View source for National poet

{{short description|Poet traditionally held to represent a certain national culture}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
[[File:Grave of James Clarence Mangan.jpg|thumb|Tomb of [[James Clarence Mangan]], with legend describing him as "[[Ireland]]'s national poet"]]
A '''national poet''' or '''national bard''' is a [[poet]] held by tradition and popular acclaim to represent the identity, beliefs and principles of a particular [[Romantic nationalism|national culture]].<ref name="Esterhammer">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eSa4fY_LQVYC&q=national+poets&pg=PA249 | title= "'National Poets' in the Romantic Age: Emergence and Importance." Romantic Poetry | publisher=John Benjamins Publishing | author-link=Virgil Nemoianu | author=Nemoianu, Virgil | editor=Esterhammer, Angela | year=2002 | pages=537 | isbn=9789027234506}}</ref> The national poet as [[culture hero]] is a long-standing symbol, to be distinguished from successive holders of a bureaucratically-appointed [[Poet Laureate|poet-laureate]] office. The idea and honoring of national poets emerged primarily during [[Romanticism]], as a figure that helped consolidation of the [[nation state]]s, as it provided validation of their [[ethno-linguistic]] groups.<ref name="Esterhammer" />

Most national poets are historic figures, though a few contemporary writers working in relatively new or revived national literatures are also considered "national poets". Though not formally elected, national poets play a role in shaping a country's understanding of itself.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our National Poets |url=https://poets.org/our-national-poets |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=Poets.org |language=en}}</ref> Some nations may have more than one national poet; the idea of a single one is always a simplification. It has been argued that a national poet "must write poetry that closely identifies with the nation's cause – or is thought to do so",<ref>John Neubauer, "Figures of National Poets", in Marcel Cornis-Pope and John Neubauer, eds., ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=YINYl4iv4ecC&pg=PA11 Figures of National Poets]'' (2004), p. 11.</ref> with an additional assumption being that "a national poet must write in a national language".<ref>Michael Baron, ''Language and Relationship in Wordsworth's Writing'' (1995), p. 13.</ref>

The following is a list of nations, with their associated national poets. It is not a list of [[Sovereignty|sovereign]] [[sovereign state|states]] or [[countries]], though many of the nations listed may also be such. The terms "[[nation]]" (as cultural concept), "[[country]]" (as geographical concept) and "[[State (polity)|state]]" (as political concept) are not [[synonym]]s.

==Africa==

[[File:Hadrawi.jpg|thumb|Hadrawi of Somalia]]

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Country or Territory
!Poet
!{{Refh}}
|-
|{{flag|Algeria}}
| [[Si Mohand]], [[Moufdi Zakaria]]
|<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.academia.edu/29392840|title=Vermondo Brugnatelli «Mi spezzo ma non mi piego» - La poesia di Si Mohand (1849-1905)|first=Vermondo|last=Brugnatelli|date=1 November 2016|via=Academia.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aathaar.net/en/place/5080|title=اكتشف العالم|website=اكتشف العالم}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Angola}}
|[[Agostinho Neto]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nationalopedia.com/angola-national-poet-a-tribute-to-agostinho-neto/|title=Angola National Poet: A Tribute to Agostinho Neto|first=Mahmood|last=Rehan|date=22 May 2023}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Burkina Faso}}
|[[Titinga Frédéric Pacéré]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Editorial de Sidwaya : Des signaux forts… ! - leFaso.net |url=https://lefaso.net/spip.php?article41633 |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=lefaso.net |language=fr}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Cape Verde}}
|[[Jorge Barbosa (writer)|Jorge Barbosa]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Almeida |first=Germano |date=2023-11-03 |title=Apenas indeferença? – A Nação – Jornal Independente |url=https://www.anacao.cv/noticia/2023/11/03/apenas-indeferenca/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |language=pt-PT}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of Congo}}
|[[Antoine-Roger Bolamba]] (J'ongungu) [when the country was known as Congo–[[Zaire]]]
|<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gikandi |first=Simon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iuKAAgAAQBAJ |title=Encyclopedia of African Literature |date=2003-09-02 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-58222-8 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Djibouti}}
|Victor Hugo M'Gonagall
|<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wWQwAQAAIAAJ&q=%22national+poet%22+djibouti |title=Punch |date=1977 |publisher=Punch Publications Limited |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Egypt}}
| [[Ahmed Shawqi]]
|<ref>Graves,&nbsp;R.&nbsp;(2014).&nbsp;''[[Good-bye to All That: An Autobiography]]''.&nbsp;United Kingdom:&nbsp;Penguin Books Limited.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
| [[Gibreab Teferi]], [[Tsegaye Gabre-Medhin]]
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pnreview.co.uk/cgi-bin/scribe?item_id=2696|title=PN Review 169|website=PN Review }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Ghana}}
|[[Atukwei Okai]], [[Kofi Awoonor]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/886160/professor-john-atukwei-okai-an-appreciation-of-a-pan-african.html|title=Professor John Atukwei Okai An Appreciation Of A Pan-African Bard|website=Modern Ghana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://cmlibrary.bibliocommons.com/v2/record/S106C2257864|title=The promise of hope: new and selected poems, 1964-2013|first1=Kofi|last1=Awoonor|first2=Kofi|last2=Anyidoho|first3=Kwame Senu Neville|last3=Dawes|series=African poetry book series |date=26 January 2014|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|isbn=978-0-8032-5493-0 |via=Charlotte Mecklenburg Library}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Kenya}}
|[[Abdilatif Abdalla]]
|<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FI5EAQAAIAAJ |title=Struggle for Democracy in Kenya: Special Report on the 1988 General Elections in Kenya |date=1988 |publisher=UMOJA |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Lesotho}}
|[[Thomas Mofolo]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whathowbuzz.com/lesotho-facts/|title=Lesotho Facts and History and History|date=21 April 2020}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Liberia}}
|[[Melvin B. Tolson]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.flashpointmag.com/mbttolsonrevisited.htm|title=Robert M. Farnsworth - Melvin B. Tolson : Revisited|website=Flashpoint Magazine}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Libya}}
|[[Ahmed Rafiq Almhadoui]]
|<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rothenberg |first1=Jerome |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sp6f4oy0bAsC |title=Poems for the Millennium, Volume Four: The University of California Book of North African Literature |last2=Joris |first2=Pierre |last3=Robinson |first3=Jeffrey Cane |last4=Tengour |first4=Habib |date=1995 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-27385-6 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Madagascar}}
| [[Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ascleiden.nl/content/library-weekly/jean-joseph-rabearivelo|title=Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo|website=African Studies Centre Leiden}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Mali}}
| [[Fily Dabo Sissoko]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.symbolicmeaningofaflower.com/meaning/what-is-the-national-flower-of-mali-meaning-and-symbolism/|title=What is the national flower of Mali, Meaning and Symbolism|date=9 October 2023|website=Symbolic Meaning Of A Flower}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Mauritius}}
|[[Léoville L'Homme]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pahladramsurrun.com/shop/indradhanush-magazine-leoville-lhomme/|work=Indradhanush Magazine |title=Léoville L'Homme }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Morocco}}
| [[Mohammed Awzal]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.app.com.pk/national/allama-iqbals-philosophy-gives-depth-height-to-human-imagination-pm/|title=Allama Iqbal's philosophy gives depth, height to human imagination: PM|date=8 February 2019}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Mozambique}}
|[[José Craveirinha]]
|<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-0487|title=Dictionary of African Biography|first=Livia|last=Apa|editor-first1=Emmanuel K. |editor-first2=Henry Louis |editor-last1=Akyeampong |editor-last2=Gates |date=1 January 2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|via=Oxford Reference|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Namibia}}
|[[Mvula ya Nangolo]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.revuenoire.com/en/mvula-ya-nangolo-namibia/|title=Mvula Ya NANGOLO – Namibia |website=Revue Noire}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
| [[Christopher Okigbo]]
|<ref>Nwakanma,&nbsp;O.&nbsp;(2010:90).&nbsp;''Christopher Okigbo, 1930-67: Thirsting for Sunlight''.&nbsp;Nigeria:&nbsp;James Currey.</ref><ref>''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics''.&nbsp;(2018:623).&nbsp;United Kingdom:&nbsp;OUP Oxford.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}}
| [[Francisco José Tenreiro]], [[Alda Neves do Espírito Santo]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Francisco José de Vasques Tenreiro |url=https://www.apgeo.pt/francisco-jose-de-vasques-tenreiro |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=APGEO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hage |first=Naziha |date=2024-04-11 |title=Las mujeres, fundamentales en la lucha anticolonial portuguesa |url=https://www.esafrica.es/genero/las-mujeres-fundamentales-en-la-lucha-anticolonial-portuguesa/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=Es África |language=es-ES}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Senegal}}
| [[Léopold Sédar Senghor]]
|<ref>Moore,&nbsp;G.&nbsp;(1980:38).&nbsp;Twelve African Writers.&nbsp;United Kingdom:&nbsp;Hutchinson University Library for Africa.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Sierra Leone}}
|[[Davidson Nicol]]
|<ref>Rice,&nbsp;G.&nbsp;T.&nbsp;(1985:238).&nbsp;''The Bold Experiment: JFK's Peace Corps''.&nbsp;United States:&nbsp;University Press of Virginia.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Somalia}}
| [[Hadrawi]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/178873/hadraawi-shakespeare-of-somalia-dies |title=Hadraawi, Shakespeare of Somalia, dies |work=New Age}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|South Africa}}
| [[S. E. K. Mqhayi]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.grafiati.com/en/literature-selections/mqhayi-s/|title=Bibliographies: 'Mqhayi S' |website=Grafiati}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Tanzania}}
| [[Shaaban bin Robert]]
