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{{Short description|Christian term}}
[[File:Christ Taking Leave of the Apostles.jpg|300px|thumb|Jesus giving the [[Farewell Discourse]] to his eleven remaining disciples after the Last Supper, from the ''[[Maestà (Duccio)|Maestà]]'' by [[Duccio]], c. 1310]]

The '''New Commandment''' is a term used in [[Christianity]] to describe [[Jesus|Jesus's]] commandment to '''"love one another"''' which, according to the [[Bible]], was given as part of the final instructions to [[Disciple (Christianity)|his disciples]] after the [[Last Supper]] had ended,<ref>{{Bibleref|John|13:2|9}} "And supper being ended,&nbsp;..."</ref> and after [[Judas Iscariot]] had departed in {{Bibleref|John|13:34|9}}.<ref name=Moloney425 /><ref name=Yarbrough215 /><ref name=Warren487 />

{{blockquote|text=Little children, yet a little while I am with you. Ye shall seek me: and as I said unto the Jews, Whither I go, ye cannot come; so now I say to you. <sup>34</sup> A '''new commandment''' I give unto you, That ye love one another; as I have loved you, that ye also love one another. <sup>35</sup> By this shall all men know that ye are my disciples, if ye have love one to another. &mdash;{{bibleref|John|13:33-35|9|John 13:33&ndash;35}} ([[Authorized King James Version|KJV]]; emphasis added)}}

This commandment appears thirteen times in twelve verses in the [[New Testament]].<ref name=Warren487 /><ref>
{{bibleverse|John.13:34;15:12;15:17|multi=yes}}
*{{Bibleref|Romans|13:8|9}}
*{{Bibleref|1Thessalonians|4:9|9}}
*{{Bibleref|1Peter|1:22|9}}
*{{bibleverse|1John.3:11;3:23|multi=yes}}
*{{bibleverse|1John.4:7;4:11-12|multi=yes}}
*{{Bibleref|2John|1:5|9}}
</ref> Theologically, this commandment is interpreted as dual to the [[Love of Christ]] for his followers.<ref name=Moloney425 /> The commandment can also be seen as the last wish in the [[Farewell Discourse]] to the disciples.<ref name=Rich301 >''Imitating Jesus'' by Richard A. Burridge 2007 {{ISBN|0802844588}} page 301</ref>

==Gospel of John==
The statement of the new commandment by Jesus in John 13:34–35 was after the [[Last Supper]], and after the departure of [[Judas Iscariot|Judas]].<ref name=AndreasK149 >''Encountering John: The Gospel in Historical, Literary, and Theological Perspective'' by Andreas J. Kostenberger 2002 {{ISBN|0801026032}} pages 149–151</ref> The commandment was prefaced in John 13:34 by Jesus telling his remaining disciples, as little children, that he will be with them for only a short time, then will leave them.<ref name=AndreasK149 />

In the commandment Jesus told the disciples: "Love one another; as I have loved you".<ref name=Moloney425 >''The Gospel of John'' (1998) by Francis J. Moloney and Daniel J. Harrington. {{ISBN|0-8146-5806-7}}. Page 425.</ref><ref name=Bruce294 >''The Gospel of John'' (1994) by Frederick Bruce. {{ISBN|0-8028-0883-2}}. Page 294.</ref>

Just after the commandment, and before the [[Farewell Discourse]] the first reference to [[Peter's Denial]]s took place, where Jesus predicted that Peter would deny him three times before the cock crow.<ref name=AndreasK149 />

Two similar statements also appear in chapter 15 of the Gospel of John:<ref name=Yarbrough215 >{{cite book |title=1, 2, and 3 John |last=Yarbrough |first=Robert W. |year=2008 |publisher=Baker Academic |isbn=978-0801026874 |page=100 |access-date=July 5, 2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NBYkfauh8E4C&q=%22love+one+another%22&pg=PA100}}</ref>

* [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John#15:12|John 15:12]]: This is my commandment, that ye love one another, even as I have loved you.
* [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John#15:17|John 15:17]]: These things I command you, that ye may love one another.

