View source for Nepali Congress

{{Short description|Social democratic political party in Nepal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox political party
| name             = Nepal Congress
| flag             = Nepali Congress flag.svg{{!}}border
| logo             = Nepalese Election Symbol Tree Green.svg
| colorcode        = {{party color|Nepali Congress}}
| president        = [[Sher Bahadur Deuba]]
| presidium        = Central Working Committee
| leader1_title    = Vice-president
| leader1_name     = [[Purna Bahadur Khadka]]<br />[[Dhanraj Gurung]]
| leader2_title    = General Secretary
| leader2_name     = [[Gagan Thapa]]<br />[[Bishwa Prakash Sharma]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Central Working Committee|url=http://www.nepalicongress.org/index.php?linkId=26|website=Nepali Congress|access-date=19 April 2018}}</ref>
| ideology         = {{Nowrap|[[Social democracy]]<br>'''Factions:'''<br>[[Democratic socialism]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Rishi |date=12 August 2006 |title=NC-NC (D) unity should spur change: Poudel |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/nc-nc-d-unity-should-spur-change-poudel |access-date=4 August 2023 |website=The Himalayan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2022 |title=BP Koirala's socialism: What Nepal needs now for the dream to materialise - OnlineKhabar English News |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/bp-koirala-socialism-nepal.html |access-date=4 August 2023 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name="history">[http://www.nepalicongress.org/files/introduction.php "Nepali Congress, An Introduction"]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110208031552/http://www.nepalicongress.org/files/introduction.php|date=8 February 2011}}. Nepali Congress. Retrieved 14 July 2021.</ref><br />[[Third Way]]<ref name="Acharya"/>}}
| headquarters     = B.P. Smriti Bhawan,<br />B.P. Nagar, [[Lalitpur, Nepal|Lalitpur]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Contacts|url=http://www.nepalicongress.org/index.php?linkId=66|website=Nepali Congress|access-date=8 June 2017}}</ref>
| think_tank       = Policy Research and Training Centre<ref>{{cite web | url=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/diaspora/465041-1614152123.html | title=१६ देशमा कांग्रेस केन्द्रीय नीति अनुसन्धान तथा प्रशिक्षण प्रतिष्ठान विस्तार }}</ref>
| regional         = [[Network of Social Democracy in Asia]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://socdemasia.com/about | title=About }}</ref>
| international    = [[Socialist International]]<br />[[Progressive Alliance (political international)|Progressive Alliance]]
| membership_year  = December 2021
| membership       = {{increase}} 870,106
| website          = {{url|nepalicongress.org}}
| country          = Nepal
| abbreviation     = NC
| native_name      = नेपाली कांग्रेस<br>Nēpālī kāṅgrēs
| leader4_title    = Spokesperson
| leader4_name     = [[Prakash Sharan Mahat]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Prakash Sharan Mahat appointed Nepali Congress Spokesperson
|url=https://prakashsmahat.com/prakash-sharan-mahat-appointed-nepali-congress-spokesperson/|website=prakashsmahat.com|date=7 February 2022|access-date=7 February 2022}}</ref>
| founder          = [[BP Koirala|B. P. Koirala]] and others
| founded          = {{start date and age|df=yes|p=y|1950|04|09}}
| merger           = {{hlist|[[Nepali National Congress|National Congress]]|[[Nepal Democratic Congress|Democratic Congress]]}}
| student_wing     = [[Nepal Student Union]]
| youth_wing       = [[Nepal Tarun Dal]]
| womens_wing      = [[Nepal Woman Association]]
| wing1_title      = Labour wing
| wing1            = [[Nepal Trade Union Congress]]
| wing2_title      = Peasant's wing
| wing2            = [[Nepal Farmers Association]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=नेपाल किसान संघ,काभ्रे |url=http://www.nepalicongresskavre.org.np/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125032056/http://www.nepalicongresskavre.org.np/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87/ |archive-date=January 25, 2020}}</ref>
| position         = [[Centrism|Centre]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-11-28 |title=Nepali Congress wins most votes in elections |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-25135595 |access-date=2024-07-16 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> to [[Centre-left politics|centre-left]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Sharma|first=Gopal|title=Nepali Congress leader Deuba elected PM for fourth time|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nepal-politics/nepali-congress-leader-deuba-elected-pm-for-fourth-time-idUSKBN18X1ZY|work=Reuters|access-date=12 January 2018|date=6 June 2017}}</ref>
| seats1_title     = [[Election Commission (Nepal)|ECN]] Status
| seats1           = [[List of political parties in Nepal#National parties|National Party {{small|(1st largest)}}]]
| seats2_title     = [[House of Representatives (Nepal)|House of Representatives]]
| seats2           = {{composition bar|88|275|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
| seats3_title     = [[National Assembly (Nepal)|National Assembly]]
| seats3           = {{composition bar|16|59|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
| seats4_title     = [[Provincial Assembly (Nepal)|Provincial Assemblies]]
| seats4           = {{composition bar|176|550|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
| seats5_title     = [[Chief minister (Nepal)|Chief Ministers]]
| seats5           = {{composition bar|3|7|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
| seats6_title     = [[List of mayors of municipalities in Nepal|Mayors]]/[[List of chairpersons of rural municipalities in Nepal|Chairs]]
| seats6           = {{composition bar|333|753|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
| seats7_title     = [[Local government in Nepal|Councillors]]
| seats7           = {{composition bar|13730|35011|hex={{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
| symbol           = {{Nepali Congress/meta/symbol|size=100px{{!}}class=skin-invert}}
| colours          = {{colorbox|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}} {{colorbox|#e52c1a}}
}}
{{Nepali Congress sidebar}}

The '''Nepali Congress''' ({{langx|ne|नेपाली कांग्रेस}} {{IPA|ne|neˈpali ˈkaŋres|lanɡ}}; [[Abbreviation|abbr.]] '''NC'''), [[colloquially]] the '''Congress Party''', or simply the '''Congress''', is a [[Social democracy|social democratic]] [[List of political parties in Nepal|political party in Nepal]] and the largest party in the country.<ref>{{cite web|first=|last=|title=Prachanda back in government, Nepali Congress in opposition|url=https://www.asianews.it/news-en/Kathmandu:-Prachanda-back-in-government,-Nepali-Congress-in-opposition-57398.html|website=PIME AsiaNews|access-date=26 December 2022}}</ref> The party has 870,106 members as of the party's [[14th general convention of Nepali Congress|14th general convention]] in December 2021, making it the largest party by membership in Nepal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=कांग्रेसले महाधिवेशन सकिएको चार महिनामै खुलायो सदस्यता |url=https://ekantipur.com/news/2022/03/30/16486284874622145.html |access-date=2 April 2022 |website=ekantipur.com |language=ne}}</ref><ref name="members">{{Cite news |last=Adhikari |first=Ashok |date=8 December 2021 |title=जनाधार बलियो बनाउँदै दल |trans-title=Parties strengthening base |pages=1 |work=Gorkhapatra |location=Nepal |type= |url=https://beta.gorkhapatraonline.com/viewer?file=https://beta.gorkhapatraonline.com/ArchiveNewsFile/61aff9d050832_gopa_pdf.pdf |access-date=11 December 2022}}</ref> In June 2023, the party started online membership since the emergence of youth leaders in vital posts to attract youths to the party.<ref>{{Cite web |title=असार १ देखि कांग्रेसको नयाँ सदस्य र नवीकरण अनलाइनमार्फत भर्न सकिने |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2023/06/1319559 |access-date=2023-11-22 |website=Online Khabar |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=अनलाइनबाट नेपाली कांग्रेसको साधारण सदस्य बन्न सकिने |url=https://techpana.com/2023/142902/nepali-congress-general-membershio-through-online |access-date=2023-11-22 |website=Techpana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=डिजिटल बन्दै कांग्रेस : ५ लाख सदस्यता अनलाइन इन्ट्री |url=https://www.news24nepal.tv/?p=763235 |access-date=2023-11-22 |website=News24 : Premium News Channel |language=en}}</ref> The party is led by former [[Prime minister of Nepal|prime minister]], [[Sher Bahadur Deuba]] since the party's thirteenth general convention in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=7 March 2016 |title=Sher Bahadur Deuba elected Nepali Congress president |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/kathmandu/sher-bahadur-deuba-elected-nepali-congress-president |access-date=1 January 2023 |website=The Himalayan Times |language=en}}</ref> The party won 89 seats in the [[2022 Nepalese general election|2022 general election]] and is currently the largest parliamentary group in the [[House of Representatives (Nepal)|House of Representatives]].<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=7 December 2022 |title=Proportional representation votes counted, 7 parties become national parties - OnlineKhabar English News |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/proportional-representation-votes-nep.html |access-date=26 December 2022 |language=en-GB}}</ref>

There have been seven Nepali Congress prime ministers and the party has led the government fourteen times.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 October 2008 |title=Previous Election Facts and Figures |url=http://www.election.gov.np/EN/prevelection.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081021001831/http://www.election.gov.np/EN/prevelection.html |archive-date=21 October 2008 |access-date=15 August 2021}}</ref> [[Matrika Prasad Koirala]], a founding member of the party was appointed as the first commoner prime minister following the end of the Rana regime in [[M.P. Koirala cabinet, 1951|1951]]. [[Subarna Shamsher Rana|Subarna Shumsher Rana]], another founding member of the party was appointed prime minister in 1958. Congress is the only party in Nepal to have been elected with a majority, with the party forming majority governments in [[1959 Nepalese general election|1959]], [[1991 Nepalese general election|1991]] and [[1999 Nepalese general election|1999]] under [[B.P. Koirala]], [[Girija Prasad Koirala]] and [[K.P. Bhattarai]] respectively with B.P. Koirala becoming the first elected prime minister of the country.<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 October 2008|title=Previous Election Facts and Figures|url=http://www.election.gov.np/EN/prevelection.html|access-date=5 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081021001831/http://www.election.gov.np/EN/prevelection.html|archive-date=21 October 2008}}</ref> The party also formed coalition governments in 1995 and 1998 with [[Girija Prasad Koirala]] and [[Sher Bahadur Deuba]] as prime ministers. The party emerged as the largest party following the [[2013 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election|2013 Constituent Assembly elections]] and led a [[Koirala cabinet, 2013|coalition government]] under [[Sushil Koirala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sovereign people make CA polls historic |url=http://www.myrepublica.com/portal/index.php?action=news_details&news_id=64849 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232450/http://www.myrepublica.com/portal/index.php?action=news_details&news_id=64849 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=5 August 2021}}</ref> After the promulgation of the constitution in 2015, the party led coalition governments under Deuba in [[Deuba cabinet, 2017|2017]] and [[Fifth Deuba Cabinet, 2021|2021]].

