View source for New Zealand electorates

{{short description|Voting districts for election to the New Zealand Parliament}}
{{See also|List of New Zealand electorates}}
{{Use New Zealand English|date=April 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}

{{Politics of New Zealand |expanded=Elections}}
An '''electorate''' or '''electoral district''' ({{langx|mi|[[rohe]] pōti}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Ngā MP, rohe pōti |url=https://www.parliament.nz/mi/mps-and-electorates/ |website=www.parliament.nz |publisher=New Zealand Parliament |access-date=16 October 2023 |language=mi}}</ref>) is a [[electoral district|geographic constituency]] used for electing a member ({{abbr|MP|member of parliament}}) to the [[New Zealand Parliament]].<ref name="Electoral Act">{{cite web|title=Electoral Act 1993 No 87 (as at 1 July 2016), Public Act Contents|url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1993/0087/latest/DLM307519.html|website=www.legislation.govt.nz|publisher=New Zealand Legislation|access-date=9 February 2017|language=en-NZ}}</ref> The size of electorates is determined such that all electorates have approximately the same electoral population.

Before 1996, all MPs were directly chosen for office by the voters of an electorate. Thereafter, [[Electoral system of New Zealand|New Zealand's electoral system]] provides that some (in practice, the majority) of the usually 120 seats in Parliament are filled by electorate representatives with the remainder being filled from [[party list]]s in order to achieve [[proportional representation]] among parties. The number of electorates changes periodically, in line with national population growth. Starting from the [[2020 New Zealand general election|2020 general election]], there are 72 electorates including the [[Māori electorates]].

==Terminology==
The [[Electoral Act 1993]] refers to electorates as "electoral districts".<ref name="Electoral Act"/> Electorates are informally referred to as "seats" ({{langx|mi|tūru|link=no}}), but technically the term ''[[legislative seat|seat]]'' refers to an elected member's place in Parliament.<ref>See {{cite web |title=Terminology |url=https://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/tpl/Backg/Terminology.htm |website=www.parliament.tas.gov.au |access-date=6 March 2022}}</ref><ref group="n">Historically the only way to gain a seat in Parliament was to win an electorate, but under the present [[Electoral system of New Zealand#MMP in New Zealand|MMP system]], MPs selected from [[party lists]]—called [[list MP]]s—are able to gain a seat without representing an electorate.</ref>

==Distribution==
===Under first-past-the-post (1853–1993)===
The electoral boundaries for the inaugural [[1853 New Zealand general election|1853 general election]] were drawn up by the [[Governor-General of New Zealand|governor]], [[George Grey]], with the authority for this coming from the [[New Zealand Constitution Act 1852]].{{sfn|Wilson|1985|page=173}} After the initial election, there were eight redivisions carried out by members of the general assembly (as the lower house was known at the time). These revisions were a mixture of minor and major boundary adjustments. In 1887, the responsibility for reshaping electorates was given to a Representation Commission and that arrangement has remained to this day. Up until 1981, the boundaries of the Māori electorates were determined by the governor or governor-general, when that responsibility was also transferred to the Representation Commission.{{sfn|Wilson|1985|page=174}}

Since the Representation Act 1900 and 1902 electoral redistribution, the number of electorates had been fixed at 80. Slower growth in the population of the South Island compared to the North Island meant the number of South Island electorates, once near-equal to the North, was decreasing and the geographic size of those electorates was growing. The 80-electorate cap was removed in 1969 and instead the number of South Island electorates fixed at 25. Thereafter, the number of electorates steadily increased, peaking with 99 members elected in 1993, of whom 74 were elected from North Island electorates.<ref name="n318">{{cite web |last=Cooke |first=Henry |date=17 January 2024 |title=Why we’re eventually going to need more MPs |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/politics/350146862/why-were-eventually-going-need-more-mps |access-date=28 March 2025 |website=Stuff}}</ref>

Elections for the House of Representatives in the 1850s modelled the electoral procedures used for the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|British House of Commons]], which at that time featured both [[Single-member district|single-member]] electorates (electorates returning just one MP) and [[multiple-winner elections|multi-member]] electorates (electorates returning more than one MP).<ref name="Roberts2012">{{cite web|last1= Roberts|first1= Nigel S.|title= Electoral systems – Turning votes into seats |url= http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/electoral-systems/page-1|publisher=[[Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand]]|access-date= 9 February 2017|date= 20 June 2012}}</ref> Each electorate was allocated a different number of MPs (up to three) in order to balance electoral population differences. All electorates used a [[plurality voting system]], except [[Second Ballot Act 1908|between 1908 and 1913]] when a [[Two-round system|two-round voting system]] was employed.<ref>{{cite web |last1= Roberts|first1= Nigel S. |title= Electoral systems – Turning votes into seats |url= http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/electoral-systems/page-1 |publisher=[[Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand]]|access-date= 16 October 2018|date= 17 February 2015 | quote = Both the single-member and the multi-member districts were instances of plurality voting systems, because candidates did not need a majority of the votes (more than half) to be elected. They required only a plurality – more votes than any of the other candidates – to win.}}</ref><ref name="teara">{{cite book |last=Foster |first=Bernard John |url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/1966/government-parliamentary-elections/page-9 |title=Second Ballot System (1908–13) |publisher=[[An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand]] |year=1966 |editor=A. H. McLintock |location=Wellington |access-date=7 August 2013}}</ref>

