View source for Naturalization

{{Short description|Citizenship acquisition by non-nationals}}
{{For|the biology usage|Naturalisation (biology)|Invasive species}}
[[File:Naturalization Residence Requirements by Country (Years of Residence).svg|thumb|400px|Residence requirements in years for naturalization by country:
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break}}
{{legend|#0033CC|2 years}}
{{legend|#0059FF|2.5 years}}
{{legend|#3399FF|3 years}}
{{legend|#66B2FF|4 years}}
{{legend|#99CCFF|5 years}}
{{legend|#FFF87A|7 years}}
{{Col-break}}
{{legend|#FFEB66|8 years}}
{{legend|#FFD000|9 years}}
{{legend|#FFAA00|10 years}}
{{legend|#F08000|12 years}}
{{legend|#F06000|14 years}}
{{legend|#FF4400|15 years}}
{{Col-break}}
{{legend|#CC0000|20 years}}
{{legend|#990000|25 years}}
{{legend|#660000|30 years}}
{{legend|#330000|35 years}}
{{legend|#000000|No naturalization allowed}}
{{legend|#9B9B9B|Not stated by law or varies}}
{{legend|#c0c0c0ff|No data}}
{{Col-end}}]]
[[File:Dual Citizenship.svg|thumb|400px|
{{legend|#73D216|Multiple nationality allowed without restriction}}
{{legend|#CC0000|Multiple nationality restricted to specific cases}}]]
[[File:Jus soli world.svg|upright=1.35|thumb|Countries by birthright citizenship:
{{legend|#0000ff|Unconditional birthright citizenship for persons born in the country}}
{{legend|#00ccff|Birthright citizenship with restrictions}}
{{legend|#ccffff|Birthright citizenship abolished}}
{{legend|#E0E0E0|No birthright citizenship}}]]
{{legal status of persons}}

'''Naturalization''' (or '''naturalisation''') is the legal act or process by which a [[Alien (law)|non-national]] of a country acquires the [[nationality]] of that country after birth.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2019-06-19 |title=International Migration Law No. 34 - Glossary on Migration |url=https://publications.iom.int/books/international-migration-law-ndeg34-glossary-migration |journal=[[International Organization for Migration]] |language=en |issn=1813-2278}}</ref> The definition of naturalization by the [[International Organization for Migration|International Organization for Migration of the United Nations]] excludes citizenship that is automatically acquired (e.g. at birth) or is acquired by declaration. Naturalization usually involves an [[petition|application]] or a [[motion (legal)|motion]] and approval by legal authorities. The rules of naturalization vary from country to country but typically include a promise to obey and uphold that country's laws and taking and subscribing to an [[oath of allegiance]], and may specify other requirements such as a minimum legal [[permanent residency|residency]] and adequate knowledge of the national dominant language or culture. To counter [[multiple citizenship]], some countries require that applicants for naturalization renounce any other citizenship that they currently hold, but whether this renunciation actually causes [[loss of citizenship|loss of original citizenship]], as seen by the host country and by the original country, will depend on the laws of the countries involved. Naturalization is [[Politicisation|politicized]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Drometer |first1=Marcus |last2=Méango |first2=Romuald |date=2020 |title=Electoral cycles, partisan effects and US naturalization policies |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/48733148 |journal=Public Choice |volume=183 |issue=1/2 |pages=43–68 |doi=10.1007/s11127-019-00687-3 |jstor=48733148 |issn=0048-5829}}</ref> due to the reshaping of the [[Election#Electorate|electorate]] of the country.<ref name="r054">{{cite web | last=Jordan | first=Miriam | title=Immigrants Are Becoming U.S. Citizens at Fastest Clips in Years | website=The New York Times | date=12 August 2024 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/12/us/immigration-us-citizenship-rates.html | access-date=13 August 2024}}</ref>

== History ==
The massive increase in population flux due to [[globalization]] and the sharp increase in the numbers of [[refugee]]s following [[World War I]] created many [[stateless person]]s, people who were not citizens of any state. In some rare cases, laws for mass naturalization were passed. As naturalization laws had been designed to cater for the relatively few people who had voluntarily moved from one country to another (expatriates), many [[western democracies]] were not ready to naturalize large numbers of people. This included the massive influx of stateless people which followed massive [[denationalization]]s and the expulsion of [[ethnic minority|ethnic minorities]] from newly created [[nation states]] in the first part of the 20th century.<ref>Cohn, D'Vera (30 September 2015).  [https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2015/09/30/how-u-s-immigration-laws-and-rules-have-changed-through-history/ How U.S. immigration laws and rules have changed through history]. Retrieved 24 December 2023.</ref><ref>Bolger, Eilleen (2013). [https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/federal/naturalization-process-in-u-s-early-history/ Background history of the United States naturalization process]. Retrieved 24 December 2023.</ref><ref>Roeder, Philip G. ''Where Nation-States Come From: Institutional Change in the Age of Nationalism''. Princeton University Press, 2007. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt7t07k. Accessed 24 December 2023.</ref>

Since [[World War II]], the increase in [[Human migration|international migrations]] created a new category of migrants, most of them [[economic migrants]]. For economic, political, humanitarian and pragmatic reasons, many states passed laws allowing a person to acquire their citizenship after birth, such as by marriage to a national – ''[[jus matrimonii]]'' – or by having ancestors who are nationals of that country, in order to reduce the scope of this category. However, in some countries this system still maintains a large part of the immigrant population in an illegal status, albeit with some massive regularizations. Examples include Spain under [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]]'s government, and Italy under [[Silvio Berlusconi]]'s government. Some countries allow naturalization due to [[military service]].<ref name="x686">{{cite journal | title=Fighting for Citizenship: A Look at Military Paths to Citizenship in the United States and France  | journal=38 Ariz. J. Int'l & Comp. L. 345 | date= 2021–2022 | volume=38 | page=345 | url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/ajicl38&div=20&id=&page= | access-date=1 March 2025 | last1=Smedley | first1=Jessica }}</ref>

== Countries without a path to naturalization ==
[[Myanmar]] and [[Uruguay]] are currently the only countries in the world that deny immigrants any path to naturalization. Uruguayan legal citizenship has special characteristics. A person who acquires it retains their nationality of origin, which is determined by Uruguayan law to be that of their country of birth and is therefore immutable. Legal citizens acquire political rights but do not acquire Uruguayan nationality as natural citizens do. According to Uruguayan law, those born in Uruguay or whose parents or grandparents are Uruguayan natural citizens are considered to be Uruguayan nationals.

As a result of Uruguay's unusual distinction between citizenship and nationality (it is the only country in the world that recognizes the right to citizenship without being a national), legal citizens have encountered problems with their Uruguayan passports at airports around the world since 2015. This is due to recommendations in the seventh edition of Doc. 9303 of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), which requires that travel documents issued by participating states include the "Nationality" field. The lack of a naturalization path means that the Nationality field in legal citizens' passports indicates their country of birth, which Uruguay assumes to be their nationality of origin. Many countries do not accept passports issued by a country that declares the holder to be a national of another country. As a consequence, it has severely curtailed legal citizens' exercise of the right to free movement, as their travel abroad is often difficult or downright impossible.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.somostodos.uy/cumplimiento-de-la-oaci |website=Somos Todos Uruguayos |access-date=12 March 2023 |title=Cumplimiento de la OACI }}</ref>

== Mass naturalizations ==
A few rare mass naturalization processes have been implemented by nation states. In 1891, Brazil granted naturalization to all aliens living in the country.<ref>[http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/Constituicao/Constituiçao91.htm Constituição Da República Dos EstadosUnidos Do Brasil (De 24 De Fevereiro De 1891)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130804130509/http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/Constituicao/Constitui%C3%A7ao91.htm |date=2013-08-04 }}, Presidência da República – Casa Civil, art. 69</ref> In accordance with the [[population exchange between Greece and Turkey|1923 population exchange agreement between Greece and Turkey]] following the [[Armistice of Mudanya]] and end of [[World War I|World War]] in [[Anatolia]], Greece rapidly naturalized all Greek, Roman or Orthodox Christian people fled from Turkey after the [[Armistice of Mudanya|defeat of Greek Army in Turkey]]. Reciprocally, the Republic of Turkey naturalized all Turk or Muslim refugees and deportees (Bosniaks, Pomaks, Macedons, Muslim Greeks) from Balkans (after [[Balkan Wars]]), Greece and other former regions of Ottoman Empire during redemption period. Another massive naturalization process was in favor of Armenian people coming from [[Anatolia]], who went to [[Syria]], [[Lebanon]] or other territorries of former [[Ottoman Empire]]. In 1980s and 1990s [[1989 expulsion of Turks from Bulgaria|Turks and Muslims living in Bulgaria were forced to leave Bulgaria]] in a massive campaign. Republic of Turkey accepted almost all refugees and deportees from Bulgaria and naturalized them. A significant refugee from that era was the athlete [[Naim Süleymanoğlu]].

[[Canada]] instituted a mass naturalization by [[Act of Parliament]] with the enactment of the [[Canadian Citizenship Act 1946]].

After [[annexation]] of the territories east of the [[Curzon line]] by the [[Soviet Union]] in 1945, Soviets naturalized ''en masse'' all the inhabitants of those territories—including ethnic [[Polish people|Poles]], as well as its other citizens who had been deported into the Soviet Union, mainly to [[Kazakhstan]]. Later on{{When|date=January 2022}}, [[Germany]] granted to the ethnic [[Germans|German]] population in [[Russia]] and Kazakhstan full citizenship rights. Poland has a limited [[repatriation]] program in place.

In the late 1970s, President [[Ferdinand Marcos]] facilitated the mass naturalization of ethnic Chinese in the Philippines.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pacho |first1=Arturo |title=The Naturalization Process and the Chinese in the Philippines |journal=Philippine Journal of Public Administration |date=July 1980 |volume=XXIV |issue=3 |url=https://www.pssc.org.ph/wp-content/pssc-archives/Philippine%20Journal%20of%20Public%20Administration/1980/Num%203/05_The%20Naturalization%20Process%20and%20the%20Chinese.pdf |access-date=31 October 2023}}</ref>

The most recent massive naturalization case resulted from the [[Argentine economic crisis (1999–2002)|Argentine economic crisis]] in the beginning of the 21st century. Existing or slightly updated [[right of return]] laws in [[Spain]] and [[Italy]] allowed many of their [[diaspora|diasporic]] descendants to obtain—in many cases to regain—naturalization in virtue of ''[[jus sanguinis]]'', as in the Greek case. Hence, many Argentines acquired European nationality.

Since the [[Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution]] grants citizenship only to those "born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof", and the original [[United States Constitution]] only grants Congress the power of naturalization, it could be argued that all acts of Congress that expand the right of citizenship are cases of mass naturalization.  This includes the acts that extended U.S. citizenship to citizens of [[Puerto Rico]], the [[United States Virgin Islands]], [[Guam]], and the [[Northern Mariana Islands]], as well as the [[Indian Citizenship Act of 1924]] which made all [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] citizens (most of them were previously excluded under the "jurisdiction" clause of the 14th Amendment).

In the eastern Malaysian state of [[Sabah]], mass naturalization also occurred during the administration of [[United Sabah National Organisation]] (USNO) and [[Sabah People's United Front]] (BERJAYA's) Muslim-dominated political parties to increase the Muslim population in the territory by naturalising immigrants and refugees from the mainly-Muslim dominated areas of [[Mindanao]] and [[Sulu Archipelago]] of the Philippines and [[Sulawesi]] of Indonesia.<ref>{{cite book|first=Kamal|last=Sadiq|title=Paper Citizens: How Illegal Immigrants Acquire Citizenship in Developing Countries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xDa6LrF1yCIC&pg=PA49|date=2 December 2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-970780-5|pages=49–178}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ww2.sabah.gov.my/lbk/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=79&Itemid=538|title=Mustapha Bertanggungjawab Ubah Demografi Sabah|author=Nigel|language=ms|work=Sabah State Government|publisher=Kudat Town Board|date=16 August 2013|access-date=1 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601030334/http://ww2.sabah.gov.my/lbk/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=79&Itemid=538 |archive-date=1 June 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.usm.my/km/33(2)2015/km33022015_01.pdf |title=Patronage, Power and Prowess: Barisan Nasional's Equilibrium Dominance in East Malaysia |first=Faisal H. |last=Hazis |work=Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia |publisher=Universiti Sains Malaysia |year=2015 |access-date=19 June 2016 |pages=15/24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619080534/http://web.usm.my/km/33%282%292015/km33022015_01.pdf |archive-date=19 June 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Illegal naturalization==
Naturalization can be declared illegal.<ref name="c076">{{cite web | last=McNeil | first=Sam | title=EU's top court orders end to Malta's 'golden passport' program | website=AP News | date=29 April 2025 | url=https://apnews.com/article/malta-eu-court-passport-visas-ruling-67645b54f38cf50dafb55aeb697627ce | access-date=3 May 2025}}</ref>

=== In occupied territories ===
The mass naturalization of native people in occupied territories is illegal under the laws of war (Hague and Geneva Conventions).  However, there have been many instances of such illegal mass naturalizations in the 20th century.{{Citation needed|date=September 2010}}

== Summary by country ==
The following list is a brief summary of the duration of legal residence before a national of a foreign state, without any cultural, historical, or marriage ties or connections to the state in question, can request citizenship under that state's naturalization laws.