The party was formed in 1950 by the merger of the Nepali National Congress and the Nepal Democratic Congress along democratic socialist lines. NC prime ministers led four governments between the fall of the [[Rana dynasty]] and the start of the [[Panchayat (Nepal)|Panchayat era]], including the first democratically elected government of Nepal, after the [[1959 Nepalese general election|1959 general election]]. Starting in the 1990s, the party followed other mainstream, [[centre-left]] social democratic parties in moving closer to the [[Centrism|political centre]] through the [[Third Way]].<ref name="history"/>

== Background ==
{{See also|Nepali National Congress|Nepal Democratic Congress}}
In 1947, [[Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala]], published an appeal for a unified struggle of Nepali people against the [[Rana regime]]. That same year, some Nepalese met in [[Varanasi|Benaras]] and formed an organization by the name All Indian Nepali National Congress ({{langx|ne| भारतीय नेपाली राष्ट्रिय कांग्रेस}}) where an ''ad-hoc'' committee was established. The initial officers were chairman Devi Prasad Sapkota, vice-president Balchandra Sharma, general secretary [[Krishna Prasad Bhattarai]], and public minister Gopal Prasad Bhattarai, publicity minister. Its Working Committee included Batuk Prasad Bhattarai, Narayan Prasad Bhattarai, and Narendra Regmi, while its coordinator was Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala.<ref name="Adhikari 2002">{{cite book|last=Adhikari|first=Surya Mani|title=Nepali Congress ko Itihas|publisher=Bhudi Puran Prakashan|year=2002|isbn=978-99933-44-65-0|location=Kathmandu|pages=31–34}}</ref>

Around the same time, Nepalese located in [[Calcutta]] formed another organization by the name All Indian Nepali Gorkha Congress ({{langx|ne|अखिल भारतीय गोर्खा कांग्रेस}}) whose chairman was Dharma Narayan Pradhan. Koirala travelled extensively to places such as Benaras, Calcutta, [[Darjeeling]], Assam, [[Bhagsu|Bhaksu]], and [[Dehradun]], and established contact with the Nepalese there. He met with [[Ganesh Man Singh]] during the same period. Nepalese representatives from different areas of Nepal and India organized one session in Calcutta. Koirala, [[Dilli Raman Regmi]], Dharma Narayan Pradhan, and Dhan Man Singh Pariyar were present. In the same session, dropping ''Akhil Bharatiya'' from its name, the organization was named Nepali National Congress. [[Tanka Prasad Acharya]], who was facing a life-sentence in [[Kathmandu]], was made its chairman. The flag was square-shaped with white, blue, and red colors in succession, with the moon and the sun in its center.<ref name="Adhikari 2002"/>

The major four proposals passed by the session were to assist Indians in their independence movement, support Vietnam struggling for freedom against French colonization, ask for the immediate release of imprisoned members of the [[Nepal Praja Parishad]], and initiate a [[Nonviolence|non-violence]] movement in Nepal for the establishment of an accountable ruling system. The organization's ''[[modus operandi]]'' was chosen, and attached itself to the civil conscience process in Nepal by establishing Tanka Prasad Acharya as its chairman.<ref name="Adhikari 2002"/>

== History ==
=== Nepali Congress formation, 1946–1950 ===
The Nepali Congress Party was formed by the merger of Nepali National Congress and Nepal Democratic Congress. The Nepali National Congress was founded by [[BP Koirala]] in [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], [[India]] on 25 January 1947. The Nepal Democratic Congress was founded by [[Subarna Shamsher Rana|Subarna Shumsher Rana]] in Calcutta on 4 August 1948. The two parties merged on 10 April 1950 to form the Nepali Congress and Koirala became its first president.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Self-determination & constitution making in Nepal : constituent assembly, inclusion, & ethnic federalism|last=Surendra.|first=Bhandari|isbn=9789812870056|oclc=879347997|date = 28 April 2014|publisher=Springer }}</ref> The party called for an armed revolution against the [[Rana regime]].

During the Bairgania Conference in [[Bairgania]], [[Bihar]], on 27 September 1950 the Nepali Congress announced an armed revolution against the [[Rana regime]]. The president of the party also announced the liquidation of operations in India and that the party would operate only inside Nepal.<ref name=":0"/>

After King [[Tribhuvan of Nepal|Tribhuvan]] took refuge inside the Indian Embassy on 6 November 1950. The Congress Liberation Army decided to take this opportunity to launch attacks against the regime before the King "left Nepalese soil". Matrika and Bisheshwor Prasad Koirala and [[Subarna Shamsher Rana]] flew to [[Purnia]], Bihar. They called the commanders posted at different locations inside Nepal to prepare for armed strikes near the [[Nepal-India border|Nepal-India border]].<ref name=":0"/>

On 11 November 1950, at midnight [[Birgunj]] was attacked, and by 12 November it fell to the Nepali Congress and the first "People's Government" was declared.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/printedition/news/2014-12-20/remembering-the-revolution.html|title=Remembering the revolution|access-date=24 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> The liberation army was able to control most of the eastern hills of Nepal and the town of [[Tansen, Nepal|Tansen]] in [[Palpa District|Palpa]]. After pressure by the [[Indian government]] and the mass movement by the Nepali Congress and other political parties, the [[Rana dynasty|Rana government]] finally submitted to their demands and King Tribhuvan returned to the throne, replacing [[King Gyanendra]], who had been crowned king after King Tribhuvan left for India.

[[File:Nepali Congress 1951.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Nepali Congress leaders meeting [[King Tribhuvan]]]]

=== Transitional government, 1951–1959 ===
After the fall of the Rana government, the Nepali Congress led three of the five governments formed before the elections. Matrika Prasad Koirala, the first [[commoner]] to become Prime Minister, led the government from 1951 to 1952 and 1953–1955 and [[Subarna Shamsher Rana]] led the government from 1958 to 1959. The much delayed elections were finally held in [[1959 Nepalese general election|February 1959]] and [[Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala]] became the first democratically elected Prime Minister of Nepal after the Nepali Congress won 74 of 109 seats in the parliament.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Routledge handbook of South Asian politics: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal|last=Brass|first=Paul R.|isbn=9780415716499|oclc=843078091|date = 6 August 2013|publisher=Routledge }}</ref>

=== Panchayat government, 1960–1990 ===
Following a royal coup by [[Mahendra of Nepal|King Mahendra]] in 1960, many leaders of the party, including Koirala, Rana and General Secretary [[Hora Prasad Joshi]], were imprisoned or exiled; others took political refuge in India. Although political parties were prohibited from 1960 to 1989 and remained outlawed during the [[Panchayat (Nepal)|Panchayat]] system under the aegis of the Associations and Organizations (Control) Act of 1963, the Nepali Congress persisted. The party placed great emphasis on eliminating the feudal economy and building a basis for socioeconomic development. It proposed [[Nationalization|nationalizing]] basic industries and instituting [[progressive taxes]] on land, urban housing, salaries, profits and foreign investments. While in exile, the Nepali Congress served as the nucleus around which other opposition groups clustered and instigated popular uprisings in the Hill and [[Terai]] regions. During this time, the Nepali Congress refused the overtures of a radical faction of the [[Communist Party of Nepal]] for a tactical alliance.

The Nepali Congress demonstrated endurance, but defection, factionalism, and external pressures weakened it over time. Nevertheless, it continued to be the only organized party to press for democratization. In the [[1980 Nepalese governmental system referendum|1980 government system referendum]], it supported the [[Multi-party system|multiparty system]] in opposition to the panchayat system. The party boycotted the [[1981 Nepalese general election|1981 general election]] and rejected the new government. The death in 1982 of Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala further weakened the party.

After the party boycotted the [[1986 Nepalese general election|1986 general election]] to the [[Rastriya Panchayat]], its members were allowed to run in the 1987 Nepalese local elections. In defiance of the demonstration ban, the Nepali Congress organized mass rallies with the communist factions in January 1990 that ultimately triggered the pro-democracy movement.

=== Post-Panchayat government, 1991–2002 ===
After the [[Jana Andolan|Jana Andolan I]], party president [[Krishna Prasad Bhattarai]] was invited to form an interim coalition government. In the [[1991 Nepalese general election|1991 general election]], the Nepali Congress won 110 of 205 seats but Bhattarai lost his seat and yielded the position of prime minister to [[Girija Prasad Koirala]] who held his seat until 1994.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Political handbook of the world 2015|last=Tom|first=Lansford|isbn=9781483371573|oclc=912321323|date = 22 April 2015|publisher=SAGE Publications }}</ref>

During the [[1994 Nepalese general election|1994 general election]], the Nepali Congress lost its majority to [[Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)]]. The CPN (UML) lacked a majority and formed a minority government. After 46 parliamentarians from the CPN (UML) quit to form the [[Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) (2002)|Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist)]], the Nepali Congress formed their own government with the [[Rastriya Prajatantra Party]] and [[Nepal Sadbhawana Party]]. After CPN (UML) offered [[Lokendra Bahadur Chand]] the position of prime minister, the Rastriya Prajatantra Party led a government with the CPN (UML). Internal problems within the Rastriya Prajatantra Party caused one faction led by [[Surya Bahadur Thapa]] to lead a government with Nepali Congress and Nepal Sadbhawana Party.<ref name=":1"/><ref name=":2"/>

[[Girija Prasad Koirala]] again became the Prime Minister in April 1998, leading a Congress minority government after Rastriya Prajatantra and Nepal Sadbhawana quit the government. Eventually, they got support from the CPN (ML) and after their withdrawal the CPN (UML) and Nepal Sadbhawana.<ref name=":1"/><ref name=":2"/>

[[File:Krishna bhattarai.jpg|thumb|197x197px|[[Krishna Prasad Bhattarai]], former party president and [[Prime Minister of Nepal]]]]
During the [[1999 Nepalese general election|1999 general election]], Girija Prasad Koirala stepped aside in favour of Krishna Prasad Bhattarai, who returned as Prime Minister when the Nepali Congress won 111 out of 205 House seats. Bhattarai resigned as prime minister on 16 March 2000 after conflicts between himself and supporters of Girija Prasad Koirala. In the party's first open leadership election, the parliamentarians selected Girija Prasad Koirala as their leader by 69-43 votes over [[Sher Bahadur Deuba]]. Accordingly, King Birendra designated Girija Prasad Koirala as prime minister on 20 March.<ref name=":1"/><ref name=":2"/>

