View source for Nandrolone decanoate

{{short description|Anabolic steroid}}
{{Drugbox
| Verifiedfields = 
| Watchedfields = 
| verifiedrevid = 
| IUPAC_name = [(8''R'',9''S'',10''R'',13''S'',14''S'',17''S'')-13-methyl-3-oxo-2,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1''H''-cyclopenta[''a'']phenanthren-17-yl] decanoate
| image = Nandrolone decanoate.svg
| image_class = skin-invert-image
| width = 250px
| image2 = Nandrolone decanoate molecule ball.png
| width2 = 250px

<!--Clinical data-->
| tradename = Rolon, Deca-Durabolin, others
| pregnancy_AU = D
| pregnancy_US = X
| pregnancy_category = 
| legal_AU = S4
| legal_CA = Schedule IV
| legal_UK = Class C
| legal_US = Schedule III
| legal_status = 
| routes_of_administration = [[Intramuscular injection]], [[subcutaneous injection]]
| class = [[Androgen]]; [[Anabolic steroid]]; [[Androgen ester]]; [[Progestogen]]

<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->
| bioavailability = [[Intramuscular injection|Intramuscular]]: 53–73%<ref name="pmid15713722">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bagchus WM, Smeets JM, Verheul HA, De Jager-Van Der Veen SM, Port A, Geurts TB | title = Pharmacokinetic evaluation of three different intramuscular doses of nandrolone decanoate: analysis of serum and urine samples in healthy men | journal = The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism | volume = 90 | issue = 5 | pages = 2624–2630 | date = May 2005 | pmid = 15713722 | doi = 10.1210/jc.2004-1526 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
| protein_bound = 
| metabolism = [[Blood]] ([[hydrolysis]]), [[liver]] ([[redox|reduction]])<ref name="Label-NZ" /><ref name="Thomas2012" />
| metabolites = • [[Nandrolone]]<ref name="Label-NZ" /><ref name="Llewellyn2011" /><br />• [[5α-Dihydronandrolone]]<ref name="Label-NZ" /><ref name="Llewellyn2011" /><br />• [[19-Norandrosterone]]<ref name="Label-NZ" /><br />• [[19-Noretiocholanolone]]<ref name="Label-NZ" /><br />• [[Conjugation (biochemistry)|Conjugate]]s<ref name="Thomas2012" />
| elimination_half-life = • Intramuscular: 6–12 days<ref name="Label-NZ">{{cite web |url=http://medsafe.govt.nz/profs/Datasheet/d/roloninj.pdf |title=ROLON IN |website=medsafe.govt.nz |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128030754/http://medsafe.govt.nz/profs/Datasheet/d/Decadurabolininj.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="pmid9103484">{{cite journal | vauthors = Minto CF, Howe C, Wishart S, Conway AJ, Handelsman DJ | title = Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nandrolone esters in oil vehicle: effects of ester, injection site and injection volume | journal = The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | volume = 281 | issue = 1 | pages = 93–102 | date = April 1997 | pmid = 9103484 }}</ref><br />• Nandrolone: <4.3 hours<ref name="Label-NZ" />
| duration_of_action = • Intramuscular: 2–3 weeks<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /><ref name="Label-AU" />
| excretion = [[Urine]]<ref name="Label-NZ" />

<!--Identifiers-->
| CAS_number_Ref = 
| CAS_number = 360-70-3
| CAS_supplemental = 
| ATC_prefix = 
| ATC_suffix = 
| PubChem = 9677
| DrugBank_Ref = 
| DrugBank = DB08804
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = 
| ChemSpiderID = 9296
| UNII = H45187T098
| synonyms = • Nandrolone decylate<br />• 19-Nortestosterone 17β-decanoate

<!--Chemical data-->
| C=28 | H=44 | O=3
| SMILES = CCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CCC4=CC(=O)CC[C@H]34)C
| StdInChI_Ref = 
| StdInChI = 1S/C28H44O3/c1-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-27(30)31-26-16-15-25-24-13-11-20-19-21(29)12-14-22(20)23(24)17-18-28(25,26)2/h19,22-26H,3-18H2,1-2H3/t22-,23+,24+,25-,26-,28-/m0/s1
| StdInChIKey_Ref = 
| StdInChIKey = JKWKMORAXJQQSR-MOPIKTETSA-N
}}
<!-- Definition and medical uses -->
'''Nandrolone decanoate''', sold under the brand names '''Rolon'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rolon 250mg/ml Solution for Injection - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) - (emc) |url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/5374/smpc#gref |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922210716/https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/5374/smpc#gref |archive-date=2020-09-22 |access-date=2020-10-09 |website=www.medicines.org.uk}}</ref> and '''Deca-Durabolin''', among others, is an [[androgen]] and [[anabolic steroid]] (AAS) medication which is used primarily in the treatment of [[anemia]]s and [[wasting syndrome]]s, as well as [[osteoporosis]] in [[menopause|menopausal]] women.<ref name="Elks2014">{{cite book| vauthors = Elks J |title=The Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data: Chemical Data, Structures and Bibliographies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0vXTBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA660|date=14 November 2014|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-4757-2085-3|pages=660–}}</ref><ref name="IndexNominum2000">{{cite book|title=Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5GpcTQD_L2oC&pg=PA716|date=January 2000|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-3-88763-075-1|pages=716–717}}</ref><ref name="MortonHall2012">{{cite book| vauthors = Morton IK, Hall JM |title=Concise Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents: Properties and Synonyms|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tsjrCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA189|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-94-011-4439-1}}</ref><ref name="Drugs.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/pro/nandrolone.html|title=Nandrolone - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses|website=Drugs.com|access-date=24 March 2022}}</ref><ref name="Llewellyn2011">{{cite book| vauthors = Llewellyn W |title=Anabolics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=afKLA-6wW0oC&pg=PT402|year=2011|publisher=Molecular Nutrition Llc|isbn=978-0-9828280-1-4|pages=402–412, 193–194}}</ref> It is given by [[intramuscular injection|injection into muscle]] or [[subcutaneous injection|fat]] once every one to four weeks.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /><ref name="SinghTurner2014">{{cite journal | vauthors = Singh GK, Turner L, Desai R, Jimenez M, Handelsman DJ | title = Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic study of subcutaneous injection of depot nandrolone decanoate using dried blood spots sampling coupled with ultrapressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assays | journal = The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism | volume = 99 | issue = 7 | pages = 2592–2598 | date = July 2014 | pmid = 24684468 | doi = 10.1210/jc.2014-1243 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

