View source for Northern America

{{Short description|Northernmost subregion of North America}}
{{Hatnote group|
{{About-distinguish-text|the region comprising Canada, Greenland, and the United States|[[North America]] or the [[Northern United States]]}}{{Other uses|Northern America (disambiguation)}}
}}
{{Infobox continent<!--Population and economic figures as sourced, and include countries/territories per UN geoscheme; includes Hawaii-->
| title = Northern America
| image = Northern America (orthographic projection).svg
| area = {{convert|21780142|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}
| population = {{UN_Population|Northern America}} ({{UN_Population|Year}} est.)
| density = {{convert|16.5|/km2|/sqmi|1|abbr=on}}
| demonym = 
| GDP_nominal = $27.5 trillion (2022)<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/April/weo-report?c=156,111,&s=NGDPD,&sy=2022&ey=2022&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1|access-date=8 August 2022|title=April 2022 GDP Report for Canada and United States}}</ref>
| countries = {{Collapsible list
| title = 2
| {{flag|Canada}}
| {{flag|United States}}
 }}
| dependencies = {{Collapsible list
| title = 3
| {{flag|Bermuda}} ([[United Kingdom]])
| {{flag|Greenland}} ([[Danish Realm|Denmark]])
| {{flag|Saint Pierre and Miquelon|local}} ([[France]])}}
| languages = [[North American English|English]], [[Canadian French|French]], [[Spanish language in the United States|Spanish]], [[Danish language|Danish]], [[Greenlandic language|Greenlandic]], and various recognized [[regional language]]s
| time = [[UTC−10:00]] (west [[Aleutian Islands|Aleutians]]) to [[UTC+00:00]] ([[Danmarkshavn]], [[Greenland]])
| cities = {{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;
| title = [[List of North American cities by population|10 largest cities in Northern America]] (2015)
| 
# {{flagicon|USA}} [[New York City|New York]]
# {{flagicon|USA}} [[Los Angeles]]
# {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Toronto]]
# {{flagicon|USA}} [[Chicago]]
# {{flagicon|USA}} [[Houston]]
# {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Montreal]]
# {{flagicon|USA}} [[Philadelphia]]
# {{flagicon|USA}} [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]]
# {{flagicon|USA}} [[San Antonio]]
# {{flagicon|USA}} [[San Diego]]
 }}
| m49 = <code>021</code> – Northern America<br /><code>003</code> – [[North America]]<br /><code>019</code> – [[Americas]]<br /><code>001</code> – [[World]]
}}

'''Northern America''' is the [[north]]ernmost [[Subregion#North America|subregion]] of [[North America]], as well as the northernmost [[region]] in the [[Americas]]. The boundaries may be drawn significantly differently depending on the source of the definition. In one definition, it lies directly north of [[Middle America (Americas)|Middle America]].<ref name="Idiot">Gonzalez, Joseph. 2004. [https://books.google.com/books?id=I4h9x5ZYDDIC "Northern America: Land of Opportunity"] (ch. 6). ''The Complete Idiot's Guide to Geography.'' ({{ISBN|1592571883}}) New York: Alpha Books; pp. 57–8</ref> Northern America's land frontier with the rest of North America then coincides with the [[Mexico–United States border]]. [[Geopolitics|Geopolitically]], according to the [[United Nations geoscheme|United Nations' scheme]] of geographical [[region]]s and [[subregion]]s, Northern America consists of [[Bermuda]], [[Canada]], [[Greenland]], [[Saint Pierre and Miquelon]] and the [[United States]] (the [[contiguous United States]] and [[Alaska]] only, excluding [[Hawaii]], [[Navassa Island]], [[Puerto Rico]], the [[United States Virgin Islands]], and other [[insular area|minor U.S. Pacific territories]]).<ref>[http://esa.un.org/migration/index.asp?panel=3 Definition of major areas and regions], from World Migrant Stock: The 2005 Revision Population Database, United Nations Population Division. Accessed on line October 3, 2007.</ref><ref>[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions, geographical sub-regions, and selected economic and other groupings], UN Statistics Division. Accessed online October 3, 2007. ([http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regnf.htm French])</ref>

== Definitions ==
Maps using the term ''Northern America'' date back to 1755, when the region was occupied by [[Kingdom of France|France]], [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]], and [[Enlightenment in Spain|Spain]].<ref>{{cite web |work=[[Library and Archives Canada]] |date=n.d. |first=Jacques-Nicolas |last=Bellin |author-link=Jacques-Nicolas Bellin |title=Carte de l'Amerique septentrionale (Map of Northern America, 1755) |url=http://www.collectionscanada.ca/05/0509/050950/05095092_e.html |archive-date=2007-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930191947/http://www.collectionscanada.ca/05/0509/050950/05095092_e.html}} Item NMC 21057.</ref> The [[Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Northern America]] in 1813 applied to Mexico.
Today, Northern America includes the [[Canada–United States relations|Canada–US]] [[wiktionary:dyad|dyad]], [[developed country|developed countries]] that exhibit very high [[Human Development Index]]es and intense [[economic integration]] while sharing many socioeconomic characteristics.<ref>Torrey, Barbara Boyle & Eberstadt, Nicholas. 2005 (Aug./Sep.). "[http://www.hoover.org/publications/policyreview/2931351.html The Northern America Fertility Divide] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071107050714/http://www.hoover.org/publications/policyreview/2931351.html |date=2007-11-07 }}." ''[[Hoover Institution]] [[Policy Review]].'' No. 132.</ref> 