Electorate boundaries were not always drawn to provide for proportional representation between communities. From 1881, a special [[country quota]] meant that rural seats could contain fewer people than urban seats, preserving improportionality by over-representing the rural electoral population (mostly made up by farmers). The country quota inflated the number of the electoral population outside of cities and certain towns by some percentage. The quota was at first 33% (1881–1887), then briefly 18% (1887–1889), and 28% for the remaining period (1889–1945).{{sfn|Atkinson|2003|page=76}}{{sfn|Wilson|1985|page=174}} For the [[1905 New Zealand general election|1905 election]], the multi-member electorates were abolished. The country quota persisted until 1945.<ref name="Roberts2012" /> A system of [[Māori electorates]] providing indigenous representation was established in 1867 but these were not drawn in proportion to their general electorate counterparts until the election of the [[45th New Zealand Parliament]] in [[1996 New Zealand general election|1996]].

===Under mixed-member proportional representation (since 1996)===

{| class="wikitable"
|+Number of electorates since 1996 (South Island electorates = 16)
!Election Year
! Parliament !! North Island electorates !! Māori electorates
!Total
|-
|1996
| [[45th New Zealand Parliament|45th]] || 44 || 5
|65
|-
|1999
| [[46th New Zealand Parliament|46th]] || 45 || 6
|67
|-
|2002
| [[47th New Zealand Parliament|47th]] || 46 || 7
|69
|-
|2005
| [[48th New Zealand Parliament|48th]] || 46 || 7
|69
|-
|2008
| [[49th New Zealand Parliament|49th]] || 47 || 7
|70
|-
|2011
| [[50th New Zealand Parliament|50th]] || 47 || 7
|70
|-
|2014
| [[51st New Zealand Parliament|51st]] || 48 || 7
|71
|-
|2017
| [[52nd New Zealand Parliament|52nd]] || 48 || 7
|71
|-
|2020
| [[53rd New Zealand Parliament|53rd]] || 49 || 7
|72
|-
|2023
| [[54th New Zealand Parliament|54th]] || 49 || 7
|72
|-
|2026
| [[55th New Zealand Parliament|55th]] || 48 || 7
|71
|}

Since the introduction of the [[Mixed-member proportional representation|mixed-member proportional system]] at the 1996 election, there have been at least 120 MPs and the number of South Island electorates has been fixed at 16. Like under the previous system, the number of North Island electorates is calculated in proportion to the South Island and that number has risen from 44 to a peak of 49 in 2020 and 2023.<ref name="2007changes">{{cite web |date=2007 |title=Report of the Representation Commission, 2007 |url=http://www.elections.org.nz/sites/default/files/2007%20Representation%20Commission%20Report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123193826/https://www.elections.org.nz/sites/default/files/2007%20Representation%20Commission%20Report.pdf |archive-date=23 January 2019 |access-date=3 September 2014 |website=elections.org.nz |publisher=Representation Commission |page=4}}</ref><ref name="2014changes">{{cite web |date=17 April 2014 |title=2014 Electorate Boundaries – Key Changes |url=http://www.elections.org.nz/events/electorate-boundary-review/final-electorate-boundaries/2014-electorate-boundaries-key-changes |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126021123/https://www.elections.org.nz/events/electorate-boundary-review/final-electorate-boundaries/2014-electorate-boundaries-key-changes |archive-date=26 January 2019 |access-date=3 September 2014 |website=elections.org.nz |publisher=Electoral Commission}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=17 April 2020 |title=What are electorates? |url=https://www.parliament.nz/en/visit-and-learn/parliament-in-election-year/what-are-electorates/ |access-date=6 March 2022 |website=www.parliament.nz |publisher=New Zealand Parliament |language=en-NZ |quote=In the 2020 general election, there will be seven Māori electorates and 65 general electorates—including one new electorate in Auckland.}}</ref> The new electoral system also provides for the number of Māori electorates to be calculated proportionally, and these have sat at 7 since 2002. In October 2024, [[Statistics New Zealand]] announced that population changes necessitated reducing the number of North Island general electorates by one, returning the number of North Island general electorates to 48.<ref>{{cite web |date=23 October 2024 |title=General electorates down by one, number of Māori electorates stays at seven |url=https://www.stats.govt.nz/news/general-electorates-down-by-one-number-of-maori-electorates-stays-at-seven/ |work=Stats NZ}}</ref>