<!-- Side effects and mechanism of action -->
[[Side effect]]s of nandrolone decanoate may include [[symptom]]s of [[virilization|masculinization]] like [[acne]], [[hirsutism|increased hair growth]], and [[voice deepening|voice changes]].<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /> The medication is a [[synthetic compound|synthetic]] androgen and anabolic steroid and hence is an [[agonist]] of the [[androgen receptor]] (AR), the [[biological target]] of androgens like [[testosterone]] and [[dihydrotestosterone]] (DHT).<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /><ref name="pmid18500378">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kicman AT | title = Pharmacology of anabolic steroids | journal = British Journal of Pharmacology | volume = 154 | issue = 3 | pages = 502–521 | date = June 2008 | pmid = 18500378 | pmc = 2439524 | doi = 10.1038/bjp.2008.165 }}</ref> It has strong [[anabolic]] effects and weak [[androgen]]ic effects, which give it a mild side effect profile and make it especially suitable for use in women and children.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /><ref name="pmid18500378" /><ref name="Kochakian2012">{{cite book| vauthors = Kochakian CD |title=Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3-LrCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA401|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-642-66353-6|pages=401–}}</ref> Nandrolone decanoate is a [[nandrolone ester]] and a long-lasting [[prodrug]] of [[nandrolone]] in the body.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /><ref name="pmid3865478">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wijnand HP, Bosch AM, Donker CW | title = Pharmacokinetic parameters of nandrolone (19-nortestosterone) after intramuscular administration of nandrolone decanoate (ROLON) to healthy volunteers | journal = Acta Endocrinologica. Supplementum | volume = 271 | issue = 3_Suppla | pages = 19–30 | year = 1985 | pmid = 3865478 | doi = 10.1530/acta.0.109s00019 }}</ref>

<!-- History, society, and culture -->
Nandrolone decanoate was first described in 1960 and was introduced for medical use in 1962.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /> It was the second nandrolone ester to be introduced, following [[nandrolone phenylpropionate]] (NPP) in 1959, and is one of the most widely used nandrolone esters.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /><ref name="Sneader2005">{{cite book| vauthors = Sneader W |title=Drug Discovery: A History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cb6BOkj9fK4C&pg=PA206|date=23 June 2005|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-471-89979-2|pages=206–}}</ref> It is also one of the most widely used AAS worldwide.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /> In addition to its medical use, nandrolone decanoate is used to [[performance-enhancing substance|improve physique and performance]], and is said to be the most widely used AAS for such purposes.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /><ref name="JamesonGroot2015">{{cite book| vauthors = Jameson JL, De Groot LJ |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xmLeBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA2388|title=Endocrinology: Adult and Pediatric E-Book |date=25 February 2015|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-32195-2|pages=2388–}}</ref> The drug is a [[controlled substance]] in many countries and so non-medical use is generally illicit.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" />

{{TOC limit|3}}

==Medical uses==
{{See also|Anabolic steroid#Medical}}
Nandrolone decanoate is approved in the [[United States]] specifically for the treatment of [[anemia]] of [[chronic kidney disease]] and in the [[United Kingdom]] specifically for the treatment of [[osteoporosis]] in [[menopause|postmenopausal]] women.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /><ref name="Label-US">{{Cite web|url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=3f059e04-1ebc-40bb-a49c-f9d90d41b1cb|title=NANDROLONE DECANOATE INJECTION, USP|website=Dailymed.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=24 March 2022}}</ref><ref name="Label-UK">{{cite web|url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/files/pil.5374.pdf?filename=PIL.5374.pdf|title=Package leaflet: Information for the patient : ROLON 250 mg/ml Solution for Injection (Nandrolone decanoate)|website=Medicines.org.uk|access-date=24 March 2022|archive-date=13 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213142942/https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/files/pil.5374.pdf?filename=PIL.5374.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> In [[Australia]], it is approved specifically for the treatment of [[kidney failure]], [[chronic kidney disease]], [[anemia]] of kidney failure, [[aplastic anemia]], osteoporosis (in women in whom [[estrogen (medication)|estrogen]]s are [[contraindication|contraindicated]]), inoperable [[breast cancer]], and for patients on long-term [[corticosteroid]] therapy.<ref name="Label-AU">{{cite web |url= https://gp2u.com.au/static/pdf/D/DECA-DURABOLIN-PI.pdf |title=DECA-DURABOLIN (nandrolone decanoate) |website=gp2u.com.au |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190309024812/https://gp2u.com.au/static/pdf/D/DECA-DURABOLIN-PI.pdf |archive-date=9 March 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In [[New Zealand]], it is approved for osteoporosis, inoperable breast cancer, and as an [[adjunct therapy|adjunct]] to therapy for conditions characterized by a negative [[nitrogen balance]].<ref name="Label-NZ" /> The drug is often used off-label to preserve [[lean mass]] in [[HIV/AIDS]] patients and in other [[wasting syndrome]]s.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" />

In the past, nandrolone decanoate has also been indicated and used for a variety of other conditions and situations including pre- and postoperative use for increasing lean mass, treating [[weight loss]] due to [[convalescence]] or disease, [[geriatric]] states (e.g., general [[weakness]], [[fatigue (medical)|fatigue]]), [[burn]]s, severe [[major trauma|trauma]], [[ulcer]]s, and selected cases of [[growth failure]] in children.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /> Starting in the 1970s, the indications of nandrolone decanoate were refined and use of the drug became more selective and restricted.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /> Its use in medicine continues to decline and has become limited, with its sale having been discontinued in many countries.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" />

