View source for NGC 4536

{{Short description|Spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo}}
{{Infobox Galaxy
| name = [[New General Catalogue|NGC]] 4536
| image = N4536s-crop.jpg
| caption = NGC 4536 imaged by the [[Mount Lemmon Observatory|Mount Lemmon Skycenter]]
| credit= 
| epoch = [[J2000]]
| type = SAB(rs)bc<ref name="ButaTurner1983"/>
| ra = {{RA|12|34|27.129}}<ref name="ApJ131_1163"/>
| dec = {{DEC|+02|11|16.37}}<ref name="ApJ131_1163"/>
| dist_ly = {{nowrap|[[1 E23 m|48.7 ± 0.9]] [[light-year|Mly]]}} {{nowrap|(14.9 ± 0.3 [[parsec|Mpc]])}}<ref name="jensenetal2003"/>
| z = {{nowrap|0.006031 ± 0.000003}}<ref name="Grogin1998"/>
| h_radial_v =  1808 ± 1<ref name="Falco1999"/> [[km/s]]
| appmag_v = 11.1<ref name="ned" />
| size_v =  7.6{{prime}} × 3.2{{prime}}<ref name="ned" />
| size = ~{{convert|33.17|kpc|ly|abbr=on|lk=on|order=flip}} (estimated)<ref name ="ned" />
| constellation name = [[Virgo (constellation)|Virgo]]
| notes = 
| names = {{odlist | UGC= 7732 | PGC= 41823 | CGCG= 014-068 | MCG= +00-32-023 | IRAS 12318+0227}}<ref name="ned" />
}}

'''NGC 4536''' is an [[intermediate spiral galaxy]] in the [[constellation]] [[Virgo (constellation)|Virgo]]. It was discovered  by [[Germany|German-British]] astronomer [[William Herschel]] on 24 January 1784.<ref name="selig">{{cite web | url = https://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc45.htm#4536 | title = New General Catalogue Objects: NGC{{nbsp}}4536 | last = Seligman | first = Courtney | website = Celestial Atlas | access-date = 25 November 2024}}</ref>

NGC 4536 is located about 10° south of the midpoint of the [[Virgo cluster]]. However, it is not considered a member of the cluster.<ref name="ButaTurner1983" /> Rather, it is a member of the [[M61 Group]] of galaxies, which is a member of the [[Virgo II Groups]], a series of galaxies and [[galaxy cluster]]s strung out from the southern edge of the [[Virgo Supercluster]].<ref name="atlas universe">{{cite web | title=The Virgo III Groups |work=Atlas of the Universe |url=http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/galgrps/viriii.html |access-date=2010-11-27 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Fouqué|first1=P.|last2=Solanes|first2=J. M.|last3=Sanchis|first3=T.|last4=Balkowski|first4=C.|date=2001-09-01|title=Structure, mass and distance of the Virgo cluster from a Tolman-Bondi model|journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics|language=en|volume=375|issue=3|pages=770–780|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20010833|issn=0004-6361|arxiv=astro-ph/0106261|bibcode=2001A&A...375..770F|s2cid=10468717}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/galgrps/virii.html|title=The Virgo II Groups|website=www.atlasoftheuniverse.com|access-date=2018-04-13}}</ref> The [[Galaxy morphological classification|morphological classification]] in the De Vaucouleurs system is SAB(rs)bc, which indicates it is a weakly barred spiral galaxy with a hint of an inner ring structure plus moderate to loosely wound arms.<ref name="ButaTurner1983"/> It does not have a [[Bulge (astronomy)|classical bulge]] around the nucleus.<ref name="McAlpine2011"/>

NGC 4536 has the optical characteristics of an [[HII galaxy]], which means it is undergoing a strong burst of star formation.<ref name="McAlpine2011"/> This is occurring prominently in the ring that surrounds the bar and nucleus.<ref name="Davies1997"/> Based upon the level of [[X-ray astronomy|X-ray]] emission from the core, it may have a small [[supermassive black hole]] with 10<sup>4</sup>–10<sup>6</sup> times the [[Solar mass|mass of the Sun]].<ref name="McAlpine2011"/>

One [[supernova]] has been observed in NGC 4536: SN{{nbsp}}1981B ([[type Ia supernova|type{{nbsp}}Ia]], mag. 12.3) was discovered by Dmitry Tsvetkov on 2 March 1981, located 51 [[arcsecond]]s to the northeast of the [[Galactic Center]].<ref>{{cite journal | bibcode=1981IAUC.3580....1A| title=Supernova in NGC 4536| last1=Aksenov| first1=E. P.| journal=International Astronomical Union Circular| date=1981| issue=3580| page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | website=Transient Name Server | title=SN{{nbsp}}1981B | url=https://www.wis-tns.org/object/1981B | publisher = [[International_Astronomical_Union|IAU]] | access-date=4 December 2024}}</ref> It reached a peak [[visual magnitude]] of 12 on March 8 before steadily fading from view over the next two months.<ref name="ButaTurner1983"/>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Starbursts in Virgo.jpg|Detail of a region of extremely rapid star formation in this "[[starburst galaxy]]".<ref>{{cite web|title=Starbursts in Virgo|url=https://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1715a/|website=www.spacetelescope.org|access-date=10 April 2017}}</ref>
NGC4536 - SDSS DR14.jpg|[[Sloan Digital Sky Survey|SDSS]] image of NGC 4536
NGC 4536SST.jpg|NGC 4536 by [[Spitzer Space Telescope]]
NGC 4536 I FUV g2006.jpg|NGC 4536 by [[GALEX]] ([[ultraviolet]])
Hubble NGC4536 mosaic 3 flat newcont FINAL (FULL RES).jpg|NGC 4536 imaged by the [[Hubble Space Telescope]]
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[NGC 6946]] - ''a similar spiral galaxy''
* [[NGC 1365]] - ''A similar-looking galaxy''
* [[List of NGC objects (4001–5000)]]