{{Incomplete list|date=May 2020}}

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!class=unsortable|Country
!style=data-sort-type:number;|Residence requirement
! class="unsortable" |Residence requirement notes
!Other notes
!Multiple citizenship
!Main article
!class=unsortable|Ref
|-
| {{flag|Afghanistan}} || 5 years ||
| || {{no}} || [[Afghan nationality law]] || <ref>{{Cite news|title=Afghanistan|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/afghanistan/|access-date=2020-09-12|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US|last1=Citizenship|first1=Dual}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_AFGANISTAN.html|title=Afghanistan - Citizenship - Duel Citizenship - Loss of Citizenship |access-date=2020-09-12|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Albania}} || 5 years || <small>Continuous residence.</small>
| || {{yes}} || [[Albanian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://80.78.70.231/pls/kuv/f?p=201:Ligj:8389:05.08.1998|title=Ligjet.org - Për shtetësinë shqiptare|website=80.78.70.231|access-date=2014-07-14|archive-date=2020-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804073858/http://80.78.70.231/pls/kuv/f?p=201:Ligj:8389:05.08.1998|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/albania/|title=Albania|website=Dual Citizenship}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Algeria}} || 7 years  ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Algerian nationality law]]  || <ref>{{cite web|title=Algeria|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/algeria/|access-date=2020-09-12|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_ALGERIA.html|title=Algeria|access-date=2020-09-12|website=multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Andorra}} || 20 years || <small>Continuous permanent residence. Reduced to 10 years if all mandatory education completed in Andorra.</small>
| || {{no}} || [[Andorran nationality law]] || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.exteriors.ad/ca/|title=Afers Exteriors &#124; Govern d'Andorra|website=www.exteriors.ad}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Andorra|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/andorra/|access-date=2020-09-12|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Angola}} || 10 years || <small>Continuous residence.</small>
| || {{partial}} || [[Angolan nationality law]] || <ref name=Manby>{{cite web|last=Manby |first= Bronwen|title=Citizenship Law in Africa: A Comparative Study|publisher=Open Society Institute, 2010|access-date=2013-07-02|url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/women/docs/OtherEntities/OSJI%20CitizenshipAfricaStudy.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/women/docs/OtherEntities/OSJI%20CitizenshipAfricaStudy.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-13 |title=Angola Dual Citizenship|url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/angola/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}} || 7 years || <small>Continuous residence. Reduced to 3 years if married to a citizen.</small>
| || {{yes}} || [[Antiguan and Barbudian nationality law|Antiguan and Barbudan nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/antigua-and-barbuda/|title=Antigua and Barbuda|website=Dual Citizenship}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/antigua-barbuda|title=Dual Citizenship Antigua and Barbuda|website=Dual Citizenship}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Argentina}} || 2 years || <small>Continuous residence. Must not exit from the country, and the applicant also must have minimal founds. Naturalization by investment allowed.</small>
| <small>Other options, such as "Nationality per option" available </small>|| {{yes}} || [[Argentine nationality law]] || <ref>[http://legales.com/Tratados/B/ciudadano.htm Argentine Citizenship], Juridico Virtual – Buenos Aires – Republica Argentina</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dual Citizenship Argentina |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/argentina |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=www.dualcitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.infobae.com/opinion/2025/06/11/el-nuevo-orden-migratorio-en-la-era-milei/ | title=El nuevo orden migratorio en la era Milei | date=11 June 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.argentina.gob.ar/servicio/obtener-la-ciudadania-argentina | title=Obtener la ciudadanía argentina | date=14 March 2018 }}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Armenia}} || 3 years ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Armenian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://parliament.am/legislation.php?sel=show&ID=1731&lang=eng|title=Legislation: National Assembly of RA|website=parliament.am}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/armenia/|access-date=2020-09-12|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Australia}} || 4 years || <small>Lawful residence for 4 years including 12 months as permanent resident.</small>
| || {{yes}} || [[Australian nationality law]] || <ref name="auto"/><ref>[http://www.citizenship.gov.au/learn/law-and-policy/legis_changes/conferral.htm/ Australian Citizenship Act 2007], The Department of Immigration and Border Protection</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Australia|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/australia/|access-date=2020-09-12|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Austria}} || 10 years || <small>Reduced to 6 years for people born in Austria, EU/EEA citizens, or those deemed "exceptionally integrated". Multiple nationalities allowed only by birth or with special permission. 10 years for refugees </small>
| || {{partial}} || [[Austrian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://eudo-citizenship.eu/NationalDB/docs/AT%20Nationality%20Act%201985%20%28consolidated%20version%20as%20by%20Law%2037%202006%29.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101213551/http://eudo-citizenship.eu/NationalDB/docs/AT%20Nationality%20Act%201985%20%28consolidated%20version%20as%20by%20Law%2037%202006%29.pdf |archive-date=2013-11-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Austria|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/austria/|access-date=2020-09-12|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Azerbaijan}} || 5 years ||
| || {{no}} || [[Azerbaijani nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Azerbaijan|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/azerbaijan/|access-date=2020-09-12|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Bahamas}} || 10 years ||
| || {{no}} || [[Bahamian nationality law]] || <ref name="residencies.io">{{cite web|title=Immigrate to Bahamas and apply for Immigrant Investor Program {{!}} Residencies.IO|url=https://residencies.io/residency/bahamas/permanent-residency/bs1|access-date=2020-11-04|website=residencies.io}}</ref><ref name="Dual Citizenship Bahamas">{{cite web|title=Dual Citizenship Bahamas|url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/bahamas.html|access-date=2020-11-04|website=www.dualcitizenship.com}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Bahrain}} || 10 years ||
| || {{no}} || [[Bahraini nationality law]] || <ref name="residencies.io"/><ref name="Dual Citizenship Bahamas"/>
|-
| {{flag|Bangladesh}} || 5 years ||
| || {{partial}}  ||[[Bangladeshi nationality law]]||<ref name="analysis">{{cite book|last=Ko|first=Swan Sik|title=Nationality and international law in Asian perspective|year=1990|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers|location=London|isbn=0-7923-0876-X|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H1ecjepq80QC&pg=PA4}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Bangladesh|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/bangladesh/|access-date=2020-09-12|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Barbados}}|| 5 years ||
| || {{yes}} ||[[Barbadian nationality law]]||<ref name="citAct">{{cite web|url=http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=category&category=LEGAL&publisher=&type=&coi=BRB&docid=3ae6b56b8&skip=0|title=Refworld - Barbados Citizenship Act, Cap. 186 (last amended 1982)|author=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|work=Refworld}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://immigration.gov.bb/pages/Citizenship.aspx |title=Barbados Citizenship - CAP186 |author=Government of Barbados |date=30 November 1966 |publisher=Immigration Department |access-date=3 July 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Barbados|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/barbados/|access-date=2020-09-12|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Belarus}}|| 7 years ||
| || {{yes}} ||[[Belarusian nationality law]]||<ref>{{cite web |title=Obtaining the citizenship of Belarus will become easier for foreigners |url=https://schneider-group.com/en/news/countries/obtaining-the-citizenship-of-belarus-will-become-easier-for-foreigners/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Belarus|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/belarus/|access-date=2020-09-12|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Belgium}} || 5 years || <small>Continuous residence.</small> ||
|  {{yes}}|| [[Belgian nationality law]] || <ref>[http://diplomatie.belgium.be/en/services/services_abroad/nationality/loss_and_re-acquisition/having_multiple_nationalities/ Possess several nationalities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427053209/http://diplomatie.belgium.be/en/services/services_abroad/nationality/loss_and_re-acquisition/having_multiple_nationalities/ |date=2012-04-27 }}, Royaume de Bélgique – Affaires étrangères, Commerce extérieur et Coopération au Développement/Koninkrijk België – Buitenlandse Zaken</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Belgium|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/belgium/|access-date=2020-09-12|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Belize}} || 5 years ||
| || {{yes}}  || [[Belizean nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Dual Citizenship Belize|url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/belize|access-date=2020-09-13|website=www.dualcitizenship.com}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Benin}}|| 10 years ||
| || {{yes}}  || [[Beninese nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Dual Citizenship Benin|url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/benin|access-date=2020-09-13|website=www.dualcitizenship.com}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Bhutan}} || 20 years || <small>Reduced to 15 years for those with citizen parent.</small>
| || {{no}} || [[Bhutanese nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?docid=3ae6b4d838|title=Refworld - Bhutan Citizenship Act, 1985|author=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|work=Refworld}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Bhutan|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/bhutan/|access-date=2020-09-13|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Bolivia}} || 3 years || <small>Uninterrupted residence.</small>
| || {{yes}} || [[Bolivian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Bolivia|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/bolivia/|access-date=2020-09-13|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Dual Citizenship Bolivia|url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/bolivia|access-date=2020-09-13|website=www.dualcitizenship.com}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} || 8 years || <small>Continuous residence.</small>
| || {{partial}} || [[Bosnia and Herzegovina nationality law|Bosnian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://mup.ks.gov.ba/sites/mup.ks.gov.ba/files/Sl%20galsnik%20BiH%204_97,13_97,41_02,6_03,14_03.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://mup.ks.gov.ba/sites/mup.ks.gov.ba/files/Sl%20galsnik%20BiH%204_97,13_97,41_02,6_03,14_03.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Law on Citizenship of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Bosnia and Herzegovina|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/bosnia-and-herzegovina/|access-date=2020-09-12|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Botswana}} || 10 years ||
| || {{no}} || [[Botswanan nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Botswana|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/botswana/|access-date=2020-09-13|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_BOTSWANA.html|title=Botswana|access-date=2020-09-13|website=multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Brazil}} || 4 years || <small>Uninterrupted permanent residence. Reduced to 1 year of residence for individuals with a Brazilian spouse or child, as well as for citizens of Portuguese language countries.</small>
| || {{yes}}  || [[Brazilian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/government/laws/titleII.html|title=Brazilian Laws - the Federal Constitution - Individual and collective rights and duties|access-date=2014-07-14|archive-date=2019-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928061006/http://www.v-brazil.com/government/laws/titleII.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Brazil|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/brazil/|access-date=2020-09-24|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[British Overseas Territories]] || 5 years ||
| || {{yes}} || [[British nationality law#British Overseas Territories citizenship|British Overseas Territories citizenship]]|| <ref>{{cite report |title=Naturalisation as a BOTC at discretion |location=United Kingdom |publisher=[[Home Office]] |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1083175/Naturalisation_as_a_BOTC_at_discretion.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1083175/Naturalisation_as_a_BOTC_at_discretion.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Brunei}} || 10 years ||
| || {{no}}  || [[Bruneian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_BRUNEI_and_DARUSSALAM.html#:~:text=BY%20NATURALIZATION:%20Acquisition%20of%20Bruneian,female%20and%20a%20foreign%20male.|title=Brunei|access-date=2020-09-24|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-13 |title=Brunei Dual Citizenship|url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/brunei/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Bulgaria}} || 5 years || <small>Reduced to 3 years if born in Bulgaria, married to a citizen, or settled in the country before age 18.</small>
|<small>EU/EEA/Swiss citizens and spouses of Bulgarians can keep existing citizenship.</small>|| {{partial}} || [[Bulgarian nationality law]] || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lex.bg/bg/laws/ldoc/2134446592|title=Lex.bg - Закони, правилници, конституция, кодекси, държавен вестник, правилници по прилагане|website=lex.bg}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Bulgaria|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/bulgaria/|access-date=2020-09-24|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Burkina Faso}} || 10 years ||
| || {{yes}}|| [[Burkinabé nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3ae6b4da27&skip=0&query=nationality%20law&coi=BFA|title=Refworld - Burkina Faso: Code des personnes et de la famille|author=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|work=Refworld}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dual Citizenship Burkina Faso |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/burkina-faso|access-date=2024-07-01 |website=www.dualcitizenship.com}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Burundi}} || 10 years || <small>Reduced to 5 years if married to a citizen.</small>
| || {{yes}}|| [[Burundian nationality law]] || <ref>{{Cite web |last=Manby |first=Bronwen |title=Citizenship Law in Africa A Comparative Study |url=https://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/women/docs/OtherEntities/OSJI%20CitizenshipAfricaStudy.pdf |access-date=14 October 2023 |website=OHCHR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Citizenship |first=Dual |title=Burundi |url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/burundi/ |access-date=2025-08-18 |website=Dual Citizenship |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Cambodia}} || 7 years ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Cambodian nationality law]]|| <ref>{{cite web|title=Cambodia|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/cambodia/|access-date=2020-09-24|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Cameroon}} || 5 years ||
| || {{no}} || [[Cameroonian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Cameroon|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/cameroon/|access-date=2020-09-24|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_CAMEROON.html|title=Cameroon|access-date=2020-09-24|website=multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Cameroon Citizenship - Government|url=https://www.indexmundi.com/cameroon/citizenship.html|access-date=2020-09-24|website=www.indexmundi.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Canada}} || 3 years || <small>Three years' permanent residence required. Physical presence required for at least 1,095 days in the 5 years prior to application, with any time spent as a temporary resident counted as half, up to a maximum of 365 days.</small>
| || {{yes}} || [[Canadian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title = Apply for citizenship: Who can apply|date = 31 March 2007|url = http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/citizenship/become-eligibility.asp|publisher = Government of Canada|access-date = 2019-06-16|df = dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Citizenship|first=Dual|title=Canada|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/canada/|access-date=2021-07-03|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Cape Verde}} || 5 years || 
| || {{yes}} || [[Cape Verdean nationality law]] || <ref name="auto2">{{Cite book|last=|first=|url=https://www.unhcr.org/4cbc60ce6.pdf|title=Citizenship Law in Africa A Comparative Study|publisher=Open Society Foundations|year=2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Manby |first1=Bronwen |author1-link=Bronwen Manby |title=The Nationality Laws of the Lusophone States in Africa |journal=Electronic British Library Journal |date=2019 |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=14–34 |url=https://www.networktimor.org/uploads/1/1/9/7/119766361/final_002_eblj_ano_2_n.%C2%BA_3__pp_manby.pdf |access-date=23 July 2021 |publisher=[[British Library]] |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206023256/https://www.networktimor.org/uploads/1/1/9/7/119766361/final_002_eblj_ano_2_n.%C2%BA_3__pp_manby.pdf |archive-date=6 February 2021 |issn=2616-9649 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dual Citizenship Cape Verde |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/cape-verde.html |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=www.dualcitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Citizenship |first=Dual |title=Cape Verde |url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/cape-verde/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=Dual Citizenship |language=en-US}}</ref> 
|-
| {{flag|Central African Republic}} || 35 years ||
|<small>Must have agriculture/property investments and have received a national honour.</small>|| {{no}} || [[Nationality law of the Central African Republic]] || <ref>{{Cite book|last=|first=|url=https://www.achpr.org/public/Document/file/English/the_right_to_nationality_in_africa_eng.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.achpr.org/public/Document/file/English/the_right_to_nationality_in_africa_eng.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=The Right to Nationality in Africa|publisher=African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights|year=2014|isbn=978-1-920677-81-7|location=Banjul|page=73}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-13 |title=Central African Republic Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/central-african-republic/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Chad}} || 15 years || 
| || {{no}} || [[Chadian nationality law]] || <ref name="auto2"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-13 |title=Chad Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/chad/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Chile}} || 5 years || <small>Continuous residence.</small>
| || {{yes}} || [[Chilean nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Chile|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/chile/|access-date=2020-09-24|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref> 
|-
| {{flag|China}} || N/A || <small>Permanent residence required. No specific residency period specified in law in [[mainland China]].<br />7 years minimum residence required in [[Hong Kong]] and [[Macau]].</small>
|<small>Must have parent or relative from China.</small>|| {{no}} || [[Chinese nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=China|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/china/|access-date=2020-09-24|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref> 
|-
| {{flag|Colombia}} || 7 years || <small>Requires 5 years of permanent residence, which is usually acquired after having a migrant visa for 2-5 years, depending on the type of visa.</small>
|<small>Permanent residence required time is reduced to 2 years for those with Colombian children, married with a Colombian, or with [[Spain|Spanish]] citizenship</small> || {{yes}} || [[Colombian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Law 2332 of 2023|url=https://www.funcionpublica.gov.co/eva/gestornormativo/norma.php?i=220390|access-date=2020-09-24|website=Función Publica de Colombia|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-13 |title=Colombia Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/colombia/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref> 
|-
| {{flag|Comoros}} || 10 years ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Comorian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Second Citizenship by Investment in the Comoros|url=https://www.second-citizenship.org/second-citizenship/union-of-comoros/|access-date=2020-10-14|website=www.second-citizenship.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-13 |title=Comoros Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/comoros/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Congo}} || 10 years  ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Congolese nationality law|Republic of the Congo nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Congo|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_CONGO.html|access-date=2020-10-31|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Citizenship |first=Dual |title=Republic of the Congo |url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/republic-of-the-congo/ |access-date=2025-08-18 |website=Dual Citizenship |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Costa Rica}} || 7 years ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Costa Rican nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|last1=Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones|title=Naturalización por residencia|url=http://www.tse.go.cr/pdf/requisitosytramites/Naturalizacion-por-residencia-ley-1155.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.tse.go.cr/pdf/requisitosytramites/Naturalizacion-por-residencia-ley-1155.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|website=tse.go.cr|access-date=9 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-13 |title=Costa Rica Dual Citizenship|url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/costa-rica/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Croatia}} || 8 years || <small>Continuous residence.</small>
| || {{partial}} || [[Croatian nationality law]] || <ref>[http://www.mup.hr/UserDocsImages/minstarstvo/2013/Migration%20policy%20RoC_en_2013%2002%2005.pdf The Government of the Republic of Croatia: Migration Policy]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zakon.hr/z/446/Zakon-o-hrvatskom-dr%C5%BEavljanstvu|title=Zakon o hrvatskom državljanstvu - Zakon.hr|website=www.zakon.hr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Croatia|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/croatia/|access-date=2020-10-14|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Cuba}} || 5 years ||
| || {{partial}} || [[Cuban nationality law]] || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Gámez Torres|first=Nora|date=January 4, 2018|title=If your parents are Cuban, you may be eligible for citizenship — but there's a catch|work=Miami Herald|url=https://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/cuba/article192947114.html|access-date=October 31, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-13 |title=Cuba Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/cuba/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=www.dualcitizenship.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Cyprus}} || 7 years || <small>Reduced time period via citizenship by investment programme.</small>
| || {{yes}} || [[Cypriot nationality law]] || <ref name="SSO0617">[http://www.second-citizenship.org/permanent-residence/temporary-and-permanent-residence-in-cyprus/ "Residency Permits in Cyprus (EU)"] Elma Global, second-citizenship.org, as of 3 June 2017</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-05-11/eu-passports-for-sale-in-sunny-cyprus-lure-rich-russians-cash|title=EU Passports for Sale in Cyprus Lure Rich Russians|newspaper=Bloomberg.com|date=May 11, 2017|via=www.bloomberg.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Cyprus|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/cyprus/|access-date=2020-10-31|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Czechia}} || 5 years || <small>As permanent resident. Reduced to 3 years for EU citizens.</small>