Nandrolone esters can be used as a form of [[androgen replacement therapy]] for treatment of [[androgen deficiency]] in men.<ref name="BagatellBremner2003" /> However, they have not generally been used for this purpose, and have instead mostly been used only as anabolic agents.<ref name="BagatellBremner2003" /><ref name="Becker2001">{{cite book| vauthors = Becker KL |title=Principles and Practice of Endocrinology and Metabolism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FVfzRvaucq8C&pg=PA1185|year=2001|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=978-0-7817-1750-2|pages=1185, 2146}}</ref><ref name="Meikle1999">{{cite book| vauthors = Meikle AW |title=Hormone Replacement Therapy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ja2nBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA271|date=1 June 1999|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-59259-700-0|pages=271–}}</ref> In any case, nandrolone decanoate has widely been used at low doses as a means of androgen replacement in postmenopausal women, for instance to maintain or increase [[bone mineral density]] and decrease the risk of osteoporosis.<ref name="pmid10372681">{{cite journal | vauthors = Davis S | title = Androgen replacement in women: a commentary | journal = The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism | volume = 84 | issue = 6 | pages = 1886–1891 | date = June 1999 | pmid = 10372681 | doi = 10.1210/jcem.84.6.5802 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="pmid9374980">{{cite journal | vauthors = Abraham D, Carpenter PC | title = Issues concerning androgen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women | journal = Mayo Clinic Proceedings | volume = 72 | issue = 11 | pages = 1051–1055 | date = November 1997 | pmid = 9374980 | doi = 10.4065/72.11.1051 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="Meikle2003">{{cite book| vauthors = Meikle AW |title=Endocrine Replacement Therapy in Clinical Practice|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CA0HCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA519|date=24 April 2003|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-59259-375-0|pages=519–}}</ref><ref name="pmid10418991">{{cite journal | vauthors = Davis SR | title = The therapeutic use of androgens in women | journal = The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology | volume = 69 | issue = 1–6 | pages = 177–184 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10418991 | doi = 10.1016/s0960-0760(99)00054-0 | s2cid = 23520067 }}</ref> It is one of only three androgens approved for androgen replacement in postmenopausal women, the others being [[testosterone (medication)|testosterone]] (and [[testosterone ester|ester]]s) and [[methyltestosterone]].<ref name="pmid10418991" /> Nandrolone esters have more recently been proposed for more widespread treatment of androgen deficiency in men due to favorable properties including their high ratio of anabolic to androgenic effect and hence lower or negligible risk of [[pattern hair loss|scalp hair loss]], [[benign prostatic hyperplasia|prostate enlargement]], and [[prostate cancer]] relative to testosterone.<ref name="BagatellBremner2003" /><ref name="pmid27535042">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wu C, Kovac JR | title = Novel Uses for the Anabolic Androgenic Steroids Nandrolone and Oxandrolone in the Management of Male Health | journal = Current Urology Reports | volume = 17 | issue = 10 | pages = 72 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27535042 | doi = 10.1007/s11934-016-0629-8 | s2cid = 43199715 }}</ref><ref name="pmid27141449">{{cite journal | vauthors = Pan MM, Kovac JR | title = Beyond testosterone cypionate: evidence behind the use of nandrolone in male health and wellness | journal = Translational Andrology and Urology | volume = 5 | issue = 2 | pages = 213–219 | date = April 2016 | pmid = 27141449 | pmc = 4837307 | doi = 10.21037/tau.2016.03.03 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Nandrolone esters and related compounds such as [[trestolone]] and [[dimethandrolone undecanoate]] have also been studied as means of androgen replacement in investigational [[male contraceptive]] regimens.<ref name="BagatellBremner2003" /><ref name="LongLee2019">{{cite journal | vauthors = Long JE, Lee MS, Blithe DL | title = Male Contraceptive Development: Update on Novel Hormonal and Nonhormonal Methods | journal = Clinical Chemistry | volume = 65 | issue = 1 | pages = 153–160 | date = January 2019 | pmid = 30602479 | doi = 10.1373/clinchem.2018.295089 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="Nieschlag2010">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nieschlag E | title = Clinical trials in male hormonal contraception | journal = Contraception | volume = 82 | issue = 5 | pages = 457–470 | date = November 2010 | pmid = 20933120 | doi = 10.1016/j.contraception.2010.03.020 | url = http://www.kup.at/kup/pdf/10172.pdf }}</ref>

It has also been proposed for [[masculinizing hormone therapy]] in some nonbinary people [[assigned female at birth]] who want the body shape effects of testosterone without [[androgenic hair]] growth.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Cocchetti C, Ristori J, Romani A, Maggi M, Fisher AD | title = Hormonal Treatment Strategies Tailored to Non-Binary Transgender Individuals | journal = Journal of Clinical Medicine | volume = 9 | issue = 6 | page = 1609 | date = May 2020 | pmid = 32466485 | pmc = 7356977 | doi = 10.3390/jcm9061609 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

