View source for Near Earth Object Surveillance Satellite

{{Short description|Microsatellite from Canada}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2014}}
{{Infobox spaceflight|auto=all
| name                  = Near Earth Object Surveillance Satellite
| image                 = 
| image_caption         =

| mission_type          = Asteroid detection
| operator              = [[Canadian Space Agency|CSA]], [[Defence Research and Development Canada|DRDC]]<ref name="csa-neossat" />
| website               = {{url|http://neossat.ca/}}
| COSPAR_ID             = 2013-009D
| SATCAT                = 39089
| mission_duration      = Primary mission: 1 year<ref name="neosurv2009" /> <br/> <small>Elapsed: {{Age in years, months and days|2013|02|25}}</small>

| spacecraft_bus        = Multi-Mission Microsatellite Bus<ref name="gizmag20130221"/>
| manufacturer          = [[David Florida Laboratory]], [[SPECTRO Analytical Instruments|Spectro]], Microsat Systems<ref name="neossat-partners" />
| dry_mass              = 
| launch_mass           = {{convert|74|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="msci" />
| dimensions            = {{convert|137|xx|78|xx|38|cm|in|abbr=on}}<ref name="msci" />
| power                 = 45&nbsp;watts<ref name="msci" />

| launch_date           = {{start-date|February 25, 2013, 12:31|timezone=yes}}&nbsp;UTC
| launch_rocket         = [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle|PSLV-CA]] C20
| launch_site           = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre|Satish Dhawan]] [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre First Launch Pad|FLP]]
| launch_contractor     = [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]]/[[Antrix Corporation|Antrix]]

| disposal_type         = 
| deactivated           = <!-- {{end-date|[August 25, 2020]}} -->

| orbit_epoch           =  24, 20, 10:52:44&nbsp;UTC<ref name="n2yo">{{cite web|url=http://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=39089|title=NEOSSAT Satellite details 2013-009D NORAD 39089|publisher=N2YO|date=January 24, 2015|access-date=January 25, 2015}}</ref>
| orbit_reference       = [[geocentric orbit|Geocentric]]
| orbit_regime          = [[Sun-synchronous orbit|Sun-synchronous]]<ref name="sfn20130223" />
| orbit_periapsis       = {{convert|776|km|abbr=on}}<ref name="n2yo"/>
| orbit_apoapsis        = {{convert|792|km|abbr=on}}<ref name="n2yo"/>
| orbit_inclination     = 98.61&nbsp;degrees<ref name="n2yo"/>
| orbit_semimajor       = {{convert|7155.78|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref name="n2yo"/>
| orbit_mean_motion     = 14.34<ref name="n2yo"/>
| orbit_period          = 100.41&nbsp;minutes<ref name="n2yo"/>
| apsis                 = gee
}}

The '''Near Earth Object Surveillance Satellite''' ('''NEOSSat''')<ref name="Hildebrand2008"/> is a Canadian [[microsatellite (spaceflight)|microsatellite]] using a 15-cm aperture f/5.88 [[Maksutov telescope|Maksutov]] [[telescope]] (similar to that on the [[MOST (satellite)|MOST]] spacecraft), with 3-axis stabilisation giving a pointing stability of ~2 [[arcsecond]]s in a ~100 second exposure. It is funded by the [[Canadian Space Agency]] (CSA) and [[Defence Research and Development Canada]] (DRDC),<ref name="csa-neossat" /> and searches for interior-to-Earth-orbit (IEO) [[asteroid]]s,<ref name="CalHerald20080502"/><ref name="eureka20080626"/> at between 45 and 55 degree [[solar elongation]] and +40 to -40 degrees [[ecliptic latitude]].<ref name="gizmag20130221"/>