Because the number of MPs is fixed at a minimum of 120, adding additional electorates means there are fewer seats available for [[list MP]]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Proportion of electorate seats to list seats |url=http://www.elections.org.nz/sites/default/files/bulk-upload/documents/Proportionality_submissions.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125034625/https://www.elections.org.nz/sites/default/files/bulk-upload/documents/Proportionality_submissions.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2019 |access-date=9 February 2017 |website=elections.org.nz |publisher=Electoral Commission}}</ref> List MP seats are assigned proportionally to parties that win at least one electorate or receive at least 5% of the [[party vote]]. However, additional list MPs may be elected if [[overhang seat]]s are required due to a party winning more electorates than its party vote share entitles it; the total number of members may therefore be more than 120.{{sfn|Shugart and Wattenberg|2001|page=24}} In [[2005 New Zealand general election|2005]] and [[2011 New Zealand general election|2011]], 121 members were elected; 122 members were elected in [[2008 New Zealand general election|2008]]; 123 members were elected in [[2023 New Zealand general election|2023]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Overhang |url=http://www.elections.org.nz/sites/default/files/bulk-upload/documents/Overhang.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502204252/http://www.elections.org.nz/sites/default/files/bulk-upload/documents/Overhang.pdf |archive-date=2 May 2017 |access-date=9 February 2017 |website=elections.org.nz |publisher=Electoral Commission}}</ref><ref name="k587">{{cite web |date=3 November 2023 |title=Official results for the 2023 General Election |url=https://elections.nz/media-and-news/2023/official-results-for-the-2023-general-election/ |access-date=28 March 2025 |website=Elections}}</ref>

===Representation Commission===
The Representation Commission has determined general electorate boundaries since 1881.{{sfn|Wilson|1985|page=174}}<ref name="commission">{{cite web|title= Representation Commission|url= http://www.elections.org.nz/voting-system/electorates/electorate-boundaries-and-review/representation-commission|website= elections.org.nz|publisher=[[Electoral Commission (New Zealand)]]|access-date= 9 February 2017|language= en|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190122024506/https://www.elections.org.nz/voting-system/electorates/electorate-boundaries-and-review/representation-commission|archive-date= 22 January 2019|url-status= dead}}</ref> These days, the Commission consists of:
* Four government officials—the Government Statistician, the Surveyor-General, the Chief Electoral Officer, and the Chairperson of the Local Government Commission.
* A representative of the governing party or coalition, and a representative of the opposition bloc.
* A chairperson (often a judge) nominated by the other members (with the exception of Chairperson of the Local Government Commission).<ref name="commission" />

The Representation Commission reviews electorate boundaries after each [[New Zealand census]], which normally occurs every five years.<ref name="Electoral Act" /> The Electoral Act 1993 stipulates that the [[South Island]] is to have 16 general electorates, and dividing the number of persons in the South Island's general electoral population by 16 determines the ''South Island Quota''.<ref group="n">Electoral Act 1993, s 35(3).</ref> This quota is then used to calculate the number of [[Māori electorates]]<ref group="n">Electoral Act 1993, s 45(3).</ref> and to determine the number of [[North Island]] electorates.<ref group="n">Electoral Act 1993, s 35(3).</ref>

The number of Māori electorates is calculated by dividing the ''Māori electoral population (MEP) of New Zealand'' by the South Island Quota. Māori voters may choose to either be represented in a Māori electorate or a general electorate, so the MEP is influenced by the number of Māori who opt for Māori electorate representation. Māori voters who choose to be represented in a general electorate are included in the ''General electoral population (GEP)'' of either the South Island or North Island. The number of North Island electorates is calculated by applying the South Island Quota to the North Island GEP.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 October 2013 |title=Calculating future Māori and General Electorates |url=http://www.elections.org.nz/events/2013-electorate-boundary-review/calculating-future-maori-and-general-electorates |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005022643/http://www.elections.org.nz/events/2013-electorate-boundary-review/calculating-future-maori-and-general-electorates |archive-date=5 October 2013 |access-date=2 October 2013 |publisher=[[Electoral Commission (New Zealand)]]}}</ref> In this way, all three types of electorates will represent similar populations. Electorates may vary by no more than 5% of the average electoral population size.<ref name="Electoral Act" />

In drawing new electorate boundaries, the Representation Commission must give due consideration to existing boundaries, communities of interest, facilities of communications, topographical features, and projected variation in population. Regard is often had for [[Local government in New Zealand|local authority]] boundaries. The Commission may abolish electorates and create new ones in their place. Except for Māori electorates, electorates must be wholly situated on either the North Island or South Island. Populations on other islands, such as [[Stewart Island|Stewart Island / Rakiura]] and the [[Chatham Islands]], are included by convention in electorates that provide access to the mainland, latterly [[Invercargill (New Zealand electorate)|Invercargill]] and [[Rongotai (New Zealand electorate)|Rongotai]], respectively.