===Dosages===
A dosage of nandrolone decanoate of 25 to 50&nbsp;mg once every 6 to 12&nbsp;weeks (working out to an average exposure of about 2 to 8&nbsp;mg per week) by intramuscular injection is considered to be appropriate for general androgen replacement therapy in women.<ref name="pmid12730248">{{cite journal | vauthors = Morley JE, Perry HM | title = Androgens and women at the menopause and beyond | journal = The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences | volume = 58 | issue = 5 | pages = M409–M416 | date = May 2003 | pmid = 12730248 | doi = 10.1093/gerona/58.5.M409 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="LoboKelsey2000">{{cite book| vauthors = Lobo RA, Kelsey J, Marcus R |title=Menopause: Biology and Pathobiology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i9HXKhjvNVAC&pg=PA454|date=22 May 2000|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=978-0-08-053620-0|pages=454–}}</ref><ref name="BagatellBremner2003">{{cite book| vauthors = Bagatell C, Bremner WJ |title=Androgens in Health and Disease|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vDcBCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA374|date=27 May 2003|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-59259-388-0|pages=25,146,374,408–409}}</ref> A dosage of 50&nbsp;mg once every 2 to 4&nbsp;weeks by intramuscular injection is used in the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and in the palliative treatment of inoperative breast cancer.<ref name="Label-NZ" /><ref name="Label-AU" /><ref name="pmid11600868">{{cite journal | vauthors = Khorram O | title = Potential therapeutic effects of prescribed and over-the-counter androgens in women | journal = Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology | volume = 44 | issue = 4 | pages = 880–892 | date = December 2001 | pmid = 11600868 | doi = 10.1097/00003081-200112000-00025 | s2cid = 40818075 }}</ref> For children aged 2 to 13&nbsp;years, the average dosage for anemia of chronic kidney disease is 25 to 50&nbsp;mg every 3 to 4&nbsp;weeks by intramuscular injection.<ref name="Label-US" /> Dosages in men and for other uses have also been described.<ref name="Label-US" /><ref name="Label-UK" /><ref name="Label-AU" /><ref name="Label-NZ" /><ref name="Llewellyn2011" />

{{Androgen replacement therapy formulations and dosages used in women}}

{{Androgen/anabolic steroid dosages for breast cancer}}

===Available forms===
Nandrolone decanoate has been available in 25&nbsp;mg/mL, 50&nbsp;mg/mL, 100&nbsp;mg/mL, and 200&nbsp;mg/mL formulations in [[oil solution]] for [[intramuscular injection]].<ref name="Becker2001" /><ref name="Llewellyn2011" />

==Non-medical uses==
{{See also|Anabolic steroid#Enhancing performance}}

Nandrolone decanoate is used for [[performance-enhancing drug|physique- and performance-enhancing purpose]]s by competitive athletes, [[bodybuilder]]s, and [[powerlifter]]s.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /> It is consumed by bodybuilders as per 8–12 weeks bulking cycles with some form of [[testosterone]] as a base<ref>{{Cite web|title=Deca Durabolin Cycle: The most effective ways to use Deca|url=https://myleanbody.net/cycles.html|access-date=2020-10-09|website=myleanbody.net|language=en-US}}</ref> because, according to the studies if consumed solo (i.e., without a base) it shuts down the natural production of testosterone by altering blood–testis barrier components.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Barone R, Pitruzzella A, Marino Gammazza A, Rappa F, Salerno M, Barone F, Sangiorgi C, D'Amico D, Locorotondo N, Di Gaudio F, Cipolloni L, Di Felice V, Schiavone S, Rapisarda V, Sani G, Tambo A, Cappello F, Turillazzi E, Pomara C | display-authors = 6 | title = Nandrolone decanoate interferes with testosterone biosynthesis altering blood-testis barrier components | journal = Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine | volume = 21 | issue = 8 | pages = 1636–1647 | date = August 2017 | pmid = 28244681 | pmc = 5542904 | doi = 10.1111/jcmm.13092 | publisher = [[Wiley-Blackwell]] }}</ref> Despite this fact, nandrolone decanoate is one of the most popular injectable AAS worldwide, and nandrolone esters have been said to be the most popular AAS used by bodybuilders and in sports.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /><ref name="JamesonGroot2015" /> This is in part due to the high ratio of anabolic to androgenic effect of nandrolone and its weak propensity for [[androgen]]ic and [[estrogen (medication)|estrogen]]ic side effects.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Side Effects of Deca Durabolin|url=https://myleanbody.net/sideeffects.html|access-date=2020-10-09|website=myleanbody.net|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Contraindications==
[[Contraindication]]s for nandrolone decanoate include [[pregnancy]], [[breastfeeding]], [[prostate cancer]], [[male breast cancer]], [[breast cancer]] in women with [[hypercalcemia]], [[hypersensitivity reaction|hypersensitivity]] (to nandrolone decanoate or [[excipient]]s such as [[arachis oil|arachis (peanut) oil]]; includes those with [[peanut allergy|peanut]] and [[soy allergy|soy allergies]]), [[nephrosis]] or [[nephritis]], [[liver disease]] with impaired [[bilirubin]] [[excretion]], and [[heart failure]].<ref name="Label-AU" /><ref name="Label-US" /> High dosages may also be considered contraindicated in women due to their high potential for [[virilization]].<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /><ref name="Label-AU" />

==Side effects==
{{See also|Anabolic steroid#Adverse effects}}

The [[side effect]]s of nandrolone decanoate are dependent on [[dosing|dosage]], duration of treatment, and [[individual sensitivity]].<ref name="Label-AU" /><ref name="Label-UK" /> A number of common, uncommon, and rare side effects have been observed with the medication at recommended dosages.<ref name="Label-AU" /><ref name="Label-UK" /> While less common or severe than with many other AAS, the most common side effect of nandrolone decanoate is [[virilization]] (masculinization) in women.<ref name="Label-AU" /><ref name="Label-UK" /> Uncommon side effects of nandrolone decanoate at recommended dosages include [[water retention (medicine)|fluid retention]], inhibition of [[spermatogenesis]], [[testicular atrophy]], [[erectile dysfunction]], [[gynecomastia]], increased frequency of [[penile erection]]s, increased [[human penis size|penis size]] in pre-pubertal boys, [[clitoromegaly|clitoral hypertrophy]], increased [[pubic hair]] growth, [[oligomenorrhea]], [[amenorrhea]], [[hyperlipidemia]], decreased [[HDL cholesterol]], increased [[hemoglobin]] (to abnormal high levels), [[hypertension]], [[nausea]], [[epididymitis]], [[bladder irritability]], reduced [[urine flow rate|urine flow]], [[benign prostatic hyperplasia]], [[priapism]], premature [[epiphyseal closure]] (in children), and acne.<ref name="Label-AU" /> Rare side effects include abnormal [[liver function tests|liver function]], [[jaundice]], [[peliosis hepatis]], [[liver tumor]]s, [[oily skin]], [[greasy hair]], [[rash]], [[pruritus]], [[exanthema]], [[urticaria]] at the injection site, and [[furunculosis]].<ref name="Label-AU" /> Local [[injection site reaction]]s may also occur.<ref name="Label-UK" />