| || {{yes}} || [[Czech nationality law]] || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mvcr.cz/mvcren/article/immigration.aspx|title=Immigration - Ministry of the interior of the Czech Republic|website=www.mvcr.cz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Czech Republic|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/czech-republic/|access-date=2020-10-31|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} || 5 years  ||
| || {{no}} || [[Democratic Republic of the Congo nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Democratic Republic of the Congo|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_DR_CONGO.html|access-date=2020-10-31|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Citizenship |first=Dual |title=Democratic Republic Of Congo |url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/democratic-republic-of-congo/ |access-date=2025-08-18 |website=Dual Citizenship |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Denmark}} || 8 years || <small>Continuous residence.</small>
| || {{yes}} || [[Danish nationality law]] || <ref>[https://archive.today/20160505112123/http://uibm.dk/arbejdsomrader/statsborgerskab/in-english Udlændinge-, Integrations- og Boligministeriet], Foreign citizens applying for Danish nationality – In English</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Denmark|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/denmark/|access-date=2020-10-31|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Djibouti}} || 10 years ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Djiboutian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Djibouti|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_DJIBOUTI.html|access-date=2020-10-31|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Citizenship |first=Dual |title=Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/ |access-date=2025-08-18 |website=Dual Citizenship |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Dominica}} || 7 years ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Dominican nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Dominica|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/dominica/|access-date=2020-10-31|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Dominican Republic}} || 2 years ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Dominican Republic nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Dominican Republic|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_DOMINICAN_REPUBLIC.html|access-date=2020-10-31|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-13 |title=Dominican Republic Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/dominican-republic/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|East Timor}} || 10 years ||
| || {{partial}} || [[East Timorese nationality law]] || <ref>{{Cite web |title=LAW ON CITIZENSHIP |url=http://timor-leste.gov.tl/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Law_2002_9_LAW_ON_CITIZENSHIP_.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602090112/http://timor-leste.gov.tl/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Law_2002_9_LAW_ON_CITIZENSHIP_.pdf |archive-date=2023-06-02 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=timor-leste.gov.tl}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Timor-Leste Citizenship - Government|url=https://www.indexmundi.com/timor-leste/citizenship.html|access-date=2020-11-05|website=www.indexmundi.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=Timor-Leste Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/timor-leste/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Ecuador}} || 5 years || <small>Temporary residence for 2 years followed by permanent residence for 3 years. Reduced for those with Ecuadorian family members. Absences must be less than 90 days per year.</small>
| || {{yes}} || [[Ecuadorian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Ecuador|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/ecuador/|access-date=2020-10-31|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Egypt}} || 10 years ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Egyptian nationality law]] || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dual Citizenship Egypt |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/egypt|access-date=2024-07-01 |website=www.dualcitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Citizenship |first=Dual |title=Egypt |url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/egypt/ |access-date=2025-08-18 |website=Dual Citizenship |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|El Salvador}} || 5 years ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Salvadoran nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=El Salvador|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_EL_SALVADOR.html|access-date=2020-10-31|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dual Citizenship El Salvador |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/el-salvador |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=www.dualcitizenship.com}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}} || 10 years ||
| || {{no}} || [[Nationality law of Equatorial Guinea]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Equatorial Guinea|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_EQUATORIAL_GUINEA.html|access-date=2020-10-31|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-13 |title=Equatorial Guinea Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/equatorial-guinea/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Eritrea}} || 20 years ||
| || {{partial}} || [[Eritrean nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Eritrea|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_ERITREA.html|access-date=2020-10-31|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-13 |title=Eritrea Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/eritrea/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Estonia}} || 8 years || <small>Temporary residence for 3 years, followed by permanent residence for 5 years.</small> || <small>Multiple citizenship tolerated for birthright citizens but not naturalised citizens.</small> || {{partial}} || [[Estonian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://estonia.eu/about-estonia/society/citizenship.html|title=Citizenship|first=Riina|last=Kindlam|access-date=2010-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827195243/http://estonia.eu/about-estonia/society/citizenship.html|archive-date=2010-08-27|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Estonia|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/estonia/|access-date=2020-10-31|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Estonian_Republic_(1992)#Chapter_II_Fundamental_Rights,_Liberties,_and_Duties | title=Constitution of Estonia }}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Eswatini}} || 5 years ||
| || {{no}} || [[Emaswati nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Eswatini|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_SWAZILAND.html|access-date=2020-11-05|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-13 |title=Eswatini Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/eswatini/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Ethiopia}} || 4 years ||
| || {{no}} || [[Ethiopian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Ethiopia|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/ethiopia/|access-date=2020-10-31|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Citizenship |first=Dual |title=Ethiopia |url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/ethiopia/ |access-date=2025-08-18 |website=Dual Citizenship |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Fiji}}|| 5 years || <small>Lawful residence for 5 years out of the previous 10 years.</small>
| || {{yes}}  || [[Fijian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Fiji|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/fiji/|access-date=2020-09-12|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Finland}} || 8 years || <small>Continuous residence. Reduced to 5 years in some cases (required language skills, spouse of a Finnish citizen, stateless), or 2 years as a citizen of another Nordic country. </small>
| || {{yes}} || [[Finnish nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Finland|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/finland/|access-date=2020-10-31|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Frequently asked questions: Finnish citizenship|url=https://migri.fi/en/faq-finnish-citizenship|access-date=2024-10-05|website=Migri|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|France}} || 5 years || <small>Continuous residence. Reduced to 2 years for applicants with a master's degree in France. Reduced to 0 year for applicants with French as their mother tongue who can justify a minimum of 5 years of schooling in French in a country where one of its official languages is French.</small>
| || {{yes}} || [[French nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=France|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/france/|access-date=2020-10-31|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-14 |title=Le Sénat adopte un projet de loi "immigration" profondément remanié pour doter la France d'une politique migratoire volontaire et assumée |url=https://www.senat.fr/salle-de-presse/communiques-de-presse/presse/14-11-2023/le-senat-adopte-un-projet-de-loi-immigration-profondement-remanie-pour-doter-la-france-dune-politique-migratoire-volontaire-et-assumee.html |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=Sénat |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-19 |title=Loi " immigration " : tout ce qui a changé entre le projet initial, la version du Sénat et de l'Assemblée et celle de la CMP |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2023/12/19/projet-de-loi-immigration-tout-ce-qui-a-change-entre-le-projet-initial-la-version-du-senat-et-de-l-assemblee-et-celle-de-la-cmp_6205115_4355771.html |access-date=2024-01-09 |work=Le Monde.fr |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Code civil: Titre Ier bis : De la nationalité française (Articles 21-20)|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006419650|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Legifrance|language=FR}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Gabon}} || 10 years||
| || {{no}} || [[Gabonese nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Gabon|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_GABON.html|access-date=2020-10-31|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-13 |title=Gabon Dual Citizenship|url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/gabon/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=www.dualcitizenship.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Gambia}} || 10 years||
|<small>Dual citizenship allowed if married to a citizen.</small>|| {{yes}} || [[Gambian nationality law]] ||<ref>{{cite web|title=The Gambia|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/the-gambia/|access-date=2020-11-04|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref> 
|-
| {{flag|Georgia}} || 10 years || <small>Consecutive lawful residence.</small>
| || {{no}} || [[Georgian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://migration.commission.ge/index.php?article_id=165&clang=1|title=Migration Commission :: Acquisition of georgian citizenship|website=migration.commission.ge}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-14 |title=Georgia Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/georgia/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Germany}} || 5 years || <small>Continuous residence, with a [[German residence permit|settlement permit]]. Reduced to 3 years with integration course. Reduced to 3 years<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/Integration/ZugewanderteTeilnehmende/Einbuergerung/einbuergerung.html?nn=285728 | title=Naturalisation in Germany }}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=April 2025}} in the case of special integration measures (B2 level German language knowledge and in some cities 1 year of eligible volunteering). </small>
|| || {{yes}} || [[German nationality law]] ||  <ref>{{cite web|title=Germany|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/germany/|access-date=2020-10-31|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Amt |first=Auswärtiges |title=Retention Permit to keep German citizenship when naturalizing in the US / Dual citizenship |url=https://www.germany.info/us-en/service/03-Citizenship/-/2124886 |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=www.germany.info |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Ghana}} || 5 years ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Ghanaian nationality law]] ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Ghana|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/ghana/|access-date=2020-10-31|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Greece}} || 7 years ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Greek nationality law]] || <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.helleniccomserve.com/greek_citizenship1.html|title=Code of Greek Citizenship (Part 1)|website=www.helleniccomserve.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Greece|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/greece/|access-date=2020-10-31|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US|last1=Citizenship|first1=Dual}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Grenada}} || 7 years ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Grenadian nationality law]] || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.antiguaobserver.com/new-regulations-governing-citizenship-for-grenada/|title=New Regulations Governing Citizenship of Grenada|access-date=2019-11-28|archive-date=2019-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128181918/https://www.antiguaobserver.com/new-regulations-governing-citizenship-for-grenada/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Guatemala}} || 10 years ||
| || {{partial}} || [[Guatemalan nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Guatemala|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_GUATEMALA.html|access-date=2020-10-31|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Citizenship |first=Dual |title=Guatemala |url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/guatemala/ |access-date=2025-08-18 |website=Dual Citizenship |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Guinea}} || 5 years ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Guinean nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Guinea|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_GUINEA.html|access-date=2020-10-31|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-14 |title=Guinea Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/guinea/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Guinea-Bissau}} || 5 years ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Nationality law of Guinea-Bissau]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Guinea-Bissau|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_GUINEA-BISSAU.html|access-date=2020-10-31|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-14 |title=Guinea-Bissau Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/guinea-bissau/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Guyana}} || 7 years ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Guyanese nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Guyana|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_GUYANA.html|access-date=2020-10-31|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-14 |title=Guyana Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/guyana/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=www.dualcitizenship.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Haiti}} || 5 years ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Haitian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Haiti|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_HAITI.html|access-date=2020-10-31|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-13 |title=Haiti Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/haiti/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=www.dualcitizenship.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Honduras}} || 3 years ||
| || {{partial}} || [[Honduran nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Honduras|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/honduras/|access-date=2020-10-31|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Hungary}} || 8 years || <small>Continuous residence.</small>
| || {{yes}} || [[Hungarian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b4e630.html|title=Refworld - Hungary: Act LV of 1993 on Hungarian Citizenship|author=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|work=Refworld}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Hungary|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/hungary/|access-date=2020-10-31|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Iceland}} || 7 years ||
| || {{yes}}  || [[Icelandic nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://eng.innanrikisraduneyti.is/laws-and-regulations/nr/6297|title=Icelandic Nationality Act|work=Ministry of the Interior}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-18 |title= Iceland Dual Citizenship|url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/iceland/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|India}} || 12 years || <small>Continuous residence during 12 months immediately before the application. Resident for 11 out of the 14 years before the 12-month period.</small>
| || {{no}} || [[Indian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=India|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/india/|access-date=2020-10-31|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=8-003a|url=https://indiancitizenshiponline.nic.in/acquisition1.htm|access-date=2020-10-31|website=indiancitizenshiponline.nic.in}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Indonesia}} || 5 years ||
| || {{No}} || [[Indonesian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Indonesia|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/indonesia/|access-date=2020-10-31|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Iran}} || 5 years || <small>Legal residence.</small>
| || {{partial}} ||[[Iranian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Iran|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_IRAN.html|access-date=2020-10-31|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Citizenship |first=Dual |title=Iran |url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/iran/ |access-date=2025-08-18 |website=Dual Citizenship |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Iraq}} || 10 years ||
| || {{yes}} ||[[Iraqi nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Iraq Citizenship - Government|url=https://www.indexmundi.com/iraq/citizenship.html|access-date=2020-10-31|website=www.indexmundi.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Refugees|first=United Nations High Commissioner for|title=Refworld {{!}} Law No. (46) of 1963 - Iraqi Nationality|url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b4ec38.html|access-date=2020-10-31|website=Refworld|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=Iraq Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/iraq/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Ireland}} || 5 years || <small>"Reckonable" residence for 5 of the preceding 9 years. Reduced to 3 years if married to a citizen. Continuous residence for 12 months prior to application.</small>
| || {{yes}} ||[[Irish nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web | url=https://cadmus.eui.eu/handle/1814/19618 | title=Country report : Ireland | date=2010 | last1=Handoll | first1=John }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Citizenship |first=Dual |title=Ireland |url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/ireland/ |access-date=2024-02-06 |website=Dual Citizenship |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Israel}} || 3 years || <small>Resident for 3 years in the previous 5 years. Must have permanent residence right. [[Jew]]s may obtain citizenship upon arrival by the [[Law of Return]].</small>
| || {{partial}} || [[Israeli citizenship law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Israel|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/israel/|access-date=2020-10-31|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Italy}} || 10 years || <small>Continuous residence. Reduced to 2 years if married to a citizen, 3 years with citizen grandparent, 4 years for EU nationals, or 5 years for refugees or stateless people.</small>
| || {{yes}} || [[Italian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Italy|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/italy/|access-date=2020-10-31|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Ivory Coast}} || 5 years || 
| || {{partial}} || [[Ivorian nationality law]] || <ref>{{Cite book|last=|first=|url=https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/uploads/d5d1d086-1a0d-4088-b679-003e09e9c125/citizenship-law-africa-third-edition-20160129.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/uploads/d5d1d086-1a0d-4088-b679-003e09e9c125/citizenship-law-africa-third-edition-20160129.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Citizenship Law in Africa A Comparative Study|publisher=Open Society Foundations|year=2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-13 |title=Côte D'Ivoire Dual Citizenship  |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/cote-divoire/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Jamaica}} || 5 years ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Jamaican nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Citizenship by Naturalization {{!}} Consulate General of Jamaica - Miami|url=https://www.jamaicacgmiami.org/page/citizenship-by-naturalization/|access-date=2020-10-31|website=www.jamaicacgmiami.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-13 |title=Jamaica Dual Citizenship  |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/jamaica/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Japan}} || 5 years || <small>Continuous residence. Reduced to 3 years if married to a citizen.</small>
| || {{no}} || [[Japanese nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Japan|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/japan/|access-date=2020-10-31|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Jordan}} || 15 years ||
| || {{partial}} || [[Jordanian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Jordanian nationality, how to acquire, relinquish and the relevant instructions|url=https://portal.jordan.gov.jo/wps/wcm/connect/gov/egov/government+ministries+_+entities/ministry+of+foreign+affairs/services/jordanian+nationality,+how+to+acquire,+relinquish+and+the+relevant+instructions#:~:text=To%20acquire%20Jordanian%20nationality&text=His%20normal%20stay%20in%20the,circumstances%20and%20achieves%20public%20interests.|access-date=2020-10-31|website=portal.jordan.gov.jo|archive-date=2020-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107222941/https://portal.jordan.gov.jo/wps/wcm/connect/gov/egov/government+ministries+_+entities/ministry+of+foreign+affairs/services/jordanian+nationality,+how+to+acquire,+relinquish+and+the+relevant+instructions#:~:text=To%20acquire%20Jordanian%20nationality&text=His%20normal%20stay%20in%20the,circumstances%20and%20achieves%20public%20interests.|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-30 |title=Jordan Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/jordan/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Kazakhstan}} || 5 years ||
| || {{no}} || [[Kazakhstani nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Kazakhstan|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/kazakhstan/|access-date=2020-10-31|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Kenya}} || 7 years ||
| || {{yes}}  || [[Kenyan nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Kenya|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_KENYA.html|access-date=2020-11-04|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=Kenya Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/kenya/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Kiribati}} || 7 years ||
| || {{partial}}  || [[I-Kiribati nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Kiribati|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_KIRIBATI.html|access-date=2020-11-04|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title= Kiribati Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/kiribati/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref><r
|-
| {{flag|Kuwait}} || 15 years  || <small>Applicable to foreign women marrying Kuwaiti citizen, but not foreign men.</small>
| || {{no}}  || [[Kuwaiti nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Kuwait|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_KUWAIT.html|access-date=2020-11-04|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=Kuwait Dual Citizenship|url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/kuwait/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} || 5 years || <small>Continuous residence.</small>
| || {{partial}}  || [[Kyrgyz nationality law]]|| <ref>{{cite web|title=Kyrgyzstan|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/kyrgyzstan/|access-date=2020-11-04|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Law of the Kyrgyz Republic on Citizenship of the Kyrgyz Republic |url=https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/90524/104399/F-1543066194/KGZ90524%20Eng.pdf |access-date=14 October 2023 |website=www.ilo.org}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Laos}} || 10 years|| <small>10 years of Permanent residency</small>
| || {{no}}  || [[Lao nationality law]]|| <ref>{{cite web|title=Laos|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_LAOS.html|access-date=2020-11-04|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=Laos Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/laos/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Latvia}} || 10 years ||