==Naming conventions==
The Representation Commission determines the names of each electorate following the most recent census.<ref name="commission" /> An electorate may be named after a geographic region, landmark (e.g. a mountain) or [[Urban areas of New Zealand|main population area]]. The Commission adopts [[Cardinal direction|compass point]] names when there is not a more suitable name. The compass point reference usually follows the name of the main population centre, e.g. [[Hamilton East (New Zealand electorate)|Hamilton East]].

==Special electorates==
{{further|topic=the historic qualifications required to vote|History of voting in New Zealand}}

Two types of special electorates have been used.

=== Goldminers' electorates ===
[[Gold Fields (New Zealand electorate)|Goldminers' electorates]] were created for participants in the [[Otago gold rush]]. Goldminers did not usually meet the residency and property requirements in the electorate they were prospecting in, but were numerous enough to warrant political representation. Three goldminers' electorates existed, the first began in 1863 and both ended in 1870.

=== Māori electorates ===
Much more durable have been the [[Māori electorates]], created in 1867 to give separate representation to [[Māori people|Māori]]. Although originally intended to be temporary, they came to function as [[reserved political positions|reserved positions]] for Māori until 1967, ensuring that there would always be a Māori voice in Parliament. In 1967 the reserved status of the Māori seats was removed, allowing non-Māori to stand in the Māori electorates. Until 1993 the number of Māori electorates was fixed at four, significantly under-representing Māori in Parliament. In 1975 the definition of who could opt to register on either the general or the Māori [[electoral roll|roll]] was expanded to include all persons of Māori descent.<ref name="1975 Act">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nzlii.org/nz/legis/hist_act/eaa19751975n28210/ |title= Electoral Amendment Act 1975 |access-date= 10 March 2014}}</ref> Previously all persons of more than 50% Māori ancestry were on the Māori roll while persons of less than 50% Māori ancestry were required to enrol on the then European roll. Only persons presumed to have equal Māori and European ancestry (so-called half-castes) had a choice of roll.<ref name="1956 Act">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nzlii.org/nz/legis/hist_act/ea19561956n107130/ |title= Electoral Act 1956 |access-date=10 March 2014}}</ref>

Since the introduction of [[Mixed-member proportional representation|MMP]] in 1996, the number of seats can change with the number of Māori voters who choose to go on the Māori roll rather than the general roll. In 1996, there were five Māori electorates. For the 1999 election, this increased to six electorates. Since the 2002 election, the number of Māori electorates has stayed constant at seven.<ref>{{cite web |title=Māori and the vote – Change in the 20th century |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/page/change-20th-century |website=nzhistory.govt.nz |publisher=[[New Zealand History Online]] |access-date=12 January 2025 |date=21 November 2024}}</ref>

== Electorates in the 54th Parliament ==
[[File:2023 New Zealand electorates A.svg|thumb|400px|New Zealand electorates used since 2023, showing 2023 election results]]
This table shows the electorates as they were represented during the [[54th New Zealand Parliament]]. [NB "Port Waitako" on the map should read "Port Waikato".]

