View source for Nelore

{{Short description|Breed of cattle}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{imagestack|
[[File:Touro_Nelore_REFON.jpg|300px|thumb|Nelore, [[Avaré]], [[Brazil]]]]}}
[[File:Ocasião Parida de Macho do Xyuc das Reunidas.jpg|thumb|An example of a Brazilian Nelore cow with her young male calf.]]
'''Nelore''' or '''Nellore''' [[cattle]] originated from [[Ongole Cattle]] (''[[Bos indicus]]'') cattle originally brought to [[Brazil]] from [[India]]. They are named after the district of [[Nellore]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]] state in [[India]]. [[Ongole]] taluk was part of Nellore district when they were first exported abroad. The Nelore has a distinct large hump over the top of the shoulder and neck. They have long legs which help them to walk in water and when grazing. The Nelore can adapt to all  except very cold climates. They are very resistant to high temperatures and have natural resistance to various parasites and diseases. Brazil is the largest breeder of Nelore.  Nelore have the shortest ears of most ''[[Zebu|Bos indicus]]'' types. There is a naturally [[Polled livestock|polled]] strain of the breed.

==Breed history==
The first pair of [[Ongole Cattle]] arrived in Brazil by ship in 1868, at Salvador, Bahia. Manoel Ubelhart Lemgruber, from Rio de Janeiro Zoo, bought two more from [[Hamburg]] Zoo in 1878. The most recent importations from [[India]] were of one hundred animals in the 1960s. The Nelore herd book was founded in 1975.

In the first decades of twentieth century, the favored breed of [[zebu]] in [[Brazil]] was the Indubrasil or [[Indo-Brazilian cattle|Indo-Brazilian]], but from the 1960s onwards, Nelore became the primary breed of [[cattle]] in Brazil because of its hardiness, heat-resistance, and because it thrives on poor-quality forage and breeds easily, with the calves rarely requiring human intervention to survive. Currently more than 80% of [[beef cattle]] in Brazil (approximately 167,000,000 animals) are either purebred or hybrid Nelore,<ref>[http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/cattle/nelore/ Oklahoma State University breed profile]</ref> making them the majority breed in Brazil. Bulls of this breed have been exported to many other countries in the Western Hemisphere, such as [[United States]] and [[Venezuela]] in the last decades.

==Main lineages in Brazil==

The vast majority of Nelores created today comes from lineages that entered Brazil from [[India]] in the 1950s and 60's. These lineages are: [[Karvardi]], Taj Mahal, Golias, Godhavari, Rastan, Akasamu and Padhu(4).

== See also ==

* [[Viatina-19 FIV Mara Imóveis]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Nelore}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080514202307/http://cattle-today.com/Nelore.htm Nelore Cattle-Cattle Today]
* (1) [http://www.nelore.org.br/ ACNB: Associação dos Criadores de Nelore do Brasil (Nelore Breeders Association of Brazil)] (official site, in Brazilian Portuguese)
* (2) [http://www.abcz.org.br/ ABCZ: Associação Brasileira dos Criadores de Zebu (Brazilian Zebu Breeders Association)] (in Brazilian Portuguese)
* (3) [http://revistapesquisa.fapesp.br/?art=1271&bd=1&pg=1&lg=en Site in English]
* (4) [http://outdoors.webshots.com/photo/2087473010059171411liHLPc Short site in English] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120215110130/http://outdoors.webshots.com/photo/2087473010059171411liHLPc |date=15 February 2012 }}
* (5) [http://www.fazsantabarbara.com.br/index.php?esc=4 Site in Portuguese] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223061326/http://www.fazsantabarbara.com.br/index.php?esc=4 |date=23 December 2018 }}
* (6) [http://www.fao.org/docrep/v0600t/v0600T04.htm FAO site]

{{Cattle breeds of Brazil}}
[[Category:Animal husbandry in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Cattle breeds]]
[[Category:Beef cattle breeds]]
[[Category:Cattle breeds originating in Brazil]]