View source for Netherlands Carillon

{{short description|Bell instrument in Arlington, Virginia, US}}
{{Infobox building
| image               = Netherlands carillon.jpg
| image_alt           =
| caption             = The Netherlands Carillon viewed from the northwest.
| map_type            = 
| map_alt             = 
| map_caption         = 
| altitude            = 
| building_type       = Tower housing a [[carillon]]
| architectural_style = [[Modernist]]
| structural_system   = 
| cost                = 
| client              = 
| owner               = [[National Park Service]]
| location            = Between [[Arlington National Cemetery]] and the [[Marine Corps War Memorial]] in [[Arlington, Virginia]]
| location_country    = United States
| coordinates         = {{coord|38.8882|-77.0695|format=dms|display=inline,title|type:landmark_region:US-VA|}}
| groundbreaking_date = 
| start_date          = circa 1958
| completion_date     = 
| inauguration_date   = {{Start date|1960|05|05}}
| renovation_date     = 1983, 1994–95, 2019–21
| ren_cost            = {{Unbulleted list|$0.3 million (1983)|$1.4 million (1994–95)|$5.8 million (2019–21)}}
| demolition_date     = 
| destruction_date    = 
| architectural       = {{convert|127|ft|m}}
| top_floor           = {{convert|83|ft|m}}
| observatory         = {{convert|60|ft|m}}
| other_dimensions    = 
| floor_count         = 2
| floor_area          = 
| grounds_area        = {{convert|93|sqft|m2}}
| elevator_count      = 0
| main_contractor     = 
| architect           = Joost W. C. Boks
| architecture_firm   = [[Petit & Fritsen]]
| structural_engineer = 
| services_engineer   = 
| civil_engineer      = 
| other_designers     = [[Petit & Fritsen]], [[Royal Eijsbouts]], Van Bergen ([[bell casting]], 1952–53)
| quantity_surveyor   = 
| awards              = 
| designations        = 
| ren_architect       = 
| ren_firm            = [[Petit & Fritsen]] (bell casting, 1995, 2020)
| ren_str_engineer    = 
| ren_serv_engineer   = 
| ren_civ_engineer    = 
| ren_oth_designers   = 
| ren_qty_surveyor    = 
| ren_awards          =
| parking             =
| website             = {{URL|https://home.nps.gov/gwmp/learn/historyculture/netherlandscarillon.htm}}
| embedded            = 
| references          = 
}}

The '''Netherlands Carillon''' is a 127-foot (39-m) tall [[campanile]] housing a 53-bell [[carillon]] located in [[Arlington County, Virginia]]. The instrument and tower were given in the 1950s "From the People of the Netherlands to the People of the United States of America" to thank the United States for its contributions to the [[liberation of the Netherlands]] in 1945 and for [[Marshall Plan|its economic aid]] in the years after. The Netherlands Carillon is a historic property listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] as part of [[Arlington Ridge Park]], which is part of the [[George Washington Memorial Parkway]]. It is owned and operated by the [[National Park Service]]. 

The carillon is situated on a ridge overlooking the [[Potomac River]] and [[Washington, D.C.]], and it provides expansive views of the [[National Mall]], [[West Potomac Park]] (its original, temporary location), and [[Arlington National Cemetery]]. Its adjacency to the [[Marine Corps War Memorial]] to the north and Arlington National Cemetery to the south draws 1.2 million visitors annually, including recreational visitors from Rosslyn's residential areas. Throughout the day, the carillon automatically plays the [[Westminster Quarters]]. On significant days of the year in Dutch and American culture, it plays automated concerts, and from June to August, the director-carillonist Edward Nassor hosts a concert series whereby visiting carillonists perform weekly concerts on the instrument.