| || {{partial}} || [[Latvian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Latvia|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/latvia/|access-date=2020-11-04|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Lebanon}} || 5 years ||
| || {{yes}} ||[[Lebanese nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Lebanon|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_LEBANON.html|access-date=2020-11-04|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-30 |title=Lebanon Dual Citizenship  |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/lebanon/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=www.dualcitizenship.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Lesotho}} || 5 years ||
| || {{no}} ||[[Basotho nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Lesotho|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_LESOTHO.html|access-date=2020-11-04|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-30 |title=Lesotho Citizenship|url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/lesotho/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=www.dualcitizenship.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Liberia}} || 2 years || || <small>Must be [[Black people|Black African]] or [[African diaspora|Black African descent]]</small><ref>{{cite news |title=Liberia - the country where citizenship depends on your skin colour |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-43113979 |access-date=8 October 2022 |work=BBC News |date=26 March 2018}}</ref> || {{yes}} || [[Liberian nationality law]] || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Analysis of the Aliens and Nationality Law - Republic of Liberia |url=https://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/directories/roli/liberia/liberia_analysis_of_the_aliens_and_nationality_law.authcheckdam.pdf |access-date=14 October 2023 |website=www.americanbar.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_LIBERIA.html|title=Liberia|access-date=2020-11-04|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=Liberia Dual Citizenship|url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/liberia/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Libya}} || 10 years ||
| || {{partial}} || [[Libyan nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_LIBYA.html|title=Libya|access-date=2020-11-04|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Citizenship |first=Dual |title=Libya |url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/libya/ |access-date=2025-08-18 |website=Dual Citizenship |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Liechtenstein}} || 10 years || <small>Years of residence under the age 20 count double.</small>
| || {{no}} || [[Liechtenstein nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.llv.li/#/1579/einburgerung|title=Landesverwaltung Liechtenstein|website=www.llv.li|language=de|access-date=2017-10-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Dual Citizenship Liechtenstein|url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/liechtenstein/|access-date=2020-09-12|website=www.dualcitizenship.com}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Lithuania}} || 10 years || <small>Continuous residence as a permanent resident. Reduced to 7 years if married to a citizen.</small>
| || {{no}}|| [[Lithuanian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.migracija.lt/index.php?-226443181|title=Migration Department - Granting of Citizenship of the Republic of Lithuania through Naturalisation|access-date=2016-07-15|archive-date=2016-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423153813/http://www.migracija.lt/index.php?-226443181|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lithuania|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/lithuania/|access-date=2020-11-04|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Luxembourg}} || 5 years || <small>Reduced to 3 years if married to a citizen. Continuous residence for 12 months prior to application.</small>
| || {{yes}} || class="nowrap" | [[Luxembourgish nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://mj.gouvernement.lu/fr.html|title=FR|first=Ministère de la|last=Justice 13|date=October 1, 2018|website=mj.gouvernement.lu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Luxembourg|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/luxembourg/|access-date=2020-11-04|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Madagascar}} || 5 years ||
| || {{no}} || [[Malagasy nationality law]] ||  <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_MADAGASCAR.html|title=Madagascar|access-date=2020-11-04|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-30 |title=Madagascar Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/madagascar/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Malawi}} || 7 years || <small>Reduced to 5 years if of African race or with Commonwealth or Malawian ties.</small>
| || {{yes}} || [[Malawian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_MALAWI.html|title=Malawi|access-date=2020-11-04|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=Malawi Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/malawi/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Malaysia}} || 12 years ||
| || {{no}} || [[Malaysian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_MALAYSIA.html|title=Malaysia|access-date=2020-11-04|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=Malaysia Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/malaysia/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=www.dualcitizenship.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Maldives}} || 12 years || <small>Continuous residence. Must be Muslim.<ref>{{cite web|title=Maldivian Citizenship Act|url=https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/58d3c59b4.pdf|access-date=2024-03-20}}</ref></small>
| || {{yes}} || [[Maldivian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Maldives|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/maldives/|access-date=2020-11-04|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Mali}} || 5 years ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Malian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_MALI.html|title=Mali|access-date=2020-11-04|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=Mali Dual Citizenship|url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/mali/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Malta}} || 5 years || <small>Reduced requirement via citizenship by investment programme.</small>
| || {{yes}} || [[Maltese nationality law]] || <ref>[http://www.politico.eu/article/malta-cash-for-passports-program-individual-investor-programme/ "Malta slammed for cash-for-passport program"] Politico, August 2016</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Malta|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/malta/|access-date=2020-09-12|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Marshall Islands}} || 7 years ||
| || {{no}}  || [[Marshallese nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?docid=6058e3e54|website=www.refworld.org|title=Refworld &#124; Marshall Islands: Citizenship Regulations, 2002 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=Marshall Islands Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/marshall-islands/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Mauritania}} || 5 years ||
| || {{no}} || [[Mauritanian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_MAURITANIA.html|title=Mauritania|access-date=2020-11-04|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=Mauritania Dual Citizenship  |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/mauritania/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Mauritius}} || 5 years ||
| || {{partial}} || [[Mauritian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_MAURITIUS.html|title=Mauritius|access-date=2020-11-04|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=Mauritius Dual Citizenship – How To Apply & Eligibility |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/mauritius/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Mexico}} || 5 years || <small>Reduced to two years for spouses of Mexican citizens. Mexican citizens by naturalization are generally not allowed to have multiple citizenship.</small>
| || {{partial}}  || [[Mexican nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|date=2016-10-26|title=Citizenship by Naturalization for Foreigners Choosing to Live in Mexico|url=https://mexlaw.ca/citizenship-naturalization-foreigners-choosing-live-mexico/|access-date=2020-11-04|website=MEXLAW|language=en-CA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-09 |title=Mexican Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/mexico/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Micronesia}} || 5 years||
|<small>Must be the child or spouse of a citizen of Micronesia.</small>|| {{no}} || [[Micronesian nationality law]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_MICRONESIA.html|access-date=2023-09-19|title=Micronesia|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=Micronesia Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/micronesia/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref> 
|-
| {{flag|Moldova}} || 10 years || <small>Reduced to 8 years for stateless persons or refugees.</small>
| || {{yes}} || [[Moldovan nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Moldova|url=http://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/moldova/|access-date=2020-11-04|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Monaco}} || 10 years || <small>Continuous residence.</small>
| || {{no}} || [[Monégasque nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilovemontecarlo.com/monaco-citizenship-requirements/|title=Monaco citizenship requirements|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715073101/http://www.ilovemontecarlo.com/monaco-citizenship-requirements/|archive-date=July 15, 2014|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Monaco|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/monaco/|access-date=2020-11-04|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Mongolia}} || 5 years ||
| || {{no}} || [[Mongolian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_MONGOLIA.html|title=Mongolia|access-date=2020-11-04|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-30 |title=Mongolia Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/mongolia/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Montenegro}} || 10 years ||
| || {{partial}} || [[Montenegrin nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://eudo-citizenship.eu/docs/CountryReports/Montenegro.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110220071452/http://eudo-citizenship.eu/docs/CountryReports/Montenegro.pdf |archive-date=2011-02-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Montenegro|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/montenegro/|access-date=2020-11-04|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Morocco}} || 5 years ||  <small>Continuous residence.</small>
| || {{yes}} || [[Moroccan nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Morocco|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/morocco/|access-date=2020-11-04|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Mozambique}} || 5 years ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Mozambican nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_MOZAMBIQUE.html|title=Mozambique|access-date=2020-11-04|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=Mozambique Dual Citizenship  |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/mozambique/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Myanmar}} || 5 years || || || {{no}} || [[Myanmar nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ehow.com/about_6542313_myanmar-immigration-policies.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121129141033/http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:tmqQWxLxU30J:www.ehow.com/about_6542313_myanmar-immigration-policies.html+&cd=3&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us|url-status=live|archive-date=29 November 2012|title=Myanmar Immigration Policies|work=eHow|access-date=15 March 2012}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=May 2018}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=Myanmar Dual Citizenship|url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/myanmar/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Namibia}} || 5 years ||
| || {{partial}} || [[Namibian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_NAMIBIA.html|title=Namibia|access-date=2020-11-04|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=Namibia Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/namibia/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Nauru}} || 7 years||
|<small>Must be the child, spouse or descendant of a Nauruan national.</small>|| {{yes}} || [[Nauruan nationality law]] ||<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |last1=Dziedzic |first1=Anna |title=Comparative Regional Report on Citizenship Law: Oceania |url=https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/66229/RSCAS_GLOBALCIT_Comp_2020_1.pdf |website=cadmus.eui.eu |publisher=[[European University Institute]] |access-date=30 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430140849/https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/66229/RSCAS_GLOBALCIT_Comp_2020_1.pdf |archive-date=30 April 2021 |location=[[Badia Fiesolana]] |date=February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=Nauru Dual Citizenship  |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/nauru/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Nepal}} || 15 years ||
| || {{no}} || [[Nepali nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Nepal|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/nepal/|access-date=2020-11-04|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Netherlands}} || 5 years || <small>Continuous residence for 5 years, or continuous residence for 2 years with 10 years total residence, with a "non-temporary" residence permit required for naturalization. Reduced to three years for the spouse or partner of a Dutch citizen.</small>
|<small>Multiple citizenship allowed in limited cases, generally with special permission required.</small>|| {{partial}} || [[Dutch nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ind.nl/EN/verblijfwijzer/ |title=IND Verblijfwijzer |access-date=2010-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080328133133/http://www.ind.nl/EN/verblijfwijzer/ |archive-date=2008-03-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{efn|The Netherlands requires that most naturalized citizens renounce other citizenships (unless they fall under an exemption category), and will revoke Dutch citizenship on failure to accomplish this.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ind.nl/en/Pages/Renouncing-your-current-nationality.aspx|title=Renouncing your current nationality|publisher=Immigration and Naturalisation Service of the Netherlands|access-date=October 20, 2020}}</ref>}}<ref>{{Cite news|title=Netherlands|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/netherlands/|access-date=2020-11-04|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US|last1=Citizenship|first1=Dual}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|New Zealand}} || 5 years || <small>Permanent residency required, normally after two years' residence with a temporary visa. Australian citizens/ Permanent Residents are eligible for immediate permanent residence under the [[Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement|Trans-Tasman Travel Agreement]]. Must be present for 1,350 days during the five years and 240 days in each of the five years.</small><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.govt.nz/browse/passports-citizenship-and-identity/nz-citizenship/requirements-for-nz-citizenship/presence-requirements/ | title=Presence in NZ requirements | date=2 March 2022 }}</ref>
| || {{yes}} || [[New Zealand nationality law]] || <ref>[http://www.citizenship.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Citizenship-General-Requirements-for-a-Grant-of-New-Zealand-Citizenship?OpenDocument#ten Residence Requirements],
The Department of Internal Affairs of New Zealand</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=New Zealand|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/new-zealand/|access-date=2020-11-04|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Nicaragua}} || 4 years ||
| || {{partial}} || [[Nicaraguan nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Nicaragua|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/nicaragua/|access-date=2020-11-04|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_NICARAGUA.html|title=Nicaragua|access-date=2020-11-04|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Niger}} || 10 years ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Nigerien nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_NIGER.html|title=Niger|access-date=2020-11-04|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=Niger Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/niger/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Nigeria}} || 15 years || <small>Continuous residence.</small>
| || {{yes}} || [[Nigerian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Nigeria|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/nigeria/|access-date=2020-11-04|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|North Korea}} || N/A ||
| || {{no}} || [[North Korean nationality law]] || <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title= North Korea |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/north-korea/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|- 
| {{flag|North Macedonia}} || 8 years || <small>Continuous residence.</small>
| || {{yes}} || [[Nationality law of North Macedonia]] || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://eudo-citizenship.eu/NationalDB/docs/MAC%20Law_consolidated_2004_mkd.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720161723/http://eudo-citizenship.eu/NationalDB/docs/MAC%20Law_consolidated_2004_mkd.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=North Macedonia|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/north-macedonia/|access-date=2020-11-04|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Norway}} || 8 years || <small>Resident in Norway for 8 years out of the previous 11 years. Absences of up to 2 months per year allowed.</small>
| || {{yes}} || [[Norwegian nationality law]] || <ref>[http://www.udi.no/Norwegian-Directorate-of-Immigration/Central-topics/Citizenship-/Requirements-to-obtain-Norwegian-citizenship-by-application/ Citizenship by application], UDI – Norwegian Directorate of Immigration</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Norway|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/norway/|access-date=2020-11-04|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Oman}} || 20 years ||
| || {{no}} || [[Omani nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_OMAN.html|title=Oman|access-date=2020-11-04|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title= Oman Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/oman/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Pakistan}} || 5 years ||
| || {{partial}} || [[Pakistani nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Pakistan|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/pakistan/|access-date=2020-11-04|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Palau}} || 5 years|| || || {{yes}} || [[Palauan nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_PALAU.html|title=Palau|access-date=2020-11-04|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Constitution of the Republic of Palau |url=https://www.marineregions.org/documents/wcms_205912.pdf |access-date=14 October 2023 |website=Marine Regions}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=Palau Dual Citizenship  |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/palau/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Panama}} || 5 years || <small>Continuous residence.</small>
| || {{no}} || [[Panamanian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Panama|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/panama/|access-date=2020-11-04|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Papua New Guinea}} || 8 years ||
| || {{partial}} || [[Nationality law of Papua New Guinea]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_PAPUA_NEW_GUINEA.html|title=Papua New Guinea|access-date=2020-11-04|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=Papua New Guinea Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/papua-new-guinea/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Paraguay}} || 3 years ||
| || {{partial}} || [[Paraguayan nationality law]] || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.migraciones.gov.py/|title=Portada :: Migraciones|website=www.migraciones.gov.py}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Paraguay|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/paraguay/|access-date=2020-11-04|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Peru}} || 5 years || <small>Continuous residence.</small>
| || {{yes}} || [[Peruvian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.gob.pe/institucion/migraciones/noticias/1227835-conoce-los-principales-cambios-en-la-nueva-ley-de-nacionalidad|title= Conoce los principales cambios en la nueva Ley de Nacionalidad|website=gob.pe|date=16 August 2025|accessdate= 20 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Peru|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/peru/|access-date=2020-11-04|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Philippines}} || 10 years || <small>Continuous residence. The residency requirement is reduced to five years if an applicant is employed by the [[Government of the Philippines]], has made significant economic or scientific contributions to the state, married to a Filipina woman, has taught in a Philippine school for at least two years, or was born in the country.<ref>{{cite report |last=Aguilar |first=Filomeno V. |title=Report on Citizenship Law: Philippines |publisher=[[European University Institute]] |date=January 2017}}</ref></small>
| || {{partial}} || [[Philippine nationality law]] || <ref name=CA473/><ref>{{cite web|title=Philippines|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/philippines/|access-date=2020-11-04|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Poland}} || 10 years || <small>Resident for 10 years or permanent resident for 3 years. Permanent residence requirement reduced to one year in some cases.</small>
| || {{yes}} || [[Polish nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Poland|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/poland/|access-date=2020-11-04|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Portugal}} || 5 years || <small>Continuous residence. Reduced to three years for spouses of Portuguese citizens.</small>
| || {{yes}} || [[Portuguese nationality law]] || <ref>''Lei Orgânica 2/2018'', a statue from July 5, 2018.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Citizenship |first=Dual |title=Portugal |url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/portugal/ |access-date=2025-08-18 |website=Dual Citizenship |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Qatar}} || 25 years ||
| || {{no}} || [[Qatari nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_QATAR.html|title=Qatar|access-date=2020-11-04|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=Qatar Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/qatar/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Romania}} || 8 years ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Romanian nationality law]] || <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.romanianpassport.co.il/english/|title=Romanian Citizenship &#124; Romanian Citizenship|website=www.romanianpassport.co.il}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Romania|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/romania/|access-date=2020-11-04|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US|last1=Citizenship|first1=Dual}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Russia}} || 5 years || <small>Continuous residence. Reduced to 3 years if married to a citizen or 1 year for valued specialists and refugees.</small>
| || {{yes}} ||[[Russian nationality law]]||<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mid.ru/dks.nsf/mnsdoc/04.03.02.02|title=Главная}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Russia|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/russian-federation/|access-date=2020-11-04|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Rwanda}} || 10 years ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Rwandan nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Citizenship – The Embassy of the Republic of Rwanda – USA|url=https://rwandaembassy.org/consular/citizenship|access-date=2020-11-04|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_RWANDA.html|title=Rwanda|access-date=2020-11-04|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Citizenship |first=Dual |title=Rwanda |url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/rwanda/ |access-date=2025-08-18 |website=Dual Citizenship |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Samoa}} || 5 years ||
| || {{yes}} ||[[Samoan nationality law]]||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.samoaimmigration.gov.ws/CitizenshipServices/tabid/6817/language/en-US/Default.aspx|title=Samoa Immigration > Citizenship Services|access-date=2014-07-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928015155/http://www.samoaimmigration.gov.ws/CitizenshipServices/tabid/6817/language/en-US/Default.aspx|archive-date=2012-09-28|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Pacific|first=Loop|date= 2017-03-31 |title=Samoa among eight countries allowed dual citizenship in PNG|url=https://www.loopsamoa.com/node/55642|access-date=2020-11-04|website=Loop Samoa|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=Samoa Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/samoa/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|San Marino}} || 20 years || <small>Reduced to 10 years if married to a citizen.</small>