== Spacecraft ==
NEOSSat is a suitcase-sized [[microsatellite (spaceflight)|microsatellite]] measuring {{convert|137|xx|78|xx|38|cm|in}}, including telescope [[wikt:baffle|baffle]], and weighing {{convert|74|kg|lb}}.<ref name="msci" /><ref name="globemail20130223" /> It is powered by [[gallium arsenide]] (GaAs) [[multijunction photovoltaic cell|solar cells]] placed on all six sides of its frame;<ref name="msci" /> the entire spacecraft uses around 80 watts of power,<ref name="toronto20130202" /> with the [[satellite bus|bus]] core systems consuming an average of 45 watts.<ref name="msci" /> The spacecraft uses miniature [[reaction wheel]]s for stabilization and attitude control,<ref name="neossat-sat" /><ref name="space20080623" /> and [[magnetorquer|magnetic torque rods]] to dump excess momentum by pushing against Earth's magnetic field,<ref name="neossat-sat" /><ref name="msci" /> so no on-board fuel is required for operation.<ref name="space20080623" />

NEOSSat is a descendant of Canada's earlier [[MOST (satellite)|MOST]] satellite. It was built on the Multi-Mission Microsatellite Bus, which was created using data from the development of MOST.<ref name="eureka20080626" /> Its science payload includes a telescope of the same design as that on MOST,<ref name="gizmag20130221"/><ref name="sfn20130223" /> and uses spare [[charge-coupled device|CCD detectors]] from the MOST mission.<ref name="sfn20130223" />

The sole instrument is a {{convert|15|cm|adj=on}} [[Maksutov telescope|Rumak-Maksutov telescope]] with a 0.86 [[degree (angle)|degree]] [[field of view]] and a {{f/}}5.88 [[F-number#Focal length in telescopes|focal ratio]].<ref name="msci" /> Incoming light is split and focused on two passively cooled 1024×1024 pixel CCDs,<ref name="msci" /> one used by the NESS and HEOSS projects and the other by the spacecraft's [[star tracker]].<ref name="neossat-sat" /> Since the telescope is aimed relatively close to the Sun, it contains a baffle to shield its detectors from intense sunlight.<ref name="sfn20130223" /> The science camera takes 100-second-long exposures, allowing it to detect celestial objects down to [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]] 20.<ref name="sfn20130223" /> NEOSSat's attitude control allows it to maintain [[control theory|pointing stability]] of less than one [[arcsecond]] during the entire 100 second exposure period.<ref name="msci" /><ref name="space20080623" /> It takes up to 288 images per day,<ref name="sfn20130223" /> downloading multiple images to its Canadian ground station with each pass.<ref name="eureka20080626" />

== Launch ==
NEOSSat was originally scheduled for launch in 2007,<ref name="wallace2004" /> but delays set it back until 2013.<ref name="sfn20130225"/> Alongside another Canadian spacecraft, [[Sapphire (satellite)|Sapphire]] (a military surveillance satellite), and five other satellites, NEOSSat launched on February 25, 2013, from the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] in [[Sriharikota]], India, at 12:31 [[UTC]] aboard an Indian [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle|PSLV-C20]] rocket.<ref name="space20130225"/><ref name="zee20130225"/>

== Missions ==
The NEOSSat satellite carries out three missions.

The spacecraft is a demonstrator of the utility of the ''Multi-Mission Microsatellite Bus'' (MMMB) as part of the CSA's efforts to develop an affordable multi-mission bus.<ref name="esa-neossat"/><ref name="Wallace2014"/>

''Near Earth Space Surveillance'' (NESS),<ref name="Hildebrand2008"/> led by Principal Investigator [[Alan Hildebrand]] of the University of Calgary, uses NEOSSat to search for and track near-Earth asteroids inside Earth's orbit around the Sun, including asteroids in the [[Aten asteroid|Aten]] and [[Apohele asteroid|Atira]] classes. These asteroids are particularly difficult to detect from the surface of the Earth, as they are usually positioned in the daylit or twilit sky, when background light from the Sun makes such faint objects invisible. This form of stray light is not an issue for a telescope in orbit, making even a small-aperture telescope such as that on NEOSSat capable of detecting faint asteroids. The NESS science team expects to be able to detect many such asteroids as faint as visual magnitude 19. The NESS mission is funded by the CSA.