|<ref name="CameronDodd2014">{{cite book|author1=J. Cameron|author2=W. A. Dodd|title=Society, Schools and Progress in Tanzania: The Commonwealth and International Library: Education and Educational Research|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=73eoBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA57|date=17 May 2014|publisher=Elsevier Science|isbn=978-1-4831-5914-0|pages=57–}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Tunisia}}
| [[Aboul-Qacem Echebbi]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nationalanthems.info/tn.htm|title=Tunisia – nationalanthems.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mediorientedintorni.com/index.php/2021/01/24/canticles-of-the-life-by-aboul-qacem-echebbi/?lang=en|title="Canticles of the life" by Aboul-Qacem Echebbi|first=Khalid|last=Valisi|date=24 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''{{flag|Western Sahara}}''
| [[Zaim Allal]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hosting.northumbria.ac.uk/westernsaharapoetry/2023/01/31/poetry-translation-centre-features-two-poets-from-this-project-in-an-upcoming-translation-workshop/|title=Poetry Translation Centre features two poets from this project in an upcoming translation workshop – Western Sahara Poetry|date=21 June 2023}}</ref>
|}

==Asia==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Country (or&nbsp;region)
!Poet
!{{Refh}}
|-
|{{flag|Afghanistan}}
|[[Rumi]], [[Khushal Khattak]]
|<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Morgenstierne | first1 = G. | doi = 10.1080/03068376008731684 | title = Khushhal Khan—the national poet of the Afghans | journal = Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society | volume = 47 | pages = 49–57 | year = 1960 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/poetry-of-rumi-spans-across-centuries-cultures|title=Poetry of Rumi Spans Across Centuries, Cultures|date=4 June 2009|website=PBS NewsHour}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Bangladesh}}
|[[Kazi Nazrul Islam]]
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Signed and sealed: Bangladesh officially recognises Kazi Nazrul Islam as national poet |url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/4b95f5a98090 |work=[[bdnews24.com]] |date=3 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250103191415/https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/4b95f5a98090 |archive-date=3 January 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bangladesh officially recognizes late Kazi Nazrul Islam as 'national poet' |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/bangladesh-officially-recognizes-late-kazi-nazrul-islam-as-national-poet-/3440772# |work=[[Anadolu Agency]] |date=3 January 2025}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|China}}
|[[Du Fu]], [[Li Bai]]
|<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hao |first1=Tianhu |title=Milton in Late-Qing China (1837-1911) and the Production of Cross-Cultural Knowledge |journal=Milton Quarterly |date=2012 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=86–105 |doi=10.1111/j.1094-348X.2012.00330.x |jstor=24463978 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.chinaculture.org/library/2008-01/09/content_41814.htm|title=Poetic Genius, Sage of Poetry, Buddhist Poet and Poet-Ghost|website=en.chinaculture.org}}</ref><ref>Ward, J. E. (2008). ''Li Bai: an Homage To''. United Kingdom: Lulu.com.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Cambodia}}
|[[Preah Botumthera Som]]
|<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Polin |first1=Soth |last2=May |first2=Sharon |title=Without Words: An Interview |journal=Manoa |date=2006 |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=108–115 |doi=10.1353/man.2006.0035 |jstor=4230442 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|India}}
|[[Rabindranath Tagore]], [[Ramdhari Singh Dinkar]], [[Maithili Sharan Gupt]], [[Subramania Bharati]], [[Kalidasa]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://iias.ac.in/events/national-poet-subramania-bharati-thinker-ahead-of-times-from-tamil-nadu/|title=National Poet Subramania Bharati: Thinker ahead of times from Tamil Nadu – Indian Institute of Advanced Study}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ground.news/article/a164ad3f-b05f-4924-898b-d8296e8fac85|title=Maithili Sharan Gupta poems are awakening for the passion of patriotism|website=Ground News|date=12 December 2020 }}</ref><ref>''Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Poona''. (1987). India: Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute.</ref><ref>Bhawe, S. S. (1964). ''Kalidasa: The National Poet of India''. India: Good Companions.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lokvani.com/lokvani/article.php?article_id=12661|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309181507/http://www.lokvani.com/lokvani/article.php?article_id=12661|url-status=usurped|archive-date=9 March 2021|title=Valmiki Jayanti At Shri Dwarkamai Vidyapeeth|website=Lokvani}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Indonesia}}
|[[Chairil Anwar]], [[Sapardi Djoko Damono]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://artsofresistance.com/portfolio/joma-sison/|title=Joma Sison - Arts of Resistance|website=Arts of Resistance}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sapardi Djoko Damono: 70 … and still kicking |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/03/31/sapardi-djoko-damono-70-%E2%80%A6-and-still-kicking.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100403144300/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/03/31/sapardi-djoko-damono-70-%E2%80%A6-and-still-kicking.html |archive-date=2010-04-03 |access-date=2025-05-29 |website= The Jakarta Post |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sapardi Djoko Damono |url=http://www.poetryinternational.org/piw_cms/cms/cms_module/index.php?obj_id=16151 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509013548/http://www.poetryinternational.org/piw_cms/cms/cms_module/index.php?obj_id=16151 |archive-date=2012-05-09 |access-date=2025-05-29 |website= Poetry International |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Iran}}
|[[Ferdowsi]], [[Rumi]], [[Hafez]], [[Attar of Nishapur]], [[Omar Khayyám]], [[Saadi Shirazi]], [[Nizami Ganjavi]], [[Rudaki]], [[Mohammad-Hossein Shahriar]], [[Mohammad-Taqi Bahar]],[[Mehdi Akhavan-Sales]], [[Aref Qazvini]], [[Ahmad Shamlou]], [[Parvin E'tesami]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhlrc.ucla.edu/cnes/event/7766|title=The Shahnameh: Iran's National Epic|website=NHLRC}}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{cite web | url=https://www.thestorymint.com/writers-pad/farha-naz/titles/my-favourite-author-jalaluddin-rumi-who-changed-my-life-0 | title=My favourite Author Jalalu'ddin Rumi, who changed my life |work=The Story Mint }}</ref><ref>Viestad, A. (2023). ''Dinner in Rome: A History of the World in One Meal''. United Kingdom: Reaktion Books.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Iraq}}
|[[Muthaffar al-Nawab]], [[Al-Mutanabbi]], [[Muhammad Mahdi al-Jawahiri]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iraq-protesters-force-pm-leave-funeral-national-communist-poet-muzaffar-al-nawab|title=Iraq: Protesters force PM to leave funeral of national poet Muzaffar al-Nawab|website=Middle East Eye}}</ref><ref>''Wonders of creation: manuscripts of the Bavarian State Library from the Islamic world''. (2010). Germany: Harrassowitz Verlag.</ref><ref>Zeidel, R. (2020). ''Pluralism in the Iraqi Novel After 2003: Literature and the Recovery of National Identity''. United States: Lexington Books.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Israel}}
|[[Yehuda Amichai]],  [[Hayim Nahman Bialik]], [[Natan Alterman]]
|,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gold |first1=Nili Scharf |title=Yehuda Amichai: The Making of Israel's National Poet |date=2008 |publisher=Brandeis University Press |doi=10.2307/j.ctv102bhrh |isbn=978-1-58465-733-0 |jstor=j.ctv102bhrh }}{{page needed|date=April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjewishlearning.com/culture/2/Literature/Hebrew/Emergence_of_Modern_Hebrew_Literature/The_Pioneers/Hayim_Nahman_Bialik.shtml|title=Hayim Nahman Bialik}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://jewishoriginal.com/celebrating-natan-alterman-israels-national-poet-literary-legend-and-political-voice/ | title=Celebrating Natan Alterman: Israel's National Poet, Literary Legend, and Political Voice | date=14 August 1910 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Japan}}
|[[Matsuo Bashō]], [[Lafcadio Hearn]], [[Tanikawa Shuntaro]], [[Ishikawa Takuboku]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://greekreporter.com/2022/05/11/lafcadio-hearn-greek-national-poet-of-japan-koizumi-yakumo/|title=Lafcadio Hearn: The Greek National Poet of Japan - GreekReporter.com|date=27 June 2024 }}</ref><ref>''Japan Quarterly''. (1960:47). Japan: Asahi Shinbun.</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://cup.columbia.edu/book/the-first-modern-japanese/9780231179720|title=The First Modern Japanese: The Life of Ishikawa Takuboku|first=Donald|last=Keene|date=19 September 2016|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-54223-4 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Jordan}}
|[[Mustafa Wahbi al-Tal]]
|<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mahfouz |first1=Safi |last2=Al Hweitat |first2=Dr. Mufleh |title='Arār, "Jordan's Wandering Poet among the Gypsies," and Maxwell Bodenheim, "The Village Rogue": A Comparative Study of the Two Bohemians' Lives and Poetic Styles |journal=The International Journal of Literary Humanities |date=2022 |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=121–137 |id={{ProQuest|2730090789}} |doi=10.18848/2327-7912/CGP/v20i02/121-137 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}
|[[Abai Qunanbaiuli]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.shymkent.info/2020/08/09/175th-birthday-of-abay-qunanbaiuly/|title=175th Birthday of Abay Qunanbaiuly|work=Info Shymkent|date=9 August 2020}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg|link=Korean Unification Flag|24x24px]] [[Korea]]
|[[Cho Ki-chon]], [[Yun Dongju]], [[Han Yong-un]], [[Park Mok-wol]], [[Jeong Cheol]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 September 2008 |script-title=ko:기획 기사 [9.9절 방북취재-6]&lt;백두산은 역시 혁명의 성산&gt; |url=http://www.kancc.org/bbs/board.php?bo_table=special&wr_id=129 |access-date=10 November 2020 |publisher=[[Korean American National Coordinating Council]] |language=ko}}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis | url=http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX10059 | title=Le poéte coréen Yun Tong-Ju : (Entre le Jiandao du nord et le Japon) | date=January 1989 | publisher=Aix-Marseille 1 | type=These de doctorat | last1=Lim | first1=Byung-Sun | last2=Dabezies | first2=André }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Kurdistan}}
|[[Hemin Mukriyani]], [[Sherko Bekas]], [[Abdurrahman Sharafkandi]], [[Ehmedê Xanî]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kurdshop.net/en/famous-kurdish-persons/2899|title=Hemn, the National Poet|date=5 August 2023|website=KURDŞOP (kurdshop.net)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://nlka.net/eng/reviewing-the-secret-diary-of-a-rose/ | title=Reviewing Sherko Bekas' 'The Secret Diary of a Rose' | date=6 June 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://berkeley.pressbooks.pub/languagesofberkeley/chapter/kurdish/|title=Kurdish|author=Claude H. Potts|date=13 June 2021|journal=Berkeley Pressbooks}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.academia.edu/33242260|title=The Consecration of a Kurdish National Epic|first=Michiel|last=Leezenberg|work=Academia.edu}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
