View source for Neochlamisus

{{short description|Genus of beetles}}
{{Automatic Taxobox
| image = Nbebbianaewillowhostform.jpg
| image_caption = Adult ''[[Neochlamisus bebbianae]]'' on the host plant ''[[Salix bebbiana]]''
| taxon = Neochlamisus
| authority = Karren, 1972
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
| subdivision = 
17–18, see [[#Species|text]]
| synonyms =
''Arthrochlamys'' <small>Ihering, 1904</small><br />
''Chlamys'' <small>Knoch, 1801 (''non'' Röding, 1798: [[Chlamys (bivalve)|preoccupied]])</small>
}}

[[File:Neochlamisus larval case.jpg|thumb|Larval fecal case]]
[[File:Neochlamisus larva.jpg|thumb|Larva removed from its fecal case]]

'''''Neochlamisus''''' is a genus of [[leaf beetle]]s in the tribe [[Fulcidacini]] (the warty leaf beetles). They are members of the case-bearing leaf beetle group, the [[Camptosomata]]. Measuring 3–4 millimeters in length as adults, they are [[crypsis|cryptic]], superficially resembling caterpillar [[frass]]. Seventeen, sometimes 18 species are presently accepted in this genus, all of them occurring in [[North America]] (including [[Mexico]]; some were previously in the genus ''[[Chlamisus]]'').<ref>Karren (1972), Chaboo ''et al.'' (2008)</ref>

==Life history==
In the spring, female ''Neochlamisus'' lay eggs singly on the leaves or stems of their host plant and then form a case of fecal material around each.  The [[larva]]e remain on the natal host plant and add to and enlarge their [[fecal case]]s as they grow. Case enlargement in ''Neochlamisus'' is an elaborate process that larvae perform regularly until the case is sealed to the substrate prior to pupation. During this stage of the life cycle, beetles are immobile and are particularly vulnerable to [[predation]]. After about twenty days the newly hardened adult cuts a clean circle around the apex of the case, lifts this cap, and flies off to feed and mate. ''Neochlamisus'' adults feed and mate on the larval host plant species.<ref>Brown & Funk (2005), Chaboo ''et al.'' (2008)</ref>

''Neochlamisus'' species are typically very host-plant-specific and most species primarily use but a
single host plant genus or even a single species. A rather well-known exception is ''[[Neochlamisus bebbianae|N. bebbianae]]'' which feeds on particular species from six tree genera representing five different plant [[family (biology)|families]]. ''N. bebbianae'' populations associated with each of these plants are referred to as separate "host forms" and are the subject of ongoing studies of host-associated [[speciation]].<ref>Brown (1943, 1946, 1952), Karren (1972), Funk (1998), Funk ''et al.'' (2002), Chaboo ''et al.'' (2008)</ref>

==Species==
Seventeen species are widely recognised:<ref>{{ITIS |id=719783 |taxon=''Neochlamisus'' Karren, 1972}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*''[[Neochlamisus alni]]'' <small>(Brown, 1943)</small>
*''[[Neochlamisus assimilis]]'' <small>(Klug, 1824)</small>
*''[[Neochlamisus bebbianae]]'' <small>(Brown, 1943)</small>
*''[[Neochlamisus bimaculatus]]'' <small>Karren, 1972</small>
*''[[Neochlamisus chamaedaphnes]]'' <small>(Brown, 1943)</small>
*''[[Neochlamisus comptoniae]]'' <small>(Brown, 1943)</small>
*''[[Neochlamisus cribripennis]]'' <small>(J. L. LeConte, 1878)</small>
*''[[Neochlamisus eubati]]'' <small>(Brown, 1952)</small>
*''[[Neochlamisus fragariae]]'' <small>(Brown, 1952)</small>
*''[[Neochlamisus gibbosus]]'' <small>(Fabricius, 1777)</small>
*''[[Neochlamisus insularis]]'' <small>(Schaeffer, 1926)</small>
*''[[Neochlamisus moestificus]]'' <small>(Lacordaire, 1848)</small>
*''[[Neochlamisus platani]]'' <small>(Brown, 1952)</small>
*''[[Neochlamisus scabripennis]]'' <small>(Schaeffer, 1926)</small>
*''[[Neochlamisus subelatus]]'' <small>(Schaeffer, 1926)</small>
*''[[Neochlamisus tuberculatus]]'' <small>(Klug, 1824)</small>
*''[[Neochlamisus velutinus]]'' <small>Karren, 1972</small>
{{div col end}}

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* {{aut|Brown, Christopher G. & Funk, Daniel J.}} (2005): Aspects of the natural history of ''Neochlamisus'' (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): fecal-case-associated life history and behavior, with a method for studying insect constructions. ''[[Annals of the Entomological Society of America]]'' '''98'''(5): 711–725. {{doi|10.1603/0013-8746(2005)098[0711:AOTNHO]2.0.CO;2}} [http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1603%2F0013-8746(2005)098%5B0711%3AAOTNHO%5D2.0.CO%3B2 HTML abstract]
* {{aut|Brown, W.J.}} (1943): The Canadian species of ''Exema'' and ''Arthrochlamys'' (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). ''[[Canadian Entomologist]]'' '''75''': 119–131.
* {{aut|Brown, W.J.}} (1946): Some new Chrysomelidae, with notes on other species (Coleoptera). ''[[Canadian Entomologist]]'' '''84''': 48–49.
* {{aut|Brown, W.J.}} (1952): Some species of Phytophaga (Coleoptera). ''[[Canadian Entomologist]]'' '''84''': 336–342.
* {{aut|Chaboo, Caroline S.; Brown, Christopher G. & Funk, Daniel J.}} (2008): Faecal case architecture in the ''gibbosus'' species group of ''Neochlamisus'' Karren, 1972 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae: Chlamisini). ''[[Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society]]'' '''152'''(2): 315–351. {{doi|10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00343.x}} (HTML abstract)
* {{aut|Funk, Daniel J.}} (1998): Isolating a role for natural selection in speciation: host adaptation and sexual isolation in ''Neochlamisus bebbianae'' leaf beetles. ''[[Evolution (journal)|Evolution]]'' '''52'''(6): 1744–1759. {{doi|10.2307/2411347}} (HTML abstract and first page image)
* {{aut|Funk, Daniel J.; Filchak, K.E. & Feder, J.L.}} (2002): Herbivorous insects: model systems for the comparative study of speciation ecology. ''Genetica'' '''116'''(2-3): 251–267. {{doi|10.1023/A:1021236510453}} (HTML abstract)<!-- [http://www.univ-montp2.fr/~MBPE/funk2002.pdf PDF fulltext] link dead 2008-JAN-08 -->
* {{aut|Karren, J.B.}} (1972): A revision of the subfamily Chlamisinae of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). ''University of Kansas Science Bulletin'' '''49'''(12): 875–988.

{{Taxonbar|from=Q6992112}}

[[Category:Cryptocephalinae]]
[[Category:Chrysomelidae genera]]