View source for North Riding of Yorkshire

{{Short description|Third of a historic county in England}}
{{About|the historic riding and former county subdivision|the modern county|North Yorkshire|the district in that county of the same name|North Yorkshire (district)}}
{{Redirect|North Riding}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox historic subdivision
| Name                   = North Riding of Yorkshire
| HQ                     = [[Northallerton]]
| Arms                   = [[File:Arms of North Riding County Council.svg|100px|Arms of the County Council of the North Riding of Yorkshire]]<br />''Coat of arms of North Riding County Council''
| Image                  = {{multiple images|border=infobox|perrow=1/2/2/1 |total_width=250px
  | image1 = Scarborough, North Yorkshire. Panorama (1 of 2). By Thomas Tolkien (7983655650).jpg
  | caption1 = [[Scarborough, North Yorkshire|Scarborough]]
  | image2 = Middlesbrough Town Hall - Corporation Road.jpg
  | caption2 = [[Middlesbrough]] 
  | image3 = Redcar (33306974732).jpg
  | caption3 = [[Redcar]]
  | image4 = Saltburn Pier - geograph.org.uk - 5724153.jpg
  | caption4 = [[Saltburn-by-the-Sea|Saltburn]]
  | image5 = Market Place and Holy Trinity, Richmond.jpg
  | caption5 = [[Richmond, North Yorkshire|Richmond]]
  | image6 = Whitby MMB 01.jpg
  | caption6 = [[Whitby]]
}}
| Status                 = [[Riding (division)|Riding]]<br/>then [[Administrative county]]
| Start                  = Ancient (as a county in 1889)
| End                    = 1974
| Replace                = {{Plain list|
*[[North Yorkshire]]
*[[Cleveland (county)|Cleveland]] (1974–1996)
*[[County Durham]]
}}
| Government             = [[North Riding County Council]] (1889–1974)
| Map                    = [[File:North Riding locator in England.svg|250px]]<br />North Riding shown within England
| AreaFirst              = {{convert|1359600|acre|km2}}
| AreaFirstYear          = 1911
| AreaLast               = {{convert|1376607|acre|km2}}
| AreaLastYear           = 1961
| PopulationFirst        = 286,036
| PopulationFirstYear    = 1901
| PopulationLast         = 329,410
| PopulationLastYear     = 1971
| Code                   = NRY
| CodeName               = [[Chapman code]]
| common_name            = 
| image_caption          = 
}}

The '''North Riding of Yorkshire''' was a [[ridings of Yorkshire|subdivision]] of [[Yorkshire]], England, alongside [[York]], the [[East Riding of Yorkshire|East Riding]] and [[West Riding of Yorkshire|West Riding]]. The riding's highest point was at [[Mickle Fell]] at {{cvt|2585|ft}}.

From the [[English Restoration|Restoration]] it was used as a [[lord-lieutenancy|lieutenancy area]], having been previously part of the [[Lord Lieutenant of Yorkshire|Yorkshire lieutenancy]]. Each riding was treated as a county for many purposes, such as [[quarter sessions]]. An administrative county, based on the riding, was created with a [[North Riding County Council|county council]] in 1889 under the [[Local Government Act 1888]]. In 1974 both the administrative county and the North Riding of Yorkshire lieutenancy were abolished, replaced in most of the riding by the [[non-metropolitan county]] and lieutenancy of [[North Yorkshire]], and in the north-west by [[County Durham]].

==History==
Archives from 1808 record that the "north-riding of York-shire" had once consisted of "fifty-one lordships" owned by [[Robert the Bruce]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Graves |first1=J. |title=The History of Cleveland, in the North Riding of the County of York: Comprehending an Historical and Descriptive View of the Ancient and Present State of Each Parish Within the Wapontake of Langbargh; the Soil, Produce, and Natural Curiosities; with the Origin and Genealogy of the Principal Families Within the District |date=1808 |publisher=F. Jollie and sons |page=55 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UQQAAAAYAAJ&q=north+riding++of++Yorkshire&pg=PA55 |quote=''Robert de Brus''...and fifty-one [lordships] in the north-riding of York-shire;....|access-date=13 June 2020}}</ref> During the [[English Civil War]], the North Riding predominantly supported the [[Cavalier|royalist]] cause, while other areas of Yorkshire tended to support the [[Roundhead|parliamentarians]].<ref>{{cite web| title = Historic Cleveland – Timeline| url = http://www.historic-cleveland.co.uk/timeline/timelineIndex.php| publisher = Historic-Cleveland.co.uk| access-date = 4 October 2007| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071130064734/http://historic-cleveland.co.uk/timeline/timelineIndex.php| archive-date = 30 November 2007}}</ref>

==Governance==
===Administrative county===
The '''County of York, North Riding''' administrative county was formed in 1889. In 1894 it was divided into municipal boroughs, urban districts and rural districts under the [[Local Government Act 1894]]. [[Middlesbrough]] had already been incorporated as a [[municipal borough]] in 1853 and formed a [[county borough]], exempt from county council control, from 1889. Richmond and [[Scarborough, North Yorkshire|Scarborough]] had been incorporated as municipal boroughs in 1835, with [[Thornaby-on-Tees]] added in 1892.