==Other New Testament references==

===Johannine writings===
The [[Johannine writings]] include other, similar passages.<ref name=Yarbrough215 /><ref name=Warren487 >{{cite book |title=The Bible Exposition Commentary |last=Wiersbe |first=Warren W. |year=1992 |isbn=1564760316 |page=487 |publisher=David C Cook |access-date=July 5, 2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aQXOpY9AplsC&q=%22love+one+another%22&pg=PA487}}</ref>
<!-- This papyrus does NOT contain the new commandment portion, so it is not relevant--><!--[[File:Papyrus 27.png|thumb|100px|Part of Paul's [[Epistle to the Romans]] in [[Papyrus 27]] early 3rd century.]]-->
* [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/1 John#3:11|1 John 3:11]]: For this is the message which ye heard from the beginning, that we should love one another
* [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/1 John#3:23|1 John 3:23]]: And this is his commandment, that we should believe in the name of his Son Jesus Christ, and love one another, even as he gave us commandment.
* [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/1 John#4:7|1 John 4:7]]: let us love one another: for love is of God;
* [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/1 John#4:12|1 John 4:12]]: No man hath beheld God at any time: if we love one another, God abideth in us, and his love is perfected in us.

Similarly, the [[Second Epistle of John]] states:<ref name=Warren487 />
* [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/2John#5|2 John 5]]: not as though I wrote to thee a new commandment, but that which we had from the beginning, that we love one another.

===Pauline letters===
The [[Pauline Epistles]] also contain similar references.<ref name=Warren487 />

* [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Romans#13:8|Romans 13:8]]: Owe no man anything, save to love one another: for he that [[Great Commandment#Love thy neighbour as thyself|loveth his neighbor]] hath fulfilled the law.
* [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/1 Thessalonians 4:9|1 Thessalonians 4:9]]: ... for ye yourselves are taught of God to love one another.

===1 Peter===
The [[First Epistle of Peter]] has a similar statement:<ref name=Warren487 />

* [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/1 Peter 1:22|1 Peter 1:22]]: ...to love brotherly without feigning, love one another with a pure heart fervently.

==Interpretations==
{{Main|Great Commandment}}
The "New Commandment" concerns the love for neighbor and is similar to the second part of the [[Great Commandment#New Testament accounts|Great Commandment]], which comprises two commands: love for God and love for neighbor. The first part of the Great Commandment alludes to [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+6%3A4-5&version=ESV Deuteronomy 6:4–5], a section of the Torah which is recited at the beginning of the Jewish prayer known as ''[[Shema Yisrael]]''. The second part of the Great Commandment, which is similar to the "New Commandment", commands love for neighbor and is based on [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+19%3A18&version=ESV Leviticus 19:18].

According to [[Scott Hahn]], while the [[Torah]] commanded [[human love]], Jesus commands [[divine love]] for one another that is modeled on his own acts of [[Charity (practice)|charity]].<ref>Ignatius Catholic Study Bible New Testament</ref>

The "New Commandment", the ''Wycliffe Bible Commentary'' states, "was new in that the love was to be exercised toward others not because they belonged to the same nation, but because they belonged to Christ ... and the love of Christ which the disciples had seen ... would be a testimony to the world".<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Charles F.|editor1-last=Pfeiffer|editor2-first=Everett F.|editor2-last=Harrison|title=The Wycliffe Bible Commentary|publisher=Iversen-Norman Associates|location=New York|year=1971|page=341|lccn= 72183345}}</ref>

One of the ''novelties'' introduced by this commandment – perhaps justifying its designation as ''New'' – is that Jesus "introduces himself as a standard for love".<ref name=Martins>{{cite web|publisher=[[Roman Curia|The Vatican]]|url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/csaints/documents/rc_con_csaints_doc_20070506_beatif-madre-carmen_en.html|title=Homily of Cardinal Martins, Antequera, Spain|date=2007-05-06|access-date=2008-08-26}}</ref> The usual criterion had been "as you love yourself". However, the New Commandment goes beyond "as you love yourself" as found in the [[ethic of reciprocity]] and states "as I have loved you", using the [[Love of Christ]] for his disciples as the new model.<ref name=Martins />

The First Epistle of John reflects the theme of love being an ''[[imitation of Christ]]'', with [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/1 John#4:19|1 John 4:19]] stating: "We love, because he first loved us."<ref>M. Eugene Boring and Fred B. Craddock (2010). ''The People's New Testament Commentary''. {{ISBN|0664235921}}. p. 335.</ref>

==See also==
<!-- alphabetical order -->
*[[Great Commandment]]
*[[Love of Christ]]
*[[New Covenant]]
*[[Ten Commandments]]
*[[The Law of Christ]]

==References==
<references/>

{{Christianity footer}}
{{Gospel of John}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:New Commandment}}
[[Category:Biblical phrases]]
[[Category:Doctrines and teachings of Jesus]]
[[Category:Love and religion]]
[[Category:Christian ethics in the Bible]]
[[Category:Biblical law]]
[[Category:Judaism in the New Testament]]
[[Category:Christian terminology]]
[[Category:Gospel of John]]
[[Category:Commandments]]
[[Category:Last Supper]]