==History==
[[File:NetherlandsCarillon.jpg|thumb|Netherlands Carillon in [[Arlington County, Virginia]]]]
In late 1951, Govert L. Verheul, press officer of the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs in [[The Hague]], proposed that the Netherlands present a gift to the United States to commemorate their actions during and after [[World War&nbsp;II]] and as a symbol of the two countries' lasting friendship. He came up with the idea of gifting a [[carillon]] when washing dishes one night and accidentally clinking wine glasses together.<ref name="NPS Report 2019">{{cite report |last1=Inthavong |first1=Diana |last2=Oeschger |first2=Jennifer |last3=Milnarik |first3=Elizabeth |date=2019 |title=The Netherlands Carillon: Historic Structure Report |url=http://npshistory.com/publications/gwmp/hsr-netherlands-carillon.pdf |publisher=US Department of the Interior |page=1–30 |access-date=November 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128041119/http://npshistory.com/publications/gwmp/hsr-netherlands-carillon.pdf |archive-date=November 28, 2020}}</ref><ref name="Netherlands Carillon book">{{cite book |last1=Oostdijk |first1= Diederik |date=April 2020 |title=Klokken voor Amerika: Weerklank van de bevrijding |trans-title=Bells for America: Resonance of the Liberation |language=nl |publisher=Boom uitgevers Amsterdam |isbn= 9789024433810}}</ref> Consequently, a large-scale fundraising campaign was launched, and it received an enthusiastic response. It was eventually endorsed by [[Queen Juliana]]. On April 4, 1952, she visited the United States to present a small silver [[bell (musical instrument)|bell]] to President [[Harry S. Truman]] as a token of the carillon that was to come. In ceremonies at [[Meridian Hill Park]] in Washington, D.C., the queen spoke of the importance of the small bells of the future instrument:<ref name="Auto45-1">{{cite web |url=https://home.nps.gov/gwmp/learn/historyculture/netherlandscarillon.htm|title=Netherlands Carillon |date=June 5, 2018 |publisher=National Park Service |access-date=November 12, 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
{{quote|To achieve real harmony, justice should be done also to the small and tiny voices, which are not supported by the might of their weight. Mankind could learn from this. So many voices in our troubled world are still unheard. Let that be an incentive for all of us when we hear the bells ringing.<ref name="Auto45-1"/>}}

Two years later, 49 bells arrived and were installed in [[West Potomac Park]], where they were formally accepted by the United States. The Netherlands did not initially have the money to provide a proper [[campanile]] for the carillon, so it was housed in a temporary structure.<ref name="NPS Report 2019"/> [[Gerrit Rietveld]], a [[Dutch people|Dutch]] furniture designer and architect, was approached to design the campanile, but he was eventually removed from the project because of his perceived [[Communist sympathizer|communist sympathies]].<ref name="Netherlands Carillon book"/> Instead, Dutch architect Joost W.&nbsp;C. Boks designed the carillon's permanent home. The tower was erected just north of [[Arlington National Cemetery]] and south of the [[Marine Corps War Memorial]] and was completed by early 1960. The carillon and new tower received a formal dedication ceremony on May 5, 1960, or the fifteenth anniversary of [[Liberation Day (Netherlands)|Dutch Liberation Day]].<ref name="Auto45-1"/> The inaugural concert was performed by renowned carillonist Charles T. Chapman.<ref name="NPS Report 2019"/>

A [[tulip]] garden was planted in a circular bed immediately to the east of the plaza in 1964, also a gift from the Netherlands. A small successional woodland to the southwest forms the backdrop to the carillon as a result of the 1960s National Capital Parks Planting Plan. Additional landscaped beds in the form of musical notes were planted in 1967 and 1972 as part of [[Lady Bird Johnson]]'s Beautification Program, with a variety of annuals and perennials, in addition to tulips.<ref name="NPS Report 2018">{{cite web |url=https://www.ncpc.gov/files/projects/2018/7969_Netherlands_Carillon_Rehabilitation_Submission_Materials_Apr2018.pdf |title=Rehabilitate Netherlands Carillon to Improve Safety and Visitor Experience |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2018 |publisher=National Park Service |access-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125042949/https://www.ncpc.gov/files/projects/2018/7969_Netherlands_Carillon_Rehabilitation_Submission_Materials_Apr2018.pdf |archive-date=November 25, 2020}}</ref> The program also planted the horseshoe of trees for the campanile's backdrop.<ref name="NPS Report 2019"/>

After its dedication in 1960, the carillon was seldom played. It only performed for Easter Sunday services sponsored by the Arlington Ministerial Association. The few performances were by Frank Péchin Law. He assumed the position of director-carillonist after his instrumental involvement in establishing the "Summer Series of Recitals on the Netherlands Carillon" in July 1963, sponsored by the US Department of the Interior. Every Saturday from July through August, the carillon is played by a guest carillonist, invited by the director-carillonist.<ref name="NPS Report 2019"/> In the early 1970s, the Netherlands Carillon was repainted from a dark bronze to a gray blue color. In 1983, less than twenty-five years after the carillon's construction and after years of pressure from Mr. Law, a major renovation was undertaken to address deterioration of the tower's steel panels. The National Park Service announced a $300,000 ({{Inflation|US|300000|1981|r=-4|fmt=eq}}) renovation plan for the instrument in 1981, but budget issues delayed the project.<ref name="WaPo Promise Care">{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/lets-promise-to-take-care-of-our-new-canal-barge-and-renovated-carillon/2017/03/29/3351b916-130f-11e7-833c-503e1f6394c9_story.html |title=Let's Promise to Take Care of Our New Canal Barge and Renovated Carillon |last=Kelly |first=John |date=March 29, 2017 |website=Washington Post |access-date=November 25, 2020}}</ref> Again, the tower was repainted the light gray blue color, neither time with the approval of the [[Commission of Fine Arts]].<ref name="NPS Report 2018"/> Upon Mr. Law's death in 1985, the Netherlands Carillon fell silent until Edward M. Nassor took over the position of director-carillonist in 1987.<ref name="NPS Report 2019"/>

