View source for Neolamprologus

{{Short description|Genus of fishes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Neolamprologus brichardi.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Neolamprologus brichardi]]'' from [[Lake Tanganyika]].
| taxon = Neolamprologus
| authority = [[Jean Colombé|Colombé]] & [[Robert Allgayer|Allgayer]], 1985
| type_species = ''Lamprologus tetracanthus''
| type_species_authority = Boulenger, 1899
}}

'''''Neolamprologus''''' is a [[genus]] of [[cichlid]]s [[endemic (ecology)|endemic]] to eastern Africa with all but one species, ''[[Neolamprologus devosi]]'' from the [[Malagarasi River]], occurring in [[Lake Tanganyika]]. It is the largest genus of cichlids in Lake Tanganyika and also the largest genus in the tribe [[Lamprologini]], which includes ''[[Altolamprologus]]'', ''[[Chalinochromis]]'', ''[[Julidochromis]]'',  ''[[Lamprologus]]'', ''[[Lepidiolamprologus]]'', ''[[Telmatochromis]]'' and ''[[Variabilichromis]]''. The latter is a [[monotypic]] genus doubtfully distinct from ''Neolamprologus''.

It is already known for some time that according to [[mtDNA]] [[DNA sequence|sequence]] analysis, this genus is very probably [[polyphyletic]]. It is likely that it will be revised eventually; if ''Variabilichromis'' is split off, at least some of the more ancient lineages currently placed in ''Neolamprologus'' are probably worthy of separation also. However, the [[morphology (biology)|morphological]] similarity and numerous [[undescribed species]] do not make analyses easier, and as with many cichlids, recent [[speciation]] and abundant [[Hybrid (biology)|hybridization]] seriously confound molecular studies to the point where single-gene studies or those using only [[mtDNA]] or [[nDNA]] are essentially worthless for resolving Lamprologini [[phylogeny]].<ref>Sturmbauer ''et al.'' (1994), Day ''et al.'' (2007)</ref>

While lineages are clearly different in their morphology, habits and ecology, [[gene flow]] between genera and species is common enough due to extremely low [[Isolating mechanisms|postzygotic isolation]]. Males of ''Neolamprologus'' apparently have always readily and successfully mated with females of other Lamprologini they found ready to spawn: mtDNA lineages similar to other Lamprologini genera are widely encountered in species placed in ''Neolamprologus''. And not only do such hybrids seem to be fertile at least to a limited extent in many cases, new species often appear to originate from such interbreeding.<ref name = dayetal2007>Day ''et al.'' (2007)</ref>

[[Image:Neolamprologus cylindricus.jpg|right|200px|thumb|''[[Neolamprologus cylindricus]]'']]
[[File:Neolamprologus multifasciatus 3.jpg|right|200px|thumb|''[[Neolamprologus multifasciatus]]'']]