=== General electorates===
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
! Electorate
! Region
!Namesake
! MP
! colspan="2" | Party
|-
|{{NZ electorate link|Auckland Central}}
|{{Sort|2|[[Auckland Region|Auckland]]}}
|[[Auckland]]
|{{sortname|Chlöe|Swarbrick}}
|{{Party name with color|Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand}}
|-
|[[Banks Peninsula (New Zealand electorate)|Banks Peninsula]]
|{{Sort|14|[[Canterbury, New Zealand|Canterbury]]}}
|[[Banks Peninsula]]
|{{sortname|Vanessa|Weenink}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Bay of Plenty (New Zealand electorate)|Bay of Plenty]]
|{{Sort|4|[[Bay of Plenty]]}}
|[[Bay of Plenty]]
|{{sortname|Tom|Rutherford}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Botany (New Zealand electorate)|Botany]]
|{{Sort|2|[[Auckland Region|Auckland]]}}
|[[Botany Downs]]
|{{sortname|Christopher|Luxon}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Christchurch Central]]
|{{Sort|14|[[Canterbury, New Zealand|Canterbury]]}}
|[[Christchurch]]
|{{sortname|Duncan|Webb|}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand Labour Party}}
|-
|[[Christchurch East]]
|{{Sort|14|[[Canterbury, New Zealand|Canterbury]]}}
|[[Christchurch]]
|{{sortname|Reuben|Davidson}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand Labour Party}}
|-
|[[Coromandel (New Zealand electorate)|Coromandel]]
|{{Sort|3|[[Waikato]]}}
|[[Coromandel Peninsula]]
|{{sortname|Scott|Simpson|Scott Simpson (politician)}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Dunedin (New Zealand electorate)|Dunedin]]
|{{Sort|15|[[Otago]]}}
|[[Dunedin]]
|{{sortname|Rachel|Brooking}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand Labour Party}}
|-
|[[East Coast (New Zealand electorate)|East Coast]]
| data-sort-value="4.5" |[[Gisborne District|Gisborne]] and [[Bay of Plenty]]
|[[East Coast, New Zealand|East Coast]]
|{{sortname|Dana|Kirkpatrick}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[East Coast Bays (New Zealand electorate)|East Coast Bays]]
| data-sort-value="1.9" |{{Sort|2|[[Auckland Region|Auckland]]}}
|[[East Coast Bays]]
|{{sortname|Erica|Stanford}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Epsom (New Zealand electorate)|Epsom]]
|{{Sort|2|[[Auckland Region|Auckland]]}}
|[[Epsom, New Zealand|Epsom]]
|{{sortname|David|Seymour}}
|{{Party name with color|ACT New Zealand}}
|-
|[[Hamilton East (New Zealand electorate)|Hamilton East]]
|{{Sort|3|[[Waikato]]}}
|[[Hamilton, New Zealand|Hamilton]]
|{{sortname|Ryan|Hamilton|Ryan Hamilton (New Zealand politician)}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Hamilton West (New Zealand electorate)|Hamilton West]]
|{{Sort|3|[[Waikato]]}}
|[[Hamilton, New Zealand|Hamilton]]
|{{sortname|Tama|Potaka}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Hutt South]]
|{{Sort|9|[[Wellington Region|Wellington]]}}
|[[Hutt Valley]]
|{{sortname|Chris|Bishop}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Ilam (New Zealand electorate)|Ilam]]
|{{Sort|14|[[Canterbury, New Zealand|Canterbury]]}}
|[[Ilam, New Zealand|Ilam]]
|{{sortname|Hamish|Campbell}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Invercargill (New Zealand electorate)|Invercargill]]
|{{Sort|16|[[Southland, New Zealand|Southland]]}}
|[[Invercargill]]
|{{sortname|Penny|Simmonds}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Kaikōura (New Zealand electorate)|Kaikōura]]
| data-sort-value="11.5" |[[Marlborough Region|Marlborough]] and [[Canterbury, New Zealand|Canterbury]]
|[[Kaikōura]]
|{{sortname|Stuart|Smith|Stuart Smith (politician)}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Kaipara ki Mahurangi]]
| data-sort-value="1.9" |{{Sort|2|[[Auckland Region|Auckland]]}}
|[[Kaipara Harbour]] and [[Mahurangi Harbour]]
|{{sortname|Chris|Penk}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Kelston (New Zealand electorate)|Kelston]]
|{{Sort|2|[[Auckland Region|Auckland]]}}
|[[Kelston, New Zealand|Kelston]]
|{{sortname|Carmel|Sepuloni|}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand Labour Party}}
|-
|[[Mana (New Zealand electorate)|Mana]]
|{{Sort|9|[[Wellington Region|Wellington]]}}
|[[Mana Island (New Zealand)|Mana Island]]
|{{sortname|Barbara|Edmonds|}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand Labour Party}}
|-
|[[Māngere (New Zealand electorate)|Māngere]]
| data-sort-value="2.1" |{{Sort|2|[[Auckland Region|Auckland]]}}
|[[Māngere]]
|{{sortname|Lemauga Lydia|Sosene}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand Labour Party}}
|-
|[[Manurewa (New Zealand electorate)|Manurewa]]
| data-sort-value="2.1" |{{Sort|2|[[Auckland Region|Auckland]]}}
|[[Manurewa]]
|{{sortname|Arena|Williams}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand Labour Party}}
|-
|[[Maungakiekie (New Zealand electorate)|Maungakiekie]]
|{{Sort|2|[[Auckland Region|Auckland]]}}
|[[Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill]]
|{{sortname|Greg|Fleming|Greg Fleming (politician)}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Mount Albert (New Zealand electorate)|Mt Albert]]
|{{Sort|2|[[Auckland Region|Auckland]]}}
|[[Mount Albert, New Zealand|Mount Albert]]
|{{sortname|Helen|White|Helen White (politician)}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand Labour Party}}
|-
|[[Mount Roskill (New Zealand electorate)|Mt Roskill]]
|{{Sort|2|[[Auckland Region|Auckland]]}}
|[[Mount Roskill]]
|{{sortname|Carlos|Cheung}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Napier (New Zealand electorate)|Napier]]
|{{Sort|6|[[Hawke's Bay Region|Hawke's Bay]]}}
|[[Napier, New Zealand|Napier]]
|{{sortname|Katie|Nimon}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Nelson (New Zealand electorate)|Nelson]]
| data-sort-value="10.5" |[[Nelson, New Zealand|Nelson]] and [[Tasman District|Tasman]]
|[[Nelson, New Zealand|Nelson]]
|{{sortname|Rachel|Boyack}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand Labour Party}}
|-
|[[New Lynn (New Zealand electorate)|New Lynn]]
|{{Sort|2|[[Auckland Region|Auckland]]}}
|[[New Lynn]]
|{{sortname|Paulo|Garcia|Paulo Garcia (New Zealand politician)}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[New Plymouth (New Zealand electorate)|New Plymouth]]
|{{Sort|7|[[Taranaki]]}}
|[[New Plymouth]]
|{{sortname|David|MacLeod}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[North Shore (New Zealand electorate)|North Shore]]
| data-sort-value="1.9" |{{Sort|2|[[Auckland Region|Auckland]]}}
|[[North Shore, New Zealand|North Shore]]
|{{sortname|Simon|Watts}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Northcote (New Zealand electorate)|Northcote]]
| data-sort-value="1.9" |{{Sort|2|[[Auckland Region|Auckland]]}}
|[[Northcote, Auckland|Northcote]]
|{{sortname|Dan|Bidois}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Northland (New Zealand electorate)|Northland]]
|{{Sort|1|[[Northland Region|Northland]]}}
|[[Northland Region]]
|{{sortname|Grant|McCallum}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Ōhāriu (New Zealand electorate)|Ōhāriu]]