| || {{no}}  || [[San Marino nationality law]] || <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm/on-line/home/archivio-leggi-decreti-e-regolamenti/documento17111066.html|title=Legge 2 agosto 2019 n. 121 INTEGRAZIONI ALLA LEGGE 30 NOVEMBRE 2000 N.114 (LEGGE SULLA CITTADINANZA)|access-date=2025-01-26|website=www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=San Marino Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/san-marino/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}} || 5 years ||
| || {{no}} || [[São Toméan nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_SAO_TOME_AND_PRINCIPE.html|title=São Tomé and Príncipe|access-date=2020-11-04|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-20 |title=São Tomé And Príncipe Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/sao-tome-and-principe/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || 10 years ||
| || {{no}} || [[Saudi Arabian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_SAUDI_ARABIA.html|title=Saudi Arabia|access-date=2020-11-04|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-20 |title=Saudi Arabia Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/saudi-arabia/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Senegal}} || 5 years ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Senegalese nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_SENEGAL.html|title=Senegal|access-date=2020-11-04|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-20 |title=Senegal Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/senegal/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Serbia}} || 3 years || <small>Continuous residence.</small>
| || {{partial}} || [[Serbian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mup.gov.rs/cms_lat/dokumenta.nsf/drzavljanstvo.h|title=Državljanstvo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Serbia|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/serbia/|access-date=2020-11-04|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Seychelles}} || 10 years ||
|<small>Dual citizenship only for native born citizens who obtain another citizenship for work or through marriage.</small>|| {{partial}} || [[Seychellois nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_SEYCHELLES.html|title=Seychelles|access-date=2020-11-04|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-20 |title=Seychelles Dual Citizenship|url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/seychelles/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Sierra Leone}} || 5 years ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Sierra Leonean nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_SIERRA_LEONE.html|title=Sierra Leone|access-date=2020-11-04|website=multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-20 |title=Sierra Leone Dual Citizenship – Learn How To Apply |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/sierra-leone/ |access-date=2025-10-07 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Singapore}} || 2.5 years || <small>Foreigners can register for citizenship after two years of permanent residence.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ica.gov.sg/reside/citizenship|title=Becoming a Singapore Citizen}}</ref></small> || <small>A minimum of 6 months legal residence is required to be eligible for permanent residence, resulting in the citizenship pathway/eligibility of 2.5 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ica.gov.sg/reside/PR/apply|title=Becoming a Permanent Resident}}</ref></small> || {{no}} 
| [[Singaporean nationality law]]|| <ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Part X of Constitution of the Republic of Singapore - Singapore Statutes Online|url=https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CONS1963#P1X-|access-date=2021-01-01|website=sso.agc.gov.sg|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=|first=|title=Singapore |url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/singapore/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=Dual Citizenship |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Slovakia}} || 8 years ||
| || {{partial}} || [[Slovak nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Slovakia|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/slovakia/|access-date=2020-11-04|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Slovenia}} || 10 years || <small>Total residence of 10 years. Continuous residence for 5 years prior to application. Reduced to 3 years for spouses of citizens.</small>
| || {{partial}} || [[Slovenian nationality law]] || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/cdcj|title=Council of Europe European Committee on Legal Co-operation - European Committee on Legal Co-operation - publi.coe.int|website=European Committee on Legal Co-operation}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Slovenia|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/slovenia/|access-date=2020-11-04|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Solomon Islands}} || 7 years ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Solomon Islands nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_SOLOMON_ISLANDS.html|title=Solomon Islands|access-date=2020-11-04|website=multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-20 |title=Solomon Islands Dual Citizenship|url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/solomon-islands/ |access-date=2025-10-07 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Somalia}} || 7 years ||
| || {{partial}} || [[Somalian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|last=Refugees|first=United Nations High Commissioner for|title=Refworld {{!}} Law No. 28 of 22 December 1962 - Somali Citizenship|url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b50630.html|access-date=2020-11-05|website=Refworld|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-20 |title=Somalia Dual Citizenship  |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/somalia/ |access-date=2025-10-07 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|South Africa}} || 5 years || <small>Continuous residence.</small>
| || {{yes}} || [[South African nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dha.gov.za/index.php/civic-services/citizenship |title=Department of Home Affairs — Citizenship |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=<!--Not stated--> |website=Department of Home Affairs |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001230221/http://www.dha.gov.za/index.php/civic-services/citizenship |archive-date=1 October 2020 |quote=Applications for naturalisation may only be received by the office if the applicant has been on a Permanent Residence Permit for a period of five (5) years from the date of obtaining Permanent Residence (PR) in the Republic of South Africa. No application may be received by the office if the applicant has less than the prescribed five (5) year period.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=South Africa|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/south-africa/|access-date=2020-11-05|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|South Korea}} || 5 years || <small>Reduced to 3 years if married to a citizen.</small>
|<small>Males are required to do military service.</small>|| {{partial}} || [[South Korean nationality law]] || <ref>[http://www.law.go.kr/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=104818#0000 Nationality Law], Ministry of Government Legislation</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=South Korea|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/south-korea/|access-date=2020-11-05|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|South Sudan}} || 10 years ||
| || {{yes}} || [[South Sudanese nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Certificate Application Form – southsudanembassyusa.org|url=https://www.southsudanembassyusa.org/certificate-application-form/|access-date=2020-11-05|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-20 |title=South Sudan Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/south-sudan/ |access-date=2025-10-07 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Spain}} || 10 years || <small>Reduced to 2 years for natural-born nationals of Ibero-American countries, Portugal, Andorra, Equatorial Guinea, and the Philippines.</small>
| || {{partial}} || [[Spanish nationality law]] || <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.exteriores.gob.es/Embajadas/OTTAWA/en/InformacionParaExtranjeros/Pages/Nacionalidad.aspx|title=Pages - Spanish Nationality}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mjusticia.gob.es/cs/Satellite/Portal/es/inicio|title=Ministerio de Justicia|website=www.mjusticia.gob.es|access-date=2020-10-21|archive-date=2021-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211154922/https://www.mjusticia.gob.es/cs/Satellite/Portal/es/inicio|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="welt011319">[https://www.welt.de/wirtschaft/article187002394/Europaeische-Paesse-So-billig-kann-man-sie-in-Spanien-oder-Portugal-bekommen.html Ute Müller: "Reiche Ausländer kaufen maßgeschneiderte Pässe für Europa"] [[Die Welt|Welt.de]] from 13. January 2019</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Spain|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/spain/|access-date=2020-11-05|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Sri Lanka}} || 5 years  ||
| || {{partial}} || [[Sri Lankan nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Sri Lanka|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/sri-lanka/|access-date=2020-11-05|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|St. Kitts and Nevis}} || 14 years  ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Kittitian and Nevisian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=St. Kitts and Nevis|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/st-kitts-and-nevis/|access-date=2020-11-05|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|St. Lucia}} || 7 years ||
| || {{partial}} || [[Saint Lucian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Saint Lucia|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/saint-lucia/|access-date=2020-11-05|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|St. Vincent and the Grenadines}} || 7 years  ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Vincentian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_ST_VINCENT_AND_THE_GRENADINES.html|title=St. Vincent and the Grenadines|access-date=2020-11-05|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-13 |title=Saint Vincent & The Grenadines Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/saint-vincent/ |access-date=2025-10-07 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Sudan}} || 10 years ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Sudanese nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Sudan|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/sudan/|access-date=2020-11-05|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Suriname}} || 5 years ||
| || {{no}} || [[Surinamese nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|last=Refugees|first=United Nations High Commissioner for|title=Refworld {{!}} Suriname: Law on Nationality and Residence, State Ordinance of 24 November 1975 for the Regulation of the Surinamese Nationality and Residence in Suriname (last amended 1983)|url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b50714.html|access-date=2020-11-05|website=Refworld|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Your guide to living in SURINAME|url=https://wherecani.live/country/sr/|access-date=2020-11-05|website=Where Can I Live|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-20 |title=Suriname |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/suriname/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Sweden}} || 5 years || <small>Continuous residence</small> || || {{yes}} || [[Swedish nationality law]] || <ref>[http://www.migrationsverket.se/info/499_en.html You must have been living in Sweden for a certain period] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110107012223/http://www.migrationsverket.se/info/499_en.html |date=2011-01-07 }}, Migrationsverket</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sweden|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/sweden/|access-date=2020-11-05|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Switzerland}} || 10 years || <small>Must hold C permit (settled foreign national). Years of residence between age of 8 and 18 count double, with a minimum of 6 years residence.</small>
| || {{yes}} || [[Swiss nationality law]] || <ref>[http://www.bfm.admin.ch/content/bfm/en/home/themen/buergerrecht/einbuergerung/ordentliche_einbuergerung.html Regular naturalisation], Swiss Confederation</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Citizenship|first=Dual|title=Switzerland|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/switzerland/|access-date=2021-12-19|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Syria}} || 5 years ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Syrian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_SYRIA.html|title=Syria|access-date=2020-11-05|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=Syria Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/syria/ |access-date=2025-10-07 |language=en-US}}</ref> 
|-
| {{flag|Taiwan}} || 5 years ||
| || {{partial}} || [[Nationality law of the Republic of China]] || <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=Taiwan Dual Citizenship|url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/taiwan/ |access-date=2025-10-07 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Tajikistan}} || 5 years ||
| || {{partial}} || [[Tajik nationality law]]|| <ref>{{cite web|title=Tajikistan|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/tajikistan/|access-date=2020-11-05|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Tanzania}} || 5 years ||
| || {{no}} || [[Tanzanian nationality law]] ||  <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_TANZANIA.html|title=Tanzania|access-date=2020-11-05|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Citizenship |first=Dual |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/tanzania/ |access-date=2025-08-18 |website=Dual Citizenship |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Thailand}} || 5 years || <small>Continuous residence. Residence requirement waived for spouses and children of citizens.</small>
| || {{partial}} || [[Thai nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/506c08862.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/506c08862.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title="Nationality Act, B.E. 2508|date=March 21, 2012|work= Royal Government Gazette Vol. 129, Chapter 28 |publisher=refworld.org|at=Sections 10-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-31 |title=Thailand Dual Citizenship|url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/thailand/ |access-date=2025-10-07 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Togo}} || 5 years ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Togolese nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_TOGO.html|title=Togo|access-date=2020-11-05|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=Togo Dual Citizenship  |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/togo/ |access-date=2025-10-07 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Tonga}} || 5 years ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Tongan nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_TONGA.html|title=Tonga|access-date=2020-11-05|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=Tonga Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/tonga/ |access-date=2025-10-07 |language=en-US}}</ref> 
|-
| {{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} || 7 years ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Trinidadian and Tobagonian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Trinidad and Tobago|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/trinidad-and-tobago/|access-date=2020-11-05|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Tunisia}} || 5 years || <small>Continuous residence.</small>
| || {{yes}} || [[Tunisian nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_TUNISIA.html|title=Tunisia|access-date=2020-11-05|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=Tunisia Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/tunisia/ |access-date=2025-10-07 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Turkey}} || 5 years || <small>Continuous residence.</small>
| || {{yes}} || [[Turkish nationality law]] || <ref>[http://www.mymerhaba.com/Turkish-Nationality-in-Turkey-202.html Turkish Nationality] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909194020/http://www.mymerhaba.com/Turkish-Nationality-in-Turkey-202.html |date=2017-09-09 }}, Nüfus Müdürlüğü, My Merhaba.com</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Turkey|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/turkey/|access-date=2020-11-05|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Turkmenistan}} || 7 years ||
| || {{no}} || [[Turkmen nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Turkmenistan|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/turkmenistan/|access-date=2020-11-05|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Tuvalu}} || 7 years ||
| || {{yes}}  || [[Tuvaluan nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/4fbf81732.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/4fbf81732.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|website=www.refworld.org|title=Citizenship Act}}</ref><ref name="auto1"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=Tuvalu Dual Citizenship – How To Apply & Eligibility |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/tuvalu/ |access-date=2025-10-07 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Uganda}} || 20 years ||
|<small>Dual nationality permitted. Three or more nationalities not permitted.</small>|| {{partial}} || [[Ugandan nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_UGANDA.html|title=Uganda|access-date=2020-11-05|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=Uganda Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/uganda/ |access-date=2025-10-07 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Ukraine}} || 5 years ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Ukrainian nationality law]] ||<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ukraine allows multiple citizenship as war drags on |last1=Harmash |first1=Olena |date=2025-06-18 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/parliament-passes-law-allow-multiple-citizenship-ukrainians-2025-06-18/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250817184316/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/parliament-passes-law-allow-multiple-citizenship-ukrainians-2025-06-18/ |archive-date=17 August 2025 |access-date=2025-08-17 |work=[[Reuters]] |last2=Dysa |first2=Yuliia |others=Additional reporting by Anastasiia Malenko Editing by Kim Coghill and Gareth Jones |format=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ukraine|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/ukraine/|access-date=2020-09-12|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} || 30 years || <small>Reduced to 7 years for citizens of Arab descent. Reduced to 3 years for citizens of Qatar, Oman, and Bahrain.</small>
|<small>Multiple nationality allowed only in limited, exceptional cases since 2021.</small>|| {{partial}} || [[Emirati nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_UNITED_ARAB_EMIRATES.html|title=United Arab Emirates|access-date=2020-11-05|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/01/30/uae-allow-dual-citizenship-first-time-boost-coronavirus-hit/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/01/30/uae-allow-dual-citizenship-first-time-boost-coronavirus-hit/ |archive-date=2022-01-11 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title = UAE to allow dual citizenship for first time to boost coronavirus hit economy|newspaper = The Telegraph|date = 30 January 2021|last1 = Stewart|first1 = Ashleigh}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=United Arab Emirtaes Dual Citizenship|url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/uae/ |access-date=2025-10-07 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|United Kingdom}} || 5 years || <small>Non-EU/EEA/Swiss citizens must have [[indefinite leave to remain]] (ILR) for 12 months before applying. Residency requirement for ILR is generally 5 years.</small>
| || {{yes}} || [[British nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=United Kingdom|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/united-kingdom/|access-date=2020-11-05|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|United States}} || 5 years || <small>Continuous [[Green card|lawful permanent residence]] for 5 years. Reduced to 3 years for spouses of US citizens. Physical presence for at least 30 of the 60 months preceding the application. Cannot be absent for more than 6 months at a time.</small>
| || {{yes}} || [[United States nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=United States|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/united-states/|access-date=2020-11-05|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Uruguay}} || 5 years (Legal Citizenship, not nationality) || <small>Reduced to 3 years if residing with spouse or children (Legal Citizenship, not nationality).</small> 
|<small>Uruguay distinguishes between citizenship and nationality and does not offer a naturalization path for immigrants. Uruguayan nationals are persons who were born in Uruguay or are children or grandchildren of Uruguayan natural citizens. Legal citizenship has special characteristics, the persons who acquire it keep their nationality of origin. Legal citizens acquire political rights but do not acquire nationality as natural citizens do. This peculiar distinction between citizenship and nationality has caused problems with legal citizens' passports at airports around the world and restricted their freedom of movement.{{Current event inline|date=April 2025}}</small> || {{Yes}} || [[Uruguayan nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Uruguay|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/uruguay/|access-date=2020-11-05|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Uzbekistan}} || 5 years ||
| || {{no}} || [[Uzbek nationality law]]|| <ref>{{cite web|title=Uzbekistan|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/uzbekistan/|access-date=2020-11-05|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Vanuatu}} || 10 years ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Nationality law of Vanuatu]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_VANUATU.html|title=Vanuatu|access-date=2020-11-05|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=Vanuatu Dual Citizenship|url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/vanuatu/ |access-date=2025-10-07 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Vatican City}} || N/A ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Vatican City#Citizenship|Vatican City citizenship]]|| <ref>{{cite report |title=Legge sulla cittadinanza, la residenza e l'accesso. |location=Vatican City |publisher=[[Vatican City State]] |url=https://www.vaticanstate.va/phocadownload/leggi-decreti/Leggesullacittadinanzalaresidenzaelaccesso.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.vaticanstate.va/phocadownload/leggi-decreti/Leggesullacittadinanzalaresidenzaelaccesso.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=Vatican City Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/vatican-city/ |access-date=2025-10-07 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Venezuela}} || 10 years || <small>Reduced to 5 years for natural-born citizens of Spain, Portugal, Italy, Latin American or Caribbean countries.</small>
| || {{yes}} || [[Venezuelan nationality law]] ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Venezuela|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/venezuela/|access-date=2020-11-05|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Vietnam}} || 5 years ||
|<small>The state only recognizes Vietnamese citizens with one nationality, unless otherwise provided.</small>|| {{partial}} || [[Vietnamese nationality law]]|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_VIETNAM.html|title=Vietnam|access-date=2020-11-05|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-31 |title=Vietnam Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/vietnam/ |access-date=2025-10-07 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Yemen}} || 5 years ||
| || {{no}} || [[Yemeni nationality law]]|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_YEMEN.html|title=Yemen|access-date=2020-11-05|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=Yemen Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/yemen/ |access-date=2025-10-07 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Zambia}} || 5 years ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Zambian nationality law]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_ZAMBIA.html|title=Zambia|access-date=2020-11-05|website=www.multiplecitizenship.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=Zambia Dual Citizenship |url=https://www.dualcitizenship.com/countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-10-07 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Zimbabwe}} || 5 years ||
| || {{yes}} || [[Zimbabwean nationality law]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Zimbabwe|url=https://www.dualcitizenshipreport.org/dual-citizenship/zimbabwe/|access-date=2020-11-05|website=Dual Citizenship|language=en-US}}</ref>
|}