In the years before the fiftieth anniversary of Dutch Liberation Day in 1995, a group of prominent Dutch businessmen established a foundation to assist in the refurbishment of the carillon and tower, which had not seen major care since 1970. They were motivated by the significance of the meaning behind the Netherlands Carillon to lead this effort. By teaming up with the Netherlands Chamber of Commerce in the United States, the [[Netherland-America Foundation]], and the government of the Netherlands, approximately $1,400,000 ({{Inflation|US|1400000|1995|r=-5|fmt=eq}}{{Inflation/fn|US}}) was raised for the project to move forward.<ref name="WaPo Promise Care"/> The tower was closed for modernization changes, and the original dark bronze color of the tower was restored.<ref name="NPS Report 2018"/> The bells were transported to the Netherlands to be repaired by [[Royal Eijsbouts]], except for the largest thirteen, which remained in the tower and were repaired in place. The original playing keyboard was replaced. Royal Eijsbouts also cast a fiftieth bell in celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of Dutch liberation. It was presented by the Dutch prime minister [[Wim Kok]] to the U.S. president [[Bill Clinton]] on February 28, 1995, and the renovated carillon was dedicated on May 5, 1995.<ref name="Auto45-1"/> After receiving the new bell, President Clinton commented on its significance:

[[File:Wim Kok and Bill Clinton with the Netherlands Carillon's Fiftieth Bell.jpg|thumb|Dutch prime minister [[Wim Kok]] and U.S. president [[Bill Clinton]] pose with the Netherlands Carillon's 50th bell, February 28, 1995]]

{{quote|text=As we move forward to meet the challenges of this new century, it is fitting that we and our Dutch friends will be reminded of the common cause we shared fifty years ago by the sound of this beautiful new bell. May it also be sounding fifty years from now and even beyond.<ref name="Clinton Diplomacy Meeting">{{cite archive |item=The President's News Conference With Prime Minister Wim Kok of The Netherlands |item-url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PPP-1995-book1/html/PPP-1995-book1-doc-pg276.htm |type=textual record |date=February 28, 1995 |pages=276–281 |collection=Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: William J. Clinton (1995, Book I) |institution=U.S. Government Publishing Office}}</ref>}}

The Netherlands Carillon found itself in bad shape again less than twenty years later. Due to severe rusting and fears of structural instability, the tower was closed to the public in the early 2010s. In 2016, the National Park Service and Royal Netherlands Embassy launched a campaign to fundraise money for a $5,800,000 ({{Inflation|US|5800000|2016|r=-5|fmt=eq}}{{Inflation/fn|US}}) restoration of the carillon. The Park Service committed $4&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/netherlands-carillon-supporters-seek-money-for-repairs-restoration/2016/12/21/dc56f778-c7bb-11e6-bf4b-2c064d32a4bf_story.html |title=Netherlands Carillon Supporters Seek Money for Repairs, Restoration |last=Sullivan |first=Patricia |date=December 22, 2016 |website=Washington Post |access-date=November 25, 2020}}</ref> In October 2019, the third renovation of the carillon was officially launched. The National Park Service was tasked with work on the tower, while the Royal Netherlands Embassy was tasked with work on the carillon.<ref name="NintheUSA bell article">{{cite web |url=https://www.nlintheusa.com/new-carillon-bells/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517081457/http://nlintheusa.com/new-carillon-bells/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=May 17, 2020 |title=New Carillon Bells Dedicated to Three Americans |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=April 18, 2020 |website=NL in the USA |publisher=Embassy of the Netherlands |access-date=November 25, 2020}}</ref> The carillon was transported to the [[Royal Eijsbouts]] foundry and arrived on December 3, 2019.<ref>{{cite news |title=Historische klokken terug in Nederland voor opknapbeurt|url=https://www.bd.nl/video/kanalen/eindhovens-dagblad~c417/series/korte-reportage~s967/historische-klokken-terug-in-nederland-voor-opknapbeurt~p116491 |language=nl}}</ref> In celebration of the Dutch "75 Years of Freedom" campaign, the carillon received three new bells with each dedicated to an American who had a significant impact on Dutch and American society: [[General George C. Marshall]], [[Martin Luther King&nbsp;Jr.]], and [[Eleanor Roosevelt]]. The addition of these three bells converted the carillon to a [[concert pitch]] instrument and upgraded it to "grand carillon" status.<ref name="NintheUSA bell article"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/big-bell-theory-the-netherlands-carillon-is-getting-a-musical-upgrade/2020/05/04/943fc1ee-8e1a-11ea-a0bc-4e9ad4866d21_story.html |title=Big bell Theory: The Netherlands Carillon is Getting a Musical Upgrade |last=Kelly |first=John |date=May 4, 2020 |website=Washington Post |access-date=November 25, 2020}}</ref> The tower required extensive restorative work to the steel plates and inner structure of the tower. Additional supports were installed to account for the added weight of the three new bells.