|{{Sort|9|[[Wellington Region|Wellington]]}}
|[[Ohariu, New Zealand|Ohariu]]
|{{sortname|Greg|O'Connor|Greg O'Connor (politician)}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand Labour Party}}
|-
|[[Ōtaki (New Zealand electorate)|Ōtaki]]
| data-sort-value="8.6" |[[Wellington Region|Wellington]] and [[Manawatū-Whanganui]]
|[[Ōtaki River]]
|{{sortname|Tim|Costley}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Pakuranga (New Zealand electorate)|Pakuranga]]
|{{Sort|2|[[Auckland Region|Auckland]]}}
|[[Pakuranga]]
|{{sortname|Simeon|Brown}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Palmerston North (New Zealand electorate)|Palmerston North]]
|{{Sort|8|[[Manawatū-Whanganui]]}}
|[[Palmerston North]]
|{{sortname|Tangi|Utikere}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand Labour Party}}
|-
|[[Panmure-Ōtāhuhu]]
| data-sort-value="2.1" |{{Sort|2|[[Auckland Region|Auckland]]}}
|[[Panmure, New Zealand|Panmure]] and [[Ōtāhuhu]]
|{{sortname|Jenny|Salesa}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand Labour Party}}
|-
|[[Papakura (New Zealand electorate)|Papakura]]
| data-sort-value="2.1" |{{Sort|2|[[Auckland Region|Auckland]]}}
|[[Papakura]]
|{{sortname|Judith|Collins}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Port Waikato (New Zealand electorate)|Port Waikato]]
| data-sort-value="2.5" |[[Auckland Region|Auckland]] and [[Waikato]]
|[[Port Waikato]]
|{{sortname|Andrew|Bayly}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Rangitata (New Zealand electorate)|Rangitata]]
|{{Sort|14|[[Canterbury, New Zealand|Canterbury]]}}
|[[Rangitata River]]
|{{sortname|James|Meager}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Rangitīkei (New Zealand electorate)|Rangitīkei]]
|{{Sort|8|[[Manawatū-Whanganui]]}}
|[[Rangitīkei River]]
|{{sortname|Suze|Redmayne}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Remutaka (New Zealand electorate)|Remutaka]]
|{{Sort|9|[[Wellington Region|Wellington]]}}
|[[Remutaka Range]]
|{{sortname|Chris|Hipkins}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand Labour Party}}
|-
|[[Rongotai (New Zealand electorate)|Rongotai]]
|{{Sort|9|[[Wellington Region|Wellington]]}} and the [[Chatham Islands]]
|[[Rongotai]]
|{{sortname|Julie Anne|Genter}}
|{{Party name with color|Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand}}
|-
|[[Rotorua (New Zealand electorate)|Rotorua]]
|{{Sort|4|[[Bay of Plenty]]}}
|[[Rotorua]]
|{{sortname|Todd|McClay}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Selwyn (New Zealand electorate)|Selwyn]]
|{{Sort|14|[[Canterbury, New Zealand|Canterbury]]}}
|[[Selwyn River]]
|{{sortname|Nicola|Grigg}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Southland (New Zealand electorate)|Southland]]
| data-sort-value="15.5" |[[Southland, New Zealand|Southland]] and [[Otago]]
|[[Southland Region]]
|{{sortname|Joseph|Mooney|Joseph Mooney (New Zealand politician)}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Taieri (New Zealand electorate)|Taieri]]
|{{Sort|15|[[Otago]]}}
|[[Taieri River]]
|{{sortname|Ingrid|Leary}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand Labour Party}}
|-
|[[Takanini (New Zealand electorate)|Takanini]]
| data-sort-value="2.1" |{{Sort|2|[[Auckland Region|Auckland]]}}
|[[Takanini]]
|{{sortname|Rima|Nakhle}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Tāmaki (New Zealand electorate)|Tāmaki]]
|{{Sort|2|[[Auckland Region|Auckland]]}}
|[[Tamaki River]]
|{{sortname|Brooke|van Velden}}
|{{Party name with color|ACT New Zealand}}
|-
|[[Taranaki-King Country]]
| data-sort-value="6.9" |[[Taranaki]] and [[Waikato]]
|[[Taranaki|Taranaki region]] and [[King Country]]
|{{sortname|Barbara|Kuriger}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Taupō (New Zealand electorate)|Taupō]]
|{{Sort|3|[[Waikato]]}}
|[[Lake Taupō]]
|{{sortname|Louise|Upston}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Tauranga (New Zealand electorate)|Tauranga]]
|{{Sort|4|[[Bay of Plenty]]}}
|[[Tauranga]]
|{{sortname|Sam|Uffindell}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Te Atatū (New Zealand electorate)|Te Atatū]]
|{{Sort|2|[[Auckland Region|Auckland]]}}
|[[Te Atatū Peninsula]]
|{{sortname|Phil|Twyford}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand Labour Party}}
|-
|[[Tukituki (New Zealand electorate)|Tukituki]]
|{{Sort|6|[[Hawke's Bay Region|Hawke's Bay]]}}
|[[Tukituki River]]
|{{sortname|Catherine|Wedd}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Upper Harbour (New Zealand electorate)|Upper Harbour]]
| data-sort-value="1.9" |{{Sort|2|[[Auckland Region|Auckland]]}}
|[[Upper Waitematā Harbour]]
|{{sortname|Cameron|Brewer}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Waikato (New Zealand electorate)|Waikato]]
|{{Sort|3|[[Waikato]]}}
|[[Waikato River]]
|{{sortname|Tim|van de Molen}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Waimakariri (New Zealand electorate)|Waimakariri]]
|{{Sort|14|[[Canterbury, New Zealand|Canterbury]]}}
|[[Waimakariri River]]
|{{sortname|Matt|Doocey}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Wairarapa (New Zealand electorate)|Wairarapa]]
| data-sort-value="8.1" |[[Wellington Region|Wellington]], [[Manawatū-Whanganui]] and [[Hawke's Bay Region|Hawke's Bay]]
|[[Lake Wairarapa]]
|{{sortname|Mike|Butterick}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Waitaki (New Zealand electorate)|Waitaki]]
| data-sort-value="14.5" |[[Otago]] and [[Canterbury, New Zealand|Canterbury]]
|[[Waitaki River]]
|{{sortname|Miles|Anderson|Miles Anderson (politician)}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|{{NZ electorate link|Wellington Central}}
|{{Sort|9|[[Wellington Region|Wellington]]}}
|[[Wellington]]
|{{sortname|Tamatha|Paul}}
|{{Party name with color|Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand}}
|-
|[[West Coast-Tasman]]
| data-sort-value="12.5" |[[West Coast, New Zealand|West Coast]] and [[Tasman District|Tasman]]
|[[West Coast, New Zealand|West Coast region]] and [[Tasman District|Tasman district]]
|{{sortname|Maureen|Pugh}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Whanganui (New Zealand electorate)|Whanganui]]
| data-sort-value="7.5" |[[Manawatū-Whanganui]] and [[Taranaki]]
|[[Whanganui River]]
|{{sortname|Carl|Bates}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Whangaparāoa (New Zealand electorate)|Whangaparāoa]]
| data-sort-value="1.9" |{{Sort|2|[[Auckland Region|Auckland]]}}
|[[Whangaparāoa Peninsula]]
|{{sortname|Mark|Mitchell|Mark Mitchell (New Zealand politician)}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Whangārei (New Zealand electorate)|Whangārei]]
|{{Sort|1|[[Northland Region|Northland]]}}
|[[Whangārei]]
|{{sortname|Shane|Reti}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}
|-
|[[Wigram (New Zealand electorate)|Wigram]]
|{{Sort|14|[[Canterbury, New Zealand|Canterbury]]}}
|[[Wigram]]
|{{sortname|Megan|Woods}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand Labour Party}}
|-
|}