On 8 August 2000, Koirala dismissed the Minister of Water Resources, [[Khum Bahadur Khadka]], for calling for Koirala's resignation. Although Koirala beat back another challenge by Deuba's supporters at a party convention in January 2001, he resigned as Prime Minister on 19 July. Deuba then defeated Secretary General [[Sushil Koirala]], 72–40, for the party leadership and was designated prime minister by the king.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

In May 2002, the party's disciplinary committee expelled Deuba for failing to consult the party before seeking a parliamentary extension of the country's [[state of emergency]]. Deuba's supporters then expelled Koirala at a general convention in June. Deuba registered his faction as the [[Nepali Congress (Democratic)]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Nepali Congress split formalised (THT 10 years ago)|url=http://www.thehimalayantimes.com/fullNews.php?headline=Nepali+Congress+split+formalised&NewsID=336484|access-date=9 January 2014|newspaper=The Himalayan Times|date=18 June 2012}}</ref> following a decision by the Election Commission that the Koirala faction held ownership of the name ''Nepali Congress'', taking 40 of the party's lower house representatives with him.<ref name=":2"/>

=== King Gyanendra's rule, 2002–2006 ===
[[File:Girija P koirala.jpg|thumb|213x213px|[[Girija Prasad Koirala]], former party president and [[Prime Minister of Nepal]]]]
In the months following the King's October 2002 decisions to dissolve the House of Representatives and replace Prime Minister Deuba with Rastriya Prajatantra's [[Lokendra Bahadur Chand]], the party joined the CPN (UML) and other, smaller parties in challenging the constitutionality of the moves. The party played a significant role in the formation of the [[Seven Party Alliance]] (SPA), which launched a series of street protests against the King's regression. The Seven Party Alliance had earlier avoided the [[Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)|Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)]] CPN-M and their violent methods, signed a 12-point understanding in Delhi in November 2005. The agreement contained three key commitmentsm, namely that the SPA endorsed CPN-M's fundamental demand for elections to a [[constituent assembly]]; the Maoists reciprocated with an assurance that they accepted a [[multi-party system]], which was the SPA's prime concern. The SPA and the Maoists agreed to launch a peaceful mass movement against the monarchy.<ref name=":1"/>

=== Constituent Assembly, 2006–2015 ===
On 26 April 2006, the king reinstated the dissolved parliament and formed a small government under the premiership of Girija Prasad Koirala, the president of the Nepali Congress. In November 2006, the government and the CPN-M signed a [[Comprehensive Peace Accord]] in India and the [[Nepalese Civil War]] formally ended.<ref name=":2" />

On 24 September 2007, the Nepali Congress (Democratic) and Nepali Congress unified as a single party with the [[2008 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election|2008 Constituent Assembly election]] looming. Following the first [[Madhes Movement|Madhesh movement]], former deputy speaker and senior leader of the party [[Mahantha Thakur]], who had led a committee that held talks with the [[Madheshi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal|Madheshi Jana Adhikar Forum]], broke away and formed the [[Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party (2007)|Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party]] with other [[Madheshi people|Madheshi]] leaders.<ref>{{cite web |title=Thakur heads new 'Terai-Madhes Loktantrik Party' |url=http://www.kantipuronline.com/kolnews.php?&nid=132616 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071229120342/http://www.kantipuronline.com/kolnews.php?&nid=132616 |archive-date=29 December 2007 |access-date=24 April 2015 |publisher=Kantipuronline.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 February 2007 |title=Thakur committee writes letter to MJF |url=http://www.nepalnews.com/archive/2007/feb/feb07/news01.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070209174832/http://www.nepalnews.com/archive/2007/feb/feb07/news01.php |archive-date=9 February 2007 |access-date=28 December 2020}}</ref> [[Girija Prasad Koirala]] remained president of the newly unified party. The party placed second with 110 out of 575 elected seats in the [[Nepalese Constituent Assembly|Constituent Assembly]] election, winning only half as many seats as CPN-M.<ref name=":2"/>

The party joined the coalition government headed by [[Madhav Kumar Nepal]] in May 2009. Girija Prasad Koirala angered some in the party by nominating his daughter [[Sujata Koirala]] to be Foreign Minister. In June, in a contested election for leader of the party's parliamentary group, [[Ram Chandra Poudel]] defeated Deuba.<ref name=":2" /> The [[12th General Convention of the Nepali Congress]] was held in [[Kathmandu]] from 17 to 21 September 2010. The convention elected [[Sushil Koirala]] as the party president.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.com.np/2010/09/23/nepali-congress-new-leadership-old-challenges/|title=Nepali Congress: New Leadership, Old Challenges|last=UWB|date=23 September 2010|website=United We Blog!|access-date=25 June 2017}}</ref>
[[File:Sushil Koirala.jpg|thumb|[[Sushil Koirala]], former party president and [[Prime Minister of Nepal]], also known father of constitution]]

After the [[1st Nepalese Constituent Assembly|Constituent Assembly of Nepal]] was dissolved by Prime Minister [[Baburam Bhattarai]] after failure to draft a new constitution before the deadline.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-18232606|title=Nepal parties resign as constitution deadline passes|date=28 May 2012|work=BBC News|access-date=25 June 2017|language=en-GB}}</ref> In the resulting [[2013 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election|2013 Constituent Assembly election]], the party emerged as the largest party winning 196 of the 575 elected seats.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/south-asia/nepali-congress-emerges-largest-party-in-parliament/article5417991.ece|title=Nepali Congress emerges largest party in parliament|last=DPA|work=The Hindu|access-date=25 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> Along with CPN (UML), under the leadership of [[Sushil Koirala]], they formed a new coalition government.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-26116387|title=Sushil Koirala wins vote to be Nepal's prime minister|date=10 February 2014|work=BBC News|access-date=25 June 2017|language=en-GB}}</ref> The new [[Constitution of Nepal]] was promulgated under his leadership on 20 September 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2015-09/17/c_134631066.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923085401/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2015-09/17/c_134631066.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 September 2015|title=Nepal's new constitution endorsed through Constituent Assembly - Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn|website=news.xinhuanet.com|access-date=25 June 2017}}</ref>

=== Federal Nepal, 2015–2020 ===
[[File:Congress VoteShare PradeshSabha.svg|thumb|305x305px|A map showing the vote-share won by the Nepali Congress in the [[2017 Nepalese provincial elections|2017 provincial elections]]]]
Sushil Koirala resigned as prime minister on 10 October 2015 after losing support from CPN (UML).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/10/nepal-pm-koirala-resigns-pm-seeks-election-151010160207623.html|title=Nepal's Koirala resigns as PM and seeks re-election|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=25 June 2017}}</ref> Nepali Congress joined the government again in August 2016 under the leadership of [[Bimalendra Nidhi|Bimlendra Nidhi]], after backing [[Pushpa Kamal Dahal]] to become prime minister.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/04/world/asia/nepal-elects-pushpa-kamal-dahal-as-new-prime-minister.html|title=Nepal Elects Pushpa Kamal Dahal as New Prime Minister|last=Sharma|first=Bhadra|date=3 August 2016|work=The New York Times|access-date=25 June 2017|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> According to their agreement, Dahal resigned on 24 May 2017<ref name="auto1">{{Cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/nepal-pm-prachanda-to-resign-address-nation/articleshow/58822480.cms|title=Nepal PM resigns ahead of final round of local elections|date=24 May 2017|work=The Economic Times|access-date=25 June 2017}}</ref> paving the way for Deuba to become prime minister for a fourth time on 6 June 2017.<ref name="auto1"/>

On 22 April 2017, the [[Akhanda Nepal Party]] led by [[Kumar Khadka|Kumar Kahadka]] joined the Nepali Congress ahead of the [[2017 Nepalese local elections|2017 local elections]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Rastria Samachar|last=Samiti|title=Akhanda Nepal Party Samanantar joins Nepali Congress|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/kathmandu/akhanda-nepal-party-samanantar-joins-nepali-congress/|publisher=The Himalayan Times|access-date=1 November 2017|date=22 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Akhanda Party Nepal unites with Nepali Congress|url=https://www.inheadline.com/news/akhanda-party-nepal-unites-with-nepali-congress|publisher=Inheadline|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> Nepali Congress won 11,456 seats including 266 mayoral or chairman positions. The party also won mayor posts in [[Lalitpur, Nepal|Lalitpur]] and [[Biratnagar]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.myrepublica.com/news/23542/|title=Biratnagar's mayor plans to restore lost glory of the city|work=My Republica|access-date=19 April 2018|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2017-05-24/nc-wins-mayor-and-deputy-mayor-of-lalitpur-metro.html|title=NC wins mayor, deputy mayor in Lalitpur metro|access-date=19 April 2018|language=en}}</ref> Ahead of the [[2017 Nepalese general election|2017 general]] and [[2017 Nepalese provincial elections|provincial]] elections, [[Nepal Loktantrik Forum]] led by former Nepali Congress leader, [[Bijay Kumar Gachhadar]] merged into the party.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/gachhadars-nepal-loktantrik-forum-merges-with-nepali-congress/1169237|title=Gachhadar's Nepal Loktantrik Forum merges with Nepali Congress|work=Outlook India|access-date=19 April 2018}}</ref> Similarly, a group from [[Federal Socialist Forum, Nepal]] led by MP [[Abhishek Pratap Shah]], a group from [[Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)|CPN (UML)]] led by MP [[Mohar Singh Rathore|Mohan Singh Rathore]] and Rabin Chaudhary, a goroup from [[Rastriya Janata Party Nepal]] led by MP Jangi Lal Ray, a group from [[Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)|CPN (Maoist Centre)]] led by former Minister and MP Sambhu Lal Shrestha joined the party ahead of the [[2017 Nepalese general election|2017 election]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Shambhu Lal Shrestha appointed Livestock Development Minister|url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2017/11/07/shambhu-lal-shrestha-appointed-livestock-development-minister|access-date=2 December 2021|website=kathmandupost.com|language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=फोरमका उपमहासचिव अभिषेक प्रताप शाहले पार्टी छोडे, कांग्रेसमा जाने घोषणा|url=https://www.himalkhabar.com/news/5439|access-date=2 December 2021|website=Himal Khabar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=नागरिक|title=राजपा महामन्त्री जंगीलाल कांग्रेसमा|url=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/politics/131321-1508811720.html|access-date=2 December 2021|website=nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com|language=ne}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=31 October 2017|title=एमालेमा पहिरो, २ निवर्तमान सांसद सहितका नेता कांग्रेसमा प्रवेश|url=https://nayapusta.com/2017/10/31/50834|access-date=2 December 2021|website=Naya Pusta|language=en-US}}</ref>