== Laws by country ==

===Australia===
{{Further|Australian nationality law#Citizenship by conferral (formerly known as naturalisation)}}
The ''Australian Citizenship Act 1973'' ended the preferential treatment for British subjects from 1 December 1973.<ref>''Australian Citizenship Amendment Act 1984'' removed Part II of the ''Nationality and Citizenship Act 1948'', effective 1 May 1987.</ref> People who became permanent residents from 1 July 2007 must have been lawfully resident in Australia for four years before applying for citizenship by conferral.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/citizenship/become-a-citizen/permanent-resident#Eligibility|title=Become an Australian citizen (by conferral): Permanent residents or New Zealand citizens|website=Australian Government. Dept of Home Affairs|access-date=3 January 2020|quote=Residence requirement: We consider the amount of time you have lived in Australia in the last 4 years.}}</ref> Those who were present in Australia as permanent residents before 1 July 2007 remain subject to the previous residence requirement (in force since 1984, e.g. resident for two years).

===People's Republic of China===
{{Main|Nationality law of the People's Republic of China}}

The [[China|People's Republic of China]] gives citizenship to people with one or two parents with Chinese nationality who have not taken residence in other countries. The country also gives citizenship to people born on its territory to [[statelessness|stateless people]] who have settled there. Furthermore, individuals may apply for nationality if they have a near relative with Chinese nationality, if they have settled in China, or if they present another legitimate reason.<ref>[http://www.gov.hk/en/residents/immigration/chinese/law.htm Nationality Law of the People's Republic of China] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706024356/https://www.gov.hk/en/residents/immigration/chinese/law.htm |date=2017-07-06 }}, GovHK.hk</ref> In practice, few people gain Chinese citizenship; as of 2010, China had only 1,448 naturalised Chinese in total.<ref>[https://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21710264-worlds-rising-superpower-has-particular-vision-ethnicity-and-nationhood-has Who is Chinese? The upper Han], ''[[The Economist]]'', 19 November 2016 (page visited on 19 November 2016).</ref>

The naturalization process starts with a written application. Applicants must submit three copies, written with a ball-point or fountain pen, to national authorities, and to provincial authorities in the Ministry of Public Security and the Public Security Bureau. Applicants must also submit original copies of a foreign passport, a residence permit, a permanent residence permit, and four two-and-a-half inch long pictures. According to the conditions outlined in the [[Nationality Law of the People's Republic of China]], authorities may also require "any other material that the authority believes are related to the nationality application".<ref>[http://www.enghengyang.gov.cn/showdetail.aspx?typeid=&newsid=1394 "Guide and Instructions of Naturalization of Chinese Nationality"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522164847/http://www.enghengyang.gov.cn/showdetail.aspx?typeid=&newsid=1394 |date=2012-05-22 }}, Hengyang, China website</ref>

=== France ===
{{Main|French nationality law}}
People who fulfil all of the following criteria can obtain French citizenship through naturalisation:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F2213|title=Naturalisation|website=www.service-public.fr|language=Fr|access-date=2019-07-02}}</ref>

* At least 5 years' residence, although reduced to the following minimum periods in certain situations:
** 2 years:
*** Successfully completed 2 years of studies with a view to obtaining a degree or diploma at a French higher educational institution;
*** Made an exceptional contribution to France's standing and influence in the arts, science, sport, culture, academia, entrepreneurship, etc.
** No minimum residence period:
*** Performed military service with the [[French Army]];
*** Served voluntarily in wartime in the French Army or an allied army;
*** Rendered exceptional service to France (requires personal ministerial approval);
*** Attained the official status of a refugee in France;
*** Citizen of a member state of the {{lang|fr|[[Organisation internationale de la Francophonie]]}} '''and''' have French as their native language '''or''' have completed at least 5 years of schooling in a French-speaking educational establishment.
* Integration into French society, including adhering to the values and principles of the Republic, and having a sufficient knowledge of French history, culture and society;
* Sufficient spoken command of the [[French language]];
* No serious criminal convictions, defined as follows:
** Never been sentenced to more than 6 months' imprisonment (not including suspended sentences) for any crime (unless the applicant has been legally deemed rehabilitated or the sentence has been wiped from their criminal record);
** Never been convicted of any crime that counters France's fundamental interests (unless the applicant has been legally deemed rehabilitated or the sentence has been wiped from their criminal record);
** Never been convicted of any act of terrorism (unless the applicant has been legally deemed rehabilitated or the sentence has been wiped from their criminal record).