The [[World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions]] has "Northern America" as the seventh of its nine "botanical continents". Its definition differs from the usual political one: Mexico is included, Bermuda is excluded (being placed in the Caribbean region), Hawaii is excluded (being placed in the Pacific botanical continent) and all of the [[Aleutian Islands]], Russian as well as American, are included.<ref>{{cite book |last=Brummitt |first=R.K. |year=2001 |title=World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions: Edition 2 |publisher=International Working Group on Taxonomic Databases For Plant Sciences (TDWG) |url=http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted_sites/tdwg/TDWG_geo2.pdf |access-date=2016-04-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125135239/http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted_sites/tdwg/TDWG_geo2.pdf |archive-date=2016-01-25 }}</ref>

== Countries and territories ==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style=text-align:right
|-
! scope="col" | [[List of sovereign states|Country]] / [[Dependent territory|Territory]]
! scope="col" | [[List of countries by population (United Nations)|Population]]{{UN population|ref}}
! scope="col" | [[List of countries and dependencies by area|Area]]<br>{{small|(km{{sup|2}})}}<ref>Unless otherwise noted, land area figures are taken from {{Cite report | url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2008/Table03.pdf | title=Demographic Yearbook—Table 3: Population by sex, rate of population increase, surface area and density | publisher=United Nations Statistics Division | year=2008 | access-date = 2010-10-14}}</ref>
! scope="col" | [[List of countries and dependencies by population density|Density]]<br>{{small|(people<br>per km{{sup|2}})}}
! scope="col" | [[List of national capitals|Capital]]
|-
! scope="row" | {{flagdeco|Bermuda}} [[Bermuda]]
| {{density | disp=table | {{UN population|Bermuda}} | 53.2 | pad=2}} || style=text-align:left | [[Hamilton, Bermuda|Hamilton]]
|-
! scope="row" | {{flagdeco|Canada}} [[Canada]]
| {{density | disp=table | {{UN population|Canada}} | 9,984,670 | pad=2}} || style=text-align:left | [[Ottawa]]
|-
! scope="row" | {{flagdeco|Greenland}} [[Greenland]]
| {{density | disp=table | {{UN population|Greenland}} | 2,166,086 | pad=2}} || style=text-align:left | [[Nuuk]]
|-
! scope="row" | {{flagdeco|Saint Pierre and Miquelon|local}} [[Saint Pierre and Miquelon]]
| {{density | disp=table | {{UN population|Saint Pierre and Miquelon}} | 242 | pad=2}} || style=text-align:left | [[Saint-Pierre, Saint Pierre and Miquelon|Saint Pierre]]
|-
! scope="row" | {{flagdeco|United States}} [[United States]]<ref>Includes the [[U.S. state]] of [[Hawaii]], which is distant from the North American landmass in the [[Pacific Ocean]] and therefore more commonly associated with the other territories of [[Oceania]].</ref>
| {{density | disp=table | {{UN population|United States of America}} | 9,826,675 | pad=2}} || style=text-align:left | [[Washington, D.C.]]
|- 
|}

'''*''' indicates '''"Demographics of country or territory"''' links.

== Demographics ==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style=text-align:right
!Year||Population<ref>{{cite web|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/|title=World Population Prospects|website=population.un.org|access-date=2019-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809025719/https://population.un.org/wpp/|archive-date=2019-08-09|url-status=dead}}</ref>||%<br />change||Canada||%||United States||%
|-
|1950 || 172,603,000 || — || 13,733,000 || 8.0% || 158,804,000 || 92.0%
|-
|1960 || 204,649,000 || +18.6% || 17,847,000 || 8.7% || 186,721,000 || 91.2%
|-
|1970 || 230,992,000 || +12.9% || 21,374,000 || 9.3% || 209,513,000 || 90.7%
|-
|1980 || 254,007,000 || +10.0% || 24,417,000 || 9.6% || 229,476,000 || 90.3%
|-
|1990 || 279,785,000 || +10.1% || 27,541,000 || 9.8% || 252,120,000 || 90.1%
|-
|2000 || 312,427,000 || +11.7% || 30,588,000 || 9.8% || 281,711,000 || 90.2%
|-
|2010 || 343,287,000 || +9.9% || 34,148,000 || 9.9% || 309,011,000 || 90.0%
|-
|2020 || 368,870,000 || +7.5% || 37,742,000 || 10.2% || 331,003,000 || 89.7%
|-
|}

== See also ==
{{portal|Geography<!-- |Americas -->|North America<!-- |Northern America -->}}

* [[Americas (terminology)]]
* [[Anglo-America]]
* [[Caribbean]]
* [[Central America]]
* [[Middle America (Americas)|Middle America]]
* ''[[The Nine Nations of North America]]''
* [[West Indies]]
* [[Western world]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/canada-and-the-united-states Canada and the United States, by Stephen Azzi and J.L. Granatstein]

{{Continents of the world}}
{{Regions of the world}}

[[Category:Northern America| ]]
[[Category:1750s neologisms]]
[[Category:Regions of North America]]