|[[Toktogul Satylganov]]
|<ref>Coşkun, M. (2020:64). ''Improvising the Voice of the Ancestors: Heritage and Identity in Central Asia''. Germany: Lit Verlag.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Lebanon}}
|[[Kahlil Gibran]], [[Said Akl]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nypl.org/blog/2011/12/31/prophet-greenwich-village|title="The Prophet" in Greenwich Village|website=The New York Public Library}}</ref><ref>Salameh, F. (2010:220). ''Language, Memory, and Identity in the Middle East: The Case for Lebanon''. Ukraine: Lexington Books.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Malaysia}}
|[[Usman Awang]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://s-pores.com/2007/04/linda-chen/|title=In Memory of Linda Chen (1928-2002)|date=10 April 2007}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Mongolia}}
|[[Ochirbatyn Dashbalbar]], [[Dulduityn Danzanravjaa]], [[Dashdorjiin Natsagdorj]], [[Byambyn Rinchen]], [[Hadaa Sendoo]]
|<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0090599200024016/type/journal_article|title=City of felt and concrete: Negotiating cultural hybridity in Mongolia's capital of Ulaanbaatar|first1=Alexander C.|last1=Diener|first2=Joshua|last2=Hagen|date=1 July 2013|journal=Nationalities Papers|volume=41|issue=4|pages=622–650|via=CrossRef|doi=10.1080/00905992.2012.743513|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rutgers.academia.edu/SimonWickhamsmith/CurriculumVitae|title=Simon Wickhamsmith|website=Rutgers}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://memim.com/dashdorjiin-natsagdorj.html|title=Dashdorjiin Natsagdorj|website=memim}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.calligraphy-museum.com/cn/news/news/mongolian-calligraphy-the-tradition-of-fine-writing-in-the-mongolian-language|title=Mongolian calligraphy – the tradition of fine writing in the Mongolian language|website=Calligraphy Museum}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ginamc.blogspot.com/2015/06/hadaa-sendoo-world-poet.html|title=Riding & Writing...: Hadaa Sendoo, World Poet|date=14 June 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Myanmar}}
|[[Min Thu Wun]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://moemaka.net/eng/2009/02/burmese-national-poet-a-literary-icon-min-thu-wun-100-year-anniversary-to-hold-far-and-wide/|title=Burmese National Poet & Literary Icon, Min Thu Wun 100 year Anniversary to hold far and wide|date=6 February 2009}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Nepal}}
|[[Madhav Prasad Ghimire]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/69553/|title=206th birth anniversary of Aadi Kavi Bhanu Bhakta Acharya being marked today (with video)|first=Sanskriti|last=Acharya|website=My Republica|date=8 August 2024 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Pakistan}}
|[[Allama Muhammad Iqbal]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://poets.org/poet/muhammad-allama-iqbal|title=Muhammad Allama Iqbal|website=Poets.org}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Palestine}}
|[[Mahmoud Darwish]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2024/3/13/remembering-mahmoud-darwish-the-poetic-voice-of-palestine|title='The war will end': Remembering Mahmoud Darwish, Palestine's poetic voice|first=Indlieb Farazi|last=Saber|website=Al Jazeera}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Philippines}}
|[[Francisco Balagtas]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bulacan.gov.ph/general-info/francisco-balagtas/|title=Francisco "Baltazar" Balagtas – Provincial Government of Bulacan|website=bulacan.gov.ph}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Sri Lanka}}
|[[Parakrama Kodituwakku]]
|<ref>''Beyond Borders: An Anthology of SAARC Poetry''. (2002). India: Academy of Fine Arts and Literature and Rainbow Publishers.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Syria}}
| [[Nizar Qabbani]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780195390155/obo-9780195390155-0272.xml|title=Nizar Qabbani|website=obo}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Taiwan}}
|[[Yang Mu]], [[Yu Youren]]
|<ref>Wong, L. L. (2009:170). ''Rays of the Searching Sun: The Transcultural Poetics of Yang Mu''. Austria: P.I.E. Peter Lang.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dokumen.pub/politics-and-cultural-nativism-in-1970s-taiwan-youth-narrative-nationalism-9780231553667.html|title=Politics and Cultural Nativism in 1970s Taiwan: Youth, Narrative, Nationalism 9780231553667|website=dokumen.pub}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Tajikistan}}
| [[Sadriddin Ayni]], [[Bozor Sobir]], [[Mirzo Tursunzoda]] [[Rudaki]], [[Rumi]], [[Gulnazar Keldi]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medt.tj/en/tourism/sultural-heritage/1557-sadriddin-ayni|title=Sadriddin Ayni|website=medt.tj}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://edurank.org/uni/tajik-national-university/alumni/|title=10 Notable Alumni of Tajik National University [Sorted List]|date=11 August 2021|website=EduRank.org - Discover university rankings by location}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.advantour.com/tajikistan/culture/literature.htm|title=Tajik Literature and Poetry|website=Advantour}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rudaki|title=Rūdakī: Classical Poet, Persian Language, 9th Century|date=4 April 2024|website=Britannica}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://en.irna.ir/news/84728271/Renowned-Iranian-poet-Saadi-commemorated-in-Tajikistan | title=Renowned Iranian poet Saadi commemorated in Tajikistan | date=22 April 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://tajmedun.tj/en/news/university/jalaliddin-rumi-poetry-and-wisdom-beyond-time/ | title=Jalaliddin Rumi - Poetry and Wisdom Beyond Time }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ecieco.org/en/news/5329/On-the-Demise-of-Gulnazar-Keldi | title=On the Demise of Gulnazar Keldi }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Thailand}}
| [[Sunthorn Phu]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://structomagazine.co.uk/poems-from-the-buddhas-footprint-a-conversation-with-anothai-kaewkaen/|title=Poems from the Buddha's Footprint: A Conversation with Noh Anothai|website=Structo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://agape-editions.com/2016/10/10/midwest-monkey-reading-sunthorn-phu/|title=MIDWEST MONKEY: Reading Sunthorn Phu|date=10 October 2016}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Tibet}}
|[[Tsering Woeser]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://culanth.org/fieldsights/the-work-of-art-in-the-age-of-self-immolation-1|title=The Work of Art in the Age of Self-Immolation|first=Leigh|last=Sangster|date=8 April 2012|website=Society for Cultural Anthropology}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Turkey}}
|[[Rumi]], [[Nâzım Hikmet]], [[Ziya Gökalp]], [[Mehmet Âkif Ersoy]]
|<ref name="auto3"/><ref>{{cite web | url=https://theculturetrip.com/europe/turkey/articles/ziya-g-kalp-turkey-s-national-poet-and-the-father-of-turkish-nationalism | title=Ziya Gkalp: Turkeys National Poet and the Father of Turkish Nationalism | date=6 August 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lightmillennium.org/winter_02/jmardin_nhikmet.html|title=NAZIM HIKMET National Poet, International Figure But Not A Turkish Citizen |author=Julie MARDIN|website=Light Millennium}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/writer-of-turkish-national-anthem-commemorated-161188|title=Writer of Turkish national anthem commemorated|date=28 December 2020|website=Hürriyet Daily News}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Turkmenistan}}
|[[Magtymguly Pyragy]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://daryo.uz/en/2023/03/06/giant-statue-of-national-poet-magtymguly-installed-in-ashgabat|title=Giant statue of national poet Magtymguly installed in Ashgabat|date=3 June 2023|website=Daryo}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Uzbekistan}}
|[[Ali-Shir Nava'i]], [[Abdulla Oripov (poet)|Abdulla Oripov]], [[Erkin Vohidov]], [[Gʻafur Gʻulom]], [[Mirtemir]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailyo.in/lifestyle/lord-ram-ramayana-hindu-mythology-tulsidas-valmiki-2910|title=Why Lord Ram is the most misunderstood man in India|website=Dailyo}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Vietnam}}
|[[Nguyễn Du]], [[Nguyễn Đình Chiểu]], [[Hồ Xuân Hương]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goethe.de/ins/vn/en/ver.cfm?event_id=21884135|title=Discussion: Commemorating Nguyễn Du - Goethe-Institut Vietnam|website=@GI_weltweit}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vietnamnews.vn/life-style/1255111/unesco-celebration-held-for-200th-birthday-of-famed-vietnamese-poet.html|title=UNESCO celebration held for 200th birthday of famed Vietnamese poet|website=vietnamnews.vn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vietnamembassy-usa.org/vi/node/3314|title=SELECTED WORKS OF HỒ XUÂN HƯƠNG READ AT LIBRARY OF CONGRESS |website=Đại sứ quán Việt Nam tại Hoa Kỳ}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Yemen}}
|[[Abdullah Al-Baradouni]], [[Waddah al-Yaman]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://al-bab.com/albab-orig/albab/bys/articles/waddah96.htm|title=British-Yemeni Society: Waddah al-Yaman: national poet, by Abdulla al-Udhari|website=al-bab.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2020/6/28/poet-threa-almontasers-love-letter-to-yemen|title=Poet Threa Almontaser's 'love letter to Yemen'|first=Abubakr|last=Al-Shamahi|website=Al Jazeera}}</ref>
|}

==Europe==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Country (or&nbsp;region)
!Poet
!{{Refh}}
|-
|{{flag|Albania}}
| [[Gjergj Fishta]], [[Naim Frashëri]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.albanianliterature.net/authors/classical/fishta/index.html|title=Gjergj FISHTA|website=Albanian Literature}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.albanianliterature.net/authors/classical/frasheri/index.html|title=Naim FRASHËRI|website=Albanian Literature}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Abkhazia}}
| [[Dmitry Gulia]]
|<ref>{{cite web|title=The pioneer in everything and the patriarch of Abkhaz literature: about Dmitry Gulia|url=https://abaza.org/en/the-pioneer-in-everything-and-the-patriarch-of-abkhaz-literature-about-dmitry-gulia|website=[[World Abaza Congress]]}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Armenia}}
|[[Hovhannes Tumanyan]], [[Sayat-Nova]], [[Yeghishe Charents]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.port-magazine.com/film/the-colour-of-pomegranates/|title=The Colour Of Pomegranates|date=6 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://asbarez.com/first-english-collection-of-studies-on-yeghishe-charents/|title=First English Collection of Studies on Yeghishe Charents – Asbarez.com|date=5 March 2004 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allpoetry.com/Hovhannes-Toumanian|title=Hovhannes Toumanian - Poems by the Famous Poet - All Poetry|website=allpoetry.com}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Austria}}