The fee for naturalisation is €55, except in [[French Guiana]], where it is €27.50.

=== Germany ===
{{Main|German nationality law}}People who fulfil all of the following criteria can obtain German citizenship through naturalisation:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bmi.bund.de/EN/topics/migration/naturalization/naturalization-node.html|title=Naturalization|website=Federal Ministry of the Interior and Community|language=en|access-date=2019-07-02}}</ref>

* At least 5 years' residence in Germany with a valid residence permit. This minimum period is reduced as follows:
** 3 years for people who have successfully completed the [[Integrationskurs]] or for spouses and registered same-sex partners of a German citizen (must have been married or in the registered partnership for at least 2 years at the time of application).
* Declaring allegiance to the [[Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany|German Constitution]];
* Sufficient command of the [[German language]];
* No serious criminal convictions.
The dependent minor children of an applicant for naturalisation may also themselves become naturalised German citizens.

The fee for standard naturalisation is €255, while it is €51 per dependent minor child naturalised along with their parent. The fee may be waived in cases of extreme hardship or public interest.

Prior to 27 June 2024, people naturalising as German citizens were generally required give up their previous nationality, with exceptions made for [[European Union|EU]] and [[Switzerland|Swiss]] citizens (provided that the law of their country of origin did not prohibit the acquisition of another citizenship) and citizens of countries where renouncing one's citizenship was too difficult or humiliating (e.g. [[Afghan nationality law|Afghanistan]]), prohibitively expensive (e.g. the [[United States citizenship|United States]]) or legally impossible (e.g. [[Argentinian nationality law|Argentina]]). The Act on the Modernization of Citizenship Law that came into force in 2024 made [[multiple citizenship]] possible.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bmi.bund.de/SharedDocs/kurzmeldungen/EN/2024/06/mod-staatsangehoerigkeitsrecht.html | title=New law on nationality takes effect }}</ref>

=== Grenada ===
{{Main|Grenadian nationality law}}

The Grenadian Government grants citizenship of Grenada for the following reasons:

*By Birth
**Any person born in Grenada after 1974 or later acquires Grenadian citizenship at birth. The exception is for children born to diplomat parents.
*By Descent
**Children born outside Grenada to a Grenadian-born parent.
*By Registration
**Children (over 18) born outside of Grenada to a Grenadian parent.
**Children (under 18) born outside of Grenada to a Grenadian parent.
**A person who was born outside of Grenada who is a Grandchild of a Grenadian citizen by birth.
**A person who is/or has been married to a citizen of Grenada.
** Citizens of Caribbean Countries may apply for citizenship by registration provided that person has been living in Grenada for 4 years and 2 years as a Permanent Resident (within the four-year period) immediately preceding the date of application.
**Commonwealth & Irish citizens may apply for citizenship by registration provided that the person has been living in Grenada for 7 years and 2 years as a Permanent Resident (within the seven-year period) immediately preceding the date of application.
*By Naturalisation
*An Alien or a British Protected Person may apply for citizenship by naturalisation provided that the person has been living in Grenada for 7 years and 2 years as a Permanent Resident (within the seven-year period) immediately preceding the date of application..

===India===
{{Main|Indian nationality law}}
The [[India]]n citizenship and nationality law and the [[Constitution of India]] provides single citizenship for the entire country. The provisions relating to citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution are contained in Articles 5 to 11<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/India_2014#50|title=Constitute|website=www.constituteproject.org}}</ref> in Part&nbsp;II of the Constitution of India. Relevant [[India]]n legislation is the Citizenship Act 1955, which has been amended by the Citizenship (Amendment) Act 1986, the Citizenship (Amendment) Act 1992, the Citizenship (Amendment) Act 2003,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rajyasabha.nic.in/legislative/amendbills/XXXIX_2003.pdf|date=April 25, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060425230738/http://rajyasabha.nic.in/legislative/amendbills/XXXIX_2003.pdf|archive-date=2006-04-25|title=Citizenship (Amendment) Act 2003}}</ref> and Citizenship (Amendment) Ordinance 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.manupatra.com/downloads/2005-data/Citizenship%20Amendment%20Ordinance%202005/Citizenship%20Amendment%20Ordinance%202005.htm|title=Citizenship (Amendment) Ordinance, 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514150614/http://www.manupatra.com/downloads/2005-data/Citizenship%20Amendment%20Ordinance%202005/Citizenship%20Amendment%20Ordinance%202005.htm|archive-date=2011-05-14}}</ref> The Citizenship (Amendment) Act 2003 received the assent of the President of India on 7 January 2004 and came into force on 3 December 2004. The Citizenship (Amendment) Ordinance 2005 was promulgated by the President of India and came into force on 28 June 2005.<ref name="The Citizenship (Amendment) Ordinance">[https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_parliament/2005/the-citizenship-(amendment)-act-2005.pdf], "It shall be deemed to have come into force on the 28th day of June, 2005" (p1)</ref>

Following these reforms, Indian nationality law largely follows the ''[[jus sanguinis]]'' (citizenship by right of blood) as opposed to the ''[[jus soli]]'' (citizenship by right of birth within the territory).{{citation needed|date=December 2019}}

In 2019, a [[Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019|Citizenship Amendment Act]] was passed by the Parliament of India. This Act aims at fast tracking citizenship for illegal immigrants and refugees fleeing religious persecution for people of Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi or Christian faiths who have entered India on or before 31 December 2014 from the neighbouring countries of Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh.<ref name="PIBPassesBill">{{cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=195783|title=Parliament passes the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill 2019|website=pib.gov.in|access-date=18 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216092712/https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx%3Frelid%3D195783|archive-date=16 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Italy===
{{Main|Italian nationality law}}
The [[Italian Government]] grants Italian citizenship for the following reasons.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.integrazionemigranti.gov.it/normativa/procedureitalia/Pagine/Cittadinanza.aspx|title=La cittadinanzaitaliana|publisher=integrazionemigranti.gov.it|language=it|access-date=12 July 2018|archive-date=1 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701050443/http://www.integrazionemigranti.gov.it/normativa/procedureitalia/Pagine/Cittadinanza.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>

*Automatically
**[[Jus sanguinis]]: for birth;
**If an Italian citizen recognizes, at a time after birth, a minor child;
**For [[adoption]];
**To obtain or re-obtain from a parent.
*Following declaration
**By descent;
**[[Jus soli]]: by birth or descent in Italy;
*By marriage or naturalization
**By marriage: the foreign or stateless spouse of an Italian citizen may acquire Italian [[citizenship]] after two years of legal residence in Italy or, if residing abroad, after three years from the date of [[marriage]];
**By naturalization: the foreigner can apply for Italian citizenship after ten years of legal residence in [[Italy]], reduced to five years for those who have been recognized as stateless or refugee and four years for citizens of countries of the [[European Community]].
* Sufficient command of the [[Italian language]].

===Indonesia===
{{Main|Indonesian nationality law}}
[[Indonesia]]n nationality is regulated by Law No. 12/2006 (UU No. 12 Tahun 2006). The Indonesian nationality law is based on [[jus sanguinis]] and [[jus soli]]. The Indonesian nationality law does not recognize [[dual citizenship]] except for people under the age of 18 (limited double citizenship principle). After reaching 18 years of age individuals are forced to choose one citizenship (single citizenship principle).<ref>{{cite news|title= Indonesia's New Immigration Law Confuses One and All|newspaper= [[Jakarta Globe]]|url= http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/home/new-immigration-law-confuses-one-and-all/472829|access-date= 2012-06-15|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120603061637/http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/home/new-immigration-law-confuses-one-and-all/472829|archive-date= 2012-06-03|url-status= dead}}</ref>

A foreign citizen can apply to become an Indonesian citizen with the following requirements:
* Age 18 or older, or married
* Resided in Indonesia for a minimum of 5 consecutive years or 10 non-consecutive years
* Physically and mentally healthy
* Ability to speak [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] and acknowledge [[Pancasila (politics)|Pancasila]] and [[Constitution of Indonesia|Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945]]
* Never convicted of a crime for which the punishment is imprisonment for one year or more
* If having Indonesian citizenship will not give the person dual citizenship
* Employed or have fixed income
* Pay citizenship fee

Any application for citizenship is granted by the [[President of Indonesia]].

===Israel===
{{Main|Israeli citizenship law}}
[[Israel]]'s [[Israeli Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]] was made on 14 May 1948, the day before the British Mandate was due to expire as a result of the United Nations Partition Plan.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0514.html "Zionists Proclaim New State of Israel; Truman Recognizes it and Hopes for Peace"], ''[[New York Times]]'', 15 May 1948</ref> The Israeli parliament created two laws regarding immigration, citizenship and naturalization: the [[Law of Return]] and the [[Israeli citizenship law]].<ref name="Warsoff">Warsoff, Louis A. "Citizenship in the State of Israel – a Comment", ''New York University Law Review'' 33(1958): 857–862. Web. 28 Nov. 2011</ref> The Law of Return, enacted on July 15, 1950, gives [[Jews]] living anywhere in the world the right to immigrate to Israel. This right to immigrate did not and still does not grant citizenship. In fact, for four years after Israel gained independence, there were no Israeli citizens.<ref name="Warsoff" />

On July 14, 1952, the Israeli parliament enacted the Israeli Nationality Law.<ref name="Warsoff" /> The Nationality Law naturalized all citizens of [[Mandatory Palestine|Mandated Palestine]], the inhabitants of Israel on July 15, 1952, and those who had legally resided in Israel between May 14, 1948, and July 14, 1952. The law further clarified that naturalization was available to immigrants who had arrived before Israel's creation, immigrants who arrived after statehood was granted, and those who did not come to Israel as immigrants but have since expressed desire to settle in Israel, with restriction. Naturalization applicants must also meet the following requirements: be over 18 years of age, have resided in Israel for three out of the five preceding years, have settled or intend to settle permanently in Israel, have some knowledge of Hebrew, and have renounced prior nationality or demonstrated ability to renounce nationality after becoming a citizen of Israel.<ref name="Warsoff" />

Because of Israel's relatively new and culturally mixed identity, Israel does not grant citizenship to people born on Israeli soil. Instead, the government chose to enact a jus sanguinis system, with the naturalization restrictions listed above. There is currently no legislation on second-generation immigrants (those born in Israel to immigrant parents). Furthermore, foreign spouses can apply for citizenship through the Minister of the Interior, but have a variety of restrictions and are not guaranteed citizenship.<ref name="Weil">Weil, Patrick. "Comparing Twenty-Five Nationality Laws." ''Citizenship Today: Global Perspectives and Practices''. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2001. 16–35. Print</ref>

=== Luxembourg ===
{{Main|Luxembourgish nationality law}}
People who fulfill all of the following criteria can obtain Luxembourg citizenship through naturalisation:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://guichet.public.lu/en/citoyens/citoyennete/nationalite-luxembourgeoise/acquisition-recouvrement/naturalisation.html|title=Acquiring Luxembourgish nationality by naturalization|website=guichet.public.lu|language=en|access-date=2019-04-25}}</ref>

* At least 18 years old.
* At least five total years of legal residence in Luxembourg, including an uninterrupted period of one year immediately before applying for citizenship.
* Passing a [[Luxembourgish language]] exam.
* Taking a course on "Living together in the Grand Duchy" (''Vivre ensemble au Grand-Duché du Luxembourg'') or passing the associated examination.
* Not having been handed an immediate custodial sentence of 12 months or more or a suspended custodial sentence of 24 months or more, in any country, unless the sentence was definitively served more than fifteen (15) years prior to the application for naturalization.

===Malaysia===
{{main|Malaysian nationality law}}
Naturalisation in Malaysia is guided by the 1964 [[Constitution of Malaysia|Malaysian Constitution]]. According to the law, those who want to be the country citizen should live in the country for a period of 10–12 years. The would-be-citizens are required to speak the [[Malay language]] as well submitting the identity cards of two Malaysians who recommend the applicant for citizenship.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://traveltips.usatoday.com/malaysian-citizenship-requirements-63015.html|title=Malaysian Citizenship Requirements|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|access-date=25 January 2017}}</ref> As the [[Government of Malaysia]] does not recognise dual citizenship, those who seek naturalisation are needed to reside permanently in the country and renouncing their former country citizenship.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kln.gov.my/c/document_library/get_file?p_l_id=218250&folderId=228818&name=DLFE-6117.doc|title=Application to Renounce Malaysia Citizenship|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia]]|access-date=25 January 2017}}</ref>

The requirements are as follows:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jpn.gov.my/en/maklumat-warganegara/permohonan-taraf-kewarganegaraan-di-bawah-perkara-19-perlembagaan-persekutuan-berumur-21-tahun-atau-lebih/#1458556652889-29fcdca1-032d |title=Application For Citizenship Under Article 19 Of The Federal Constitution – Aged 21 Years And Older |publisher=Malaysian National Registration Department |access-date=25 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125094646/http://www.jpn.gov.my/en/maklumat-warganegara/permohonan-taraf-kewarganegaraan-di-bawah-perkara-19-perlembagaan-persekutuan-berumur-21-tahun-atau-lebih/ |archive-date=25 January 2017 |url-status=dead |quote=This is application for Malaysian citizenship by naturalisation. }}</ref>
* The applicant shall appear before the Registrar of Citizenship when submitting the application.
* The applicant must be aged 21 years and above on the date of the application.
* The applicant has resided in the federation for a period of not less than 10 years in a period of 12 years, including the 12 months immediately preceding the date of application.
* The applicant intends to reside permanently in the federation.
* The applicant is of good character.
* The applicant has adequate knowledge of the Malay language.
* The applicant must be sponsored by two referees who are citizens aged 21 years and above and who are not relatives, not hired people, and not advocates or solicitors to the applicant.
* Form C must be completed and submitted together with copies of the necessary documents.

