View source for Netherlands Antillean guilder

{{Short description|Currency of Curaçao and Sint Maarten}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox currency
| local_name1 = Antilliaanse gulden
| local_name_lang1 = nl
| local_name2 = florin antiano
| local_name_lang2 = pap
| image_1 = Netherlands Antilles 10 gulden bill.jpg
| image_title_1 = Modern 10 guilder note, in circulation 2009
| image_2 = 100NAFl.jpg
| image_title_2 = Modern 100 guilder note, in circulation 2009
| iso_code = ANG
| using_countries = ''{{CUW}}'' and<br />
''{{SXM}}''<br />
{{ANT}}<br />
:until 10 October 2010
{{BES}}<br />
:until 1 January 2011
| date_of_withdrawal = {{End date|2025|6|30|df=y}}
| replaced_by_currency = [[Caribbean guilder]]<br />[[United States dollar]]
| mint_website = {{URL|www.knm.nl}}
| inflation_rate = 3.6%
| inflation_source_date = [http://www.centralbank.cw/tablepopup.php?file=/qb/20061/index-03.htm Bank van de Nederlandse Antillen], 2006 Q1
| inflation_method = [[Consumer price index|CPI]]
| pegged_with = [[United States dollar|U.S. dollar]] = ''ƒ''1.79
| subunit_ratio_1 = {{frac|1|100}}
| subunit_name_1 = [[Cent (currency)|cent]]
| symbol = NAƒ, NAf, ''ƒ'' or f
| plural = guilders
| plural_subunit_1 = cents
| used_coins = 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 cent, ''ƒ''1, {{frac|''ƒ''2|1|2}}, ''ƒ''5
| frequently_used_banknotes = ''ƒ''10, ''ƒ''25, ''ƒ''50, ''ƒ''100
| issuing_authority = [[Central Bank of Curaçao and Sint Maarten]]
| issuing_authority_website = {{URL|www.centralbank.cw}}
| printer = [[Joh. Enschedé]]
| printer_website = {{URL|www.joh-enschede.nl}}
| mint = [[Royal Dutch Mint]]
}}

The '''Netherlands Antillean guilder''' ({{langx|nl|gulden}}; {{langx|pap|florin}}) is a [[currency]] of [[Curaçao]] and [[Sint Maarten]], which until 2010 formed the [[Netherlands Antilles]] along with [[Bonaire]], [[Saba (island)|Saba]], and [[Sint Eustatius]]. It is subdivided into 100 ''cents'' (Dutch plural: ''centen''). The [[guilder]] was replaced on 1 January 2011 on the islands of Bonaire, Saba and Sint Eustatius by the [[United States dollar]].<ref name="watiserveranderd">{{in lang|nl}} Rijksoverheid.nl – [http://www.rijksoverheid.nl/documenten-en-publicaties/vragen-en-antwoorden/wat-is-er-veranderd-sinds-de-staatkundige-herindeling-van-het-koninkrijk-der-nederlanden.html Wat is er veranderd sinds de staatkundige herindeling van het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden?] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320054536/http://www.rijksoverheid.nl/documenten-en-publicaties/vragen-en-antwoorden/wat-is-er-veranderd-sinds-de-staatkundige-herindeling-van-het-koninkrijk-der-nederlanden.html |date=20 March 2012 }}</ref>

In Curaçao and Sint Maarten, a new currency, the [[Caribbean guilder]], was proposed,<ref name="watiserveranderd" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dushi-curacao.info/archive-2011/antilliaanse-gulden-wordt-aangehouden-in-2012.html|title=Antilliaanse gulden wordt aangehouden in 2012|date=14 September 2011|access-date=28 September 2011|work=dushi-curacao.info|language=nl}}</ref> but had been stalled repeatedly by negotiations over the establishment of a separate [[central bank]] for Curaçao.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://curacaochronicle.com/main/jardim-research-monetary-union-is-not-a-priority/ |title=Jardim: Research Monetary Union Is Not A Priority |publisher=Curaçao Chronicle |date=15 July 2015 |access-date=31 December 2015}}</ref> In November 2020, the Central Bank announced the introduction of the replacement guilder, which was planned for implementation in the first half of 2021;<ref name=stmaarten>{{cite news |title=Central Bank announces introduction of Caribbean Guilder in 2021 |url=https://stmaartennews.com/news/central-bank-announces-introduction-of-caribbean-guilder-in-2021/ |access-date=8 December 2020 |work=StMaartenNews.com |date=15 November 2020}}</ref> however, release of the new currency was delayed several times. The new guilder was eventually launched on 31 March 2025.<ref name="FAQ2">{{Cite web|title=Frequently Asked Questions|url=https://exch.centralbank.cw/functions/banknotes-coins/caribbean-guilder/frequently-asked-questions |access-date=30 June 2024 |publisher=[[Central Bank of Curaçao and Sint Maarten]]|location=Willemstad}}</ref> However the old guilders can still be used until 30 June 2025.

