View source for NGC 4559

{{Short description|Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenicies}}
{{Sky|12|35|57.6285|+|27|57|35.851}}
{{Infobox Galaxy
| name = [[New General Catalogue|NGC]] 4559
| image = NGC4559 - SDSS DR14 (panorama).jpg
| caption = NGC 4559 imaged by the [[Sloan Digital Sky Survey]]
| epoch = [[J2000]]
| type = SAB(rs)cd<ref name="ned">{{cite web
  | website=NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database
  | publisher = [[NASA]] and [[California Institute of Technology|Caltech]]
  | title=Results for object NGC 4559
  | url=https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/byname?objname=NGC+4559
  | access-date=2020-12-21}}</ref>
| ra = {{RA|12|35|57.6285}}<ref name="ned" />
| dec = {{DEC|+27|57|35.851}}<ref name="ned" />
| dist_ly = {{convert|7.530 ± 0.483|Mpc|Mly|abbr=on|lk=on|order=flip}}{{r|ned}}
| z = {{val|0.002715|0.000002}}{{r|ned}}
| h_radial_v = 814 ± 1 km/[[second|s]]<ref name="ned" />
| appmag_v = 10.4<ref name="ned" />
| size = ~{{convert|28.48|kpc|ly|abbr=on|lk=on|order=flip}} (estimated){{r|ned}}
| size_v = {{Val|10.7|×|4.4|u=arcminute}}{{r|ned}}
| constellation name = [[Coma Berenices]]
| notes = 
| names = {{odlist | IRAS= 12334+2814 | MCG= +05-30-030 | CGCG= 159-024 | UGC= 7766 | PGC= 42002 | C= 36 | name2= HOLM 423A}}<ref name="ned" />
}}

'''NGC 4559''' (also known as '''Caldwell 36''') is an [[intermediate spiral galaxy]] with a weak inner ring structure in the [[constellation]] [[Coma Berenices]]. Its velocity with respect to the [[cosmic microwave background]] is {{val|1096|20|u=km/s|fmt=commas}}, which corresponds to a [[Hubble's law|Hubble distance]] of {{convert|16.17 ± 1.17|Mpc|Mly|abbr=on|lk=on|order=flip}}.{{r|ned}} However, 26 ''non-redshift'' measurements give a much closer distance of {{convert|7.530 ± 0.483|Mpc|Mly|abbr=on|lk=off|order=flip}}.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/nDistance?name=NGC+4559 | title = Distance Results for NGC 4559 | website = NASA/IPAC EXTRAGALACTIC DATABASE | publisher = [[NASA]] | access-date = 13 June 2025}}</ref> It was discovered by German-British astronomer [[William Herschel]] on 11 April 1785.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Herschel |first=W. |date=1786 |title=Catalogue of One Thousand New Nebulae and Clusters of Stars |journal=[[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London]] |volume=76 |pages=457–499 |bibcode=1786RSPT...76..457H |doi=10.1098/rstl.1786.0027 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1432282/files/article.pdf |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="seg">{{cite web | url = https://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc45a.htm#4559 | title = NGC 4559 | last = Seligman | first = Courtney | website = Celestial Atlas | access-date = 15 August 2024 }}</ref>

NGC 4559 is a member of the [[Coma I Group]].<ref>{{Cite journal
|last=Sandage|first=A.
|last2=Tammann|first2=G.A.
|date=1975
|title=Steps toward the Hubble constant. V - The Hubble constant from nearby galaxies and the regularity of the local velocity field
|bibcode=1975ApJ...196..313S
|journal=The Astrophysical Journal
|language=en
|volume=196
|pages=313–328
|doi=10.1086/153413
|issn=0004-637X|doi-access=free
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
|last=Gregory |first=S.A.
|last2=Thompson|first2=L. A.
|date=1977
|title=The Coma I Galaxy Cloud <!--title checked as correct. It is I not i.-->
|bibcode=1977ApJ...213..345G
|journal=The Astrophysical Journal
|language=en
|volume=213
|pages=345–350
|doi=10.1086/155160
|issn=0004-637X}}</ref>