===Māori electorates===
{| style="font-size: 95%;" class="sortable wikitable"
!Electorate
!Region
!Namesake/translation
!MP
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[Te Tai Tokerau]]
| data-sort-value="1.5" | Northland and Auckland
|"northern district"
|{{sortname|Mariameno|Kapa-Kingi}}
|{{party color cell|Te Pāti Māori}}
|[[Te Pāti Māori|Māori]]
|-
|[[Tāmaki Makaurau (New Zealand electorate)|Tāmaki Makaurau]]
| data-sort-value="2" | Auckland
|"Tāmaki desired by many" (the Māori name for [[Auckland]])
|{{sortname|Takutai Tarsh|Kemp}}
|{{party color cell|Te Pāti Māori}}
|[[Te Pāti Māori|Māori]]
|-
|[[Hauraki-Waikato]]
| data-sort-value="2.5" | Auckland and Waikato
|[[Hauraki Gulf]] and [[Waikato River]]
|{{sortname|Hana-Rawhiti|Maipi-Clarke}}
|{{party color cell|Te Pāti Māori}}
|[[Te Pāti Māori|Māori]]
|-
|[[Waiariki (New Zealand electorate)|Waiariki]]
| data-sort-value="4" | Bay of Plenty and Waikato
|"chiefly waters"
|{{sortname|Rawiri|Waititi}}
|{{party color cell|Te Pāti Māori}}
|[[Te Pāti Māori|Māori]]
|-
|[[Ikaroa-Rāwhiti]]
| data-sort-value="8.5" | Hawke's Bay, Gisborne, Manawatū-Whanganui and Wellington
|long ({{lang|mi|roa}}) eastern ({{lang|mi|rāwhiti}}) electorate of the [[North Island|North Island / Te Ika-a-Māui]]
|{{sortname|Cushla|Tangaere-Manuel}}
|{{Party name with color|New Zealand Labour Party}}
|-
|[[Te Tai Hauāuru]]
| data-sort-value="7" | Taranaki, Waikato, Manawatū-Whanganui and Wellington
|"western district"
|{{sortname|Debbie|Ngarewa-Packer}}
|{{party color cell|Te Pāti Māori}}
|[[Te Pāti Māori|Māori]]
|-
|[[Te Tai Tonga]]
| data-sort-value="14" | The South Island, Wellington and the [[Chatham Islands]]
|"southern district"
|{{sortname|Tākuta|Ferris}}
|{{party color cell|Te Pāti Māori}}
|[[Te Pāti Māori|Māori]]
|-
|}

