View source for Nakajima Fugaku

{{short description|Planned Japanese ultra-long-range heavy bomber designed during World War II}}
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
{{Infobox aircraft
| name = ''Fugaku''
| image = Nakajima G10N Fugaku (YB-49-model 001 cropped).jpg
| caption = Model of a ''Fugaku''
| type = Ultra-long-range [[heavy bomber]]
| manufacturer = [[Nakajima Aircraft Company]]
| designer = 
| first_flight =
| introduction = 
| retired = 
| status = Project (cancelled)
| primary_user = [[Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service]]
| more_users = 
| produced = 
| number_built = none
| unit cost = 
| variants = 
}}

The '''Nakajima {{nihongo|''Fugaku''|富嶽|[[Mount Fuji]]}}''' was a planned [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]] ultra-long-range [[heavy bomber]] designed during [[World War II]]. It was conceived as a method for mounting aerial attacks from Japan against industrial targets along the [[West Coast of the United States|west coast]] (e.g., [[San Francisco]]) and in the [[Midwestern United States|Midwest]] (e.g., [[Detroit]], [[Milwaukee]], [[Chicago]], and [[Wichita, Kansas|Wichita]]) and the [[Northeastern United States|northeast]] (e.g., [[New York City]] and [[Norfolk, Virginia|Norfolk]]) of the [[United States]]. Japan's worsening war situation resulted in the project's cancellation in 1944 and no [[prototype]] was ever built.<ref name="Dyer">{{cite book|last=Dyer|first=Edwin M. III|title=Japanese Secret Projects:Experimental aircraft of the IJA and IJN 1939–1945|publisher=Midland publishing|location=Hinkley|year=2009|edition=1st|pages=108–111|isbn=978-1-85780-317-4}}</ref>

The G10N designation is a post-war extrapolation from the [[Japanese military aircraft designation systems|Japanese naming system]] and is sometimes still used incorrectly.

==Design and development==
{{See also|Project Z (bomber project)|}}

The ''Fugaku'' had its origins in "[[Project Z (bomber project)]]", a 1942 [[Imperial Japanese Army]] specification for an intercontinental bomber which could take off from the [[Kuril Islands]], bomb the [[contiguous United States]], then continue onward to land in [[German-occupied France]]. Once there, it would be refueled and rearmed and make another return sortie.<ref name="Dyer"/><ref name="Francillon1979p493">{{Harvnb|Francillon|1979|p=493.}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Horn|2005|p=265.}}</ref>

Project Z called for three variations on the airframe: heavy bomber, transport (capable of carrying 300 troops), and a gunship armed with forty downward-firing [[machine gun]]s in the [[fuselage]] for intense [[Ground-attack aircraft|ground attack]]s at the rate of 640 rounds per second (i.e. 38,400 rounds per minute).<ref name="Dyer"/>

The project was conceived by [[Nakajima Aircraft Company]] head [[Chikuhei Nakajima]].  The design had straight wings and [[Contra-rotating propellers|contra-rotating]] four-blade propellers.  To save weight, some of the [[landing gear]] was to be jettisoned after takeoff (being unnecessary on landing with emptied bomb load), as had been planned on some of the more developed German ''[[Amerika Bomber]]'' competing designs.  It used six engines,<ref name="Dyer"/> as with the later ''Amerikabomber'' design competitors, to compensate for nearly all German aircraft engines being limited to 1,500&nbsp;kW (2,000&nbsp;hp) maximum output levels apiece.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Griehl |first1=Manfred |last2=Dressel |first2=Joachim |title=Heinkel He 177 - 277 - 274 |year=1998 |publisher=Airlife Publishing |location=Shrewsbury, UK |isbn=1-85310-364-0 |page=188 }}</ref>

Development was initiated in January 1943 and a design and manufacturing facility built in [[Mitaka, Tokyo]].  Nakajima's 4-row 36-cylinder 5,000&nbsp;hp Ha-54 (Ha-505) engine was abandoned as too complex.{{Cn|date=January 2021}}

Project Z was cancelled in July 1944, and the ''Fugaku'' was never built.<ref name="Dyer"/>

==Operators (planned)==
;{{flagcountry|Empire of Japan}}
*[[Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service]] – (''Fugaku'')
*[[Imperial Japanese Army Air Force]] – (Project Z)