''High Earth Orbit Space Surveillance'' (HEOSS),<ref name="harvey2008"/> led by Principal Investigator Brad Wallace of DRDC, uses NEOSSat to conduct experimental satellite tracking activities. It focuses principally on satellites in the {{convert|15000|to|40000|km|abbr=on}} range,<ref name="esa-neossat"/> such as geostationary communications satellites, which are difficult to track via ground-based radar. These experiments include submitting tracking data to the [[United States Space Surveillance Network|Space Surveillance Network]], as part of Canada's role in [[North American Aerospace Defense Command|NORAD]]. The HEOSS activities support planning for follow-on missions to the Canadian Department of National Defence's operational satellite-tracking satellite, [[Sapphire (satellite)|Sapphire]], which was launched with NEOSSat. The HEOSS mission is funded by DRDC.

== Development ==
NEOSSat, originally conceived under the name NESS ("Near Earth Space Surveillance"),<ref name="carroll2000" /> was proposed by Dynacon in 2000 to DRDC and CSA as a follow-on to the [[MOST (satellite)|MOST]] microsatellite mission which was then halfway through its development. As conceived during an initial Phase A study for DRDC, it would have re-used almost all of the equipment designs from MOST, the main addition being a large external baffle to reduce the stray light impinging on the instrument's focal plane, necessary in order to achieve its asteroid detection sensitivity target of magnitude 19.

DRDC's Technology Demonstration Program (TDP) approved CDN$6.5M of funding for NEOSSat in 2003. By mid-2004 CSA had approved the remaining funding needed to initiate the NEOSSat procurement, and with DRDC formed a Joint Program Office to manage the mission development.<ref name="wallace2004" /> At this point the spacecraft's name was changed from NESS to NEOSSat. A final Phase A study was carried out under CSA supervision in 2005, and a Phase B/C/D procurement was carried out in 2006/07, with a total development price cap of CDN$9.8M (not including launch cost). Dynacon was selected as prime contractor in 2007, at which point the total development cost was reported as CDN$11.5M, with a target launch date of late 2009.<ref name="bedard2007" /> Shortly after that, Dynacon sold its Space division to Microsat Systems Canada Inc. (MSCI), which completed development of NEOSSat.

As development proceeded, while the basic design concept was kept, much of the equipment in the satellite was replaced by new designs in order to meet requirements imposed by the CSA's Multi-Mission Microsatellite Bus program.<ref name="harvey2008" /> The basic instrument design was kept, as was the basic structure design, and the attitude control subsystem sensors and actuators; the on-board computers and radios were replaced, the instrument readout electronics was redesigned, and the external instrument "door" was replaced by an internal shutter.

By 2012, the CSA's contribution to program funding had risen by CDN$3.4M to CDN$8.8M, implying a total program contracted-out cost to end of satellite commissioning of CDN$15.4M.<ref name="DPR2011-2012"/> However, according to a Canadian Space Agency audit, the total program cost by the end of 2013 was CDN$25M, including both CSA and DRDC costs, with CSA's portion of the cost reported at just under CDN$13M.<ref name="CSAAudit2014"/>