The party won 63 seats to the [[House of Representatives (Nepal)|House of Representatives]] becoming the second largest party.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/opinion/columnists/watching-the-world/2017/12/24/landslide-win-for-nepals-reds-the-rare-communist-triumph-in-democratic-elections-means-an-interestin/|title=Landslide win for Nepal's Reds - Watching The World {{!}} The Star Online|website=www.thestar.com.my|access-date=19 April 2018}}</ref> The party could win only 23 seats under first past the post and many influential leaders including [[Ram Chandra Poudel|Ram Chandra Paudel]], [[Ram Saran Mahat|Ram Sharan Mahat]], [[Bimalendra Nidhi]], Krishna Prasad Sitaula, and [[Arjun Narasingha K.C.|Arjun Narsingh KC]] lost in their constituencies.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/world/2017/dec/13/left-gets-116-seats-as-fptp-vote-count-concludes-in-nepal-1726457.html|title=Left gets 116 seats as FPTP vote count concludes in Nepal|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=19 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/nepali-congress-senior-leader-ramchandra-poudel-defeated-tanahun-1/|title=NC senior leader Poudel defeated in Tanahun 1|date=10 December 2017|work=The Himalayan Times|access-date=19 April 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> The party won 113 seats in [[Provincial Assembly (Nepal)|provincial assemblies]] and became the largest opposition in [[Provincial governments of Nepal|six out of seven provinces]]. The party won 13 seats in the [[2018 Nepalese National Assembly election|2018 National Assembly]] election.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-02/20/c_136987107.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220115652/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-02/20/c_136987107.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 February 2018|title=Nepal's National Assembly gets full shape - Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn|website=www.xinhuanet.com|access-date=19 April 2018}}</ref> After the [[National Assembly (Nepal)|National Assembly]] election, Deuba resigned as prime minister on 15 February 2018, paving the way for a new government under CPN (UML).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/nepal-pm-sher-bahadur-deuba-resigns/articleshow/62928071.cms|title=Nepal PM Sher Bahadur Deuba resigns|date=15 February 2018|work=The Economic Times|access-date=19 April 2018}}</ref> The party's under performance in the election caused many elements inside the party to call for Deuba's resignation.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2017-12-13/deuba-in-no-mood-to-resign-as-nc-chief.html|title=Deuba 'in no mood' to resign as NC chief|access-date=19 April 2018|language=en}}</ref> [[Prakash Man Singh]] stood against Deuba for the election of the parliamentary party leader, but Deuba won the vote 44–19.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://english.onlinekhabar.com/prakash-man-singh-determined-to-change-party-leadership-if-no-improvement.html|title=Prakash Man Singh: Determined to change party leadership if no improvement – OnlineKhabar|website=english.onlinekhabar.com|date=10 April 2018 |language=en-GB|access-date=19 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.myrepublica.com/news/37396/|title=NC's voting for PP leader begins|work=My Republica|access-date=19 April 2018|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2018-03-05/deuba-elected-nc-pp-leader.html|title=Deuba elected NC PP leader|access-date=19 April 2018|language=en}}</ref>

=== Political crisis of 2020–2021 ===
{{See also|14th general convention of Nepali Congress}}
Nepali Congress was back to centre of Nepalese politics since the political crisis 2020 which it had lost after deciding from the position of single largest party of nation. This happened after split in [[Nepal Communist Party]] and [[People's Socialist Party, Nepal (2020)|Janata Samajbadi Party]] due to personal interest and difference in ideology of core leaders.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Afp|date=9 March 2021|title=Nepal ruling party splits|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/nepal-ruling-party-splits/article34030349.ece|access-date=12 August 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=JSPN leaders agree to split - OnlineKhabar English News|date=6 July 2021 |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/jspn-leaders-agree-to-split.html|access-date=12 August 2021|language=en-GB}}</ref>

The internal crisis led to dissolution of parliament (both house of representative and lower house of parliament) by Khadga Prasad Oli twice within six months. It was approved by the president but [[Supreme Court of Nepal|Supreme court]] denied the legality of such decision by [[KP Sharma Oli|Oli]]. After the supreme court's historic decision, both the parliaments were reinstated.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Observer Research Foundation|url=https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/decoding-tectonic-shifts-nepal-politics/|website=ORF}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Nepal's Supreme Court orders reinstatement of Parliament|work=Aljazeera|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/2/23/nepal-supreme-court-parliament}}</ref>

After facing the vote for confidence in parliament, Oli lost the vote for confidence.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nepal Prime Minister Oli loses vote of confidence in Parliament|work=The Kathmandu Post|url=https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2021/05/11/nepal-prime-minister-oli-loses-vote-of-confidence-in-parliament}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=PM Oli loses confidence vote|work=The Himalayan Times|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/kathmandu/pm-olis-floor-test-ends-winsloses-vote-of-confidence}}</ref> Again he dissolved the parliament on 22 May 2021 and it was approved by president unanimously against the signatures submitted claiming majority to ''Nepali Congress''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nepal's parliament dissolved, president calls for fresh elections {{!}} DW {{!}} 22 May 2021|url=https://www.dw.com/en/nepals-parliament-dissolved-president-calls-for-fresh-elections/a-57628429|access-date=23 June 2021|website=Deutsche Welle|language=en-GB}}</ref> Still, 146 sitting members of [[House of Representatives (Nepal)|HOR]] filed a case in supreme court against the decision and approval of president. Previously, they had submitted majority signatures to president asking to appoint [[Sher Bahadur Deuba]] as the next prime-minister of Nepal. On 12 July 2021, the Supreme Court stated the decision of parliament dissolution was unlawful.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sher Bahadur Deuba: Nepal's Supreme Court orders appointment of Sher Bahadur Deuba as Prime Minister |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/nepals-supreme-court-reinstates-dissolved-house-of-representatives/articleshow/84338530.cms|date=21 July 2021|access-date=13 July 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> Similarly, it ordered the appointment Deuba as the next [[Prime Minister of Nepal]] citing article 76(5) of the [[Constitution of Nepal]] within 28 hours.<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 July 2021|title=Nepal SC orders to appoint Sher Bahadur Deuba as PM within next 28 hours|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/nepal-sc-orders-to-appoint-sher-bahadur-deuba-as-pm-within-next-28-hours-101626077841170.html|access-date=13 July 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> It stated that the decision made by the president was against the norms of the constitution.<ref>{{Cite web|last=रातोपाटी|title=संवैधानिक इजलासले भन्यो- राष्ट्रपतिको निर्णय संविधान र ऐन प्रतिकुल|url=https://ratopati.com/story/189446/2021/7/12/suprem-court|access-date=13 July 2021|website=RatoPati|language=Nepali}}</ref> On 13 July 2021, President [[Bidya Devi Bhandari]] appointed [[Sher Bahadur Deuba]] as the Prime Minister without including any article of Constitution and stating as per the order of Court. This created cold dispute and people alleged President Bhandari of forgetting her limits and being tilted to [[KP Sharma Oli|ex-PM Oli]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 July 2021|title=After brief delay, Sher Bahadur Deuba takes oath as Nepal's PM for fifth time|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/nepals-newly-appointed-pm-sher-bahadur-deuba-refuses-to-take-oath-demands-correction-in-appointment-letter-101626185026637.html|access-date=13 July 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> After Deuba declined to take the oath as per the appointment letter, the letter was changed and stated that Deuba was made PM in accordance with article 76(5), marking Deuba's fifth term as PM.

This process of vote of confidence was keenly watched by people from within and outside the country. On 18 July 2021, [[Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (Nepal)|Minister for Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs of Nepal]] and Nepali Congress leader [[Gyanendra Bahadur Karki]] registered a proposal for vote of confidence in the first meeting of reinstated [[House of Representatives (Nepal)|House of Representatives.]] Here, [[Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)|CPN(UML)]] got divided when only 69% MP from UML voted against Deuba. [[People's Socialist Party, Nepal (2020)|People's Socialist Party, Nepal]] remained united in voting for the Deuba despite ongoing process of party division.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Janata Samajbadi Party decide to split a little more than a year after merger|url=https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2021/07/06/janata-samajbadi-party-decide-to-split-a-little-more-than-a-year-after-merger|access-date=18 July 2021|website=kathmandupost.com|language=English}}</ref> Hence, the government got vote of confidence with no party purely as opposition, a first in the history of Nepal.

Out of total 249 present for the vote, 165 voted for Deuba while 1 remained undecided.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Deuba wins vote of confidence in the reinstated House|url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2021/07/18/deuba-wins-vote-of-confidence-in-the-reinstated-house|access-date=18 July 2021|website=kathmandupost.com|language=English}}</ref> This includes 83 from [[Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)|CPN (UML)]] who voted against Deuba. 37 of them were either absent or voted in favour of Deuba. 22 MPs from Madhav Nepal faction and some rebel from Oli faction from CPN (UML) voted for Deuba.<ref>{{Cite web|title=देउवालाई विश्वासको मत दिने यी हुन् एमालेका २२ सांसद|url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2021/07/985883|access-date=18 July 2021|website=Online Khabar|language=en-US}}</ref> This was a historic win with nearly 66.3% of votes of total present in parliament.<ref>{{Cite news|agency=PTI|date=18 July 2021|title=Nepal's new PM Sher Bahadur Deuba wins vote of confidence in Parliament|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/nepals-new-pm-sher-bahadur-deuba-wins-vote-of-confidence-in-parliament/article35399345.ece|access-date=18 July 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> It was totally unexpected with just 61 voters from Nepali Congress. It was a big set back to Oli when 38 CPN (UML) MPs did not vote against Deuba. This was seen as a result of Oli's "autocratic" rule and dissolution of the house twice.<ref>{{Cite web|title=In ordinance, Oli shows yet another authoritarian streak|url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2020/12/16/in-ordinance-oli-shows-yet-another-authoritarian-streak|access-date=18 July 2021|website=kathmandupost.com|language=English}}</ref>