Unlike [[17α-alkylated anabolic steroid|17α-alkylated]] AAS such as [[methyltestosterone]], nandrolone decanoate is not associated with [[hepatotoxicity|liver toxicity]].<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /><ref name="Hohl2017">{{cite book| vauthors = Hohl A |title=Testosterone: From Basic to Clinical Aspects|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Et6TDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA394|date=30 March 2017|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-46086-4|pages=394–}}</ref>

===Virilization===
Nandrolone decanoate causes [[virilization]] as a common side effect in women, including [[acne]], [[hoarseness|hoarseness of the voice]], [[hirsutism]] (excessive [[facial hair|facial]]/[[body hair]] growth), and [[libido]] changes, among others.<ref name="Label-AU" /> [[Clitoral enlargement]] is an uncommon symptom of virilization that can occur.<ref name="Label-AU" /> Virilization is especially prevalent and marked at high dosages of nandrolone decanoate and/or with long-term treatment, and some aspects of virilization like [[voice deepening]] can be irreversible.<ref name="Label-AU" /><ref name="Label-UK" /><ref name="Llewellyn2011" /> Hoarseness is often the first sign of voice changes.<ref name="Label-AU" /> Although said to be only slightly androgenic, nandrolone decanoate may still occasionally cause virilization at recommended dosages in women, especially with long-term treatment.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /> A minor though statistically insignificant incidence of virilization has been observed in women treated with nandrolone decanoate short-term at a dosage of 100&nbsp;mg every 2&nbsp;weeks for 12&nbsp;weeks.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /> Conversely, long-term (>1&nbsp;year) studies have shown significant virilization in women even at a dosage of 50&nbsp;mg every 2 or 3&nbsp;weeks.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" />

==Overdose==
The acute [[toxicity]] of nandrolone esters in animals is very low and there are no reports of acute [[overdose|overdosage]] with nandrolone decanoate in humans.<ref name="Label-NZ" /><ref name="Label-AU" /> There are no specific recommendations for the management of nandrolone decanoate.<ref name="Label-AU" />

== Interactions ==

[[Antiestrogen]]s like [[aromatase inhibitor]]s (e.g., [[anastrozole]]) and [[selective estrogen receptor modulator]]s (e.g., [[tamoxifen]], [[raloxifene]]) can interfere with and prevent the [[estrogen (medication)|estrogen]]ic effects of nandrolone decanoate.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /> [[5α-Reductase inhibitor]]s like [[finasteride]] and [[dutasteride]] can prevent the inactivation of nandrolone in so-called "androgenic" [[tissue (biology)|tissue]]s like the [[skin]], [[hair follicle]]s, and [[prostate gland]], and may therefore considerably increase its androgenic side effects.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /> This is opposite to the case of most other AAS, which are either potentiated by [[5α-reductase]] in such tissues or are not [[substrate (biochemistry)|substrate]]s of 5α-reductase.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /> [[Antiandrogen]]s like [[cyproterone acetate]], [[spironolactone]], and [[bicalutamide]] can block both the anabolic and androgenic effects of AAS like nandrolone decanoate.<ref name="BagatellBremner2003" />

==Pharmacology==

===Pharmacodynamics===
[[File:Nandrolone.svg|class=skin-invert-image|thumb|right|225px|[[Nandrolone]], the [[active metabolite|active form]] of nandrolone decanoate.]]

{{Relative androgenic to anabolic activity in animals}}

Nandrolone decanoate is a [[nandrolone ester]], or a [[prodrug]] of [[nandrolone]].<ref name="Label-AU" /><ref name="pmid16159155" /><ref name="Llewellyn2011" /><ref name="pmid18500378" /> As such, it is an [[androgen]] and [[anabolic steroid]], or an [[agonist]] of the AR, the [[biological target]] of androgens like testosterone and DHT.<ref name="Label-AU" /><ref name="Llewellyn2011" /><ref name="pmid18500378" /><ref name="pmid16159155">{{cite journal | vauthors = Gao W, Bohl CE, Dalton JT | title = Chemistry and structural biology of androgen receptor | journal = Chemical Reviews | volume = 105 | issue = 9 | pages = 3352–3370 | date = September 2005 | pmid = 16159155 | pmc = 2096617 | doi = 10.1021/cr020456u }}</ref> Relative to testosterone, nandrolone decanoate has enhanced [[anabolic]] effects and reduced [[androgen]]ic effects.<ref name="Label-AU" /><ref name="pmid16159155" /><ref name="pmid18500378" /> It is considered to have strong anabolic effects but weak androgenic effects, with respective [[potency (pharmacology)|potency]] ratios of 3.29–4.92 and 0.31–0.41 (index value 10.6–12.1 or about an 11:1 ratio of [[myotrophic]] to androgenic effect) relative to [[testosterone propionate]].<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /><ref name="pmid18500378" /><ref name="pmid27141449" /> This is defined specifically on the basis of a rodent model in which change in the weights of the rat [[bulbospongiosus muscle|bulbocavernosus]]/[[levator ani]] muscle ("anabolic" or "myotrophic" activity) and the rat [[prostate gland|ventral prostate]] or [[seminal vesicle]]s ("androgenic" activity) are compared with testosterone and then used to form a ratio.<ref name="pmid18500378" /> Along with [[oxandrolone]] (which has a ratio of about 10:1), nandrolone esters are thought to have the highest ratio of anabolic to androgenic effect of any other AAS.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /><ref name="pmid27535042" /> For this reason, they are considered to be among the most appropriate AAS for use in women and children.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /><ref name="Kochakian2012" />