== Naming ==
In [[Papiamentu]], the local language of [[Aruba]], [[Bonaire]] and [[Curaçao]], the guilder is called a "florin".<ref>Ratzlaff, Betty. ''Papiamentu/Ingles Dikshonario'', second print, pg. 81, {{ISBN|99904-0-030-X}}</ref> The first two letters of the currency's [[ISO 4217]] code, ANG, are the [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2]] code [[ISO 3166-2:AN|assigned to the Netherlands Antilles]], and the third letter, G, comes from '''G'''ulden. NAFl, sometimes used as an abbreviation for the currency, is derived from '''N'''etherlands '''A'''ntilles '''Fl'''orin.{{Citation needed|reason=Is numbering real? Florin: Aruba not Antilles|date=June 2019}}

==History==
In the 18th century, the [[Dutch guilder]] circulated in the Netherlands Antilles. This was supplemented in 1794 by an issue of coins specific for the Dutch holdings in the West Indies. At this time, the guilder was subdivided into 20 ''stuiver''.

Between 1799 and 1828, the ''[[Curaçao reaal|reaal]]'' circulated on the islands, with 1 reaal = 6 stuiver or {{frac|3|1|3}} reaal = 1 guilder. The Dutch guilder was reintroduced in 1828, subdivided into 100 cents. When currency began again to be issued specifically for use in the Netherlands Antilles, it was issued in the name of [[Curaçao and Dependencies|Curaçao]], with the first banknotes and coins, denominated in the Dutch currency, introduced in 1892 and 1900, respectively. The name "Netherlands Antilles" (''Nederlandse Antillen'') was introduced in 1952.

In 1940, following the [[Nazi Germany|German]] occupation of the Netherlands, the link to the Dutch currency was broken, with a peg to the [[United States dollar|U.S. dollar]] of 1.88585 guilders = 1 dollar established. The peg was adjusted to 1.79 guilders = 1 dollar in 1971.

In 1986, [[Aruba]] gained a ''status aparte'' and left the Netherlands Antilles. Shortly after that, Aruba began to issue its own currency, the [[Aruban florin]], which replaced the Netherlands Antillean guilder at par.

In 2011, a year after the [[dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles]], Bonaire, Saba and Sint Eustatius [[dollarization|switched to the United States dollar]], and the Netherlands Antillean guilder ceased to be legal tender in those territories.

Curaçao and Sint Maarten intended to replace their currency, ceasing its production{{clarify|date=April 2025}}, but {{as of|2020|12|lc=y}}, these territories were still using the Antillean guilder. Current banknotes and coins now require replacement,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://curacaochronicle.com/economy/banknotes-and-coins-should-soon-be-replaced/ |title=Banknotes and coins should soon be replaced |work=Curaçao Chronicle |date=15 February 2016}}</ref> and only two years of Antilles guilder physical currency remaining for use. In 2018 there was talk that the islands could opt for the [[euro]] or possibly the US dollar in lieu of implementing their own new currency.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/77595-only-two-years-worth-of-antillean-guilders-left |title=Only two years worth of Antillean guilders left |work=The Daily Herald |date=13 June 2018}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019031147/https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/77595-only-two-years-worth-of-antillean-guilders-left |date=19 October 2019 }}</ref>

In November 2019, Curaçao Finance Minister Kenneth Gijsbertha confirmed the introduction of the Caribbean guilder,<ref>{{cite news |title=Caribbean guilder becomes reality |url=https://www.curacaochronicle.com/post/local/caribbean-guilder-becomes-reality/ |access-date=8 December 2020 |work=Curaçao Chronicle |date=14 November 2019}}</ref> and the Central Bank announced the same a year later.<ref name=stmaarten/>