In addition to this, Nepali Congress joined the government of Karnali on 6 June with an agreement of a rotational government.<ref>{{Cite web|last=SAMITI|first=RASTRIYA SAMACHAR|date=6 June 2021|title=NC picks ministers for Karnali govt|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/nc-picks-ministers-for-karnali-govt|access-date=12 August 2021|website=The Himalayan Times|language=en}}</ref> Within a week, Congress also joined the Province No. 2 government, as a result of an [[2021 split in the People's Socialist Party, Nepal|internal split in PSPN]]. Similarly, on 12 June Congress formed a coalition government [[Gandaki Province|Gandaki]] under its own leadership.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Krishna Chandra Nepali Pokharel of Nepali Congress appointed Gandaki CM - OnlineKhabar English News|date=12 June 2021 |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/krishna-chandra-nepali-pokharel-of-nepali-congress-appointed-gandaki-cm.html|access-date=12 August 2021|language=en-GB}}</ref> On 12 August, Congress joined a coalition government in Lumbini formed under the leadership of [[CPN (Maoist Centre)]], with a provision of rotational government to be formed in the next few months.<ref>{{Cite web|title=लुम्बिनी प्रदेश सरकारको नेतृत्व कांग्रेस र माओवादी आलोपालो|url=https://ekantipur.com/news/2021/08/11/162868026343378168.html|access-date=12 August 2021|website=ekantipur.com|language=ne}}</ref> On 3 November 2021, Nepali Congress formed Karnali government under its own leadership sworning [[Jeevan Bahadur Shahi]] as chief minister of the province.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Karnali: Jeevan Bahadur Shahi takes oath as new CM - OnlineKhabar English News|date=3 November 2021 |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/karnali-jeevan-bahadur-shahi-cm.html|access-date=9 January 2022|language=en-GB}}</ref>
From 13 to 15 December 2021, Nepali Congress conducted its [[14th general convention of Nepali Congress|14th general convention]] in the presence of 850,000 active members and nearly 5,000 candidates, re-electing [[Sher Bahadur Deuba]] as party president in the second round.<ref>{{Cite web|title=निधिको प्रक्षेपण : पहिलो चरणमा कसैले जित्दैन, त्यसपछि कोइराला, निधि र सिंह एक ठाउँमा|url=https://ekantipur.com/news/2021/12/12/163929684620655155.html|access-date=9 January 2022|website=ekantipur.com|language=ne}}</ref> The party elected Purna Bahadur Khadka and [[Dhanraj Gurung]] vice-presidents of the party. Popular youth leaders [[Gagan Thapa]] and [[Bishwa Prakash Sharma]] were elected to the executive post of general secretary of the party.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Republica|title=NC's 14th General Convention: Over 852,000 verified as active members|url=http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/114957/|access-date=9 January 2022|website=My Republica|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nepali Congress|url=https://nepalicongress.org/single/press-release/announcement-of-the-result-of-the-post-of-central-president-2078-08-29|access-date=9 January 2022|website=nepalicongress.org}}</ref>

=== Nepalese election year, 2022–present ===
On 13 May 2022, the Sher Bahadur Deuba-led government held [[2022 Nepalese local elections|local level elections]], in which the ruling Nepali Congress swept the polls winning the posts of chiefs in 329 local units out of a total of 753, up from 266 in the last local elections held in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nepali ruling party wins most in local elections-Xinhua |url=https://english.news.cn/20220530/b79b943e5fb342c199a74a8696ea97b4/c.html |access-date=5 July 2022 |website=english.news.cn}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite web |date=26 May 2022 |title=स्थानीय तह निर्वाचन इ-बुलेटिन •वर्ष १ • अंक ४३ • २०७९ जेठ १२ गते बिहिबार |url=https://election.gov.np/admin/public//storage/Local%20Election/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8/E-Bulletine%2043%20Issu%20ful.pdf |website=Election Commission of Nepal}}</ref> The party secured wins in two metropolitan cities, [[2022 Lalitpur municipal election|Lalitpur]] and [[2022 Biratnagar municipal election|Biratnagar]], as well as wins in four sub-metropolitan cities of [[2022 Butwal municipal election|Butwal]], [[2022 Nepalgunj municipal election|Nepalgunj]], [[2022 Janakpur municipal election|Janakpur]] and [[2022 Itahari municipal election|Itahari]]. The NC secured the highest vote among contesting parties in the elections.

On 20 November 2022, the Sher Bahadur Deuba-led government held [[2022 Nepalese general election|general elections]], in which the ruling Nepali Congress emerged as the single largest party at both national and provincial level winning as much as 57 seats of 90 seats it had contested.{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}

== Ideology ==
[[File:Nc ideology.pdf|thumb|Nepali Congress Ideology|250x250px]]
The party was founded on the principle of [[democracy]] and [[socialism]]. In 1956, the party adopted [[democratic socialism]] as its ideology for socio-economic transformation.<ref name="history"/> Its foreign policy orientation was to [[Non-Aligned Movement|nonalignment]] and [[India–Nepal relations|good relations with India]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Paradise lost?: State Failure in Nepal|last=Subho|first=Basu|year=2010|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=9780739146644|oclc=670122356}}</ref> It initially favoured mainstream social democratic policies, but in the late 20th century, began moving closer to the [[Centrism|political centre]], starting in the 1990s, abandoning some of its previous social democratic policies in favour of those similar to the [[Third Way]].<ref name="Acharya">Acharya, Meena (2003). [https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya/vol23/iss2/7 "Monarchy, Democracy, Donors, and the CPN-Maoist Movement in Nepal: A Lesson for Infant Democracies"]. ''Himalaya''. '''23''' (2).</ref>

== Organization ==
[[File:BP smriti bhawan Nepali congress.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Party central office]]

=== Central Organization ===
The National Convention remains the supreme body of Nepali Congress and it is organized every four years by the party's Central Committee. The national convention elects the party portfolios including the party chair, two deputy chairs, two general secretaries each along with eight deputy general secretaries from different cluster. It also elects central committee members. The convention also discusses and approves political documents, organizational proposals and amendments to the party constitution. The party has also provision for Central Working committee.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=NC constitution |url=https://api.nepalicongress.org/uploads/party-constitution/pdf/ncparty-constitution2967538613203-1603903756953.pdf}}</ref>

=== Provincial and local organization ===
Party committees exist at the [[Provinces of Nepal|provincial]], [[Districts of Nepal|district]], constituency, local and ward level. All the level of committee holds a convention every four years. The party has distributed a number of rights at different levels per the current Constitution of Nepal. Nepali Congress stands as the only party to have conducted conventions at all levels since the promulgation of current constitution of Nepal. The convention elects the leadership and members of the committee which is the supreme decision making body in between conventions.<ref name=":4" />

== Presence in legislatures ==

=== National legislatures ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|Legislature
!style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|Seats
!style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|Parliamentary Party leader
|-
![[National Assembly (Nepal)|National Assembly]]
|{{Infobox political party/seats|16|59|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
|[[Krishna Prasad Sitaula]]
|-
![[House of Representatives (Nepal)|House of Representatives]]
|{{Infobox political party/seats|89|275|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
|[[Sher Bahadur Deuba]]
|}

=== Provincial legislatures ===
{| class="wikitable"
!style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|Legislature
!style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|Seats
!style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|Parliamentary Party leader
|-
![[Koshi Provincial Assembly|Koshi]]
|{{Infobox political party/seats|29|93|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
|[[Uddhav Thapa]]
|-
![[Madhesh Provincial Assembly|Madhesh]]
|{{Infobox political party/seats|22|107|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
|[[Krishna Prasad Yadav (Nepalese politician)|Krishna Prasad Yadav]]
|-
![[Bagmati Provincial Assembly|Bagmati]]
|{{Infobox political party/seats|37|110|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
|[[Bahadur Singh Lama]]
|-
![[Gandaki Provincial Assembly|Gandaki]]
|{{Infobox political party/seats|27|60|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
|[[Surendra Raj Pandey]]
|-
![[Lumbini Provincial Assembly|Lumbini]]
|{{Infobox political party/seats|27|87|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
|[[Dilli Bahadur Chaudhary]]
|-
![[Karnali Provincial Assembly|Karnali]]
|{{Infobox political party/seats|15|40|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
|[[Jeevan Bahadur Shahi]]
|-
![[Sudurpashchim Provincial Assembly|Sudurpashchim]]
|{{Infobox political party/seats|19|53|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
|[[Kamal Bahadur Shah]]
|}

== Electoral performance ==
=== Legislative elections ===
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{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|Election
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|Leader
! colspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Constituency votes
! colspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Party list votes
! colspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|Seats
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|Position
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|Resulting government
|-
!style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|No.
!style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|%
!style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|% change
!style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|No.
!style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|%
!style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|% change
!style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|No.
!style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|+/-
|-
|[[1959 Nepalese general election|1959]]
|[[B. P. Koirala]]
|666,898
|37.20
|bgcolor="lightgrey"|
|bgcolor="lightgrey"|
|bgcolor="lightgrey"|
|bgcolor="lightgrey"|
| style="text-align:center;" |{{Infobox political party/seats|74|109|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
|bgcolor="lightgrey"|
|1st
|{{yes2|Government}}
|-
|[[1991 Nepalese general election|1991]]
|[[Krishna Prasad Bhattarai]]
|2,742,452
|37.75
|{{Increase}} 0.55
|bgcolor="lightgrey"|
|bgcolor="lightgrey"|
|bgcolor="lightgrey"|
| style="text-align:center;" |{{Infobox political party/seats|110|205|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
|{{Increase}} 36
|{{Steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Government}}
|-
|[[1994 Nepalese general election|1994]]
|[[Girija Prasad Koirala]]
|2,545,287
|33.38
|{{Decrease}} 4.37
|bgcolor="lightgrey"|
|bgcolor="lightgrey"|
|bgcolor="lightgrey"|
| style="text-align:center;" |{{Infobox political party/seats|83|205|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
|{{Decrease}} 27
|{{Decrease}} 2nd
|{{no2|In opposition}}
|-
|[[1999 Nepalese general election|1999]]
|[[Krishna Prasad Bhattarai]]
|3,214,068
|37.29
|{{Increase}} 3.91
|bgcolor="lightgrey"|
|bgcolor="lightgrey"|
|bgcolor="lightgrey"|
| style="text-align:center;" |{{Infobox political party/seats|111|205|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
|{{Increase}} 28
|{{Increase}} 1st
|{{yes2|Government}}
|-
|[[2008 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election|2008]]
|[[Girija Prasad Koirala]]
|2,348,890
|22.79
|{{Decrease}} 14.50
|2,269,883
|21.14
|bgcolor="lightgrey"|
| style="text-align:center;" |{{Infobox political party/seats|115|575|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
|{{Increase}} 4
|{{Decrease}} 2nd
|{{no2|In opposition}}
|-
|[[2013 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election|2013]]
|[[Sushil Koirala]]
|2,694,983
|29.80
|{{Increase}} 7.01
|2,418,370
|25.55
|{{Increase}} 4.41
| style="text-align:center;" |{{Infobox political party/seats|196|575|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
|{{Increase}} 81
|{{Increase}} 1st
|{{yes2|Coalition government}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[2017 Nepalese general election|2017]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Sher Bahadur Deuba]]
| rowspan="2" |3,590,793
| rowspan="2" |35.75
| rowspan="2" |{{Increase}} 5.95
| rowspan="2" |3,128,389
| rowspan="2" |32.78
| rowspan="2" |{{Increase}} 7.23
| rowspan="2" |{{Infobox political party/seats|63|275|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
| rowspan="2" |{{Decrease}} 133
| rowspan="2" |{{Decrease}} 2nd
|{{no2|In opposition}}
|-
|{{yes2|Coalition government}}
|-
|[[2022 Nepalese general election|2022]]
|[[Sher Bahadur Deuba]]
|2,431,907
|23.19
|{{decrease}} 12.56
|2,715,225
|25.71
|{{Decrease}} 7.07
|{{Infobox political party/seats|89|275|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
|{{Increase}} 26
|{{Increase}} 1st
|{{yes2|Coalition government}}
|}