The first carillon at the Arlington National Cemetery was installed by [[Amvets]] in 1949 and dedicated by President Truman.<ref>{{cite web |title=Memorial Carillons |url=https://amvets.org/memorial-carillons/ |website=AMVETS National Headquarters |access-date=13 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==Design and symbolism==
===Carillon===
In the early 1950s, there were three major Dutch bell founders: Van&nbsp;Bergen, [[Royal Eijsbouts]] and [[Petit & Fritsen]]. In order to avoid showing favoritism, all three founders were asked to cast the original forty-nine bells jointly and anonymously between 1952 and 1953.<ref name="NPS Report 2019"/> The total weight of the bells is {{convert|61,403|lb|kg}}, ranging from {{convert|12,654|lb|kg}} for the [[Bourdon (bell)|bourdon]] {{gloss|mode=def|largest}} bell and {{convert|35|lb|kg}} for the smallest. The bells are constructed of a [[bronze]] alloy of approximately four-fifths copper and one-fifth tin. Each bell carries an emblem signifying a group within Dutch society. The verses cast on the bells were composed by the Dutch poet, Ben van&nbsp;Eysselsteijn.<ref name="Auto45-1"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.peacecarillons.org/carillons-and-peace/ww-iI-memorial-carillons/toronto-soldiers-tower-carillon/ |title=Arlington, The Netherlands Carillon (Virginia, USA) |website=War Memorial and Peace Carillons |access-date=November 14, 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|+ class="nowrap" | Original 49 Bells' Dedications and Inscriptions<ref name="NPS Report 2019"/>
|-
|
! scope="col" | [[Note (music)|Note]] (pre–2020)
! scope="col" | [[Pitch (music)|Pitch]] (note post-2020)
! scope="col" | Dedication
! scope="col" | Verse inscription (in English)
|-
! scope="row" | 1
| B{{music|b}} || G || [[Netherlands Antilles]]
|| {{Poem quote|Islands over the ocean
shining in the sun—
your wishes, hope and wanting, Antilles,
shall ring out in my voice.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 2
| C || A || [[South Holland]]
|| {{Poem quote|Shoulder to shoulder
in Union is strength.
We join hands
working and praying.
Everybody must see:
We are with you, free America.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 3
| D || B || [[North Holland]]
|| {{Poem quote|You brought deliverance
after the fearful dark
of hunger, pain and shame:
My bell
tolls the gratitude
of free Holland.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 4
| D{{music|#}} || C || [[Overyssel]]
|| {{Poem quote|The lion striding of the Yssel
unites what was once divided
and binds us in holy understanding:
unity is built on harmony.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 5
| E || C{{music|#}} || [[Gelderland]]
|| {{Poem quote|Voice cast from fire and steel
echo the old call:
Gelre! Gelre! With all out might,
we shall defend our freedom.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 6
| F || D || [[North Brabant]]
|| {{Poem quote|From [[John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter|Duke John]] to our day
Brabant has taught us:
freedom can be suppressed
but it will rise again.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 7
| F{{music|#}} || D{{music|#}} || [[Groningen (province)|Groningen]]
|| {{Poem quote|Voice of town and country,
sound through me—
help from shores across the sea
fought for your liberation.
For a world without shame
free of fear and free of chains
we battle.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 8
| G || E || [[Utrecht (province)|Utrecht]]
|| {{Poem quote|Tower of the [[Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht|grey bishopric]]
which points towards heaven.
Thus pointing, hoping, we fought
to free the seat of Holland’s unity.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 9
| G{{music|#}} || F || [[Limburg (Netherlands)|Limburg]]
|| {{Poem quote|High on the mountain, deep in the nine
around the silent [[Basilica of Saint Servatius|shrine of St. Servatius]]:
Limburg! I will be your voice.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 10
| A || F{{music|#}} || [[Friesland]]
|| {{Poem quote|Proud Friesland says:
Bear your fate in silence and strength;
Be no one’s master, no one’s slave
and kneel for the Lord only.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 11
| A{{music|#}} || G || [[Zeeland|Zealand]]
|| {{Poem quote|Enemy and water
regretted it later:
The victor of today thinks himself a hero,
but tomorrow he is beaten himself.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 12
| B || G{{music|#}} || [[Drenthe]]
|| {{Poem quote|Once undergrowth, heath and shifting sands,
now the provider of Dutch rye;
This miracle was wrought by Drenthe.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 13
| C || A || Mining industry
|| {{Poem quote|I call, I am
the voice of those
who wring warmth, light and prosperity
from the depth of the earth.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 14
| C{{music|#}} || A{{music|#}} || Commerce
|| {{Poem quote|Holland is built on commerce;
Look ahead; Do not be narrow-minded or small;
Be moderate:
Investment comes before profits.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 15
| D || B || Industry
|| {{Poem quote|Industrious people, now liberated;
Work, work always:
Dutch effort
make Holland strong.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 16
| D{{music|#}} || C || Merchant marine
|| {{Poem quote|You who set your course between the stars and the waves,
pray the Lord for protection and a favorable wind.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 17
| E || C{{music|#}} || Finance industry
|| {{Poem quote|If you own money, it obeys and follows you.
If money owns you: Obey it and it will swallow you.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 18
| F || D || Aviation industry
|| {{Poem quote|High bridge from nation to nation
