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{{Short description|Cossack whip}}
[[File:Nagyka 3.jpg|thumb|350px|Nagaika]]
The '''nagaika''',<ref>{{Merriam-Webster|Nagaika}} {{OED|Nagaika}}</ref> sometimes '''nagyka''' ({{langx|ru|нага́йка}}, {{IPA|ru|nɐˈɡajkə|pron}}) is a short, thick [[whip]] with round cross-section used by [[Cossacks]], borrowed from the [[Nogai people]], hence the original name "nogaika", or "Nogai's whip".<ref>{{efron|wstitle=Нагайка}}</ref> It is also called камча, '''kamcha''' from the [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] word "kamci" for "whip". The latter word is also used for short whips of [[Central Asia]]n origin.
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==Description==
The nagaika was made out of leather strips by [[braiding]]. It was possible to have a piece of metal at the tip of the whip. A short loop is attached to the handle so that the nagayka would hang from the arm when the grip is released or lost.

The main purpose of a nagaika was to urge a horse to move forward or to gallop. A metal piece was traditionally used as a defense against [[Gray wolf|wolves]]. According to [[Vladimir Dahl]]'s "[[Explanatory Dictionary of the Live Great Russian language]]", this nagayka was called ''volkoboy'' (волкобой, "wolf-slayer").

In modern times the descriptions of the military use of nagaika tend to be mythologized. As in the past, the prime and predominant use was to control or drive a horse.<ref>[http://nagajka.com/o-sovremennoj-nagajke-i-ee-istorii/ "О современной нагайке и ее истории"] "About the modern nagaika and its history"</ref> At the same time the nagaika was known to be used against unarmed people, e.g. for [[corporal punishment]] or to disperse public disorders<ref name="google">{{cite book|title=Joseph Stalin: Man and Legend|author=Hingley, R.|date=1994|publisher=Smithmark|isbn=9780831758691|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7gzYAAAAMAAJ|page=27 ("nagayka") |access-date=2015-07-07}}</ref> (e.g., during [[Russian Revolutions]]),<ref>''[[The Living Age]],'' July 26, 1902, [https://books.google.com/books?id=gTzWAAAAMAAJ "The Russian Awakening"]</ref> so that a mounted cossack using a nagayka against worker or student demonstrators become a symbol of tsarist oppression. 

In 2005 the [[Registered Cossacks of the Russian Federation|Cossacks]] were reformed and armed with nagaikas in addition to other traditional weapons.{{cn|date=February 2025}}

In 2014, members of [[Pussy Riot]] were attacked by Cossacks wielding nagaikas and [[pepper spray]] while protesting.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/olympics/whip-wielding-russian-cossacks-attack-pussy-riot-members-near-sochi-olympics/2014/02/19/5ae278a2-9979-11e3-b931-0204122c514b_story.html|title=Whip-wielding Russian Cossacks attack Pussy Riot members near Sochi Olympics|last1=Lally|first1=Kathy|date=19 February 2014|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=27 September 2015|quote="Members of the performance-art group Pussy Riot were attacked on a public plaza Wednesday by Cossacks brandishing whips and discharging pepper spray, a day after police picked them up and held them for nearly four hours without charges."}}</ref>

==Russian Imperial Army nagaika==
Below is an official regulation of the [[Imperial Russian Army]] for the nagaikas of the Cossack troops from a 1911 book.<ref>[https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/01003785873 Руководство к постройке обмундирования и снаряжения для нижних чинов всех казачьих войск], 1911, ''[[Russian State Library]]''</ref>

{{bquote|
The nagaika (whip) for all Cossack troops, except for the Caucasian ones, consists of: a) a braid, b) a wooden handle, c) a strap braided around the handle, d) a loop for putting on the hand.
}}
{{bquote|
The braid is made from two rawhide belts, about 1/2 vershok (22 mm) wide, cut into narrow strips, braiding them together to form a braid 1/4 vershok (11 mm) in diameter. The uncut ends of these belts, folded together, serve to attach the braid to the handle with a rawhide strap, about 1/8 vershok (5.5 mm) thick and of such a length that, having tied the braid to the handle with 9 turns, it would have a free end sufficient for winding the entire handle up to the loop put on the hand. The handle is birch, or some other hard wood, is made ¼ vershok thick and about 10 vershok (44 cm) long. At the opposite end of the handle, at 11/2 vershok, (66 mm) from the end, a rawhide strap, about 1/8 versh. (5-6 mm) wide and about 8 versh. (35-36 cm) long, is passed through a hole drilled in the wood, the ends of which are tied and form a loop for putting on the rider's arm. A rawhide shoulder strap, about 2 arshins 8 versh. (178 cm) long and 3/16-1/4 versh. (8-11 mm) wide, is fastened at one end, by means of a cut made in it, to the loop put on the arm; the other end of the strap is folded in half and tied to the strap with a flat knot, at a distance of 6 versh. (26 cm), from the other end tied to the handle, thus forming a loop about 1 arshin (71 cm) long, which is put on the rider's shoulder.
}}

==Gallery==
{{Gallery
| File:Orenburg cossack.jpg
 | [[Orenburg Cossacks|Orenburg Cossack]] with a whip in his hand
| File:Russian-Cossacks-on-March.jpg
 | [[Ural Cossacks]] on the march. Some riders have nagaikas visible
| File:Калмыцкие плети - маля и ташмг.jpg
 | [[Kalmyks|Kalmyk]] lashes "malia" and "tashmg"
| File:Разновидность калмыцкой нагайки.jpg
 | A kind of Kalmyk nagaika with a uniformly tightly woven, almost unbending leather whip without tapering to the tip
| File:Нагайка кубанская.jpg
 | Nagaika of the [[Kuban Cossacks|Kuban]] and [[Terek Cossacks]]
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
* [[Horsewhip (disambiguation)]]

==External links==
*[http://www.scarb.ru/nagaika.htm "Nagayka"], construction and technique (an excerpt from the book Г. Э. Адамович, Р. И. Федин "[http://www.krivich.com/news/arm.php Владение холодным оружием (казачьи техники)]") {{in lang|ru}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110208224536/http://fstanitsa.ru/content/nagaika-donskoi-tip-kamcha "Вольная станица"] design and kinds {{in lang|ru}}

{{commons category|Nagyka}}

[[Category:Whips]]
[[Category:Cossack culture]]