=== Audit of the NEOSSat program ===
In February 2014, the CSA released a report detailing the results of an audit of the NEOSSat program, commissioned by CSA and conducted by external companies.<ref name="CSAAudit2014"/> This audit, carried out as "a requirement of the CSA five-year evaluation plan", covers only the period beginning with the signing of the CSA's NEOSSat contracts in 2005 through the end of 2013.<ref name="CSAAudit2014"/> Reports highlighted several negative findings of the audit, including delays in the program, and problems experienced by the satellite on-orbit that have kept it from achieving operational status. This includes the Electrical Power Subsystem interfering with the imager CCD, and delays in the development of flight software needed for operating the camera and maintaining spacecraft pointing stability.<ref name="Wallace2014"/> These problems were mainly attributed to poor performance by the contractor, MSCI, as well as to a perception that the project had been "under-funded by as much as 50 per cent" from the outset.<ref name="ottawa20140706"/> However, MSCI has disputed criticism against the company, saying that program requirements were poorly written and that CSA staff interfered with the satellite's construction.<ref name="ottawa20140727"/>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
* [[2013 in spaceflight]]
* [[Science and technology in Canada]]
*[[List of near-Earth object observation projects]]

== References ==
{{reflist |refs=
<ref name="csa-neossat">{{cite web |url=http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/satellites/neossat/ |title=NEOSSat: Canada's Sentinel in the Sky |work=ASC-CSA.gc.ca |publisher=Canadian Space Agency |date=February 25, 2013 |access-date=March 13, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="neosurv2009">{{cite book |url=http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12738&page=15 |title=Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies: Interim Report |publisher=National Academies Press |location=Washington, D.C. |author=National Research Council |page=15 |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-309-14361-5 |oclc=609851795}}</ref>

<ref name="gizmag20130221">{{cite news |url=http://www.gizmag.com/neossat/26337/ |title=First asteroid-tracking satellite will be Canadian |work=Gizmag |first=David |last=Szondy |date=February 21, 2013 |access-date=March 13, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="neossat-partners">{{cite web |url=http://neossat.ca/?page_id=123 |title=Partners |work=Neossat.org |publisher=University of Calgary |year=2013 |access-date=March 13, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226175534/http://neossat.ca/?page_id=123 |archive-date=December 26, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="msci">{{cite web |url=http://www.mscinc.ca/products/neossat.html |title=NEOSSat Specs |work=MSCInc.ca |year=2013 |access-date=March 13, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="sfn20130223">{{cite news |url=http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n1302/23neossat/ |title=Canadian asteroid-hunting satellite to launch Monday |work=SpaceflightNow.com |first=Stephen |last=Clark |date=February 23, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130304195926/http://www.spaceflightnow.com/news/n1302/23neossat/ |archive-date=March 4, 2013 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="Hildebrand2008">{{cite conference |url=http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2008/pdf/8293.pdf |title=The Near Earth Object Surveillance Satellite (NEOSSat) Mission Will Conduct an Efficient Space-Based Asteroid Survey at Low Solar Elongations |conference=10th Asteroids, Comets, Meteors. July 14–18, 2008. Baltimore, Maryland. |first1=A. R. |last1=Hildebrand |first2=E. F. |last2=Tedesco |first3=K. A. |last3=Carroll |first4=R. D. |last4=Cardinal |first5=J. M. |last5=Matthews |first6=B. |last6=Gladman |first7=N. R. |last7=Kaiser |first8=P. G. |last8=Brown |first9=P. |last9=Wiegert |first10=S. M. |last10=Larson |first11=S. P. |last11=Worden |first12=B. J. |last12=Wallace |first13=P. W. |last13=Chodas |first14=M. |last14=Granvik |first15=P. |last15=Gural |display-authors=5 |year=2008 |id=Paper id 8293 |bibcode=2008LPICo1405.8293H}}</ref>

<ref name="CalHerald20080502">{{cite news |url=http://www.canada.com/topics/news/world/story.html?id=278ed690-ccf5-4bdd-88ee-ce83eecb2db4&k=41066 |title=Canada space mission targets asteroids |work=[[Calgary Herald]] via Canada.com |first=Tom |last=Spears |date=May 2, 2008 |access-date=June 27, 2008}}</ref>