over seas, over clouds,
The engines
say it:
Holland is prepared
for new times.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 19
| F{{music|#}} || D{{music|#}} || [[Royal Netherlands Navy]]
|| {{Poem quote|From the days of [[Michiel de Ruyter|Admiral De Ruyter]] to the present time:
We still roam the seas as the lion the jungle.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 20
| G || E || [[Royal Netherlands Army]]
|| {{Poem quote|If possible
hoist the flag
in peace.
If it has to be
do your work well
and resist bravely.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 21
| G{{music|#}} || F || [[Royal Netherlands Air Force]]
|| {{Poem quote|Higher than eagles be your flight
swift rulers of clouds and sky;
Keep tyrants
from our borders.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 22
| A || F{{music|#}} || Civil servants
|| {{Poem quote|Army of peace:
Civil servants;
The ship of State will have a safe course
as long as you support law and peace.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 23
| A{{music|#}} || G || Women's organizations
|| {{Poem quote|You who are strong and independent
and with understanding hearts:
Free women,
help us to build
a better world in a new age.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 24
| B || G{{music|#}} || [[Roosteren]]
|| {{Poem quote|Thou who hath liberated us
and guided us miraculously
through the battle
in anxious times.
praise be to Thee in eternity}}
|-
! scope="row" | 25
| C || A || Transportation industry
|| {{Poem quote|Time and distance vanish,
mankind goes ever faster;
But if this does not bring us peace
it does not help us.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 26
| C{{music|#}} || A{{music|#}} || Middle class
|| {{Poem quote|Holland vanishes
if the middle-class languishes.
If it grows,
then Holland blooms.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 27
| D || B || Trades
|| {{Poem quote|Never, apprentices, is labor disgraceful or petty.
Watch the masters, follow their example.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 28
| D{{music|#}} || C || Communication industry
|| {{Poem quote|Messenger of the gods with swift winged feet,
may nations and peoples meet because of your flight.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 29
| E || C{{music|#}} || Fishing industry
|| {{Poem quote|Lakes and seas are their hunting grounds,
fish is their game,
clouds and waves are their spacious domain.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 30
| F || D || Farming industry
|| {{Poem quote|They who resolutely sow the new seed.
will reap a rich harvest, with the help of the Lord.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 31
| F{{music|#}} || D{{music|#}} || Horticulture
|| {{Poem quote|You who feed the cities, listen to my praising voice,
[[Westland (municipality), Netherlands|Westland]] and [[Neder-Betuwe|Betuwe]], gardens full of fruit.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 32
| G || E || Arts
|| {{Poem quote|The breath of God is in their work and shows us,
how they create for us out of nothing.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 33
| G{{music|#}} || F || Sciences
|| {{Poem quote|Torch, preserve your light; we pass you on;
without you there is darkness; be our guide of light.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 34
| A || F{{music|#}} || Education
|| {{Poem quote|Make us share
in the truth,
teach us earnestly
to understand life.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 35
| A{{music|#}} || G || Commercial arts
|| {{Poem quote|Beauty, adorn our life
by your nearness,
stay with us
in everything.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 36
| B || G{{music|#}} || Sport
|| {{Poem quote|The same purpose makes us a unity;
It is the game which unites us.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 37
| C || A || Students
|| {{Poem quote|The future works with both head and hands
for the common wealth of all free nations.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 38
| C{{music|#}} || A{{music|#}} || Youth
|| {{Poem quote|We twelve are jubilant in swift and joyful tones:
the high voices of the youth of the Netherlands.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 39
| D || B || Youth
|| {{Poem quote|Out of nostalgia
a name was born.
We and Orange
belong together.
The fortieth bell.
Suffer less than we do,
do better than we did:
bring peace!}}
|-
! scope="row" | 40
| D{{music|#}} || C || Youth
|| {{Poem quote|(None)}}
|-
! scope="row" | 41
| E || C{{music|#}} || Youth
|| {{Poem quote|Do like the bird of dawn:
watch your time and your ground.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 42
| F || D || Youth
|| {{Poem quote|Do not remain in dream,
flower and seed;
You are the future,
the deeds.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 43
| F{{music|#}} || D{{music|#}} || Youth
|| {{Poem quote|Posterity full of hope,
spread your wings wide:
The world is waiting.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 44
| G || E || Youth
|| {{Poem quote|A free people:
a gay people.
A working people:
a strong people.
}}
|-
! scope="row" | 45
| G{{music|#}} || F || Youth
|| {{Poem quote|Both of these you will learn:
to blossom, and to defend yourself.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 46
| A || F{{music|#}} || Youth
|| {{Poem quote|Be like lambs in the pasture:
playful, free and without cares.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 47
| A{{music|#}} || G || Youth
|| {{Poem quote|Flower at the stream:
enjoy your May;
Your autumn will come later.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 48
| B || G{{music|#}} || Youth
|| {{Poem quote|Graceful, agile and swift
be your life and your play.}}
|-
! scope="row" | 49
| C || A || Youth
|| {{Poem quote|I am the smallest,
the purest.}}
|}