Androgenic effects like [[virilization]] are relatively uncommon with nandrolone decanoate at recommended dosages, though may still occur especially at higher dosages or with extended use.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /><ref name="Label-AU" /> The low androgenicity of nandrolone decanoate is thought to be due to the fact that whereas many other AAS like testosterone are potentiated via [[metabolism|transformation]] by [[5α-reductase]] into more potent AR agonists like DHT in specific [[tissue (biology)|tissue]]s including the [[skin]], [[hair follicle]]s, [[prostate gland]], [[liver]], and [[brain]], nandrolone is instead inactivated by 5α-reductase via transformation into the low-affinity AR ligand [[5α-dihydronandrolone]] in such tissues.<ref name="Thomas2012" /><ref name="Llewellyn2011" /><ref name="pmid18500378" /> This is thought to result in a much lower incidence and magnitude of [[hypertrichosis|facial/body hair growth]], [[pattern hair loss|scalp hair loss]], and possibly [[prostate disorder|prostate issue]]s like [[prostate enlargement]] and [[prostate cancer]] with nandrolone esters relative to testosterone.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /><ref name="pmid27535042" /><ref name="pmid27141449" />

In addition to its anabolic and androgenic activity, nandrolone decanoate has low [[estrogen (medication)|estrogen]]ic activity (via its [[metabolite]] [[estradiol (medication)|estradiol]]) and moderate [[progestogen]]ic activity.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /> This may result in side effects such as [[water retention (medicine)|fluid retention]] and [[gynecomastia]].<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /> Like other AAS, nandrolone decanoate has [[antigonadotropic]] effects.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /> It has been found to suppress testosterone levels by 57% at a dosage of 100&nbsp;mg/week and by 70% at a dosage of 300&nbsp;mg/week in men following 6&nbsp;weeks of treatment.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /> Both the androgenic activity and the progestogenic activity of nandrolone decanoate may contribute to its antigonadotropic potency.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /> Relative to testosterone, due to its lower estrogenic potency, much less of the antigonadotropic potency of nandrolone decanoate is derived from its estrogenic activity.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" />

{{Relative affinities of nandrolone and related steroids}}

{{Relative affinities of nandrolone and related steroids at the androgen receptor}}

===Pharmacokinetics===
Upon [[intramuscular injection]] in [[oil]], which results in the formation of a long-lasting [[depot injection|depot]] in the [[muscle]], nandrolone decanoate is stored unchanged and is slowly [[absorption (pharmacokinetics)|absorbed]] into the body.<ref name="Thomas2012">{{cite book| vauthors = Thomas JA |title=Drugs, Athletes, and Physical Performance|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9u0pBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA27|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4684-5499-4|pages=27–29}}</ref> Once in the [[circulatory system|circulation]], it is converted into [[nandrolone]], which is the active form of the drug.<ref name="Label-NZ" /> There is a sharp spike in nandrolone levels 24 to 48&nbsp;hours after an intramuscular injection of nandrolone decanoate, followed by a steady decline to baseline levels within approximately two or three weeks.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /><ref name="Label-AU" /> The [[bioavailability]] of nandrolone decanoate is 53 to 73% with intramuscular injection and varies with the site of injection, with the highest bioavailability seen when injected into the [[gluteal muscle]].<ref name="pmid15713722" /> Like testosterone, nandrolone is highly [[plasma protein bound|protein-bound]] and is present in the blood in both bound and free fractions.<ref name="Thomas2012" /> It has very low [[affinity (pharmacology)|affinity]] for [[sex hormone-binding globulin]] (SHBG), about 5% of that of testosterone and 1% of that of DHT.<ref name="Thomas2012" /><ref name="pmid6539197">{{cite journal | vauthors = Saartok T, Dahlberg E, Gustafsson JA | title = Relative binding affinity of anabolic-androgenic steroids: comparison of the binding to the androgen receptors in skeletal muscle and in prostate, as well as to sex hormone-binding globulin | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 114 | issue = 6 | pages = 2100–2106 | date = June 1984 | pmid = 6539197 | doi = 10.1210/endo-114-6-2100 }}</ref>

Nandrolone decanoate is rapidly [[hydrolysis|hydrolyzed]] in the blood by [[esterase]]s into nandrolone, with a [[terminal half-life]] of one hour or less.<ref name="Thomas2012" /><ref name="Label-NZ" /> It does not appear to be hydrolyzed in muscle or fat.<ref name="KalicharanBout2016">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kalicharan RW, Bout MR, Oussoren C, Vromans H | title = Where does hydrolysis of nandrolone decanoate occur in the human body after release from an oil depot? | journal = International Journal of Pharmaceutics | volume = 515 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 721–728 | date = December 2016 | pmid = 27989828 | doi = 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.10.068 }}</ref> The [[metabolism]] of nandrolone occurs in the [[liver]] and is very similar to that of testosterone, including [[redox|reduction]] by [[5α-reductase]] and [[5β-reductase]], [[dehydrogenation]] by [[3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase]], [[3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase]], and [[17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase]], and [[conjugation (biochemistry)|conjugation]].<ref name="Thomas2012" /> The [[metabolite]]s of nandrolone include [[5α-dihydronandrolone]], [[19-norandrosterone]], and [[19-noretiocholanolone]], with 19-norandrosterone being the major metabolite.<ref name="Thomas2012" /> Other metabolites include [[bolandione|19-norandrostenedione]], 19-norandrostanediols, 19-norepiandrosterone, and [[conjugation (biochemistry)|conjugate]]s.<ref name="Thomas2012" /> Nandrolone also undergoes [[aromatization]] into [[estradiol (medication)|estradiol]] similarly to testosterone, though at a rate of only about 20% of that of testosterone or possibly even less; one study found virtually no aromatization of nandrolone in men.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /><ref name="JamesonGroot2015" /><ref name="Thomas2012" /><ref name="pmid11726576">{{cite journal | vauthors = Behre HM, Kliesch S, Lemcke B, von Eckardstein S, Nieschlag E | title = Suppression of spermatogenesis to azoospermia by combined administration of GnRH antagonist and 19-nortestosterone cannot be maintained by this non-aromatizable androgen alone | journal = Human Reproduction | volume = 16 | issue = 12 | pages = 2570–2577 | date = December 2001 | pmid = 11726576 | doi = 10.1093/humrep/16.12.2570 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