| [[Franz Grillparzer]], [[Johann Nepomuk Nestroy]], [[Georg Trakl]], [[Rainer Maria Rilke]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allpoetry.com/Franz-Grillparzer|title=Franz Grillparzer - Poems by the Famous Poet - All Poetry|website=allpoetry.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Yates |first1=W. E. |title=Review of Grillparzers Welttheater: Modernität und Tradition |journal=Austrian Studies |date=2014 |volume=22 |pages=215–217 |doi=10.5699/austrianstudies.22.2014.0215 |jstor=10.5699/austrianstudies.22.2014.0215 }}</ref><ref>''Austria today''.&nbsp;(1984:7).&nbsp;Austria:&nbsp;Austria Today Limited.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}
|[[Nizami Ganjavi]], [[Fuzûlî]], [[Imadaddin Nasimi]], [[Samad Vurgun]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://regionplus.az/en/articles/view/7386|title="MANUSCRIPTS DO NOT BURN"|website=Region Plus}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.azernews.az/culture/148305.html|title=Exhibition dedicated to Nasimi opens in capital|date=4 April 2019|website=Azernews.Az}}</ref><ref>Samad Vurgun</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Bashkortostan}}
| [[Rami Garipov]], [[Mustai Karim]]
|<ref>{{cite web|title=A unique website of the national poet Rami Garipov was created in Bashkortostan|url=https://kulturarb.ru/en/news/a-unique-website-of-the-national-poet-rami-garipov-was-created-in-bashkortostan|website=The Cultural World of Bashkortostan}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Карим Мустай|url=https://kulturarb.ru/en/persony/karim-mustaj|website=The Cultural World of Bashkortostan}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mustay KARIM about Tukay…|url=http://gabdullatukay.ru/eng/about-tukay/mustay-karim-about-tukay/|website=Gabdulla Tukay}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Basque Country}}
|[[Bernard Etxepare]]
|<ref>{{Cite book |last=Toledo Lezeta |first=Ana María |title="Linguae Vasconum Primitiae, bi partetan banaturik" |date=2008 |publisher=Jean Haritschelhar-i omenaldia |pages=625–644}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Belarus}}
| [[Yanka Kupala]], [[Yakub Kolas]]
|<ref>Martin,&nbsp;T.&nbsp;D.&nbsp;(2001:436).&nbsp;''The Affirmative Action Empire: Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923-1939''.&nbsp;United Kingdom:&nbsp;Cornell University Press.</ref><ref>''Tourist Mosaic of Belarus''.&nbsp;(2017:480).&nbsp;Russia:&nbsp;ЛитРес.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Belgium}}
| [[Emile Verhaeren]], [[Maurice Maeterlinck]]
|<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-low-countries.com/article/%C3%A9mile-verhaeren.-the-only-national-poet-belgium-has-ever-had-1|title=Émile Verhaeren. The Only National Poet Belgium Has Ever Had|website=the low countries}}</ref><ref>''Cultures in Flux: Lower-Class Values, Practices, and Resistance in Late Imperial Russia''.&nbsp;(1994:140).&nbsp;Ukraine:&nbsp;Princeton University Press.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Catalonia}}
| [[Ausiàs March]], [[Jacint Verdaguer]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.visat.cat/traduccions-literatura-catalana/cat/autor/8/ausias-march.html|title=Ausiàs March|website=Visat}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/40424388|title=Jacint Verdaguer, national poet of Catalonia}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Chechnya}}
| [[Ismail Kerimov]]
|<ref>{{cite web|title=The Deportation by Ismail Kerimov|url=https://www.waynakh.com/eng/2009/05/the-deportation-by-ismail-kerimov/|website=Waynakh Online}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
|[[Abdulah Sidran]], [[Mak Dizdar]], [[Izet Sarajlić]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/arts-culture/2019/02/21/homage-to-bosnian-national-poet|title=Homage to Bosnian national poet|date=21 February 2019|website=Daily Sabah}}</ref><ref>Mahmutćehajić,&nbsp;R.&nbsp;(2015).&nbsp;''The Praised and the Virgin''.&nbsp;Netherlands:&nbsp;Brill.</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Brittany}}
|[[Théodore Claude Henri, vicomte Hersart de la Villemarqué]]
|<ref>{{Cite book |author1=Paul Brennan |author2=Michael O'Dea|title=Entrelacs franco-irlandais, langue, mémoire, imaginaire |date=2004 |publisher=Presses universitaires de Caen |pages=81}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Bulgaria}}
| [[Hristo Botev]], [[Ivan Vazov]]
|<ref>[http://www.bnr.bg/RadioBulgaria/Emission_English/Theme_History_And_Religion/Material/botevnov.htm Hristo Botev’s birth anniversary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927235244/http://www.bnr.bg/RadioBulgaria/Emission_English/Theme_History_And_Religion/Material/botevnov.htm |date=2007-09-27 }}, Radio Bulgaria History and Religion, posted January 6, 2007, updated on January 12, 2007, accessed 9 March 2007</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Grogan |first1=Ellinor |title=Ivan Vazov |journal=The Slavonic Review |date=1922 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=225–227 |jstor=4201601 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Carpathian Ruthenia}}
| [[Alexander Dukhnovych]]
|<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4212145 | jstor=4212145 | last1=Rusinko | first1=Elaine | title=Between Russia and Hungary: Foundations of Literature and National Identity in Subcarpathian Rus' | journal=The Slavonic and East European Review | date=10 May 1996 | volume=74 | issue=3 | pages=421–444 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Croatia}}
| [[Marko Marulić]], [[Ivan Gundulić]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cityseeker.com/split/653273-marko-maruli%C4%87-statue|title=Marko Marulić Statue, Split|website=cityseeker}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Cyprus}}
| [[Vasilis Michaelides]]
|<ref>Ioannides,&nbsp;C.&nbsp;P.&nbsp;(2018:12).&nbsp;''Cyprus Under British Colonial Rule: Culture, Politics, and the Movement Toward Union with Greece, 1878–1954''.&nbsp;United States:&nbsp;Lexington Books.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Czech Republic}} ([[Czech lands]])
| [[Karel Hynek Mácha]], [[Jan Neruda]]
|<ref name="auto">{{cite book |doi=10.1163/9789004335400 |title=National Poets, Cultural Saints: Canonization and Commemorative Cults of Writers in Europe |date=2017 |last1=Dović |first1=Marijan |last2=Helgason |first2=Jón Karl |isbn=978-90-04-33539-4 |page=63 }}</ref><ref>Salcman,&nbsp;M.&nbsp;(2016:90).&nbsp;''A Prague Spring, Before & After''.&nbsp;United States:&nbsp;Evening Street Press.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Dagestan}}
| [[Rasul Gamzatov]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.slavfond.eu/1616-september-8-marks-the-100th-anniversary-of-the-birth-of-the-peoples-poet-of-dagestan-rasul-gamzatov.html|title=September 8 marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of the people's poet of Dagestan Rasul Gamzatov|website=slavfond.eu}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Denmark}}
| [[Adam Oehlenschläger]], [[Hans Christian Andersen]], [[Søren Kierkegaard]], [[N. F. S. Grundtvig]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adam-Gottlob-Oehlenschlager|title=Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger: Danish Poet, Playwright & Novelist|date=16 January 2024|website=Britannica}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pookpress.co.uk/project/hans-christian-andersen-biography/|title=Hans Christian Andersen: His Life and Works}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/benign-structures-the-worldview-of-danish-national-poet-pastor-an|title=Benign Structures: 7th Conference Digital Humanities in the Nordic and Baltic Countries|first1=Katrine Frøkjær|last1=Baunvig|first2=Kristoffer Laigaard|last2=Nielbo|editor-first1=Sofie|editor-last1=Gilbert|editor-first2=Annika|editor-last2=Rockenberger|date=12 March 2023|journal=Book of Abstracts|pages=9–11|via=Aarhus University}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Faroe Islands}}
| [[William Heinesen]], [[Nólsoyar Páll]], [[Mikkjal á Ryggi]]
|<ref>Cadence.&nbsp;(1984:60).&nbsp;United States:&nbsp;B. Rusch.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dović |first1=Marijan |title=National Poets and Romantic (Be)Longing: An Introduction |journal=Arcadia |date=24 May 2017 |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=1–9 |doi=10.1515/arcadia-2017-0001 |s2cid=193047993 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://catchynomads.com/wandering-the-faroe-islands/|title=Wandering The Faroe Islands|date=14 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|England}}
| [[Geoffrey Chaucer]], [[William Shakespeare]], [[William Blake]], [[William Wordsworth]], [[Thomas Hardy]], [[W. H. Auden]], [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]], [[Philip Larkin]]
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dltk-kids.com/poems/shakespeare/index.htm | title=Poetry by William Shakespeare }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reflections.live/articles/3376/in-an-honor-to-the-father-of-english-poetry-geoffrey-chaucer-4520-l1vzvsv5.html|title=In An Honor To 'The Father of English Poetry' - Geoffrey Chaucer|first=KOMAL|last=SHARMA|website=reflections.live}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=The Making of the National Poet - Shakespeare, Adaptation and Authorship, 1660-1769 |author=Michael Dobson |publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn=978-0-19-818323-5 |date=17 November 1994}}</ref><ref>Lachman,&nbsp;G.&nbsp;(2013).&nbsp;''The Caretakers of the Cosmos: Living Responsibly in an Unfinished World''.&nbsp;United Kingdom:&nbsp;Floris Books.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.digitens.org/en/notices/william-wordsworth-worldly-recluse.html|title=William Wordsworth, the worldly recluse|website= Digitens}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://socialistworker.co.uk/socialist-review-archive/philip-larkin-racist-bigot-and-poet/|title=Philip Larkin, racist, bigot and poet|website=Socialist Worker}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Estonia}}
| [[Kristjan Jaak Peterson]], [[Lydia Koidula]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sisu.ut.ee/ewod/k/koidula|title=Lydia Koidula|first=Sven|last=Vabar|website=Sisu}}</ref><ref>''Weissmann Travel Planner for Western and Eastern Europe''.&nbsp;(1994:59).&nbsp;United States:&nbsp;Weissmann Travel Reports.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Finland}}
| [[Eino Leino]], [[Elias Lönnrot]], [[Johan Ludvig Runeberg]], [[Edith Södergran]]
|<ref>{{Citation |title=Kansallisrunoilija pelkäsi kansaa |url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-9573989 |work=Yleisradio|year=2017 |publication-place=Helsinki |language=Finnish |access-date=2021-02-07}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=kansallisrunoilija |url=https://www.kielitoimistonsanakirja.fi/kansallisrunoilija |work=Kielitoimiston sanakirja |year=2020 |publication-place=Helsinki |publisher=Kotimaisten kielten keskus |language=Finnish |access-date=2021-02-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/literature-and-arts/scholars-antiquarians-and-orientalists-biographies/elias-lonnrot|title=Elias Lonnrot |website= Encyclopedia.com}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Flanders}}