A fiftieth bell, cast by Royal Eijsbouts, was added following Dutch- and American-sponsored renovations in 1995, and dedicated on May 5, the 50th anniversary of the [[liberation of the Netherlands]]. It is two [[semitones]] higher in pitch than the lightest of the original 49 bells. The years "1945" and "1995" and the words "freedom" and "friendship" are inscribed on this bell.<ref name="Birth Bells Video">{{cite AV media |date=August 2, 2017 |title=The Birth of Three Bells for the Netherlands Carillon |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rt0TTb9GRZI | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113213128/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rt0TTb9GRZI| archive-date=2020-11-13 | url-status=dead|access-date=November 12, 2020 |format=YouTube video |publisher=NLintheUSA}}</ref>

The 2019–21 renovation increased the size of the carillon to 53 bells, all cast by Royal Eijsbouts, and converted the instrument to [[concert pitch]].<ref name="TowerBells page">{{cite web |url=http://www.towerbells.org/data/VAARLING.HTM |title=Netherlands Carillon |website=Tower Bells |access-date=November 12, 2020}}</ref> These three additional bells are dedicated jointly to "75 Years of Freedom" and individually to people who had a major impact on the Netherlands and the United States during and after World War II: 1) [[General George C. Marshall]] for his role in the [[Marshall Plan]], from which the Netherlands received over $1&nbsp;billion for post-war reconstruction efforts; 2) the [[Martin Luther King&nbsp;Jr.]], for his role as the voice of the American civil rights movement; and 3) [[Eleanor Roosevelt]], for her role as an advocate for social justice and human rights.<ref name="Birth Bells Video"/>