<ref name="eureka20080626">{{cite press release |url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-06/uoc-asa062508.php |title=Asteroid-hunting satellite a world first |publisher=Eurekalert.org |first=Grady |last=Semmens |date=June 26, 2008 |access-date=February 25, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="globemail20130223">{{cite news |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/canadian-satellite-launches-monday-to-stand-on-guard-against-meteors/article9005608/ |title=Canadian satellite launches Monday to stand on guard against meteors |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |first=Peter |last=Rakobowchuk |date=February 23, 2013 |access-date=March 14, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="toronto20130202">{{cite news |url=http://www.torontosun.com/2013/02/02/canadas-tiny-satellite-keeps-an-eye-out-for-danger-and-opportunities-from-above |title=Canada's tiny satellite keeps an eye out for danger and opportunities from above |newspaper=[[Toronto Sun]] |first=Daniel |last=Proussalidis |date=February 2, 2013 |access-date=March 14, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="neossat-sat">{{cite web |url=http://neossat.ca/?page_id=90 |title=The Satellite |work=Neossat.org |publisher=University of Calgary |year=2013 |access-date=March 13, 2013 |archive-date=March 3, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130303073812/http://neossat.ca/?page_id=90 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="space20080623">{{cite news |url=http://www.space.com/5648-small-satellite-designed-spot-big-bad-asteroids.html |title=Small Satellite Designed to Spot Big Bad Asteroids |work=Space.com |first=Jeremy |last=Hsu |date=July 23, 2008 |access-date=March 14, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="wallace2004">{{cite conference |url=http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/proceeding.aspx?articleid=1319552 |title=The Near Earth Object Surveillance Satellite (NEOSSat) |conference=Photonics North 2004: Photonic Applications in Astronomy, Biomedicine, Imaging, Materials Processing, and Education. Ottawa, Ontario. September 26–29, 2004. |first1=Brad |last1=Wallace |first2=Frank L. |last2=Pinkney |first3=Robert |last3=Scott |first4=Donald |last4=Bédard |first5=Jim |last5=Rody |first6=Martin P. |last6=Levesque |first7=Sylvie |last7=Buteau |first8=Tom |last8=Racey |first9=Doug |last9=Burrell |first10=Aaron |last10=Spaans |first11=Alan |last11=Hildebrand |display-authors=5 |year=2004 |doi=10.1117/12.567077|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

<ref name="sfn20130225">{{cite news |url=http://www.spaceflightnow.com/news/n1302/23neossat/ |title=Canadian asteroid-hunting satellite to launch Monday |work=Spaceflight Now |first=Stephen |last=Clark |date=February 23, 2013 |access-date=February 25, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="space20130225">{{cite news |url=http://www.space.com/19939-asteroid-satellite-indian-rocket-launch.html |title=Indian Rocket Launches Asteroid-Hunting Satellites, Tiny Space Telescopes |work=Space.com |first=Miriam |last=Kramer |date=February 25, 2013 |access-date=February 25, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="zee20130225">{{cite news |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/space/isro-launches-pslv-c20-indo-french-satellite-saral_831341.html |title=PSLV carrying Indo-French satellite 'SARAL' launched |work=[[Zee News]] |date=February 25, 2013 |access-date=February 25, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="esa-neossat">{{cite web |url=https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/n/neossat |title=NEOSSat (Near-Earth Object Surveillance Satellite) |publisher=European Space Agency |access-date=October 20, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="Wallace2014">{{cite conference |url=http://www.amostech.com/TechnicalPapers/2014/Space_Systems/WALLACE.pdf |title=The Near Earth Object Surveillance Satellite: Mission status and CCD evolution after 18 months on-orbit |conference=2014 Advanced Maui Optical and Space Surveillance Technologies Conference. September 9–12, 2014. Maui, Hawaii. |first1=Brad |last1=Wallace |first2=Robert |last2=Scott |first3=Michael |last3=Sale |first4=Alan |last4=Hildebrand |first5=Rob |last5=Cardinal |date=2014}}</ref>