By August 2021, it was reported that the new guilder was expected to launch in either 2023 or 2024.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.curacaochronicle.com/post/local/doornbosch-curacao-economy-for-80-percent-of-foreign-exchange-reserves-and-sint-maarten-20-percent/ |title=Doornbosch: 'Curaçao economy for 80 percent of foreign exchange reserves and Sint Maarten 20 percent' |access-date=10 October 2021 |work=Curaçao Chronicle |date=17 August 2021}}</ref> In September 2022, however, CBCS announced an introduction date of 2024.<ref>{{cite press release |title=CBCS moves ahead with the Introduction of the Caribbean Guilder |url=https://cdn.centralbank.cw/media/press_releases_2022/20220905_pb2022_033_cbcs_continues_project_cmg_en.pdf |work=Central Bank of Curaçao and Sint Maarten |date=5 September 2022}}</ref> Then in July 2023, its release was postponed to 2025 at the latest.<ref>{{cite news |title=Introduction of Caribbean Guilder delayed again, possibly pushed to 2025 |url=https://www.curacaochronicle.com/post/local/introduction-of-caribbean-guilder-delayed-again-possibly-pushed-to-2025/ |access-date=20 September 2023 |work=Curaçao Chronicle |date=13 July 2023}}</ref> Indeed, by June 2024, that guilder was planned to be introduced on 31 March 2025. After the introduction of the [[Caribbean guilder]], the Netherlands Antillean guilder remains legal tender until 30 June 2025.<ref name="FAQ2"/>

==Coins==
[[File:Netherlands Antilles coin.jpg|thumb|A one cent coin from 1998.]]
In 1794, silver coins were issued for use in the Dutch West Indies in denominations of 2 stuiver, {{frac|1|4}}, 1, and 3 guilders. The Dutch guilder was reintroduced in 1828, and some 1 guilder coins were cut into quarters and stamped with a "C" in 1838 to produce {{frac|1|4}}-guilder coins.

In 1900 and 1901, silver {{frac|1|10}} and {{frac|1|4}}-guilder coins were introduced, which circulated alongside Dutch coins. Following the German occupation of the Netherlands and the separation of the Netherlands Antillean currency from the Dutch, a bronze 1-cent coin was introduced in 1942, followed by a cupro-nickel 5-cent coin in 1943. Bronze {{frac|2|1|2}} cent and silver 1 and {{frac|2|1|2}} guilders were introduced in 1944.  The coinage of 1941–44 was minted in the United States and carried "P" or "D" [[mintmark]]s, and for most denominations a small [[palm tree]]. This money was also intended for use in [[Suriname]].  The alternate Dutch names for some of these coins are: 5 cent—[[stuiver]]; 10 cent—[[dubbeltje]]; 25 cent—[[kwartje]]; and {{frac|2|1|2}} guilders—[[rijksdaalder]].

From 1952, the name "Nederlandse Antillen" appeared on the coins. In 1970, nickel replaced silver, although the {{frac|2|1|2}}-guilder coin was not reintroduced until 1978. [[Aluminium]] 1 and {{frac|2|1|2}} cents were introduced in 1979. In 1989, aluminium 1 and 5 cents, nickel-bonded-steel 10 and 25 cents, and aureate-steel 50 cents, 1 and {{frac|2|1|2}} guilders were introduced. Aureate-steel 5-guilder coins followed in 1998.