=== Provincial election ===

==== Koshi ====
{{See also|Koshi Provincial Assembly}}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Election
! colspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Constituency votes
! colspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Party list votes
! colspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Seats
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Position
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Resulting government
|-
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |No.
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |%
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |% change
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |No.
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |%
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |% change
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |No.
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |+/-
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[2017 Nepalese provincial elections|2017]]
| rowspan="2" |739,937 
| rowspan="2" |38.31
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"|
| rowspan="2" |586,246
| rowspan="2" |33.76
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"|
| rowspan="2" |{{Infobox political party/seats|21|93|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"|
| rowspan="2" |2nd
|{{no2|In opposition}}
|-
|{{yes2|Coalition government}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[2022 Nepalese provincial elections|2022]]
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |562,956
| rowspan="2" |29.64
| rowspan="2" |{{Decrease}} 4.12
| rowspan="2" |{{Infobox political party/seats|29|93|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
| rowspan="2" |{{Increase}} 8
| rowspan="2" |{{Nochange}} 2nd
|{{no2|In opposition}}
|-
|{{yes2|Coalition government}}
|}

==== Madhesh ====
{{See also|Madhesh Provincial Assembly}}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Election
! colspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Constituency votes
! colspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Party list votes
! colspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Seats
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Position
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Resulting government
|-
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |No.
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |%
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |% change
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |No.
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |%
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |% change
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |No.
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |+/-
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[2017 Nepalese provincial elections|2017]]
| rowspan="2" |509,139
| rowspan="2" |27.82
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"|
| rowspan="2" |370,550
| rowspan="2" |24.11
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"|
| rowspan="2" |{{Infobox political party/seats|19|107|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"|
| rowspan="2" |3rd
|{{no2|In opposition}}
|-
|{{yes2|Coalition government}}
|-
|[[2022 Nepalese provincial elections|2022]]
|
|
|
|400,144
|19.18
|{{Decrease}} 4.93
|{{Infobox political party/seats|22|107|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
|{{Increase}} 4
|{{Increase}} 2nd
|{{yes2|Coalition government}}
|}

==== Bagmati ====
{{See also|Bagmati Provincial Assembly}}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Election
! colspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Constituency votes
! colspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Party list votes
! colspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Seats
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Position
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Resulting government
|-
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |No.
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |%
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |% change
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |No.
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |%
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |% change
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |No.
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |+/-
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[2017 Nepalese provincial elections|2017]]
| rowspan="2" |748,207 
| rowspan="2" |36.50
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"|
| rowspan="2" |559,249 
| rowspan="2" |29.57
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"|
| rowspan="2" |{{Infobox political party/seats|21|110|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"|
| rowspan="2" |3rd
|{{no2|In opposition}}
|-
|{{yes2|Coalition government}}
|-
|[[2022 Nepalese provincial elections|2022]]
|
|
|
|494,261
|25.52
|{{Decrease}} 4.05
|{{Infobox political party/seats|37|110|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
|{{Increase}} 16
|{{Increase}} 1st
|{{yes2|Coalition government}}
|}

==== Gandaki ====
{{See also|Gandaki Provincial Assembly}}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Election
! colspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Constituency votes
! colspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Party list votes
! colspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Seats
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Position
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Resulting government
|-
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |No.
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |%
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |% change
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |No.
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |%
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |% change
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |No.
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |+/-
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[2017 Nepalese provincial elections|2017]]
| rowspan="2" |424,202 
| rowspan="2" |41.21
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"|
| rowspan="2" |364,797
| rowspan="2" |38.13
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"|
| rowspan="2" |{{Infobox political party/seats|15|60|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"|
| rowspan="2" |2nd
|{{no2|In opposition}}
|-
|{{yes2|Coalition government}}
|-
|[[2022 Nepalese provincial elections|2022]]
|
|
|
|349,628
|35.47
|{{Decrease}} 2.66
|{{Infobox political party/seats|27|60|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
|{{Increase}} 12
|{{Increase}} 1st
|{{yes2|Government}}
|}

==== Lumbini ====
{{See also|Lumbini Provincial Assembly}}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Election
! colspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Constituency votes
! colspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Party list votes
! colspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Seats
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Position
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Resulting government
|-
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |No.
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |%
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |% change
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |No.
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |%
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |% change
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |No.
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |+/-
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[2017 Nepalese provincial elections|2017]]
| rowspan="2" |646,200
| rowspan="2" |35.36
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"|
| rowspan="2" |530,844
| rowspan="2" |32.93
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"|
| rowspan="2" |{{Infobox political party/seats|19|87|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"|
| rowspan="2" |3rd
|{{no2|In opposition}}
|-
|{{yes2|Coalition government}}
|-
|[[2022 Nepalese provincial elections|2022]]
|
|
|
|499,986
|26.50
|{{Decrease}} 6.43
|{{Infobox political party/seats|27|87|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
|{{Increase}} 8
|{{Increase}} 2nd
|{{yes2|Government}}
|}

==== Karnali ====
{{See also|Karnali Provincial Assembly}}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Election
! colspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Constituency votes
! colspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Party list votes
! colspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Seats
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Position
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Resulting government
|-
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |No.
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |%
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |% change
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |No.
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |%
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |% change
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |No.
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |+/-
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[2017 Nepalese provincial elections|2017]]
| rowspan="2" |210,290
| rowspan="2" |37.86
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"|
| rowspan="2" |162,003
| rowspan="2" |32.78
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"|
| rowspan="2" |{{Infobox political party/seats|6|40|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"|
| rowspan="2" |3rd
|{{no2|In opposition}}
|-
|{{yes2|Coalition government}}
|-
|[[2022 Nepalese provincial elections|2022]]
|
|
|
|170,756
|29.55
|{{Decrease}} 3.23
|{{Infobox political party/seats|14|40|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
|{{Increase}} 8
|{{Increase}} 1st
|{{yes2|Coalition government}}
|}

==== Sudurpashchim ====
{{See also|Sudurpashchim Provincial Assembly}}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Election
! colspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Constituency votes
! colspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Party list votes
! colspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Seats
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Position
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Resulting government
|-
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |No.
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |%
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |% change
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |No.
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |%
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |% change
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |No.
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |+/-
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[2017 Nepalese provincial elections|2017]]
| rowspan="2" |357,204
| rowspan="2" |39.37
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"|
| rowspan="2" |295,729
| rowspan="2" |37.38
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"|
| rowspan="2" |{{Infobox political party/seats|12|53|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"|
| rowspan="2" |3rd
|{{no2|In opposition}}
|-
|{{yes2|Coalition government}}
|-
|[[2022 Nepalese provincial elections|2022]]
|
|
|
|269,564
|30.07
|{{Decrease}} 7.31
|{{Infobox political party/seats|18|53|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
|{{Increase}} 6
|{{Increase}} 1st
|{{yes2|Government}}
|}

=== Local election ===
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|Election
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|Leader(s)
! colspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|Council Head
! colspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|Council Deputy
! colspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|Councillors
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|Position
|-
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|#
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|+/-
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|#
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|+/-
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|#
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|+/-
|-
|[[2017 Nepalese local elections|2017]]
|[[Sher Bahadur Deuba]]
|{{Infobox political party/seats|266|753|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
|bgcolor="lightgrey"|
|{{Infobox political party/seats|223|753|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
|bgcolor="lightgrey"|
|{{Infobox political party/seats|11454|35038|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
|bgcolor="lightgrey"|
|2nd
|-
|[[2022 Nepalese local elections|2022]]
|[[Sher Bahadur Deuba]]
|{{Infobox political party/seats|329|753|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
|{{Increase}} 59
|{{Infobox political party/seats|301|753|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
|{{Increase}} 77
|{{Infobox political party/seats|13730|35011|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}}
|{{Increase}} 2,274
|{{Increase}} 1st
|}

== Leadership ==
[[File:The Prime Minister of Nepal, Mr. Sher Bahadur Deuba, at Hyderabad House, in New Delhi on August 24, 2017.jpg|thumb|236x236px|[[Sher Bahadur Deuba]], party president and former [[Prime Minister of Nepal]]]]

=== Presidents ===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Matrika Prasad Koirala]] (1950–1952)
* [[Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala]] (1952–1956, 1957–1982)
* [[Subarna Shamsher Rana]] (1956–1957)
* [[Krishna Prasad Bhattarai]] (1982–1996)
* [[Girija Prasad Koirala]] (1996–2010)
* [[Sushil Koirala]] ([[12th General Convention of the Nepali Congress|2010]]–2016)
* [[Sher Bahadur Deuba]] (2016–present)
{{div col end}}

=== Vice-presidents ===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Prakash Man Singh]] (1996–2010)
* [[Ram Chandra Poudel|Ram Chandra Paudel]] (1996–2016)
* [[Gopal Man Shrestha]] (1996–2010)
* [[Bimalendra Nidhi]] (2016–2022)
* [[Bijay Kumar Gachhadar]] (2017–2022)
* [[Dhanraj Gurung]] ([[14th general convention of Nepali Congress|2022]]–present)
* Purna Bahadur Khadka ([[14th general convention of Nepali Congress|2022]]–present)
{{div col end}}

=== General secretaries ===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Girija Prasad Koirala]] (1982–1996)
* [[Mahendra Narayan Nidhi]] (1982–1996)
* [[Bimalendra Nidhi]] (1996–2010)
* [[Kul Bahadur Gurung]] (1996–2010)
* [[Ram Baran Yadav]] (1996–2010)
* [[Krishna Prasad Sitaula]] ([[12th General Convention of the Nepali Congress|2010]]–2016)
* [[Prakash Man Singh]] ([[12th General Convention of the Nepali Congress|2010]]–2016)
* [[Shashanka Koirala]] (2016–2022)
* Purna Bahadur Khadka (2016–2022)
* [[Gagan Kumar Thapa]] ([[14th general convention of Nepali Congress|2022]]–present)
* [[Bishwa Prakash Sharma]] ([[14th general convention of Nepali Congress|2022]]–present)
{{div col end}}