The [[elimination half-life]] of nandrolone decanoate administered by [[intramuscular injection]] is approximately 6 to 12&nbsp;days.<ref name="Label-NZ" /><ref name="Llewellyn2011" /> Studies that have assessed the [[duration of action|duration]] of nandrolone decanoate via its anabolic effects, for instance on nitrogen balance, have found that a single 50 to 100&nbsp;mg intramuscular injection had a duration of about 18 to 25&nbsp;days.<ref name="pmid1231448">{{cite journal | vauthors = Vermeulen A | title = Longacting steroid preparations | journal = Acta Clinica Belgica | volume = 30 | issue = 1 | pages = 48–55 | date = 1975 | pmid = 1231448 | doi = 10.1080/17843286.1975.11716973 }}</ref><ref name="Dorfman2016">{{cite book| vauthors = Dorfman RI |title=Steroidal Activity in Experimental Animals and Man|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uizgBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA68|date=5 December 2016|publisher=Elsevier Science|isbn=978-1-4832-7300-6|pages=68–}}</ref>  The blood half-life for the combined process of hydrolysis into nandrolone and [[elimination (pharmacology)|elimination]] of nandrolone is 4.3&nbsp;hours.<ref name="Label-NZ" /> Nandrolone and its metabolites are [[excretion|excreted]] in the [[urine]], mainly in the form of conjugates.<ref name="Thomas2012" />

Although nandrolone decanoate is usually administered by intramuscular injection, it has been found to be similarly effective when administered by [[subcutaneous injection]].<ref name="pmid24684468">{{cite journal | vauthors = Singh GK, Turner L, Desai R, Jimenez M, Handelsman DJ | title = Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic study of subcutaneous injection of depot nandrolone decanoate using dried blood spots sampling coupled with ultrapressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assays | journal = The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism | volume = 99 | issue = 7 | pages = 2592–2598 | date = July 2014 | pmid = 24684468 | doi = 10.1210/jc.2014-1243 | doi-access = free }}</ref> The [[pharmacokinetics]] of nandrolone decanoate via subcutaneous injection closely resemble those of intramuscular injection.<ref name="pmid24684468" /> However, subcutaneous injection is considered to be easier, more convenient, and less painful compared to intramuscular injection.<ref name="pmid24684468" /> In addition, research suggests that most intramuscular injections in practice are in fact subcutaneous injections.<ref name="pmid24684468" />

{{Parenteral durations of androgens/anabolic steroids}}

{{Hormone levels with nandrolone esters by intramuscular injection}}

==Chemistry==
{{See also|Nandrolone#Chemistry|Androgen ester|List of androgen esters#Nandrolone esters}}

Nandrolone decanoate, or nandrolone 17β-decanoate, is a [[synthetic compound|synthetic]] [[estrane]] [[steroid]] and a [[chemical derivative|derivative]] of [[testosterone (medication)|testosterone]].<ref name="Elks2014" /><ref name="IndexNominum2000" /> It is an [[androgen ester]]; specifically, it is the C17β [[decanoate|decylate]] (decanoate) [[ester]] of [[nandrolone]] (19-nortestosterone), which itself is the 19-[[nor-|demethyl]]ated [[structural analog|analogue]] of testosterone.<ref name="Elks2014" /><ref name="IndexNominum2000" />

{{Structural properties of major anabolic steroid esters}}

==History==
Nandrolone decanoate was first described in the literature in 1960.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /> It was developed by [[Organon International|Organon]] and was introduced for medical use under the brand name Deca-Durabolin in 1962.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /><ref name="UnitedNations1983">{{cite book|title=Consolidated List of Products Whose Consumption And/or Sale Have Been Banned, Withdrawn, Severely Restricted Or Not Approved by Governments|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=leVCukUgNlsC&pg=PA153|year=1983|publisher=United Nations Publications|isbn=978-92-1-130230-1|pages=153–154}}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Shortly thereafter it became one of the most widely used AAS in the world.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /> Nandrolone decanoate was the second form of nandrolone to be introduced, having been preceded by nandrolone phenylpropionate in 1959.<ref name="UnitedNations1983" />

==Society and culture==

===Generic names===
''Nandrolone decanoate'' is the [[generic term|generic name]] of the drug and its {{abbrlink|USAN|United States Adopted Name}} and {{abbrlink|BAN|British Approved Name}}.<ref name="Elks2014" /><ref name="IndexNominum2000" /><ref name="MortonHall2012" /><ref name="Drugs.com" /> It has also been referred to as ''nandrolone decylate''.<ref name="Elks2014" /><ref name="IndexNominum2000" /><ref name="MortonHall2012" /><ref name="Drugs.com" />

===Brand names===
Nandrolone decanoate is or has been marketed under the brand names Deca-Durabolin, Deca-Durabol, Decaneurabol, Metadec, and Retabolil, among others.<ref name="Elks2014" /><ref name="IndexNominum2000" /><ref name="MortonHall2012" /><ref name="Drugs.com" />

===Availability===
Nandrolone decanoate is available widely throughout the world, including in the [[United Kingdom]], other [[Europe]]an countries, [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], [[Latin America]], [[Asia]], and elsewhere in the world.<ref name="IndexNominum2000" /><ref name="Drugs.com" /><ref name="Llewellyn2011" /><ref name="Sneader2005" /> It has been discontinued in [[United States]] and [[Canada]].<ref name="Drugs@FDA">{{cite web | title = Drugs@FDA: FDA Approved Drug Products | publisher = United States Food and Drug Administration | access-date = 17 December 2016 | url = https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/}}</ref><ref name="DPD@HealthCanada">{{cite web | title = Drug Product Database - Health Canada | date = 18 March 2010 | publisher = Health Canada | url = http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/prodpharma/databasdon/index-eng.php | access-date = 13 December 2017}}</ref> Its availability is becoming increasingly limited with time.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" />