==Specifications (Project Z / ''Fugaku'' projected)==
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=''Japanese Secret Projects:Experimental aircraft of the IJA and IJN 1939–1945''<ref name="Dyer"/>
|prime units?=met
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|crew=6 to 10{{efn|
'''Fugaku:''' 7 to 8}}
|length m=44.98
|length note={{efn|
'''Fugaku:''' {{convert|39.98|m|ft|abbr=on|0}}}}
|span m=64.98
|span note={{efn|'''Fugaku:''' {{convert|62.97|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} }}
|height m=8.77
|wing area sqm=352.01
|wing area note={{efn|
'''Fugaku:''' {{convert|330|m2|sqft|abbr=on|2}} }}
|aspect ratio=12.1
|empty weight kg=65,000
|empty weight note={{efn|
'''Fugaku:''' {{convert|33,800|kg|lb|abbr=on|2}} }}
|gross weight kg=122,000
|gross weight note={{efn|
'''Fugaku:''' {{convert|42,000|kg|lb|abbr=on|2}} }}
|max takeoff weight kg=160,000
|max takeoff weight note={{efn|'''Fugaku:''' {{convert|70,000|kg|lb|abbr=on|2}} }}
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=6
|eng1 name=[[Nakajima Ha-54]]
|eng1 type=36-cyl. air-cooled radial piston engines
|eng1 hp=5,000<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 note=at take-off{{efn|
'''Fugaku:''' 6x [[Nakajima Ha219|Nakajima NK11A]] 18-cyl. air-cooled radial piston engines developing {{convert|2,500|hp|kW|abbr=on|0}} at take-off}}

|prop blade number=6<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop name=contra-rotating constant speed propellers
|prop dia m=4.5<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia note={{efn|
'''Fugaku:''' 4-bladed constant speed propellers {{convert|4.8|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} diameter }}
<!--
        Performance
-->
|max speed kmh=679
|max speed note=at {{convert|10,000|m|ft|abbr=on|0}}{{efn|'''Fugaku:''' {{convert|779|km/h|mph|abbr=on|0}} at {{convert|10,000|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} }}
|max speed mach=<!-- supersonic aircraft -->
|range km=17,999
|range note=maximum{{efn|'''Fugaku:''' {{convert|19,400|km|mi|abbr=on|0}}}}
|ceiling m=15,000
|wing loading kg/m2=456.99
|wing loading note={{efn|
'''Fugaku:''' 211.89 m<sup>2</sup> (43.4 lb/ft<sup>2</sup>}}
|power/mass= 0.103 kW/kg (0.063 hp/lb){{efn|'''Fugaku:''' 0.118 kW/kg (0.07 hp/lb)}}
;
<!--
        Armament
-->
|guns= 4× 20mm [[Type 99 cannon]]
|bombs= {{convert|20,000|kg|lb|abbr=on|0}} of bombs
}}

{{notelist}}

==See also==
{{aircontent|
|related=
|similar aircraft=
* [[Amerika Bomber]]
* [[Convair B-36]]
* [[Focke-Wulf Ta 400]]
* [[Heinkel He 277]]
* [[Junkers Ju 390]]
* [[Messerschmitt Me 264]]
* [[Nakajima G8N]]
* [[Northrop YB-35]]
* [[Victory Bomber]]
|lists=
|see also=
}}

==References==

===Notes===
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
* {{cite book|last=Dyer|first=Edwin M. III|title=Japanese Secret Projects:Experimental aircraft of the IJA and IJN 1939–1945|publisher=Midland publishing|location=Hinkley|year=2009|edition=1st|pages=108–111|isbn=978-1-85780-317-4}}
* {{cite book |last=Francillon |first=René J. |title=Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War |location=London |publisher=Putnam & Company Ltd |edition=2nd |year=1979 |isbn=0-370-30251-6}}
* {{cite book | last=Horn | first=Steve | title=The second attack on Pearl Harbor : Operation K and other Japanese attempts to bomb America in World War II | publisher=Naval Institute Press | publication-place=Annapolis, Md | year=2005 | isbn=978-1-59114-388-8 | oclc=60669052}}
* Idei, Tadaaki. ''Hikōki Mechanism Zukan''. Tokyo: Guranpuri Shuppan, 1985.
* Ogawa, Toshihiko. ''Nihon Kōkūki Daizukan, 1910–1945''. Tokyo: Kokushokankōkai, 1993.

==External links==
* [http://www.j-aircraft.org/xplanes/hikoki_files/g10.htm The Nakajima G10N1 Fugaku]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051220014438/http://www.samoloty.ow.pl/str042.htm Nakajima G10N "Fugaku"] (in Polish)

{{Nakajima aircraft}}
{{Japanese Navy short aircraft designations}}
{{Imperial Japanese Navy official aircraft names}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nakajima Fugaku}}
[[Category:1940s Japanese bomber aircraft|Fugaku, Nakajima]]
[[Category:Abandoned military aircraft projects of Japan]]
[[Category:Aircraft with jettisonable landing gear]]
[[Category:Nakajima aircraft|Fugaku]]