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|+ "75 Years of Freedom" bells cast for the Netherlands Carillon in 2020
|-
! scope="col" | Namesake inscription
! scope="col" | [[Pitch (music)|Pitch]]<ref>{{Citation |last=Ellis |first=Laura |title=New Bells for Netherlands Carillon |newspaper=Carillon News |publisher=[[The Guild of Carillonneurs in North America]] |date=November 2020 |url=https://www.gcna.org/resources/Documents/Carillon-News-2020-11.pdf |access-date=November 24, 2020}}</ref>
! scope="col" | Weight
! scope="col" | Diameter
! scope="col" | Additional inscriptions
|-
! scope="row" | [[General George C. Marshall]]
| B{{Music|b}}0 || {{convert|7,595|lb|kg|abbr=on}}|| {{convert|5|ft|9|in|m|abbr=on}} || Classic Dutch imagery and [[Coat of arms of the Netherlands|coat of arms]] on upper rim; "75 Years of Freedom" logo
|-
! scope="row" | [[Martin Luther King&nbsp;Jr.]]
| B{{Music|b}}4 || {{convert|37.5|lb|kg|abbr=on}}|| {{convert|9.25|in|cm|abbr=on}} || Dutch coat of arms, the year "2020"
|-
! scope="row" | [[Eleanor Roosevelt]]
| C5 || {{convert|26.5|lb|kg|abbr=on}}|| {{convert|8.25|in|cm|abbr=on}} || Dutch coat of arms, the year "2020"
|}

===Tower===
The carillon's bells hang dead in a tower approximately {{convert|127|ft|m}} high, {{convert|36|ft|m}} long, and {{convert|25|ft|m}} wide. The original plans had called for the structure to be {{convert|270|ft|m}} tall, but was then reduced after receiving concerns about its height in relationship to the [[Lincoln Memorial]] from the Commission of Fine Arts.<ref name="NPS Report 2019"/> The tower is an open steel structure reinforced by steel plates and a bronze baked-enamel finish. It was designed by renowned Dutch architect Joost W.&nbsp;C. Boks (1904–1986) and constructed in 1960. At the base of the tower, a rectangular staircase leads to an [[observation deck]] {{convert|60|ft|m}} off the ground. From there, a spiral staircase winds further upward to a second observatory {{convert|83|ft|m}} off the ground. The playing cabin sits in the center of the upper observation deck. At the base of the tower, a large inscription reads "From the People of the Netherlands to the People of the United States of America."<ref name="Auto45-1"/> The interconnecting lines and rectangles of the structure's frame echo the work of Dutch abstract painter [[Piet Mondrian]]. The tower's design also reflects the rejection of classical European architecture, which, in the years immediately following [[World War&nbsp;II]], was associated with [[fascism|fascist]] regimes.<ref name="Virginia DHR">{{cite web |url=https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/000-9707/ |title=Arlington Ridge Park |date=April 1, 2020 |website=Virginia Department of Historic Resources |access-date=November 14, 2020}}</ref> The Netherlands Carillon is the first modernist steel memorial associated with the otherwise classical stone architecture found on the [[National Mall]].<ref>{{Cite sign |title=Modern Liberation |year=2020 |type=Plaque on carillon grounds |publisher=National Park Service |location=[[Arlington Ridge Park]]}}</ref>

===Grounds===
[[File:Arlington, VA, USA - panoramio (8).jpg|thumb|The Netherlands Carillon's bronze lions overlooking the garden of tulips.]]
The Netherlands Carillon stands on a {{convert|93|sqft|m2}} [[quartzite]] plaza and is enclosed by a low lava stone wall. Two bronze lions, which represent the [[Monarchy of the Netherlands|Dutch royal family]],<ref name="Carillon Sign Harmony">{{Cite sign |title=Harmony of Friendship |year=2020 |type=Plaque on carillon grounds |publisher=National Park Service |location=[[Arlington Ridge Park]]}}</ref> guard the entrance to the plaza. They were designed by Dutch sculptor Paul Philip Koning. The Netherlands Carillon is located just north of [[Arlington National Cemetery]] and south of the [[Marine Corps War Memorial]]. It is administered by the National Park Service as part of the [[George Washington Memorial Parkway]] complex in [[Arlington Ridge Park]].<ref name="Auto45-1"/>

A [[tulip]] library was planted in a circular bed immediately to the east of the plaza in 1964. As they are culturally and economically significant to the Netherlands, ten thousand tulips are planted in these gardens each year. In 1967 and 1972, First Lady [[Lady Bird Johnson]]'s Beautification Program embellished the carillon grounds with new flower gardens in the shape of musical notes. These gardens are planted with tulips and other [[Perennial plant|perennials]] and [[Annual plant|annuals]].<ref name="Virginia DHR"/><ref name="Carillon Sign Harmony"/> The program also planted the horseshoe of trees surrounding the backdrop of the campanile.<ref name="NPS Report 2019"/>