{|class="wikitable"
|align="center"|[[File:Na5guilder.png|100px]]
|align="center"|[[File:Na5guilderobverse.png|100px]]
|The five-guilder coin is produced from aureate steel. The spots on the obverse are the result of corrosion, and are not a typical feature of the coin. Octagonal ridges are built into the face to help distinguish it from the similar one-guilder coin. The obverse features [[Beatrix of the Netherlands]], while the reverse has the coat of arms of the Netherlands Antilles.
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Na1guilder.png|100px]]
|align="center"|[[File:Na1guilderobverse.png|100px]]
|The one-guilder coin is produced from aureate steel. The obverse features [[Beatrix of the Netherlands]], while the reverse has the coat of arms of the Netherlands Antilles.
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Na50cent.png|100px]]
|align="center"|[[File:Na50centobverse.png|100px]]
|The 50-cent coin is diamond-shaped. It is the only modern Antillean coin in this form, but an earlier version of the five-cent piece was also in this shape.
|}
==Gallery of coins==
<gallery>
Image:1cgul.jpg|1 cent
Image:5cgul.jpg|5 cent (stuiver)
Image:10cgul.jpg|10 cent (dubbeltje)
Image:25cgul.jpg|25 cent (kwartje)
Image:50cgul.jpg|50 cent
Image:1fl.jpg|1 gulden
Image:25gul.jpg|2½ gulden (rijksdaalder)
Image:5gul.jpg|5 gulden
</gallery>

==Banknotes==
In 1892, the ''Curaçaosche Bank'' introduced notes in denominations of 25 and 50 cents, 1 and {{frac|2|1|2}} guilders. This was the only issue of the cent denominations. Notes for 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 250 and 500 guilders followed in 1900. The 1 and {{frac|2|1|2}} guilder notes were suspended after 1920 but reintroduced by the government in 1942 as ''muntbiljet''.

From 1954, the name "Nederlandse Antillen" appeared on the reverse of the notes of the Curaçaosche Bank and, from 1955, the muntbiljet ({{frac|2|1|2}} guilders only) was issued in the name of the Nederlandse Antillen. In 1962, the bank's name was changed to the ''Bank van de Nederlandse Antillen''. Starting in 1969, notes dated 28 AUGUSTUS 1967 began to be introduced. The front of these notes all feature the Statuut monument at front left instead of the allegorical seated woman found on the preceding issues, and on the back there is a new coat of arms.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Linzmayer | first1 = Owen | title = The Banknote Book | chapter = Netherlands Antilles | publisher = www.BanknoteNews.com | year = 2012 | location = San Francisco, CA | url = http://www.banknotebook.com}}</ref> In 1970, a final issue of muntbiljet was made in denominations of both 1 and {{frac|2|1|2}} guilders. The 500 guilder note was not issued after 1962. The 5 and the 250 guilder notes were not issued after 1998. The 5 guilder was replaced with a coin.

{|class="wikitable"
!Image!!width=300|Notes
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Netherlands Antilles 10 gulden bill.jpg|200px]]||The 10 guilder note is illustrated with a [[hummingbird]]. Security features include a surface foil tag, an embedded hologram under the hummingbird, and an orange moiré pattern contrasting with the green note.
|-
|align="center"|[[File:25NAFl.jpg|200px]] ||The 25 guilder note is illustrated with a [[American flamingo|Caribbean flamingo]]. Security features include a surface foil tag, an embedded hologram under the flamingo, and a green moiré pattern contrasting with the pink note.
|-
|align="center"|[[File:50NAFl.jpg|200px]]||The 50 guilder note has an [[rufous-collared sparrow]] on the face. Security features include a surface foil tag, an embedded hologram under the sparrow, and a green moiré pattern contrasting with the orange note.
|-
|align="center"|[[File:100NAFl.jpg|200px]]||The 100 guilder note has a [[bananaquit]] on the face. Security features include a surface foil tag, an embedded hologram under the bananaquit, and a green moiré pattern contrasting with the brown note. 
|}

{{Exchange rate|ANG|EUR|JPY|USD}}

==See also==
*[[Economy of the Netherlands Antilles]]
*[[Central banks and currencies of the Caribbean]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
*{{numis cite SCWC|date=1979}}
*{{numis cite SCWC|date=1991}}
*{{numis cite SCWPM|date=1994}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}
* [http://www.bis-ans-ende-der-welt.net/Curacao-B-En.htm Banknotes of the Netherlands Antilles]
* [http://www.banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AME/NAN/NAN.htm All banknotes]

{{Guilder}}
{{Currencies of the Americas}}
{{Portal bar|Caribbean|Money|Netherlands|Numismatics}}

[[Category:Currencies of the Caribbean]]
[[Category:Fixed exchange rate]]
[[Category:Economy of the Netherlands Antilles]]
[[Category:Currencies of the Kingdom of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Currencies introduced in 1892]]
[[Category:Circulating currencies]]
[[Category:Guilder]]