|[[Émile Verhaeren]], [[Hendrik Conscience]], [[Guido Gezelle]], [[Hugo Claus]]
|<ref name="auto2"/>
|-
|{{flag|Friesland}}
| [[Gysbert Japiks|Gysbert Japicx]] (or Japiks)
|<ref>''Linguist''.&nbsp;(1962).&nbsp;United Kingdom:&nbsp;Linguists' Club..</ref>
|-
|{{flag|France}}
|[[Charles Baudelaire]], [[Victor Hugo]], [[Arthur Rimbaud]] 
|<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Simpson |first1=Harold L. |title=The Poetic Image of the Soldier from Baudelaire to the First World War |journal=The South Central Bulletin |date=1967 |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=23–33 |doi=10.2307/3188918 |jstor=3188918 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Victor-Hugo/Last-years-1870-85|title=Victor Hugo - French Poet, Novelist, Playwright|website= Britannica |date=18 May 2024 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Galicia}}
|[[Rosalía de Castro]], [[Ramón Cabanillas]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/spain/padron/attractions/casa-museo-rosalia-de-castro/a/poi-sig/1534131/1315865|title=Casa-Museo Rosalía de Castro|website=Lonely Planet}}</ref><ref>''The Harp and the Constitution: Myths of Celtic and Gothic Origin''.&nbsp;(2015).&nbsp;Netherlands:&nbsp;Brill.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Georgia}}
| [[Shota Rustaveli]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.bl.uk/european/2021/11/two-new-fine-editions-of-georgias-national-poet.html|title=Two new fine editions of Georgia's national poet - European studies blog}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Germany}}
| [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]], [[Friedrich von Schiller]], [[Heinrich Heine]], [[Bertolt Brecht]], [[Friedrich Hölderlin]], [[Novalis]], [[Friedrich Nietzsche]], [[Hermann Hesse]], [[Stefan George]]
|<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Elliott |first1=Mark |title=Beyond Left and Right: The Poetic Reception of Stefan George and Rainer Maria Rilke, 1933-1945 |journal=The Modern Language Review |date=2003 |volume=98 |issue=4 |pages=908–928 |doi=10.2307/3737933 |jstor=3737933 |s2cid=161795959 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.bl.uk/european/2015/08/poet-in-a-landscape.html|title=Poet in a landscape: the drawings of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|website=blogs.bl.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1163/9789401202978 |title=Schiller: National Poet – Poet of Nations |date=2006 |last1=Martin |first1=Nicholas |isbn=978-94-012-0297-8 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/site/germanliterature/19th-century/heine|title=German Literature - Heine|website=sites.google.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Karamercan |first1=Axel Onur |title=Heidegger on Hölderlin's Hymn Der Ister. The Dwelling of the Poet and the Place-Making of the River |journal=Synthesis Philosophica |date=29 December 2022 |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=395–414 |doi=10.21464/sp37207 }}</ref><ref>Decker,&nbsp;G.&nbsp;(2018:157).&nbsp;''Hesse: The Wanderer and His Shadow''.&nbsp;United States:&nbsp;Harvard University Press.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Greece}}
| [[Homer]], [[Sappho]], [[Pindar]], [[Solon]], [[Dionysios Solomos]]
|<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Homer}}</ref><ref>''Pindar: Victory Odes: Olympians 2, 7 and 11; Nemean 4; Isthmians 3, 4 and 7''.&nbsp;(1995:109).&nbsp;United Kingdom:&nbsp;Cambridge University Press.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://greekreporter.com/2025/02/09/dionysios-solomos-greek-poet/|title=Dionysios Solomos: The Greek Poet of Liberty|first=Tasos|last=Kokkinidis|date=9 February 2025}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Guernsey}}
| [[George Métivier]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://history.gg/guernsey-poet-george-metivier/|title=Guernsey poet George Métivier is born|date=29 January 1972}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Hungary}}
| [[Sándor Petőfi]], [[János Arany]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://studyinhungary.hu/blog/sandor-petofi-the-revolutionary-poet-was-born-200-years-ago|title=Sándor Petőfi, the revolutionary poet was born 200 years ago - Study In Hungary|website=Study in Hungary}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://mek.oszk.hu/02000/02042/html/27.html | title=János Arany }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Iceland}}
|  [[Jónas Hallgrímsson]], [[Hallgrímur Pétursson]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/Jonas/Biography/Biography.1.html|title=Biographical Sketch of Jónas Hallgrímsson (1)|website=digicoll.library.wisc.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sigurdurarni.is/2020/03/27/hymns-of-the-passion-the-suffering-king/|title=Hymns of the Passion – The Suffering King|first=Sigurður Árni|last=Þórðarson|date=27 March 2020}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Ireland}}
| [[Thomas Moore]], [[William Butler Yeats]], [[Seamus Heaney]], [[Patrick Pearse]] 
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/declan-kiberd-irish-writers-were-an-early-warning-system-about-abuse-1.3260748|title=Declan Kiberd: Irish writers were an early warning system about abuse|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5jdaa2urIpEC&q=%22national+poet%22&pg=PA55|title=Catholic Emancipations: Irish Fiction from Thomas Moore to James Joyce|first=Emer|last=Nolan|date=October 15, 2007|publisher=Syracuse University Press|isbn=9780815631750 |via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1017/CBO9781107045330 |title=Irish Poetry under the Union, 1801–1924 |date=2013 |last1=Campbell |first1=Matthew |isbn=978-1-107-04533-0 |page=142 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://independentleft.ie/seamus-heaney-political-poems/|title=Did Seamus Heaney write political poems?|first=Ciarán|last=O'Rourke|date=October 10, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u4KiEAAAQBAJ&q=%22National+poet%22%22+&pg=PT57|title=Seamus Heaney's American Odyssey|first=Edward J.|last=O’Shea|date=December 30, 2022|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9781000816648 |via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Patrick Pearse: Biography & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Patrick-Henry-Pearse |access-date=2024-03-24 |website= Britannica |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Isle of Man}}
| [[Thomas Edward Brown|T. E. Brown]]
|<ref>{{Cite web| title=The Manx National Poet | url=https://manxnationalheritage.im/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/info-sheet-TE-Brown.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529234855/https://manxnationalheritage.im/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/info-sheet-TE-Brown.pdf | archive-date=2023-05-29}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Italy}}
| [[Ovid]], [[Virgil]], [[Horace]], [[Dante Alighieri]], [[Francesco Petrarca]], [[Giosuè Carducci]], [[Giacomo Leopardi]], [[Ugo Foscolo]], [[Gabriele D'Annunzio]]
|<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Ovid}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thelocal.it/20210325/dante-day-how-italy-is-celebrating-its-national-poet|title=Dante Day: How Italy is celebrating its national poet|date=25 March 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Virgil|title=Virgil: Biography, Aeneid, & Facts|date=19 February 2024|website=Britannica}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mikebygrave.co.uk/classics/horace.html|title=Horac|website=mike bygrave}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft30000518&chunk.id=d0e2851&toc.id=&brand=ucpress|title=Orphans of Petrarch|website=publishing.cdlib.org}}</ref><ref>Hroch,&nbsp;M.&nbsp;(2015).&nbsp;''European Nations: Explaining Their Formation''.&nbsp;United Kingdom:&nbsp;Verso.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://villaruhland.com/gabriele-dannunzio/|work=Villa Ruhland |title=Gabriele D'Annunzio}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Jersey}}
| [[Wace]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.maisondenormandie.com/en/archives/news/symposium-wace-and-the-anglo-norman-language-le-style-de-wace-le-french-festival|title=SYMPOSIUM "WACE AND THE ANGLO-NORMAN LANGUAGE" (LE STYLE DE WACE): Le French Festival|website=Maison de la Normandie et de la Manche}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Kosovo}}
|  [[Ali Podrimja]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cna.al/english/aktualitet/80-vjetori-i-poetit-ali-podrimja-perparim-kabo-a-duhej-kaluar-ne-hesh-i325397|title=The 80th anniversary of the poet Ali Podrimja/Parparim Kabo: Should it be passed in silence? He belongs to the Albanian nation... - Aktualitet|date=30 August 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Latvia}}
| [[Rainis]], [[Andrejs Pumpurs]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kids.britannica.com/students/article/Rainis/334102|title=Rainis|website=Britannica Kids}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1163/9789004335400_004 |chapter=Commemorative Cults of Poets and Writers: A Historical Perspective |title=National Poets, Cultural Saints: Canonization and Commemorative Cults of Writers in Europe |date=2017 |last1=Dović |first1=Marijan |last2=Helgason |first2=Jón Karl |pages=35–70 |isbn=978-90-04-33539-4 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Lithuania}}
| [[Kristijonas Donelaitis]], [[Maironis]], [[Justinas Marcinkevičius]], [[Adam Mickiewicz|Adomas Mickevičius]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/cordon/menu/eng/donelait_about_en.html|title=CorDon - About Donelaitis|website=titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1163/9789004457713_016 |chapter=The Making of the Lithuanian National Poet: Maironis |title=Literary Canon Formation as Nation-Building in Central Europe and the Baltics |date=2021 |last1=KučInskienė |first1=Aistė |pages=256–272 |isbn=978-90-04-45771-3 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O192048/1941-1952-poster-zilys-arunas/|title=1941-1952|first=Arunas|last=Zilys|date=12 March 1989|via=Victoria & Albert Museum}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Luxembourg}}
| [[Dicks (writer)|Edmond de la Fontaine]], [[Michel Lentz]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://musicpublishers.lu/dicks-edmond-de-la-fontaine-1823-1891/|title=Dicks (Edmond de la Fontaine) (1823-1891) – Luxembourg Music Publishers}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://today.rtl.lu/luxembourg-insider/knowledge-bites/a/1765036.html|title=Knowledge Bites: Michel Lentz - Luxembourg's 'National Poet'|website=today.rtl.lu}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Malta}}
| [[Dun Karm Psaila]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/biography-dun-karm-psaila.1057851|title=Biography: (Dun) Karm Psaila|date=18 October 2023|website=Times of Malta}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Moldova}}
| [[Grigore Vieru]], [[Mihai Eminescu]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://emoldovata.gov.md/en/news/diaspora-commemorated-the-poet-grigore-vieru|title=Diaspora commemorated the poet Grigore Vieru|website=e Moldova ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moldpres.md/en/news/2017/01/15/17000309|title=Great national poet celebrated in Moldova at 167 years from birth|website=Moldpres}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Monaco}}