==Species==
There are currently 46 recognized species in this genus:<ref name = FishBase>{{FishBase genus|genus=Neolamprologus|month=October|year=2018}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* ''[[Neolamprologus bifasciatus]]'' <small>[[Heinz Heinrich Büscher|Büscher]], 1993</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus boulengeri]]'' <small>[[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1909</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus brevis]]'' <small>[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1899</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus brichardi]]'' <small>[[Max Poll|Poll]], 1974</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus buescheri]]'' <small>[[Wolfgang Staeck|Staeck]], 1983</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus cancellatus]]'' <small>[[Mitsuto Aibara|Aibara]], [[Tetsumi Takahashi|T. Takahashi]] & [[Kazuhiro Nakaya|Nakaya]], 2005</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus caudopunctatus]]'' <small>[[Max Poll|Poll]], 1978</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus chitamwebwai]]'' <small>[[Piet Verburg|Verburg]] & [[Ian Roger Bills|I. R. Bills]], 2007</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus christyi]]'' <small>[[Ethelwynn Trewavas|Trewavas]] & [[Max Poll|Poll]], 1952</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus crassus]]'' <small>([[Pierre Brichard|Brichard]], 1989)</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus cylindricus]]'' <small>[[Wolfgang Staeck|Staeck]] & [[Lothar Seegers|Seegers]], 1986</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus devosi]]'' <small>[[Robert C. Schelly|Schelly]], [[Melanie L. J. Stiassny|Stiassny]] & [[Lothar Seegers|Seegers]], 2003</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus falcicula]]'' <small>([[Pierre Brichard|Brichard]], 1989)</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus fasciatus]]'' <small>[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1898</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus furcifer]]'' <small>[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1898</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus gracilis]]'' <small>([[Pierre Brichard|Brichard]], 1989)</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus helianthus]]'' <small>[[Heinz Heinrich Büscher|Büscher]], 1997</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus leleupi]]'' <small>[[Max Poll|Poll]], 1956</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus leloupi]]'' <small>[[Max Poll|Poll]], 1948</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus longicaudatus]]'' <small>[[Kazuhiro Nakaya|Nakaya]] & [[Masta Mukwaya Gashagaza|Gashagaza]], 1995</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus longior]]'' <small>[[Wolfgang Staeck|Staeck]], 1980</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus marunguensis]]'' <small>[[Heinz Heinrich Büscher|Büscher]], 1989</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus modestus]]'' <small>[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1898</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus mondabu]]'' <small>[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1906</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus multifasciatus]]'' <small>[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1906</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus mustax]]'' <small>[[Max Poll|Poll]], 1978</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus niger]]'' <small>[[Max Poll|Poll]], 1956</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus nigriventris]]'' <small>[[Heinz Heinrich Büscher|Büscher]], 1992</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus obscurus]]'' <small>[[Max Poll|Poll]], 1978</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus olivaceous]]'' <small>([[Pierre Brichard|Brichard]], 1989)</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus pectoralis]]'' <small>[[Heinz Heinrich Büscher|Büscher]], 1991</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus petricola]]'' <small>[[Max Poll|Poll]], 1949</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus pleuromaculatus]]'' <small>[[Ethelwynn Trewavas|Trewavas]] & [[Max Poll|Poll]], 1952</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus prochilus]]'' <small>[[Reeve Maclaren Bailey|R. M. Bailey]] & [[Donald J. Stewart|D. J. Stewart]], 1977</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus pulcher]]'' <small>[[Ethelwynn Trewavas|Trewavas]] & [[Max Poll|Poll]], 1952</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus savoryi]]'' <small>[[Max Poll|Poll]], 1949</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus schreyeni]]'' <small>[[Max Poll|Poll]], 1974</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus sexfasciatus]]'' <small>[[Ethelwynn Trewavas|Trewavas]] & [[Max Poll|Poll]], 1952</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus similis]]'' <small>[[Heinz Heinrich Büscher|Büscher]], 1992</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus splendens]]'' <small>([[Pierre Brichard|Brichard]], 1989)</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus tetracanthus]]'' <small>[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1899</small> (Fourspine cichlid)
* ''[[Neolamprologus timidus]]'' <small>[[Sven O. Kullander|S. O. Kullander]], [[Michael Norén|Norén]], [[Mikael Karlsson (naturalist)|Mi. Karlsson]] & [[Magnus Karlsson (naturalist)|Ma. Karlsson]], 2014</small> <ref name=Kullander2014>Kullander, S.O., Norén, M., Karlsson, M. & Karlsson, M. (2014): [http://www.pfeil-verlag.de/04biol/pdf/ief24_4_03.pdf Description of ''Neolamprologus timidus'', new species, and review of ''N. furcifer'' from Lake Tanganyika (Teleostei: Cichlidae).] ''Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 24 (4) [2013]: 301-328.''</ref>
* ''[[Neolamprologus toae]]'' <small>[[Max Poll|Poll]], 1949</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus tretocephalus]]'' <small>[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1899</small>
* ''[[Lepidiolamprologus variostigma|Neolamprologus variostigma]]'' <small>[[Heinz Heinrich Büscher|Büscher]], 1995</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus ventralis]]'' <small>[[Heinz Heinrich Büscher|Büscher]], 1995</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus walteri]]'' <small>[[Piet Verburg|Verburg]] & [[Ian Roger Bills|I. R. Bills]], 2007</small>
* ''[[Neolamprologus wauthioni]]'' <small>[[Max Poll|Poll]], 1949</small>
{{div col end}}

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==<!-- http://cichlidae.com/article.php?id=35 Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 45 (2007) 706–715 -->
{{commons category}}
* {{aut|Day, Julia J.; Santini, Simona & Garcia-Moreno, Jaime}} (2007): Phylogenetic relationships of the Lake Tanganyika cichlid tribe Lamprologini: The story from mitochondrial DNA. ''[[Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.]]'' '''45'''(2): 629–642. <small>{{doi|10.1016/j.ympev.2007.02.025}}</small> (HTML abstract)
* {{aut|Konings, A.}} (1998): ''Tanganyikan cichlids in their natural habitat''. Cichlid Press.
* {{aut|Llambi, Lenny}} (2003): ''Neolamprologus pulcher'' "Daffodil II". ''Fincinnati'' '''2003'''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101006010207/http://freshwater-aquarium-fish.com/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=192 PDF fulltext]
* {{aut|Sturmbauer, C.; Verheyen. E.; Meyer, A.}} (1994): Mitochondrial phylogeny of the Lamprologini, the major substrate spawning lineage of cichild fishes from Lake Tanganyika in eastern Africa. ''[[Molecular Biology and Evolution|Mol. Biol. Evol.]]'' '''11'''(4): 691-703. [http://www.evolutionsbiologie.uni-konstanz.de/pdf1-182/P030.pdf PDF fulltext]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q132743}}

[[Category:Neolamprologus| ]]
[[Category:Lamprologini]]
[[Category:Fish of Lake Tanganyika|*]]
[[Category:Cichlid genera]]