== Supernova ==
One [[supernova]] has been recorded in NGC 4559: '''SN 1941A''' ([[Type II supernova|Type II-L]], mag. 13.2)<ref>{{cite web | website=Transient Name Server | title=SN 1941A | url=https://www.wis-.tns.org/object/1941A |publisher = [[International_Astronomical_Union|IAU]] | access-date=14 August 2024}}</ref> was discovered by Rebecca Jones on 24 February 1941, and after checking previous photographs of the galaxy, it was determined that the supernova was visible starting 5 February 1941.<ref>{{cite web
	| url = http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/IAUCs/IAUC0861.jpg
	| title = Circular No. 861
	| last = Elis
	| first = Stromgren
	| date = 24 April 1941
	| website = Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams
	| publisher = Observatory Copenhagen
	| access-date = 27 November 2024
}}</ref>

== Luminous Blue Variable ==
NGC 4559 is home to the [[luminous blue variable]] '''AT{{nbsp}}2016blu''' (also known as '''PSN{{nbsp}}J12355230+2755559''', or as '''NGC{{nbsp}}4559OT'''). It was discovered by the [[Lick Observatory]] Supernova Search (LOSS) on 11 January 2012.<ref>{{cite journal|bibcode=2012CBET.2976....1K |title=PSN J12355230+2755559 in NGC 4559 |last1=Kandrashoff |first1=M. |last2=Cenko |first2=S. B. |last3=Li |first3=W. |last4=Filippenko |first4=A. V. |last5=Guerrini |first5=G. |last6=Rosi |first6=P. |last7=Tinjaca Ramirez |first7=L. M. |last8=Pastorello |first8=A. |last9=Cappellaro |first9=E. |last10=Benetti |first10=S. |last11=Harutunyan |first11=A. |last12=Vinko |first12=J. |last13=Marion |first13=G. H. |last14=Wheeler |first14=J. C. |journal=Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams |date=2012 |issue=2976 |page=1 | url=http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iau/cbet/002900/CBET002976.txt}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | website=Transient Name Server | title=SN{{nbsp}}2016blu | url=https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2016blu | publisher = [[International Astronomical Union|IAU]] | access-date=13 June 2025}}</ref> It experiences repeated supernova-like outbursts: first when discovered, then again in 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2024, and 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2012/lbvn4559.html|title=LBV 2016blu in NGC 4559|date=6 July 2021|access-date=9 August 2021|first=David|last=Bishop|website=rochesterastronomy.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|arxiv=2212.09708 |last1=Aghakhanloo |first1=Mojgan |last2=Smith |first2=Nathan |last3=Milne |first3=Peter |last4=Andrews |first4=Jennifer E. |last5=Van Dyk |first5=Schuyler D. |last6=Filippenko |first6=Alexei V. |last7=Jencson |first7=Jacob E. |last8=Lau |first8=Ryan M. |last9=Sand |first9=David J. |last10=Wyatt |first10=Samuel |last11=Zheng |first11=WeiKang |title=Recurring outbursts of the supernova impostor AT 2016blu in NGC 4559 |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |date=2022 |volume=526 |issue=1 |page=456 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stad2702 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023MNRAS.526..456A }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Messier 99]] – ''a similar spiral galaxy''
* [[List of NGC objects (4001–5000)]]

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:NGC 4559 hst 09042 R814B450.png|[[Hubble Space Telescope]] showing the inner structure
File:IC 3550 Hubble.jpg|Hubble image of [[IC 3550]], located in NGC 4559.
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{commonscat-inline}}
{{WikiSky}}

{{Caldwell catalogue}}
{{Ngc50}}
{{Coma Berenices}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:NGC 4559}}
[[Category:Intermediate spiral galaxies]]
[[Category:Coma Berenices]]
[[Category:NGC objects|4559]]
[[Category:UGC objects|07766]]
[[Category:Principal Galaxies Catalogue objects|042002]]
[[Category:Caldwell objects|036b]]
[[Category:Coma I Group]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1785|17850411]]
[[Category:Discoveries by William Herschel]]
[[Category:MCG objects|+05-30-030]]
[[Category:IRAS catalogue objects|12334+2814]]