<ref name="harvey2008">{{cite conference |url=http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/smallsat/2008/all2008/18/ |title=NEOSSat: A Collaborative Microsatellite Project for Space Based Object Detection |conference=22nd Annual AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites. August 11–14, 2008. Logan, Utah. |first1=Harvey |last1=William |first2=Tony |last2=Morris |year=2008 |id=Paper id SSC08-III-5}}</ref>

<ref name="carroll2000">{{cite conference |url=http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/smallsat/2000/All2000/9/ |title=NESS: Using a Microsatellite to Search For and Track Satellites and Asteroids |conference=14th Annual AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites. August 21–24, 2000. Logan, Utah. |first1=Kieran A. |last1=Carroll |first2=Alan |last2=Hildebrand |first3=David |last3=Balam |first4=Jaymie |last4=Matthews |year=2000 |id=Paper id SSC00-II-1}}</ref>

<ref name="bedard2007">{{cite conference |url=http://www.responsivespace.com/Papers/RS5/SESSION%20PAPERS/SESSION%203/3004_BEDARD/3004C.pdf |title=Responsive Space for the Canadian Forces |conference=AIAA 5th Responsive Space Conference. April 23–26, 2007. Los Angeles, California. |first1=Donald |last1=Bédard |first2=Aaron |last2=Spaans |year=2007 |id=Paper id AIAA-RS-5-2007-3004 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150603032623/http://www.responsivespace.com/Papers/RS5/SESSION%20PAPERS/SESSION%203/3004_BEDARD/3004C.pdf |archive-date=June 3, 2015 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="DPR2011-2012">{{cite web |url=http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/publications/pr-2012-annexes.asp |title=Canadian Space Agency Departmental Performance Report 2011-2012 - Annexes |publisher=Canadian Space Agency |year=2012 |access-date=July 9, 2013 |archive-date=October 17, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017081447/http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/publications/pr-2012-annexes.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="CSAAudit2014">{{cite web |url=http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/pdf/eng/publications/er-1314-0202.pdf |title=Evaluation of the Near Earth Object Surveillance Satellite (NEOSSat) Project |publisher=Canadian Space Agency |date=February 2014 |access-date=September 24, 2014 |id=Project 13/14 02-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506014756/http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/pdf/eng/publications/er-1314-0202.pdf |archive-date=May 6, 2015 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="ottawa20140706">{{cite news |url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/asteroid-tracking-satellite-not-up-to-the-job-review |title=Asteroid-tracking satellite not up to the job: review |work=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |first=Jordan |last=Press |date=July 6, 2014 |access-date=September 24, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="ottawa20140727">{{cite news |url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/satellite-company-blames-canadian-space-agency-for-some-cost-overruns |title=Satellite company blames Canadian Space Agency for some cost overruns |work=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |first=Jordan |last=Press |date=July 27, 2014 |access-date=September 24, 2014}}</ref>

}}

== Further reading ==
*{{cite conference |title=NEOSSat: a Canadian small space telescope for near Earth asteroid detection |book-title=Proceedings of SPIE, Conference Volume 7010 |conference=Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2008: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter. June 23–28, 2008. Marseille, France. |publisher=SPIE |location=Bellingham, WA |first1=Denis |last1=Laurin |first2=Alan |last2=Hildebrand |first3=Rob |last3=Cardinal |first4=William |last4=Harvey |first5=Siamak |last5=Tafazoli |date=July 12, 2008 |bibcode=2008SPIE.7010E..13L |doi=10.1117/12.789736}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.neossat.ca/|NEOSSat official website}}
* [http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/satellites/neossat/ CSA NEOSSat website]

{{Orbital launches in 2013}}
{{Space observatories}}
{{Planetary defense}}
{{Canadian Space Agency}}

[[Category:Satellites orbiting Earth]]
[[Category:Near-Earth object tracking]]
[[Category:Optical telescopes]]
[[Category:Satellites of Canada]]
[[Category:Space telescopes]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 2013]]