==Concerts==
The Netherlands Carillon keeps time throughout the day by playing the [[Westminster Quarters]] on the hours and quarters. The carillon plays several automated concerts each day and on significant days in Dutch and American culture:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/gwmp/planyourvisit/carillon_concerts.htm |title=Netherlands Carillon Concerts |date=July 6, 2015 |publisher=National Park Service |access-date=November 13, 2020}}</ref>

[[File:Bellcontrols.jpg|thumb|right|The keyboard through which the Netherlands Carillon can be played manually.]]
{{Listen
| header       = Recordings of performances on the Netherlands Carillon in August 2012
| type         = music
| filename     = Twinkle Twinkle Little Star on the Netherlands Carillon.ogg
| title        = Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star
| description  = Lisa Lonie plays "[[Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star]]," as arranged by [[John Courter]].
| filename2    = Ode to Joy on the Netherlands Carillon.ogg
| title2       = Ode to Joy
| description2 = Lisa Lonie plays the Ode to Joy theme from [[Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)|Beethoven's Symphony No. 9]], as arranged by Frank DellaPenna.
| filename3    = "Frolic" from "Music for Twilight" on the Netherlands Carillon.ogg
| title3       = "Frolic" from ''Music for Twilight''
| description3 = Lisa Lonie plays "Frolic" from Frank DellaPenna's ''Music for Twilight''.
}}

* Mondays through Saturdays at noon and 6:00 PM
** Medley of armed forces anthems
** [[Stars and Stripes Forever]]
* Sundays at noon
** [[Star-Spangled Banner]]
** [[Wilhelmus]] (the Dutch [[national anthem]])
** Stars and Stripes Forever
* Sundays at 6:00 PM
** Star-Spangled Banner
** [[America the Beautiful]]
** [[Eternal Father, Strong to Save|Eternal Father, Strong To Save (the Navy Hymn)]]
* May 5 ([[Liberation Day (Netherlands)|Dutch Liberation Day]]) at noon and 6:00 PM
** Star-Spangled Banner
** Wilhelmus (the Dutch national anthem)
* September 2 at 9:04 AM (The time at which the [[Surrender of Japan|Japanese Instrument of Surrender was signed]] aboard the USS Missouri in 1945.)
** Star-Spangled Banner
** America the Beautiful
** Eternal Father, Strong To Save
* [[Thanksgiving]] Day at noon and 6:00 PM
** [[Simple Gifts]]
** [[We Gather Together]]
* December 31 at 6:00 PM
** [[Auld Lang Syne]]

During the months of June, July, and August, director-carillonist Edward Nassor organizes weekly concerts and recitals on Saturday afternoons. Carillonists from across the world are invited to play various styles of music each week. A schedule of concerts and visiting carillonists is published on the [https://www.nps.gov/gwmp/planyourvisit/carillon_concerts.htm National Park Service's website] in the months before the season begins.

==See also==
* [[Netherlands–United States relations]]
* Other war memorial carillons
** [[National War Memorial (New Zealand)]]
** [[Netherlands Centennial Carillon]]
* [[List of carillons in the United States]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Netherlands Carillon}}
* [https://www.nps.gov/gwmp/learn/historyculture/netherlandscarillon.htm National Park Service official site]
* [https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-accepting-carillon-presented-the-people-the-united-states-the-people-the President Truman's full remarks on accepting the Netherlands Carillon, April 4, 1952]
* [https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/exchange-messages-between-the-president-and-queen-juliana-upon-completion-the-monument Correspondence between President Eisenhower and Queen Juliana upon the finished campanile, May 5, 1960]
* [https://www.flickr.com/photos/nlintheusa/albums/72157711438963402 Flickr album of the 2019–21 renovation of the Netherlands Carillon]
* [https://www.flickr.com/photos/nlintheusa/albums/72157668141422326 Flickr album of the 2016 Dutch Remembrance Day ceremonies at the Netherlands Carillon]

{{Washington DC landmarks}}
{{Netherlands–United States relations}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:1960 establishments in Virginia]]
[[Category:1960 sculptures]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Arlington County, Virginia]]
[[Category:Carillons]]
[[Category:Diplomatic gifts]]
[[Category:George Washington Memorial Parkway]]
[[Category:Monuments and memorials in Virginia]]
[[Category:Netherlands–United States relations]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Arlington County, Virginia]]
[[Category:Towers completed in 1960]]
[[Category:World War II memorials in the United States]]