| [[Louis Notari]]
|<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MieDAAAAMAAJ |title=Canadian Review of Studies in Nationalism |date=1991 |publisher=University of Prince Edward Island. |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Montenegro}}
| [[Petar II Petrović-Njegoš]]
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
| [[Joost van den Vondel]], [[Jacob Cats]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/literature-and-arts/miscellaneous-european-literature-biographies/joost-van-den-vondel|title=Joost Van Den Vondel|website=Drouot.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://drouot.com/en/l/15075048--cats-jacob-alle-de-wercken-am|title=CATS, Jacob Alle de wercken. Amsterdam J.J. Schipper 166…|website=Drouot}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|North Macedonia}}
| [[Kočo Racin]] 
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://makedonija.name/culture/kosta-solev-racin|title=Kosta Solev - Racin (1908-1943)|website=makedonija.name}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|North Ossetia-Alania}}
| [[Kosta Khetagurov]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kosta-Khetagurov|title=Kosta Khetagurov: Ossete poet|website=Britannica}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Northern Cyprus}}
| [[Özker Yaşın]]
|<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stjelja |first=Ana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wiqkEAAAQBAJ |title=Modern Talks on Poetry |date=2022-12-27 |publisher=Ukiyoto Publishing |isbn=978-93-5770-311-6 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Norway}}
|[[Henrik Wergeland]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803121746241|title=Henrik Arnold Wergeland|website=Oxford Reference}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Occitania}}
|[[Frédéric Mistral]], [[Arnaut Daniel]], [[Bernart de Ventadorn]], [[Comtessa de Dia]] 
|<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/30665955|title=Frédéric Mistral – poet and folk historian of Provence|first=Gwyn|last=Griffiths|work=Academia.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Biographie d'ARNAUD ou ARNAUT DANIEL |url=https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/arnaud-arnaut-daniel/ |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=Encyclopædia Universalis |date=19 January 1999 |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ippolito |first=Marguerite-Marie |title=Troubadour Limousin du XIIème siècle, prince de l'amour et de la poésie romane |date=2003-01-11 |publisher=Editions L'Harmattan |isbn=9782747500173}}</ref><ref name="auto4">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-18 |title=Épisode 8 : Béatrice de Die, la vengeresse |url=https://www.radiofrance.fr/francemusique/podcasts/musique-nom-feminin/episode-8-beatrice-de-die-la-vengeresse-8914812 |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=France Musique |language=fr}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Poland}}
|  [[Adam Mickiewicz]], [[Juliusz Słowacki]], [[Zygmunt Krasiński]]
|<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Giergielewicz |first1=Mieczysław |title=KRASIŃSKI IN THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING WORLD (A Bibliographical Review) |journal=The Polish Review |date=1960 |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=68–102 |jstor=25776332 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Portugal}}
| [[Luís de Camões]], [[Fernando Pessoa]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Luis-de-Camoes|title=Luis de Camoes: Biography & Facts |date=20 February 2024|website=Britannica}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/pessoa-fernando-1888-1935|title=Pessoa, Fernando (1888–1935) |website=Encyclopedia.com}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Provence}}       
|[[Frédéric Mistral]], [[Comtessa de Dia]]
|<ref name="auto1"/><ref name="auto4"/>
|-
|{{flag|Romania}}
| [[Mihai Eminescu]]
|<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Neghina |first1=Raul |last2=Neghina |first2=Adriana M |title=Medical Controversies and Dilemmas in Discussions about the Illness and Death of Mihai Eminescu (1850–1889), Romania's National Poet |journal=Medical Problems of Performing Artists |date=March 2011 |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=44–50 |doi=10.21091/mppa.2011.1007 |pmid=21442137 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Russia}}
| [[Alexander Pushkin]], [[Anna Akhmatova]], [[Boris Pasternak]], [[Sergei Yesenin]], [[Ivan Turgenev]], [[Ivan Bunin]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rees.sas.upenn.edu/about/spotlight/alexander-pushkin|title=Alexander Pushkin|date=12 September 2017|website=Russian and East European Studies}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=McVay |first1=Gordon |title=Yesenin's Posthumous Fame, and the Fate of His Friends |journal=The Modern Language Review |date=1972 |volume=67 |issue=3 |pages=590–602 |doi=10.2307/3726127 |jstor=3726127 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Porter |first1=Richard N. |title=The Criteria of Turgenev's Literary Criticism |journal=The Russian Review |date=1969 |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=441–452 |doi=10.2307/127163 |jstor=127163 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Sápmi}}
| [[Anders Fjellner]]
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://saamihistoryblog.wordpress.com/category/3-saami-origin/ | title=3 – Saami Origin | date=3 February 2017 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Scotland}}
| [[Robert Burns]], [[Hugh MacDiarmid]]
|<ref>MacDiarmid,&nbsp;H.,&nbsp;MacGill-Eain,&nbsp;S.&nbsp;(2010:44).&nbsp;''The Correspondence Between Hugh MacDiarmid and Sorley MacLean: An Annotated Edition''.&nbsp;United Kingdom:&nbsp;Edinburgh University Press.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/robert-burns|title=Robert Burns|date=11 March 2024|website=Poetry Foundation}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Serbia}}
| [[Desanka Maksimović]], [[Petar II Petrović-Njegoš]],  [[Jovan Sterija Popović]], [[Jovan Jovanović Zmaj]]
|<ref>{{cite book|first1=Balazs |last1=Trencsenyi |first2=Michal |last2=Kopecek|title=National Romanticism: The Formation of National Movements|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TpPWvubBL0MC&pg=PA431|date=1 November 2006|publisher=Central European University Press|isbn=978-963-7326-60-8|page=431|quote=Characteristically, although Njegoš saw himself as a definitely Serbian poet, his epic came to be later canonized as the most important work of 'Yugoslav' literature [...] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/when-nazis-killed-100-serbs-per-dead-german-in-yugoslavia/a-59568136|title=Nazis killed 100 Serbs per dead German – DW – 10/21/2021|website=dw.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Berend |first=Ivan T. |date=June 2003 |chapter=Romanticism and Nationalism in Central and Eastern Europe |title=History Derailed: Central and Eastern Europe in the Long Nineteenth Century |pages=41–88 |url=https://academic.oup.com/california-scholarship-online/book/22816/chapter-abstract/183277906?redirectedFrom=fulltext |doi=10.1525/california/9780520232990.003.0003 |isbn= 9780520932098}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.openedition.org/ceup/2077|title=We, the People : Politics of National Peculiarity in Southeastern Europe|first=Bojan|last=Aleksov|chapter=Jovan Jovanović Zmaj and the Serbian Identity between Poetry and History |series=CEUP collection |date=12 March 2009|publisher=Central European University Press|pages=273–305|isbn=978-615-5211-66-9 |via=OpenEdition Books}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Slovakia}}
| [[Pavol Országh Hviezdoslav]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asymptotejournal.com/blog/writer/pavol-orszagh-hviezdoslav/|title=Pavol Országh-Hviezdoslav – Writer(s) – Asymptote Blog}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Slovenia}}
| [[France Prešeren]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/France-Preseren|title=France Prešeren: Slovenia's National Poet|date=4 February 2024|website= Britannica}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Spain}}
| [[Miguel de Cervantes]], [[Lope de Vega]], [[Federico García Lorca]]
|<ref name="Esterhammer"/><ref>''Commemorating Writers in Nineteenth-Century Europe: Nation-Building and Centenary Fever''.&nbsp;(2014).&nbsp;United Kingdom:&nbsp;Palgrave Macmillan.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Styria}}
| [[Peter Rosegger]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/47533/47533-h/47533-h.htm|title=The Forest Farm, by Peter Roseggerl|website= Project Gutenberg}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Sweden}}
| [[Carl Michael Bellman]], [[Gustaf Fröding]], [[Verner von Heidenstam]], [[Esaias Tegnér]] 
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.angloswedishsociety.org.uk/carl-michael-bellman/|title=Carl Michael Bellman|website=Anglo-Swedish Society |date=28 June 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.angloswedishsociety.org.uk/an-evening-with-gustaf-froding/|title=An Evening with Gustaf Fröding|website=Anglo-Swedish Society|date=26 February 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://luckerstad.se/en/our-rooms/verner-von-heidenstam-36493964 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518184520/http://luckerstad.se/en/our-rooms/verner-von-heidenstam-36493964 |archive-date=18 May 2022 |title=Verner von Heidenstam room |access-date=12 March 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ernie.uva.nl/viewer.p/21/56/object/131-159107|title=Encyclopedia of Romantic Nationalism in Europe|work=Tegnér, Esaias|website=Encyclopedia of Romantic Nationalism in Europe}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Switzerland}}
| [[Gottfried Keller]], [[Carl Spitteler]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hotelfelix.ch/konzeption-und-kunst/Beltracchi.ch/home-en.html|title=Hotel Felix Zürich – Wolfgang Beltracchi|website=Hotel Felix Zürich – Wolfgang Beltracchi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/literature-and-arts/miscellaneous-european-literature-biographies/carl-friedrich-georg-spitteler|title=Carl Friedrich Georg Spitteler|website= Encyclopedia.com}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Tatarstan}}
| [[Ğabdulla Tuqay]], [[Musa Cälil]], [[Ravil Fayzullin]], {{Ill|Fänis Yarullin|tt|Фәнис Яруллин}}
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Tatar Leaders and Icons: The Top 10 Notable Personalities|url=https://www.ulastempat.com/international/tatar-leaders-and-icons-the-top-10-notable-personalities/|website=Ulastempat International|date=23 January 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Museum of national poet Ravil Fayzullin opens in Tatarstan|url=https://tatar-congress.org/en/news/museum-of-national-poet-ravil-fayzullin-opens-in-tatarstan/|website=[[World Congress of the Tatars]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Museum of poet Yarullin Fanis, Russia |url=https://partify.io/the-museum-of-poet-yarullin-fanis|website=[[pArtify]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Icon "Monument to Musa Jalil"|url=https://www.prlib.ru/en/node/333907}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Turkey}}
