View source for Nagara (drum)

{{Short description|Musical instrument}}
{{for multi|the cylindrical drum played with sticks|Davul|the semi-spherical drum played with sticks|Naqareh}}
{{Italic title}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=April 2021}}

{{Infobox instrument
|name=Nagara
|names=Naghara
|image=Зурна гоша нагара нагара.jpg
|caption=Ghosha Nagara (top) with [[zurna]] and Qoltuq nagara
|classification=[[Percussion instrument]]
|range= Rope tensioned
}}

The '''''nagara''''' or ''naghara'' is a drum used in India. There are several types of naghara, which is considered to be the lead instrument in mandir ceremonies and weddings. These are typically two drums, one treble and one bass and are played with sticks.

In Sikh traditions, the naghara is used as a large singular ceremonial drum in Gatka performances and was used historically in battle.

In Central Asia and the Middle East, the naghara is considered to be only one drum and differs in size and goes by various names such as "[[boyuk nagara]]" (big naghara), "[[cura nagara]]" (small naghara), "chiling naghara" (played with drum sticks), "[[Qoltuq nagara]]" (drum held under the arm), gosha naghara ([[Naqareh]]) and "el naghara" (hand naghara).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://atlas.musigi-dunya.az/en/percussion.html|title=Atlas of traditional music of Azerbaijan|website=Atlas.musigi-dunya.az|access-date=19 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://portal.edu.az/lessons/other/Uzeyir_Hacibeyov/dikt166.html |title=Uzeyir Hajibeyov |access-date=2016-10-10 |archive-date=2016-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011140606/http://portal.edu.az/lessons/other/Uzeyir_Hacibeyov/dikt166.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
[[File:Natig rythm group at the Novruz holiday concert.jpg|thumb|250px|left|[[Qoltuq nagara]] in [[Azerbaijan]]]]

''''''Nagada''' (Indian Drum)''' is a [[percussion]] instrument used for its rhythmic sounds.{{citation needed|date=September 2012}}. Nakara is a festival instrument mostly used in South [[India]]n [[Hindu temple]]s. The size may vary and this instrument may be kept near the entrance of the South Indian Hindu temples.<ref>Anthony C. Baines. The Oxford Companion to Musical Instruments. ed. 10, Oxford University Press, 1992. p.775</ref>

==Temple musical instrument==

Nagada is played even now in chosen Hindu temples in [[Tamil Nadu]]. The temple musical instruments are termed as Kethu or jalliry or jalli instruments ([[Tamil Language]]: கெத்து வாத்தியம், "ஜல்லிரி', "ஜல்லி'). Mostly the temple staff operate this musical instrument.<ref>[http://www.thinakaran.lk/2010/03/01/_art.asp?fn=d1002283 அருகிவிட்ட இசையின் கருவறைகள்]</ref> It is learned that about 18 musical instruments (Ashta dasa) were being played during regular pooja times, special occasions like [[consecration]], temple fairs and festivals and during procession timings i.e., car procession, float festival and [[Palanquin|palanquin festival]] processions. These instruments were most popular during eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Nakara (Indian drum) is one among them. It is the variant of [[Murasu]] instrument. In famous temples this pair of musical instrument is either tied on the back of a bull or an elephant and the animal taken before the procession. Beating the instrument would communicate people that the temple procession is following.<ref>[https://groups.google.com/group/mintamil/msg/112b10df21e42933?hl=hu மறையும் மரபு: கேட்கக் கூடலையே கெத்து வாத்தியம்!]</ref>

==Components of nakara==

Nakara (pair of Indian drums) is the skin-covered hand drum used in south Indian temple rituals and ceremonies. The bottom portion of Nakara is made with half spherical metal vessel. Most probably the metallic component employed for Nakara would be either [[brass]] or [[copper]] metal. The instrument may use either [[Goatskin (material)|goatskin]] or similar skin for the membrane. The membrane would be attached with the metal vessel either with cords or metal strips. The instrument will raise thunder-like sound when played by beating with the help of special beaters or bent sticks. The purpose of playing Nakara is to communicate with the public by beating the rhythmic sound.<ref>[http://www.keetru.com/info_box/general/music.php இசையின் கருவறைகள்]</ref>

{{clear left}}

==See also==
*[[Naqareh]]
*[[Kudum]]
*[[Dhol]]
*[[Tassa]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080202222935/http://www.discoverturkey.com/english/kultursanat/b-h-nagara.html T.C. Kultur Bakanligi / Ministry of Culture, Republic of Turkey]
*[http://azeri.org/Azeri/az_latin/manuscripts/music_therapy/english/113_music_therapy_farid.html 11.3 Music Therapy - What Doctors Knew Centuries Ago by Farid Alakbarov]
*[http://world-beats.com/instruments/dhol.htm Drums, Percussion & unique Instruments - World Beats -]
*[https://www.nasehpour.com/naghara-azerbaijani-cylindrical-drum page for the Naghara at nasehpour website]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2DXxfLNQMo Youtube Video - Baraban from Circassia]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TpwNrP_lG8k&NR=1 Youtube Video - Baraban from Dagestan]

{{Musical instruments of Nepal}}
{{Turkish musical instruments}}
{{Azerbaijani musical instruments}}
{{Musical instruments of Georgia (country)}}

[[Category:Drums]]
[[Category:Hand drums]]
[[Category:Asian percussion instruments]]
[[Category:Turkish musical instruments]]
[[Category:Music of Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:Music of Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Azerbaijani musical instruments]]
[[Category:Persian musical instruments]]
[[Category:Dagestanian musical instruments]]
[[Category:Musical instruments of Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Turkmen musical instruments]]
[[Category:Drums of Nepal]]