=== Prime Ministers of Nepal ===
{{Further|List of prime ministers of Nepal}}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|No.
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|Prime Minister
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|Portrait
! colspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|Terms in Office
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|Legislature
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|Cabinet
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|Constituency
|-
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|Start
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|End
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white"|Tenure
|-
|1
|[[Matrika Prasad Koirala]]
|[[File:Matrika Prasad Koirala2.jpg|frameless|133x133px]]
|16 November 1951
|14 August 1952
|{{age in years and days|16 November 1951|14 August 1952}}
|Appointed by [[Tribhuvan of Nepal|King Tribhuvan]]
|[[M.P. Koirala cabinet, 1951|M.P. Koirala, 1951]]
|''None''
|-
|2
|[[Subarna Shamsher Rana]]{{Efn|As Chairman of the Council of Ministers|name=|group=}}
|[[File:Subarna shumasher.jpg|frameless|159x159px]]
|15 May 1958
|27 May 1959
|{{age in years and days|15 May 1958|27 May 1959}}
|Appointed by [[Mahendra of Nepal|King Mahendra]]
|[[Subarna Shamsher Rana cabinet|Subarna Rana, 1958]]
|''None''
|-
|3
|[[Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala]]
|[[File:BP Koirala.jpg|frameless|146x146px]]
|27 May 1959
|26 December 1960
|{{age in years and days|27 May 1959|26 December 1960}}
|[[1st House of Representatives of Nepal|1st House of Representatives]]
|[[B.P. Koirala cabinet, 1959|B.P. Koirala, 1959]]
|Morang–Biratnagar West
|-
| rowspan="2" |4
| rowspan="2" |[[Krishna Prasad Bhattarai]]
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Krishna bhattarai.jpg|frameless|158x158px]]
|19 April 1990
|26 May 1991
|{{age in years and days|19 April 1990|26 May 1991}}
|Appointed by [[Birendra of Nepal|King Birendra]]
|[[Krishna Prasad Bhattarai interim cabinet|K.P. Bhattarai, 1990]]
|''None''
|-
|31 May 1999
|22 March 2000
|{{age in years and days|31 May 1999|22 March 2000}}
|[[4th House of Representatives of Nepal|4th House of Representatives]]
|[[Krishna Prasad Bhattarai cabinet|K.P. Bhattarai, 1999]]
|[[Parsa 1 (constituency)|Parsa 1]]
|-
| rowspan="4" |5
| rowspan="4" |[[Girija Prasad Koirala]]
| rowspan="4" |[[File:The Prime Minister of Nepal, Shri Girija Prasad Koirala being seen off by the Union Minister of Water Resources, Prof. Saif-ud-din Soz at Indira Gandhi International Airport in New Delhi on April 06, 2007 (cropped).jpg|frameless|154x154px]]
|26 May 1991
|30 November 1994
|{{age in years and days|26 May 1991|30 November 1994}}
|[[2nd House of Representatives of Nepal|2nd House of Representatives]]
|[[First Girija Prasad Koirala cabinet|G.P. Koirala, 1991]]
|[[Morang 1 (constituency)|Morang 1]]
|-
|15 April 1998
|31 May 1999
|{{age in years and days|15 April 1998|31 May 1999}}
|[[3rd House of Representatives of Nepal|3rd House of Representatives]]
|[[Second Girija Prasad Koirala cabinet|G.P. Koirala, 1998]]
| rowspan="3" |Sunsari 5
|-
|22 March 2000
|26 July 2001
|{{age in years and days|22 March 2000|26 July 2001}}
|[[4th House of Representatives of Nepal|4th House of Representatives]]
|[[Fourth Girija Prasad Koirala cabinet|G.P. Koirala, 2000]]
|-
|25 April 2006
|28 May 2008
|{{age in years and days|25 April 2006|28 May 2008}}
|[[Interim legislature of Nepal|Interim Legislature]]
|[[Fifth Girija Prasad Koirala cabinet|G.P. Koirala, 2006]]
|-
| rowspan="4" |6
| rowspan="4" |[[Sher Bahadur Deuba]]
| rowspan="4" |[[File:The Prime Minister of Nepal, Mr. Sher Bahadur Deuba, at Hyderabad House, in New Delhi on August 24, 2017 crop.jpg|frameless|160x160px]]
|12 September 1995
|12 March 1997
|{{age in years and days|12 September 1995|12 March 1997}}
|[[3rd House of Representatives of Nepal|3rd House of Representatives]]
|[[First Deuba cabinet|Deuba, 1995]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Dadeldhura 1]]
|-
|26 July 2001
|4 October 2002
|{{age in years and days|26 July 2001|4 October 2002}}
|[[4th House of Representatives of Nepal|4th House of Representatives]]
|[[Second Deuba cabinet|Deuba, 2001]]
|-
|7 June 2017
|15 February 2018
|{{age in years and days|7 June 2017|15 February 2018}}
|[[2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly|2nd Constituent Assembly]]
|[[Deuba cabinet, 2017|Deuba, 2017]]
|-
|13 July 2021
|26 December 2022
|{{age in years and days|13 July 2021|26 December 2022}}
|[[1st Federal Parliament of Nepal|1st Federal Parliament]]
|[[Fifth Deuba Cabinet, 2021|Deuba, 2021]]
|-
|7
|[[Sushil Koirala]]
|[[File:The Prime Minister of Nepal, Mr. Sushil Koirala, on the sidelines of the third Summit of the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC), at Nay Pyi Taw.jpg|frameless|129x129px]]
|11 February 2014
|12 October 2015
|{{age in years and days|11 February 2014|12 October 2015}}
|[[2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly|2nd Constituent Assembly]]
|[[Koirala cabinet, 2013|Sushil Koirala, 2013]]
|[[Banke 3]]
|}

=== List of Deputy Prime Ministers ===
{{see|Deputy Prime Minister of Nepal}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white;"| No.
! rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white;"| Deputy PM
! rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white;"| Portrait
! colspan="3" style="background:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white;"| Term in office
! rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white;"| Assembly
! rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white;"| Constituency
! rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white;"| Prime Minister
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white;"| Start
! style="background:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white;"| End
! style="background:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white;"| Tenure
|-
|1
|[[Shailaja Acharya]]
|[[File:No image.svg|125x125px]]
|{{dts|15 April 1998}}
|{{dts|31 May 1999}}
|{{Age in years and days|15 April 1998|31 May 1999}}
|[[3rd House of Representatives of Nepal|3rd House of Representatives]]
|[[Morang 5 (constituency)|Morang 5]]
|rowspan="2" |[[Girija Prasad Koirala]]
|- 
|2
|[[Ram Chandra Paudel]]
|[[File:President Ram Chandra Poudel, Official portrait (January 2024).jpg|125x125px]]
|{{dts|21 March 2000}}
|{{dts|13 July 2001}}
|{{Age in years and days|21 March 2000|13 July 2001}}
|[[4th House of Representatives of Nepal|4th House of Representatives]]
|[[Tanahun 2 (constituency)|Tanahun 2]]
|- 
|3
|[[Sujata Koirala]]
|[[File:Sujata Koirala.jpg|125x125px]]
|{{dts|12 October 2009}}
|{{dts|6 February 2011}}
|{{Age in years and days|12 October 2009|6 February 2011}}
| [[1st Nepalese Constituent Assembly|1st Constituent Assembly]]
|Party list
|[[Madhav Kumar Nepal]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |4
| rowspan="2" |[[Prakash Man Singh]]
| rowspan="2" | 
|{{dts|25 February 2014}}
|{{dts|12 October 2015}}
|{{Age in years and days|25 February 2014|12 October 2015}}
|[[2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly|2nd Constituent Assembly]]
|[[Kathmandu 1 (constituency)|Kathmandu 1]]
|[[Sushil Koirala]]
|-
|{{dts|15 July 2024}}
|Incumbent 
|{{Age in years and days|15 July 2024}}
|[[2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal|2nd Federal Parliament]]
|[[Kathmandu 1 (constituency)|Kathmandu 1]]
|[[K. P. Sharma Oli]]
|-
|5
|[[Bimalendra Nidhi]]
|[[File:Bimalendra Nidh in New Delhi on August 20, 2016 (cropped).jpg|125x125px]]
|{{dts|4 August 2016}}
|{{dts|7 June 2017}}
|{{Age in years and days|4 August 2016|7 June 2017}}
|[[Legislature Parliament of Nepal|Legislature Parliament]]
|[[Dhanusha 3 (constituency)|Dhanusha 3]]
|[[Pushpa Kamal Dahal]]
|-
|6
|[[Gopal Man Shrestha]]
|[[File:No image.svg|125x125px]]
|{{dts|7 June 2017}}
|{{dts|15 February 2018}}
|{{Age in years and days|7 June 2017|15 February 2018}}
|[[Legislature Parliament of Nepal|Legislature Parliament]]
|Party list
|[[Sher Bahadur Deuba]]
|-
|7
|[[Purna Bahadur Khadka]]
|[[File:No image.svg|125x125px]] 
|{{dts|31 March 2023}}
|{{dts|4 March 2024}}
|{{Age in years and days|31 March 2023|4 March 2024}}
|[[2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal|2nd Federal Parliament]]
|[[Surkhet 1 (constituency)|Surkhet 1]]
|[[Pushpa Kamal Dahal]]
|-
|}

=== Chief Ministers ===

==== Koshi Province ====
{{See also|Chief Minister of Koshi Province}}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |No.
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Chief Minister
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Portrait
! colspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Terms in Office
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Legislature
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Cabinet
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Constituency
|-
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Start
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |End
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Tenure
|-
| rowspan="2" |1
| rowspan="2" |[[Uddhav Thapa]]
| rowspan="2" | 
|7 July 2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uddhav Thapa appointed Koshi chief minister |url=http://kathmandupost.com/province-no-1/2023/07/06/uddhav-thapa-stakes-claim-for-koshi-chief-minister |access-date=18 July 2023 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref>
|2 August 2023
|{{age in years and days|7 July 2023|2 August 2023}}
| rowspan="3" |[[2nd Koshi Provincial Assembly|2nd Assembly]]
|[[Uddhav Thapa cabinet|Thapa I]]
| rowspan="2" |[[List MP]]
|-
|2 August 2023 
|8 September 2023
|{{Age in years and days|2 August 2023|8 September 2023}}
|[[Second Uddhav Thapa cabinet|Thapa II]]
|-
|2
|[[Kedar Karki]]
|{{CSS image crop|Image =KedarKarki.png|bSize =70}}
|14 October 2023<ref>{{Cite web |last=कार्की? |first=नेपाल लाइभ :: को हुन् कांग्रेसविरुद्ध विद्रोह गरी मुख्यमन्त्री बनेका |title=को हुन् कांग्रेसविरुद्ध विद्रोह गरी मुख्यमन्त्री बनेका कार्की? |url=https://nepallive.com/story/316577/ |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=को हुन् कांग्रेसविरुद्ध विद्रोह गरी मुख्यमन्त्री बनेका कार्की?}}</ref>
|9 May 2024
|{{Age in years and days|15 October 2023|9 May 2024}}
|[[Kedar Karki cabinet|Karki]]
|[[Morang 6 (constituency)|Morang 6 (B)]]
|}