The Article 16 of 1957 Malaysian Constitution also stated a similar condition previously.<ref>{{citation-attribution|1={{cite web|url=http://www.commonlii.org/my/legis/const/1957/3.html|title=Constitution of Malaysia 1957|publisher=CommonLii|access-date=25 January 2017}} }}</ref>

===Philippines===
{{Main|Philippine nationality law#Citizenship by naturalization}}
Commonwealth Act No. 473, the Revised Naturalization Law, approved June 17, 1939, provided that people having certain specified qualifications may become a citizen of the Philippines by naturalization.<ref name=CA473>{{Citation
| url = http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/comacts/ca_473_1939.html
| title = Commonwealth Act No. 473 : Revised Naturalization Law
| date = 17 June 1939
| publisher = LAWPHIL Project, Arellano Law Foundation
| access-date = 2008-10-06}}</ref> Republic Act No. 9139, approved June 8, 2001, provided that aliens under the age of 18 who were born in the Philippines, who have resided in the Philippines since birth, and who possess other specified qualifications may be granted Philippines citizenship by administrative proceeding subject to certain requirements.<ref name=RA9139>
{{Citation
| url = http://www.chanrobles.com/republicactno9139.html
| title = The Administrative Naturalization Law of 2000
| access-date = 2006-12-19
| date = 8 June 2001
| publisher = Chan Robles Law Library}}</ref><ref name=RA9139Rules>{{Citation
| url = http://www.chanrobles.com/republicactno9139rules.htm
| title = Rules and Regulations Implementing Republic Act No. 9139
| access-date = 2006-12-19
| publisher = Chan Robles Law Library}}</ref>

===Russia===
{{main|Russian nationality law}}
Naturalization in [[Russia]] is guided by articles 13 and 14 of the federal law "About Citizenship of Russian Federation" passed on May 31, 2002. Citizenship of Russia can be obtained in general or simplified order. To become a citizen in general order, one must be 18 years of age or older, continuously live in Russia as a permanent resident for at least five years (this term is limited to one year for valued specialists, political asylum seekers and refugees), have legal means of existence, promise to obey the laws and [[Constitution of Russia]] and be fluent in the [[Russian language]].

There is also a possibility to naturalize in a simplified order, in which certain requirements will be waived. Eligible for that are people, at least one parent of whom is a Russian citizen living on Russian territory; people, who lived on the territories of the former [[Republics of the Soviet Union|Soviet republics]] but never obtained citizenships of those nations after they gained independence; people, who were born on the territory of [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|RSFSR]] and formerly held [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] citizenship; people married to Russian citizens for at least 3 years; people, who served in [[Russian Armed Forces]] under contract for at least 3 years; parents of mentally incapacitated children over 18 who are Russian citizens; participants of the State Program for Assisting Compatriots Residing Abroad; and some other categories.<ref name="Russia">[http://archive.mid.ru//dks.nsf/mnsdoc/04.03.02.02 About Citizenship of Russian Federation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117141703/http://archive.mid.ru/dks.nsf/mnsdoc/04.03.02.02 |date=2016-01-17 }}, 31 May 2002 N 62-ФЗ</ref>

===Spain===
{{main|Spanish nationality law}}
People who fulfill all of the following criteria can obtain Spanish citizenship through naturalisation<ref name="Spain">{{cite web |date=2022-08-30 |title=Spanish Nationality by Residence |url=https://www.mjusticia.gob.es/es/ciudadania/tramites/nacionalidad-residencia |accessdate=2022-10-06 |publisher=mjusticia.gob.es |language=es}}</ref>
* At least 10 years' residence in Spain. This period is reduced to 5 years for people who have obtained refugee status; 2 years for nationals of Ibero-American countries, Andorra, the Philippines, Equatorial Guinea, Portugal or persons of Sephardic origin; 1 year for spouses, widows, widowers, people born in Spain or by a Spanish mother or father. 
* Sufficient command of the Spanish language and culture;
* Declaring allegiance to the Spanish Constitution;
* No serious criminal convictions.

People who naturalise as Spanish citizens must usually give up their previous nationality, as Spanish law takes a restrictive approach to multiple citizenship.

===South Africa===
{{main|South African nationality law}}
Chapter 2 of the South African Citizenship Act, enacted on October 6, 1995, defines who is considered a naturalized citizen at the time of the act and also outlines the naturalization process for future immigrants.<ref name="South Africa">{{cite act |type=Act |index=88 |date=1995 |title=South African Citizenship Act, 1995 |url=https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/act88of1995.pdf |language=English | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191107182036/https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/act88of1995.pdf
 | archive-date=7 November 2019}}</ref>

Any person who immediately prior to the commencement of the act had been a South African citizen via naturalization, had been deemed to be a South African citizen by registration, or had been a citizen via naturalization of any of the former states now composing South Africa is now considered to be a naturalized citizen of South Africa.

Those wishing to apply for naturalization in the future must apply to the Minister of Home Affairs and must meet a slew of requirements. First, naturalization applicants must be over the age of 18 and must have been a permanent resident of South Africa for five years prior to application (prior to 2010, the permanent residence requirement was one year prior to application and for four out of the eight years prior to application).<ref name="South Africa Amendment 2010">{{cite act |type=Act |index=17 |date=2010 |title=South African Citizenship Amendment Act, 2010 |url=https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a1720100.pdf |language=English | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001224421/https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a1720100.pdf
 | archive-date=1 October 2020}}</ref> Applicants must also demonstrate good character and knowledge of the basic responsibilities and privileges of a South African citizen. The ability to communicate in one of the official languages of South Africa is also required. Applicants must show the intention to reside in South Africa after naturalization, and they are required to make a declaration of allegiance. The [[Constitution of South Africa]] states that national legislation must provide for the acquisition, loss and restoration of citizenship.<ref name="South Africa Constitution">{{cite act |type=Act |index=108 |year=1996 |title=Constitution of the Republic of South Africa |orig-section=Chapter 1 <!-- title-link=Constitution of the Republic of South Africa --> |url=https://www.gov.za/documents/constitution/chapter-1-founding-provisions |language=English | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001225321/https://www.gov.za/documents/constitution/chapter-1-founding-provisions
 | archive-date=1 October 2020}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=April 2024}}

Being a naturalized South African citizen is a privilege, not a right. Even after meeting all the requirements and going through the naturalization process, the minister holds the right to deny citizenship.<ref name="Minister">"South African Citizenship Through Naturalization." Immigration Assistant. N.p., 21 July 2009. Web. 1 Dec. 2011.</ref> Foreign spouses of South African citizens can apply for naturalization after two years of marriage, but is subject to potential denial of the minister. The minister can also grant citizenship to minors, if their parent applies for them.

The minister also holds the power to revoke naturalization at any time for specific reasons listed in the Act. Reasons for revoking the naturalization certificate include marrying someone who is a citizen of another country and holding citizenship in another country, or applying for citizenship of another country without prior authorization for retention of citizenship. If a permanent resident is denied naturalization, he or she must wait at least one year before reapplying.

===United Kingdom===
{{Main|British nationality law}}
There has always been a distinction in the [[law of England and Wales]] between the subjects of the monarch and aliens: the monarch's subjects owed the monarch allegiance, and included those born in his or her dominions (natural-born subjects) and those who later gave him or her their allegiance (naturalised subjects). Today, the requirements for naturalisation as a citizen of the [[United Kingdom]] depend on whether or not one is the spouse or [[Civil partnership in the United Kingdom|civil partner]] of a citizen. An applicant who is a spouse or civil partner of a British citizen must:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/apply-citizenship-spouse|title=Apply for citizenship if your spouse is a British citizen|website=gov.uk|access-date=September 9, 2020}}</ref>{{verify source|date=September 2020}}
* hold [[indefinite leave to remain]] in the [[UK]] (or an equivalent such as [[Right of Abode (United Kingdom)|Right of Abode]] or Irish citizenship)
* have lived legally in the UK for three years
* been outside of the UK no more than 90 days during the one-year period prior to filing the application.
* show sufficient knowledge of life in the UK, either by passing the [[Life in the United Kingdom test]] or by attending combined English language and citizenship classes. Proof of this must be supplied with one's application for naturalisation. Those aged 65 or over may be able to claim exemption.
* meet specified [[English language|English]], [[Welsh language|Welsh]] or [[Scottish Gaelic language]] competence standards.

For those not married to or in a civil partnership with a British citizen, the requirements are:
* Five years legal residence in the UK
* Indefinite leave to remain or "equivalent" for this purpose (see above) must have been held for 12&nbsp;months
* the applicant must intend to continue to live in the UK or work overseas for the UK government or a British corporation or association
* the same "good character" standards apply as for those married to British citizens
* the same language and knowledge of life in the UK standards apply as for those married to British citizens.

===United States===
{{Further|United States nationality law|History of laws concerning immigration and naturalization in the United States}}
[[File:US Navy 090528-N-3207B-034 Sailors, Marines, Soldiers and Airmen recite the pledge of allegiance during a naturalization ceremony at the USS Midway Museum.jpg|thumb|upright|[[United States]] service members are sworn in as [[citizenship of the United States|citizens of the United States]] aboard the [[USS Midway (CV-41)|USS ''Midway'']] in 2009]]
Persons who are not US citizens may receive citizenship through the process of naturalization, following the Congressional requirements in the [[Immigration and Nationality Act]] (INA).<ref name="requirements of naturalization" /><ref name="Legal-Almanac">Margaret C. Jasper, ''Legal Almanac: The Law of Immigration'' § 9:3</ref> Naturalized citizens have the same rights as those who acquired citizenship at birth.<ref name="Legal-Almanac" />

The INA states the following:{{Blockquote|No person, except as otherwise provided in this [[title 8 of the United States Code#Subchapter III: Nationality and Naturalization|subchapter]], shall be naturalized unless such applicant, (1) immediately preceding the date of filing his [[Form N-400|application for naturalization]] has resided continuously, after being [[lawful permanent residents (United States)|lawfully admitted for permanent residence]], within the United States for at least five years and during the five years immediately preceding the date of filing his application has been physically present therein for periods totaling at least half of that time, and who has resided within the [[U.S. state|State]] or within the district of the [[United States Citizenship and Immigration Services|Service]] in the United States in which the applicant filed the application for at least three months, (2) has resided continuously within the United States from the date of the application up to the time of admission to citizenship, and (3) during all the periods referred to in this subsection has been and still is a person of good moral character, attached to the principles of the [[United States Constitution|Constitution of the United States]], and well disposed to the good order and happiness of the United States.<ref name="requirements of naturalization">{{uscsub|8|1427|a}} ("Requirements of naturalization"); see also {{USC|8|1429}} ("Prerequisite to naturalization; burden of proof"); {{USC|8|1452}} ("Certificates of citizenship or U.S. non-citizen national status; procedure"); {{USC|8|1503}} ("Denial of rights and privileges as national").</ref>}}

[[File:Usnaturalization.jpg|thumb|A man taking the required [[citizenship of the United States|citizenship]] [[oath of allegiance]] in front of [[Federal government of the United States|US government officials]] in [[New York City]] (1910).]]
[[File:Naturalization ceremony at Kennedy Space Center.jpg|thumb|New citizens at a naturalization ceremony at [[Kennedy Space Center]] in [[Florida]] (2010).]]

The [[Naturalization Act of 1795]] set the initial rules on naturalization: "free, White persons" who had been resident for five years or more.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.sunypress.edu/p-6435-race-nation-and-refuge.aspx|title=Race, Nation, and Refuge|publisher=[[SUNY Press]]}}</ref> An 1862 law allowed honorably discharged Army veterans of any war to petition for naturalization after only one year of residence in the United States.<ref>[https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/37th-congress/session-2/c37s2ch200.pdf An Act to define the Pay and Emoluments of certain Officers of the Army, and for other purposes], 17 July 1862, §21.</ref> An 1894 law extended the same privilege to honorably discharged five-year veterans of the Navy or Marine Corps. Laws enacted in 1919, 1926, 1940, and 1952 continued preferential treatment provisions for veterans.<ref>Schulze, Lorine McGinnis (2003). [http://www.naturalizationrecords.com/usa/ Naturalization Records in the USA"], Retrieved April 23, 2005</ref>

Following the [[Spanish–American War]] in 1898, Philippine citizens were classified as US nationals, and the 1917 [[Jones–Shafroth Act]] granted US citizenship to natives of [[Puerto Rico]]. But the 1934 [[Tydings–McDuffie Act]] reclassified Filipinos as aliens, and set a quota of 50 immigrants per year, and otherwise applying the [[Immigration Act of 1924]] to them.

The [[Chinese Exclusion Repeal Act|Magnuson Act]] repealed the Chinese Exclusion Act. During the 1940s, 100 annual immigrants from [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]] and the Philippines were allowed. The [[War Brides Act]] of 1945 permitted soldiers to bring back their foreign wives and established precedent in naturalization through [[marriage]]. The [[Immigration Act of 1965]] finally allowed people from all nations to be given equal access to immigration and naturalization.

[[Illegal immigration]] became a major issue in the United States at the end of the 20th century. The [[Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986]], while tightening border controls, also provided the opportunity of naturalization for illegal aliens who had been in the country for at least four years. Today, [[lawful permanent residents (United States)|lawful permanent residents]] of the United States are eligible to apply for US citizenship after five years,<ref name="1101(a)(23)">{{uscsub|8|1101|a|23}} ("The term 'naturalization' means the conferring of nationality of a state upon a person after birth, by any means whatsoever."); {{usc|8|1436}} ("A person not a citizen who owes permanent allegiance to the United States, and who is otherwise qualified, may, if he becomes a resident of any [[U.S. state|State]], '''''be naturalized''''' upon compliance with the applicable requirements of [[title 8 of the United States Code#Subchapter III: Nationality and Naturalization|this subchapter]]....") (emphasis added).</ref> unless they continue to be married to a US citizen, in which case they can apply after only three years of permanent residency.<ref>[http://www.immigrationamerica.org/citizenship/naturalization "Citizenship Through Naturalization"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824103202/http://www.immigrationamerica.org/citizenship/naturalization |date=2011-08-24 }}, ImmigrationAmerica</ref>

The [[Child Citizenship Act of 2000]] streamlined the naturalization process for children [[adoption in the United States|adopted]] [[international adoption|internationally]]. A child under age 18 who is adopted by at least one US citizen parent, and is in the custody of the citizen parent(s), is now automatically naturalized once admitted to the United States as an immigrant or when legally adopted in the United States, depending on the visa under which the child was admitted to the United States. The Act also provides that the non-citizen minor child of a newly naturalized US citizen, whether by birth or adoption, also automatically receives US citizenship.

== See also ==
* [[Bancroft Treaties]]
* [[Citizenship]]
* [[Denaturalization]]
* [[Integration of immigrants]]
* [[Permanent residency]]
* [[History of citizenship]]
* [[European Convention on Nationality]]
* [[Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Naturalization}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070928151630/http://www.politicoslatinos.com/2008candidates-videos.html PoliticosLatinos.com] Videos of 2008 US Presidential Election Candidates' Positions regarding Immigration
*[https://archive.today/20130126034522/http://www.i-newswire.com/pr237819.html Naturalization First Appeared in the Constitution]
*[http://www.eudo-citizenship.eu EUDO CITIZENSHIP Observatory] {{Webarchive|url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20110622110033/http://eudo-citizenship.eu/ |date=2011-06-22 }}

{{Nationality laws}}
{{Social class}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Acquired citizenship]]
[[Category:Philosophy of law]]
[[Category:Time in government]]