| [[Mehmet Akif Ersoy]], [[Nâzım Hikmet]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/todays-headlines/mehmet-akif-ersoy-poet-of-turkish-national-anthem/1350125|title=Mehmet Akif Ersoy: Poet of Turkish national anthem|website=Anadolu Ajansi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/culture-magazines/human-landscapes-my-country|title=Human Landscapes from My Country|website=Encyclopedia.com}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Ukraine}}
| [[Lesya Ukrainka]], [[Taras Shevchenko]], [[Ivan Franko]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://shevchenko.ca/taras-shevchenko/article.cfm?article=1|title=Articles & Essays|website= Taras Shevchenko Museum - Toronto}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sculpturecenter.org/oosi/items/show/1044|title=Ivan Franko|website=Ohio Outdoor Sculpture}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://culture.pl/en/article/ukrainian-money-polish-literature-who-was-lesya-ukrainka|title=Ukrainian Money & Polish Literature: Who Was Lesya Ukrainka?|website=Culture.pl}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Wales}}
| [[Dylan Thomas]], [[Dafydd ap Gwilym]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lithub.com/the-canonization-of-dylan-thomas/|title=The Canonization of Dylan Thomas|first=Bernard|last=Schwartz|date=15 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1sv8mgEACAAJ|title=Dafydd ap Gwilym: y gŵr sydd yn ei gerddi|first=Gwyn|last=Thomas|date=12 March 2013|publisher=Cyhoeddiadau Barddas|isbn=978-1-906396-57-2 |via=Google Books}}</ref>
|}

== North America ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Country or Territory
!Poets
!{{Refh}}
|-
|{{flag|Barbados}}
|[[Kamau Brathwaite]]
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wasafiri.org/article/a-towering-figure-tribute-to-kamau-brathwaite-1930-2020/|title='A Towering Figure': Tribute to Kamau Brathwaite (1930-2020)|newspaper=Wasafiri Magazine }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Canada}}
| [[Margaret Atwood]], [[E. Pauline Johnson]], [[E. J. Pratt]], [[Al Purdy]], [[Milton Acorn]] 
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://omeka.vicu.utoronto.ca/dominion/2|title=E.J. Pratt: Canada's National Poet · Dominion of the North: Literary & Print Culture in Canada|website=omeka.vicu.utoronto.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abcbookworld.com/writer/purdy-al/|title=Purdy, Al|website=ABC BookWorld}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://canpoetry.library.utoronto.ca/acorn/index.htm|title=Milton Acorn|website=Canadian Poetry Online}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Costa Rica}}
|[[Aquileo J. Echeverría]], [[Jorge Debravo]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecostaricanews.com/meritorious-of-the-letters-patrias-aquileo-j-echeverria-zeledon/|title=Renowned Tico Writer Aquileo J. Echeverría Zeledón|work=TCRN|date=22 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ticotimes.net/2012/04/25/u-s-woman-to-translate-and-publish-costa-rica-poetry|title=U.S. woman to translate and publish Costa Rica poetry|date=26 April 2012}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Cuba}}
|[[José Martí]], [[Lezama Lima]], [[Agustín Acosta (poet)|Agustín Acosta]] (1955),  [[Nicolás Guillén]] (1961), [[Nancy Morejón]] (2018)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jose-Lezama-Lima|title=José Lezama Lima: Cuban author|website=Britannica|date=21 March 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Agustín Acosta papers, 1908-1998 |url=https://researchworks.oclc.org/archivegrid/collection/data/1041153754 |access-date=2024-09-18 |website=researchworks.oclc.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/nicolas-guillen|title=Nicolás Guillén|date=December 25, 2020|website=Poetry Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Méndez-Méndez |first1=Serafín |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wubEEAAAQBAJ |title=Notable Caribbeans and Caribbean Americans: A Biographical Dictionary |last2=Cueto |first2=Gail |date=2003-07-30 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-0-313-09320-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Carrillo |first=Karen Juanita |date=2024-05-16 |title=Cuban poet and critic Nancy Morejón visits New York City |url=https://amsterdamnews.com/news/2024/05/16/cuban-poet-and-critic-nancy-morejon-visits-new-york-city/ |access-date=2024-09-05 |website=New York Amsterdam News |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|''{{flag|Curaçao}}''
|[[Pierre Lauffer]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/amsterdam-streets-named-after-camille-baly-enslaved-quashiba/|title=Amsterdam streets named after Camille Baly, enslaved Quashiba|date=3 August 2019|website=The Daily Herald}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Dominican Republic}}
|[[Pedro Mir]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.southcoasttoday.com/story/news/nation-world/2000/07/12/pedro-mir-poetic-voice-dominican/50477917007/|title=Pedro Mir, poetic voice of Dominican Republic|website=New Bedford Standard-Times}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|El Salvador}}
|[[Roque Dalton]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://revista.drclas.harvard.edu/roque-dalton/|title=Roque Dalton|first=James|last=Iffland|website=ReVista}}</ref>
|-
|''{{flag|Greenland}}''
|[[Henning Jakob Henrik Lund]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indigenousamericacalendar.org/2020/09/29/september-29-1875/|title=September 29, 1875|date=29 September 2020}}</ref>
|-
|''{{flag|Guadeloupe}}''
|[[Guy Tirolien]]
|<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=COFrAAAAMAAJ |title=Expression magazine |date=1988 |language=fr}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Guatemala}}
|[[Rafael Landívar]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gpsmycity.com/attractions/rafael-landival-monument-34352.html|title=Rafael Landival Monument in Antigua, Guatemala|website=GPSmyCity}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Haiti}}
|[[Oswald Durand]] 
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ncis.academia.edu/AmyLynelle|title=Amy Lynelle|website=National Coalition of Independent Scholars}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Honduras}}
|[[Roberto Sosa (poet)|Roberto Sosa]] 
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thelatinoauthor.com/countries/poetry/honduran-poets-2/|title=Honduran poets|work=The Latino Author}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Jamaica}}
|[[Claude McKay]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.brinkerhoffpoetry.org/poets/claude-mckay|title=Claude McKay|website=Brinkerhoff Poetry}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Martinique}}
|[[Aimé Césaire]]
|<ref>Bate,&nbsp;J.&nbsp;(2013).&nbsp;The Genius of Shakespeare.&nbsp;United Kingdom:&nbsp;Pan Macmillan.</ref><ref>{{Cite web | title=My Scottish Travelogue |work=British Council | url=https://caribbean.britishcouncil.org/programmes/arts/momentum/johana-auguiac/scottish-travelogue | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171101234634/https://caribbean.britishcouncil.org/programmes/arts/momentum/johana-auguiac/scottish-travelogue | access-date=2025-05-13 | archive-date=2017-11-01}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Mexico}}
|[[Octavio Paz]], [[Ramón López Velarde]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mexicocity.cdmx.gob.mx/venues/poeta-ramon-lopez-velarde-house-museum/|title=Casa del Poeta Ramon López Velarde: A Poet's House in Roma Norte|work=Agencia Digital de Innovación Pública}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Nicaragua}}
|[[Rubén Darío]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Neville |first=Tim |date=2017-11-27 |title=The Inescapable Poet of Nicaragua |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/27/travel/nicaragua-dario-poet.html |access-date=2024-02-13 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Panama}}
|[[Ricardo Miró]]
|<ref name= bio>{{cite book |first= Mike |last= Daniel Balderston |title= Encyclopedia of Latin American and Caribbean Literature, 1900-2003 |publisher= Routledge |year= 2004 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=gamNThQUZvEC&q=ricardo+mir%C3%B3+poet&pg=PA356 |isbn= 0-415-30687-6 |page= 666}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hackwriters.com/DrBuitrago.htm|title=hackwriters.com - Ruben Dario, Nicaragua's poet of vision, the cultural invasion of Central America and remains of a Central American dreams of renewal, Roger Smith explores Leon|website=Hack Writers}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Puerto Rico}}
|[[Julia de Burgos]], [[Giannina Braschi]], [[Juan Antonio Corretjer]], [[Lola Rodríguez de Tió]], [[Nimia Vicéns]]
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/02/obituaries/overlooked-julia-de-burgos.html|title=Overlooked No More: Julia de Burgos, a Poet Who Helped Shape Puerto Rico's Identity (Published 2018)|work=The New York Times |date=May 3, 2018|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news|last=Tió|first=Elsa|date=2020-08-12|title=Nimia Vicéns: Corazón de la patria con semillas silvestres en sus versos|language=es|trans-title=Nimia Vicéns: Heart of the country with wild seeds in her verses|work=El Adoquín Times|url=https://eladoquintimes.com/2020/08/12/nimia-vicens-corazon-de-la-patria-con-semillas-silvestres-en-sus-versos/|access-date=2021-10-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204025120/https://eladoquintimes.com/2020/08/12/nimia-vicens-corazon-de-la-patria-con-semillas-silvestres-en-sus-versos/|archive-date=2021-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Rojas|first=Enrique|date=2015-02-02|title=Cuba y Puerto Rico tienen la presión|language=es|trans-title=Cuba and Puerto Rico Have the Pressure|work=[[ESPN Deportes.com]]|url=https://espndeportes.espn.com/blogs/index?entryID=2289780&name=enrique_rojas&redirected=true|access-date=2021-10-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009002219/https://espndeportes.espn.com/blogs/index?entryID=2289780&name=enrique_rojas&redirected=true|archive-date=2021-10-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=García|first=Marta Yazmín|date=2008-11-07|title=Alabanza al poeta nacional|trans-title=Praise to the national poet|url=https://www.uprm.edu/news/articles/as2008168.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910084201/https://www.uprm.edu/news/articles/as2008168.html|archive-date=2015-09-10|access-date=2021-10-08|website=[[University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez]]|language=es}}</ref><ref>Poets, Philosophers, Lovers: On the Writings of Giannina Braschi. Pittsburgh, 2020. {{ISBN|9780822946182}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Quebec}}