==== Bagmati Province ====
{{See also|Chief Minister of Bagmati Province}}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |No.
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Chief Minister
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Portrait
! colspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Terms in Office
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Legislature
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Cabinet
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Constituency
|-
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Start
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |End
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Tenure
|-
|1
|[[Bahadur Singh Lama]]
|{{CSS image crop|Image =BahadurSinghLama.png|bSize =70}}
|24 July 2024<ref>{{Cite web |title=Congress' Bahadur Singh Lama appointed Bagmati chief minister |url=https://kathmandupost.com/province-no-3/2024/07/23/congress-bahadur-singh-lama-appointed-bagmati-chief-minister |access-date=2024-07-23 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref>
|''Incumbent''
|{{Age in years and days|24 July 2024|}}
|[[2nd Bagmati Provincial Assembly|2nd Assembly]]
|[[Bahadur Singh Lama cabinet|Lama]]
|[[Nuwakot 2 (constituency)|Nuwakot 2(B)]]
|}

==== Gandaki Province ====
{{See also|Chief Minister of Gandaki Province}}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |No.
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Chief Minister
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Portrait
! colspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Terms in Office
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Legislature
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Cabinet
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Constituency
|-
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Start
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |End
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Tenure
|-
|1
|[[Krishna Chandra Nepali]]
|{{CSS image crop|Image =KrishnaChandraNepali.png|bSize =70}}
|12 June 2021<ref>{{Cite web|last=Online|first=T. H. T.|date=12 June 2021|title=NC's Krishna Chandra Nepali appointed Gandaki CM|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/krishna-chandra-nepali-appointed-gandaki-cm|access-date=12 June 2021|website=The Himalayan Times|language=en}}</ref>
|9 January 2023
|{{age in years and days|12 June 2021|9 January 2023}}
|[[1st Gandaki Provincial Assembly|1st Assembly]]
|[[Krishna Chandra Nepali Cabinet|Nepali]]
|[[Nawalparasi (Bardaghat Susta East) 1 (constituency)|Nawalparasi East 1(A)]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |2
| rowspan="2" |[[Surendra Raj Pandey]]
| rowspan="2" |{{CSS image crop|Image =SurendraRajPandey.png|bSize =70}}
|27 April 2023<ref>{{Cite web |last=Republica |title=NC's Surendra Raj Pandey is new Gandaki CM |url=http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/139815/ |access-date=27 April 2023 |website=My Republica |language=en}}</ref>
|4 April 2024<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gandaki, Karnali chief ministers resign in changed political situation |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2024/04/04/gandaki-karnali-chief-ministers-resign-in-changed-political-situation |access-date=2024-04-29 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref>
|{{age in years and days|27 April 2023|4 April 2024}}
| rowspan="2" |[[2nd Gandaki Provincial Assembly|2nd Assembly]]
|[[First Surendra Raj Pandey cabinet|Pandey I]] 
| rowspan="2" |[[Gorkha 2 (constituency)|Gorkha 2(B)]]
|-
|29 May 2024<ref>{{Cite web |title=Surendra Raj Pandey appointed Gandaki chief minister |url=https://kathmandupost.com/gandaki-province/2023/04/27/surendra-raj-pandey-appointed-gandaki-chief-minister |access-date=2024-06-29 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref>
|''Incumbent''
|{{age in years and days|29 May 2024|}}
|[[Second Surendra Raj Pandey cabinet|Pandey II]]
|}

==== Lumbini Province ====
{{See also|Chief Minister of Lumbini Province}}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |No.
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Chief Minister
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Portrait
! colspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Terms in Office
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Legislature
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Cabinet
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Constituency
|-
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Start
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |End
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Tenure
|-
|1
|[[Dilli Bahadur Chaudhary]]
|{{CSS image crop|Image =Dilli bahadur chaudhary.png|bSize =70}}
|27 April 2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dilli Bahadur Chaudhary appointed Lumbini chief minister |url=https://kathmandupost.com/province-no-5/2023/04/27/dilli-bahadur-chaudhary-appointed-lumbini-chief-minister |access-date=27 April 2023 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref>
|4 April 2024<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lumbini Chief Minister Chaudhary resigns |url=https://kathmandupost.com/province-no-5/2024/04/04/lumbini-chief-minister-chaudhary-resigns |access-date=2024-04-29 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref>
|{{age in years and days|27 April 2023|4 April 2024}}
|[[1st Lumbini Provincial Assembly|1st Assembly]]
|[[Dilli Bahadur Chaudhary cabinet|Chaudhary]]
|[[Dang 3 (constituency)|Dang 3(A)]]
|}

==== Karnali Province ====
{{See also|Chief Minister of Karnali Province}}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |No.
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Chief Minister
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Portrait
! colspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Terms in Office
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Legislature
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Cabinet
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Constituency
|-
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Start
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |End
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Tenure
|-
|1
|[[Jeevan Bahadur Shahi]]
|{{CSS image crop|Image =JeevanBahadurShahi.png|bSize =70}}
|2 November 2021<ref>{{Cite web |last=diwakar |date=3 November 2021 |title=Karnali: Jeevan Bahadur Shahi takes oath as new CM - OnlineKhabar English News |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/karnali-jeevan-bahadur-shahi-cm.html |access-date=27 April 2023 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
|12 January 2023
|{{age in years and days|2 November 2021|12 January 2023}}
|[[1st Karnali Provincial Assembly|1st Assembly]]
|[[Jeevan Bahadur Shahi cabinet|Shahi]]
|[[Humla 1 (constituency)|Humla 1(B)]]
|}

==== Sudurpashchim Province ====
{{See also|Chief Minister of Sudurpashchim Province}}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |No.
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Chief Minister
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Portrait
! colspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Terms in Office
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Legislature
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Cabinet
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Constituency
|-
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Start
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |End
! style="background-color:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color:white" |Tenure
|-
| rowspan="2" |1
| rowspan="2" |[[Kamal Bahadur Shah]]
| rowspan="2" |{{CSS image crop|Image =|bSize =70}}
|12 February 2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nepali Congress Kamal Bahadur Shah appointed Sudurpaschim chief minister |url=https://kathmandupost.com/sudurpaschim-province/2023/02/09/nepali-congress-kamal-bahadur-shah-appointed-sudurpaschim-chief-minister |access-date=27 April 2023 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref>
|4 April 2024<ref>{{Cite web |title=NC's Kamal Bahadur Shah resigns as Sudurpaschim Chief Minister |url=https://kathmandupost.com/sudurpaschim-province/2024/04/04/nc-s-kamal-bahadur-shah-resigns-as-sudurpaschim-chief-minister |access-date=2024-04-29 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref>
|{{age in years and days|12 February 2023|4 April 2024}}
| rowspan="2" |[[2nd Sudurpashchim Provincial Assembly|2nd Assembly]]
|[[First Kamal Bahadur Shah cabinet|Shah I]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Kailali 2 (constituency)|Kailali 2(A)]]
|-
|5 August 2024<ref>{{Cite web |last=Republica |title=Kamal Bahadur Shah appointed as CM of Sudurpaschim province |url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/kamal-bahadur-shah-appointed-as-cm-of-sudurpaschim-province/ |access-date=2024-08-21 |website=My Republica |language=en}}</ref>
|''Incumbent''
|{{age in years and days|5 August 2024|}}
|[[Second Kamal Bahadur Shah cabinet|Shah II]]
|}
{{notelist}}

== Sister organizations ==
{{Nepali Congress}}
According to the website of Nepali Congress, the following are its sister organizations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nepalicongress.org/index.php?linkId=86|title=NepaliCongress.org- Nepali Congress Official website {{!}} Political party of Nepal|last=www.nepalicongress.org|website=nepalicongress.org|access-date=25 June 2017}}</ref>
* [[Nepal Student Union]] (नेपाल विद्यार्थी संघ) 
* [[Nepal Tarun Dal]] (नेपाल तरुण दल)
* Nepal Democratic Fighter Society (नेपाल प्रजातान्त्रिक सेनानी समाज) 
* [[Nepal Farmers Association]] (नेपाल किसान संघ) 
* Nepal Adivasi Janajati Sangh (नेपाल आदिवासी जनजाति संघ) 
* National Democratic Handicapped Association (राष्ट्रिय प्रजातान्त्रिक अपाङ्ग संघ) 
* Nepal Tamang Association (नेपाल तामाङ संघ) 
* Nepal Thakur Society (नेपाल ठाकुर समाज) 
* [[Nepal Woman Association]] (नेपाल महिला संघ) 
* [[Nepal Dalit Sangh]] (नेपाल दलित संघ) 
* Nepal Ex Army Association (नेपाल भूतपूर्व सैनिक संघ)
* Nepal Press Union (नेपाल प्रेस युनियन) 
* Nepal Civil Service Employees' Union (नेपाल निजामती कर्मचारी युनियन) 
* Nepal Cultural Association (नेपाल सांस्कृतिक संघ) 
* [[Nepal Teachers Association]] (नेपाल शिक्षक संघ) 
* [[Nepal Trade Union Congress]] (नेपाल ट्रेड युनियन कांग्रेस)
* Nepal Prajatantra Senani Sangh (नेपाल प्रजातान्त्रिक सेनानी संघ)
* Nepal Indigenous Nationality Association (नेपाल आदिवासी जनजाती संघ )

== See also ==
* [[Biratnagar jute mill strike]]
* [[Congress Mukti Sena]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.nepalicongress.org/ Official website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090614070503/http://www.nepaldemocracy.org/institutions/major_parties.htm#nc Info on the party from FES]

{{political parties in Nepal}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Nepali Congress| ]]
[[Category:Politics of the Nepalese Civil War]]
[[Category:1950 establishments in Nepal]]
[[Category:Social democratic parties in Nepal]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1950]]