===Legal status===
Nandrolone decanoate, along with other AAS, is a [[Controlled Substances Act#Schedule III controlled substances|schedule III]] [[controlled substance]] in the [[United States]] under the [[Controlled Substances Act]].<ref name="FFFLM2006">{{cite book| vauthors = Karch SB |title=Drug Abuse Handbook, Second Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZjrMBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA30|date=21 December 2006|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-4200-0346-8|pages=30–}}</ref>

==Research==
Nandrolone decanoate has been studied in the treatment of bone loss in men, but in contrast to [[testosterone ester]]s, was found to be ineffective.<ref name="HamdyMoore1998">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hamdy RC, Moore SW, Whalen KE, Landy C | title = Nandrolone decanoate for men with osteoporosis | journal = American Journal of Therapeutics | volume = 5 | issue = 2 | pages = 89–95 | date = March 1998 | pmid = 10099043 | doi = 10.1097/00045391-199803000-00006 | s2cid = 25222622 }}</ref><ref name="CrawfordLiu2003">{{cite journal | vauthors = Crawford BA, Liu PY, Kean MT, Bleasel JF, Handelsman DJ | title = Randomized placebo-controlled trial of androgen effects on muscle and bone in men requiring long-term systemic glucocorticoid treatment | journal = The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism | volume = 88 | issue = 7 | pages = 3167–3176 | date = July 2003 | pmid = 12843161 | doi = 10.1210/jc.2002-021827 | doi-access = free }}</ref>  In short-term (6- to 8-week) studies in healthy male bodybuilders, nandrolone decanoate did not alter bone mineral density.<ref name="LippiFranchini2011">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lippi G, Franchini M, Banfi G | title = Biochemistry and physiology of anabolic androgenic steroids doping | journal = Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry | volume = 11 | issue = 5 | pages = 362–373 | date = May 2011 | pmid = 21443514 | doi = 10.2174/138955711795445952 }}</ref><ref name="Van Marken LichtenbeltHartgens2004">{{cite journal | vauthors = van Marken Lichtenbelt WD, Hartgens F, Vollaard NB, Ebbing S, Kuipers H | title = Bodybuilders' body composition: effect of nandrolone decanoate | journal = Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise | volume = 36 | issue = 3 | pages = 484–489 | date = March 2004 | pmid = 15076791 | doi = 10.1249/01.MSS.0000117157.06455.B0 | doi-access = free | hdl = 1893/28179 | hdl-access = free }}</ref><ref name="HartgensVan Marken Lichtenbelt2004">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hartgens F, Van Marken Lichtenbelt WD, Ebbing S, Vollaard N, Rietjens G, Kuipers H | title = Body composition and anthropometry in bodybuilders: regional changes due to nandrolone decanoate administration | journal = International Journal of Sports Medicine | volume = 22 | issue = 3 | pages = 235–241 | date = April 2001 | pmid = 11354529 | doi = 10.1055/s-2001-18679 | s2cid = 260193226 }}</ref> However, the short duration of these studies limits conclusions on the influence of nandrolone decanoate on bone in men.<ref name="Van Marken LichtenbeltHartgens2004" /><ref name="HartgensVan Marken Lichtenbelt2004" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Geusens P | title = Nandrolone decanoate: pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in osteoporosis | journal = Clinical Rheumatology | volume = 14 | issue = Suppl 3 | pages = 32–39 | date = September 1995 | pmid = 8846659 | doi = 10.1007/bf02210686 | s2cid = 24365057 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kicman AT | title = Pharmacology of anabolic steroids | journal = British Journal of Pharmacology | volume = 154 | issue = 3 | pages = 502–521 | date = June 2008 | pmid = 18500378 | pmc = 2439524 | doi = 10.1038/bjp.2008.165 }}
* {{cite book | vauthors = Hemmersbach P, Grosse J | chapter = Nandrolone: A Multi-Faceted Doping Agent | title = Doping in Sports | series = Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology | volume = 195 | issue = 195 | pages = 127–154 | date = 2010 | publisher = Springer | pmid = 20020363 | doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-79088-4_6 | isbn = 978-3-540-79087-7 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Velema MS, Kwa BH, de Ronde W | title = Should androgenic anabolic steroids be considered in the treatment regime of selected chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients? | journal = Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine | volume = 18 | issue = 2 | pages = 118–124 | date = March 2012 | pmid = 22189453 | doi = 10.1097/MCP.0b013e32834e9001 | s2cid = 6155275 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Busardò FP, Frati P, Sanzo MD, Napoletano S, Pinchi E, Zaami S, Fineschi V | title = The impact of nandrolone decanoate on the central nervous system | journal = Current Neuropharmacology | volume = 13 | issue = 1 | pages = 122–131 | date = January 2015 | pmid = 26074747 | pmc = 4462037 | doi = 10.2174/1570159X13666141210225822 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Wu C, Kovac JR | title = Novel Uses for the Anabolic Androgenic Steroids Nandrolone and Oxandrolone in the Management of Male Health | journal = Current Urology Reports | volume = 17 | issue = 10 | pages = 72 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27535042 | doi = 10.1007/s11934-016-0629-8 | s2cid = 43199715 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Pan MM, Kovac JR | title = Beyond testosterone cypionate: evidence behind the use of nandrolone in male health and wellness | journal = Translational Andrology and Urology | volume = 5 | issue = 2 | pages = 213–219 | date = April 2016 | pmid = 27141449 | pmc = 4837307 | doi = 10.21037/tau.2016.03.03 | doi-access = free }}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20161229221316/http://anabolic.org/deca-durabolin-nandrolone-decanoate/ Deca-Durabolin (nandrolone decanoate) - William Llewellyn's Anabolic.org]

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