The [[Urban district (Great Britain and Ireland)|urban district]]s in 1894 were [[Eston]], Guisborough, Hinderwell, Kirkleatham, [[Kirklington cum Upsland]], Loftus, Malton, Masham, Northallerton, Pickering, Redcar, [[Saltburn and Marske by the Sea]], Scalby, Skelton and Brotton and [[Whitby Urban District|Whitby]]. In 1922 Redcar was incorporated as a borough.

The [[rural district]]s in 1894 were Aysgarth, [[Bedale]], [[Croft Rural District|Croft]], Easingwold, [[Flaxton Rural District|Flaxton]], Guisborough, Helmsley, Kirkby Moorside, Leyburn, Malton, Masham, [[Middlesbrough Rural District|Middlesbrough]], Northallerton, Pickering, Reeth, Richmond, Scarborough, [[Startforth Rural District|Startforth]], [[Stokesley Rural District|Stokesley]], Thirsk, [[Wath Rural District|Wath]] and [[Whitby Rural District|Whitby]].

[[Local Government Act 1929|County Review Order]]s reduced the number of urban and rural districts in the county:<ref>The North Riding of York (Northern Areas) Order 1932, The North Riding of York Review Order 1934</ref>
*Hinderwell urban district was absorbed by Whitby rural district in 1932
*A new Saltburn and Marske by the Sea urban district was formed from Saltburn by the Sea urban district and part of Guisborough rural district. the remainder of Guisborough RD passed to Loftus urban district and Whitby rural district in 1932
*Kirklington cum Upsland urban district was absorbed by Bedale rural district in 1934
*Masham urban district was redesignated as Masham rural district in 1934

In 1968 a new [[County Borough of Teesside|Teesside]] [[county borough]] was created, taking in [[Middlesbrough]] and parts of the administrative areas of Durham and North Riding councils. From the North Riding came the Redcar Borough and Saltburn-Marske Urban District, Thornaby-on-Tees Borough (formerly part of the Stokesley's rural district) and Eston's urban district. Tees-Side also included parts north of the [[River Tees]] historically in Durham. The area was associated with the North Riding for lieutenancy and other purposes.

The main towns of the riding (before its authority was abolished) were [[Middlesbrough]], [[Redcar]], [[Whitby]], [[Scarborough, North Yorkshire|Scarborough]] and [[Northallerton]].<ref>{{cite book|first=F. R. |last=Youngs |series=Local Administrative Units of England |volume=II |title=Northern England | publisher=Royal Historical Society|location= London |year=1991}}</ref>

===Post-1974===
[[File:Flag_of_North_Riding_of_Yorkshire.svg|alt=Official flag of the North Riding of Yorkshire|left|thumb|220x220px|Official flag of the North Riding (2013)]]
In 1974 the North Riding authorities were abolished. The majority of its former area became [[North Yorkshire]], with the addition of northern [[West Riding of Yorkshire|West Riding]] and north-western pre-1974 [[East Riding of Yorkshire|East Riding]]. The former Teesside county borough and areas around it became part of [[County of Cleveland|Cleveland]] county while the Startforth Rural District came under County Durham.

Most of the former riding is now represented by the larger [[North Yorkshire District]]. The boroughs of [[Borough of Middlesbrough|Middlesbrough]] and [[Redcar and Cleveland]] are wholly inside the former North Riding's area. They are also some parts of the former area in the council areas of [[Stockton-on-Tees (borough)|Stockton-on-Tees]], [[City of York|York]] and [[County Durham District|County Durham]].

==Proposed resurrection of name==
On three occasions a re-use of the name of the North Riding for local government purposes has been considered. During the [[1990s UK local government reform]], the [[John Banham|Banham Commission]] suggested uniting [[Richmondshire]], [[Hambleton District|Hambleton]], [[Ryedale]] and [[Scarborough (borough)|Scarborough]] districts in a new [[unitary authority]] called North Riding of Yorkshire. Later, the government proposed renaming the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire the North Riding of Yorkshire.<ref>{{cite hansard|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199495/cmhansrd/1995-02-01/Writtens-3.html|title=House of Commons Written Answers to Questions|house=House of Commons|date=1 February 1995|column=694}}</ref> This was deemed inappropriate and rejected, after a "chorus of disapprobation".<ref>{{cite hansard|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199495/cmhansrd/1995-02-14/Writtens-1.html|title=House of Commons Written Answers to Questions|date=13 February 1995|house=House of Commons|column=552}}</ref><ref>{{cite hansard|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199495/cmhansrd/1995-02-28/Debate-14.html|title=House of Commons Debates|house=House of Commons|date=28 February 1995|column=993}}</ref>