== Footnotes ==
{{Reflist|group="n"}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*{{cite book |last1= Atkinson |first1= Neill |title= Adventures in democracy: a history of the vote in New Zealand |date=2003 |publisher=University of Otago Press |location= Dunedin |isbn= 9781877276583| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_CG4AAAAIAAJ}}
*{{cite book |editor1-first=Matthew Søberg |editor1-last=Shugart |editor2-first=Martin |editor2-last=Wattenberg |editor1-link=Matthew Søberg Shugart |editor2-link=Martin Wattenberg (political scientist) |title=Mixed-Member Electoral Systems: the best of both worlds? |date=2001 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=0191528978}}
*{{cite book |last= Wilson |first= James Oakley |title= New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 |edition= 4th |origyear=First published in 1913 |year= 1985 |publisher=V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer |location= Wellington |oclc= 154283103}}

==External links==
* [https://www.parliament.nz/en/mps-and-electorates/electorate-profiles/ Electoral profiles], produced by the Parliamentary Library, New Zealand Parliament.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130208035645/http://www.elections.org.nz/mapping/ Map of electorates with boundaries], produced by the Parliamentary Library, run by the Electoral Commission, the Electoral Enrolment Centre, the Representation Commission, and the Justice Sector.

{{Electorates of New Zealand}}
{{Historic electorates of New Zealand}}
{{Parliament of NZ}}

[[Category:New Zealand electorates| ]]
[[Category:Elections in New Zealand|Electorates]]
[[Category:Lists of constituencies|New Zealand]]
[[Category:New Zealand politics-related lists|Electorates]]