|[[Émile Nelligan]], [[Gaston Miron]], [[Gilles Vigneault]], [[Octave Crémazie]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biographie / Hommage à Émile Nelligan, poète national des Québécois |url=https://manuscritdepot.com/a.emile-nelligan.01.htm |access-date=26 June 2024 |website=Fondation littéraire Fleur de Lys}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1978-04-02 |title=Gaston Miron, Poetic Voice of Quebec Nationalism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1978/04/02/archives/gaston-miron-poetic-voice-of-quebec-nationalism-key-word-is-quebec.html |access-date=2024-02-13 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sabourin |first=Éric |date=18 October 2018 |title=Gilles Vigneault en récital : le poète qui dansait chante encore et conseille son public de vivre d'une confiante sérénité |url=https://lesartsze.com/gilles-vigneault-en-recital-le-poete-qui-dansait-chante-encore-et-conseille-son-public-de-vivre-dune-confiante-serenite/ |access-date=26 June 2024 |work=Les ArtsZé |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Crémazie, Octave National Historic Person |url=https://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_nhs_eng.aspx?id=1352 |website=PC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://artpublicmontreal.ca/en/oeuvre/monument-a-louis-octave-cremazie/|title=Monument à Louis-Octave Crémazie|website=Art Public Montréal}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Saint Lucia}}
|[[Derek Walcott]]
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/23/books/review/the-poetry-of-derek-walcott-1948-2013.html|title=Poet of the Caribbean (Published 2014)|first=Teju|last=Cole|work=The New York Times |date=February 21, 2014|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref>
|-
|''{{flag|Sint Maarten}}''
|[[Lasana M. Sekou]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/art-leisure/20181230/lasana-m-sekou-paths-love-labour-liberation|title=Lasana M. Sekou - Paths of Love, Labour, Liberation|date=30 December 2018|website=jamaica-gleaner.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sxm-talks.com/the-daily-herald/national-poet-of-st-maarten-honoured-with-anniversary-show-the-daily-herald/|title='National poet' of St. Maarten honoured with anniversary show |publisher=The Daily Herald |website=SXM Talks|date=3 December 2018}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}
|[[E. M. Roach]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramcharitar |first=Raymond |title=Poetry and nationalism |url=https://www.guardian.co.tt/article-6.2.430584.855921dec0 |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=The Guardian: Trinidad and Tobago |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|United States}}
|[[Walt Whitman]], [[Emily Dickinson]], [[Robert Frost]], [[William Carlos Williams]], [[Ralph Waldo Emerson]], [[Carl Sandburg]], [[Maya Angelou]], [[Gwendolyn Brooks]], [[Langston Hughes]], [[Jack Kerouac]], [[James Wright (poet)|James Wright]], [[Allen Ginsberg]]
|<ref name="ijas.iaas.ie">Nathanael O'Reilly, "[http://ijas.iaas.ie/index.php/imagined-america-walt-whitmans-nationalism-in-the-first-edition-of-leaves-of-grass/ Imagined America: Walt Whitman's Nationalism in the First Edition of 'Leaves of Grass{{'-}}]", ''Irish Journal of American Studies''.</ref><ref name="O'Reilly">{{cite journal |last1=O'Reilly |first1=Nathanael |title=Imagined America: Walt Whitman's Nationalism in the First Edition of Leaves of Grass |journal=Irish Journal of American Studies |date=2009 |volume=1 |pages=1–9 |url=http://ijas.iaas.ie/imagined-america-walt-whitmans-nationalism-in-the-first-edition-of-leaves-of-grass/ |access-date=October 11, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/books/authors/did-recluse-emily-dickinson-become-americas-national-poet/|title=How did recluse Emily Dickinson become America's national poet?|first=Charlotte|last=Runcie|newspaper=The Telegraph |date=5 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://smithsonianassociates.org/ticketing/tickets/celebrating-robert-frost-american-poet|title=Celebrating Robert Frost: An American Poet|website=smithsonianassociates.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blackvoicenews.com/2016/03/08/celebrating-maya-angelou-in-the-face-of-conservative-criticism/|title=Celebrating Maya Angelou in the Face of Conservative Criticism|first=S. E.|last=Williams|date=8 March 2016|website=Black Voice News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/gwendolyn-brooks|title=Gwendolyn Brooks|date=December 25, 2020|website=Poetry Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://poets.org/our-national-poets|title=Our National Poets|website=Poets.org}}</ref><ref>Cusic,&nbsp;D.&nbsp;(1991:82).&nbsp;The poet as performer.&nbsp;United Kingdom:&nbsp;University Press of America.</ref>
|}

==Oceania==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Country
!Poets
|{{Refh}}
|-
|{{flag|Australia}}
|[[Dorothea Mackellar]], [[Mary Gilmore]], [[Judith Wright]], [[Henry Lawson]], [[Adam Lindsay Gordon]], [[A. B. Paterson|A. B. "Banjo" Paterson]], [[C.J. Dennis]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/from-the-archives-1922-henry-lawson-australia-s-poet-of-the-bush-dies-20220814-p5b9qo.html|title=From the Archives, 1922: Henry Lawson, Australia's poet of the bush, dies|author=Staff Writers|date=1 September 2022|website=The Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://adamlindsaygordon.org/gordons-works/|title=Gordon's Poems}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu/node/43609|title="Banjo" Patterson, Australian poet and author of "Waltzing Mathilda" is born in the New South Wales outback |website=House Divided}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|New Zealand}}
|[[James K. Baxter]], [[Thomas Bracken]], [[Allen Curnow]]
|<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://ojs.victoria.ac.nz/kotare/article/download/700/511/606 | title=Thomas Bracken, 1843 – 1898 | author=Paul Hunt}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Tonga}}
|[[Konai Helu Thaman]]
|<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hereniko |first1=Vilsoni |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X5uMnqE9fZQC |title=Inside Out: Literature, Cultural Politics, and Identity in the New Pacific |last2=Wilson |first2=Rob |date=1999 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-0-8476-9143-2 |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==South America==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Country
!Poets
!{{Refh}}
|-
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|[[José Hernández (writer)|José Hernández]], [[Jorge Luis Borges]], [[Leopoldo Lugones]] 
|<ref>James Woodall, ''Borges: A Life'', Basic Books (1996). {{ISBN|0-465-04361-5}}. Relevant excerpt [https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/w/woodall-borges.html available] on the ''New York Times'' web site, accessed 9 March 2007.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Bolivia}}
|Rosendo Villalobos
|<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PIiT234E6z8C |title=Bulletin of the Pan American Union |date=1929 |publisher=The Union |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Brazil}}
|[[Gonçalves Dias]], [[Olavo Bilac]], [[Carlos Drummond de Andrade]], [[Machado de Assis]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Antonio-Goncalves-Dias|title=Antônio Gonçalves Dias: Romanticism, Indigenous Peoples, Lyrical Poetry|website=Britannica|date=6 March 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Olavo Bilac: Biography and Poems|work=Brazilian Poetry|url=https://www.brazilianpoetry.com/2021/05/olavo-bilac-biography-and-poems.html|access-date=2021-05-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2012/nov/13/carlos-drummond-de-andrade-brazil-poet|title=What now for Carlos Drummond de Andrade, Brazil's national poet?|first=Ángel|last=Gurría-Quintana|date=13 November 2012|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.afroriowalkingtour.com/joaquim-maria-machado-de-assis|title=Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis|website=Afro-Rio Walking Tour}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Chile}}
|[[Pablo Neruda]], [[Gabriela Mistral]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/gabriela-mistral|title=Gabriela Mistral|website=National Women's History Museum}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dev-lts.web.lehigh.edu/|title=-Pablo Neruda · 40. Whitman @ 200 · Lehigh Library Exhibits|website=Library & Technology Services @ Lehigh University}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Colombia}}
|[[Rafael Pombo]], [[José Asunción Silva]], [[Álvaro Mutis]]
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.colombiaone.com/2023/09/22/rafael-pombo-poet-colombia/|title=Rafael Pombo: The Immortal Poet of Colombian Children's Literature|first=Luis|last=Ospino|date=22 September 2023|website=Colombia One: News from Colombia and the World}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://erm.yale.edu/people/david-francis|title=David Francis, Residential College Dean - Grace Hopper College |website=Ethnicity, Race, and Migration}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Ecuador}}
|[[José Joaquín de Olmedo]], [[Remigio Crespo Toral]]
|<ref>{{Cite book |last=Henderson |first=Peter V. N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f8hmmuVa7zUC |title=Gabriel García Moreno and Conservative State Formation in the Andes |date=2009-09-15 |publisher=University of Texas Press |isbn=978-0-292-77941-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ecuadorianliterature.com/remigio-crespo-toral/|title=Remigio Crespo Toral - Ecuadorian Literature|date=28 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Guyana}}
|[[Martin Carter]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH/H00680X/1|title=GtR|website=gtr.ukri.org}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Peru}}
|[[César Vallejo]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tarnmoor.com/2014/02/24/he-died-in-paris-after-all/|title=He Died in Paris After All|date=25 February 2014}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Suriname}}
|[[Trefossa]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://paramaribospan.blogspot.com/2009/09/seen-trefossa.html|title=Seen: Trefossa, by Ida Does}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Uruguay}}
|[[Juan Zorrilla de San Martín]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/index.php/mastertalent/detail/103359/Zorrilla_de_San_Martn_Juan|title=Juan Zorrilla de San Martín|website=Discography of American Historical Recordings}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Venezuela}}
| [[Andrés Eloy Blanco]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://translatingcuba.com/the-day-the-prisoners-are-freed-in-venezuela-14ymedio-carlos-alberto-montaner/|title=The Day the Prisoners Are Freed in Venezuela / 14ymedio, Carlos Alberto Montaner|date=10 January 2016|website=Translating Cuba}}</ref>
|}

==See also==

* [[Poet laureate]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Marcel Cornis-Pope and John Neubauer, eds., ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=YINYl4iv4ecC&pg=PA11 Figures of National Poets]'' (2004)
* Edward Whitley, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=9gk6Zff3J4kC American Bards: Walt Whitman and Other Unlikely Candidates for National Poet]'' (2010)
* Michael Dobson, ''[https://archive.org/details/makingofnational00dobs The Making of the National Poet]'' (1992)
* Josep R. Llobera, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=yKgCPOXcuxEC&pg=PA38 Foundations of National Identity]'' (2004)

{{Global Poets Laureate|state=autocollapse}}
{{Lists of poets}}
{{National symbols}}

[[Category:Lists of poets|National poets]]
[[Category:National symbols|Poet]]
[[Category:Poets]]