During a further local government review in the 2000s as part of the preparations for the [[Northern England referendums, 2004|regional assembly referendums]], a unitary authority with the name North Riding of Yorkshire, consisting of Richmondshire, Hambleton, Ryedale and Scarborough was again suggested.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.lgbce.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0013/13081/str-north-yorkshire-draft-recs-dec2003.pdf|title=Draft Recommendations for unitary local government in North Yorkshire|last=The Boundary Committee for England|date=December 2003|author-link=Boundary Committee for England|access-date=19 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119181631/http://www.lgbce.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0013/13081/str-north-yorkshire-draft-recs-dec2003.pdf|archive-date=19 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> However, the Commission withdrew this in favour of two unitary authorities, one for Hambleton and Richmondshire, the other for Ryedale and Scarborough.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.lgbce.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0014/13082/str-north-yorkshire-final-recs-may2004-1.pdf|title=Final Recommendations for unitary local government in North Yorkshire|last=The Boundary Committee for England|date=May 2004|author-link=Boundary Committee for England|access-date=19 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119182253/http://www.lgbce.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0014/13082/str-north-yorkshire-final-recs-may2004-1.pdf|archive-date=19 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Ancient divisions==
{{further|List of wapentakes in Yorkshire}}
Yorkshire was divided into [[wapentake]]s within each riding.

===Later wapentakes===
There were 13 wapentakes when the system became disused after the 19th century:
{|
|
#[[Gilling West (wapentake)|Gilling West]]
#[[Hang West]]
#[[Gilling East (wapentake)|Gilling East]]
#[[Hang East]]
#[[Allertonshire]]
#[[Hallikeld]]
#[[Langbaurgh West]]
|
[[Image:Wapentakes of the North Riding of Yorkshire.png|340px|center|Wapentakes]]
|
{{Ordered list|start=8
|[[Birdforth (wapentake)|Birdforth]]
|[[Bulmer (wapentake)|Bulmer]]
|[[Ryedale (wapentake)|Ryedale]]
|[[Langbaurgh East]]
|[[Whitby Strand]]
|[[Pickering Lythe]]}}
|}

===Domesday===
In the [[Domesday Book]] of 1086 they were 
eight wapentakes, these were as follows:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://epns.nottingham.ac.uk/browse/North+Riding+of+Yorkshire|access-date=20 March 2023|title=North Riding of Yorkshire}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Domesday name!!Later name!!Also known as!!Other post Domesday status
|-
|[[Allertonshire|Aluretune]]||Allertonshire||Shire of Northallerton||[[Liberty (division)|Liberty]]
|-
|Bolesford||Bulmer||[[Galtres]] and Bulmershire<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/yorks/north/vol2/pp83-84|access-date=20 March 2023|title=The wapentake of Bulmer}}</ref>||
|-
|rowspan=2|Dic
| Pickering Lythe || [[Vale of Pickering]] || [[Honour (England)|Honour]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/yorks/north/vol2/pp418-420|access-date=20 March 2023|title=The wapentake of Pickering Lythe}}</ref>
|-
| Whitby Strand (Soke of Hackness)
| rowspan=2| [[Whitby Strand]]
| rowspan=2| [[Liberty (division)|Liberty]]
|-
| rowspan=2|[[Langbaurgh Wapentake|Langbaurgh]] ||Whitby Strand (Whitby)
|-
|Langbaurgh East & Langbaurgh West ||[[Cleveland, Yorkshire|Cleveland]] ||[[Liberty (division)|Liberty]]
|-
|Gerlestre||Birdforth||[[Vale of Mowbray]]||[[Bailiwick]]
|-
|rowspan=2|Count Allen's Castilery||Hang East & Hang West||Hangshire
|rowspan=3|Wapentakes in the [[Honour of Richmond]]
|-
|Gilling East & Gilling West||[[Gillingshire]], the west wapentake also known as [[Wensleydale]] or [[Swaledale]]
|-
|Hallikeldshire||[[Hallikeld]]
|-

|Maneshou||Ryedale||Holdlythe||

|}

==See also==
*[[Lord Lieutenant of the North Riding of Yorkshire|List of Lord Lieutenants of the North Riding]]
*[[High Sheriff of North Yorkshire|List of High Sheriffs of North Yorkshire]]
*[[Custos Rotulorum of the North Riding of Yorkshire]] – List of Keepers of the Rolls

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://imfromyorkshire.uk.com/guide-to-yorkshire/north-riding/ Information on the North Riding of Yorkshire] on '''I'm From Yorkshire'''

{{North Riding of Yorkshire}}
{{Yorkshire}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:North Riding Of Yorkshire}}
[[Category:North Riding of Yorkshire| ]]
[[Category:History of local government in Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Geography of North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:History of North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Local government in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Administrative counties abolished in 1974|Yorkshire, North Riding]]