==References==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="ButaTurner1983">{{Citation
 | last1     = Buta
 | first1    = R. J.
 | last2     = Turner
 | first2    = A.
 | title     = The photometric properties of the bright Type I supernova 1981b in NGC 4536
 | journal   = Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
 | volume    = 95
 | pages     = 72–78
 |date=January 1983
 | doi       = 10.1086/131120
 | bibcode   = 1983PASP...95...72B
 | postscript= .
| doi-access= free
 }}</ref>

<ref name="ApJ131_1163">{{cite journal |doi=10.1086/498708 |last1=Skrutskie |first1=Michael F. |last2=Cutri |first2=Roc M. |last3=Stiening |first3=Rae |last4=Weinberg |first4=Martin D. |last5=Schneider |first5=Stephen E. |last6=Carpenter |first6=John M. |last7=Beichman |first7=Charles A. |last8=Capps |first8=Richard W. |last9=Chester |first9=Thomas |last10=Elias |first10=Jonathan H. |last11=Huchra |first11=John P. |last12=Liebert |first12=James W. |last13=Lonsdale |first13=Carol J. |last14=Monet |first14=David G. |last15=Price |first15=Stephan |last16=Seitzer |first16=Patrick |last17=Jarrett |first17=Thomas H. |last18=Kirkpatrick |first18=J. Davy |last19=Gizis |first19=John E. |last20=Howard |first20=Elizabeth V. |last21=Evans |first21=Tracey E. |last22=Fowler |first22=John W. |last23=Fullmer |first23=Linda |last24=Hurt |first24=Robert L. |last25=Light |first25=Robert M. |last26=Kopan |first26=Eugene L. |last27=Marsh |first27=Kenneth A. |last28=McCallon |first28=Howard L. |last29=Tam |first29=Robert |last30=Van Dyk |first30=Schuyler D. |last31=Wheelock |first31=Sherry L. |title=The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) |journal=The Astronomical Journal |date=1 February 2006 |volume=131 |issue=2 |pages=1163–1183 |bibcode=2006AJ....131.1163S |s2cid=18913331 |issn=0004-6256 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name="Davies1997">{{Citation
 | last1     = Davies | first1    = Richard I.
 | last2     = Sugai | first2    = Hajime
 | last3     = Ward | first3    = Martin J.
 | title     = Molecular hydrogen emission in NGC 4536
 | journal   = [[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]]
 | volume    = 291
 | issue     = 2
 | pages     = 314–320
 |date=October 1997
 | bibcode   = 1997MNRAS.291..314D
 | postscript= .
 | doi=10.1093/mnras/291.2.314
| doi-access= free
 }}</ref>

<ref name="Grogin1998">{{Citation
 | last1     = Grogin | first1    = Norman A.
 | last2     = Geller | first2    = Margaret J.
 | last3     = Huchra | first3    = John P.
 | display-authors = 1
 | title     = A Complete Redshift Survey to the Zwicky Catalog Limit in a 2<sup>h</sup> × 15° Region around 3C 273
 | journal   = The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
 | volume    = 119
 | issue     = 2
 | pages     = 277–285
 |date=December 1998
 | doi       = 10.1086/313164
 | bibcode   = 1998ApJS..119..277G
 | arxiv     = astro-ph/9807067
 | s2cid = 119476864
 | postscript= .
| url= https://cds.cern.ch/record/359174/files/9807067.pdf
 }}</ref>

<ref name="McAlpine2011">{{Citation
 | last1     = McAlpine | first1    = W.
 | last2     = Satyapal | first2    = S.
 | last3     = Gliozzi | first3    = M.
 | last4     = Cheung | first4    = C. C.
 | last5     = Sambruna | first5    = R. M.
 | last6     = Eracleous | first6    = Michael
 | display-authors = 1
 | title     = Black Holes in Bulgeless Galaxies: An XMM-Newton Investigation of NGC 3367 and NGC 4536
 | journal   = The Astrophysical Journal
 | volume    = 728
 | issue     = 1
 | pages     = 25
 |date=February 2011
 | doi       = 10.1088/0004-637X/728/1/25
 | bibcode   = 2011ApJ...728...25M
 | arxiv     = 1012.0834
 | s2cid = 118885784
 | postscript= .
}}</ref>

<ref name="ned">{{cite web
 | title=NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database
 | work=Results for NGC 4536
 | url=http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/
 | access-date=2007-03-31
}}</ref>

<ref name="jensenetal2003">{{cite journal
 | last1=Jensen | first1=Joseph B.
 | last2=Tonry | first2=John L.
 | last3=Barris | first3=Brian J.
 | last4=Thompson | first4=Rodger I.
 | last5=Liu | first5=Michael C.
 | last6=Rieke | first6=Marcia J.
 | last7=Ajhar | first7=Edward A.
 | last8=Blakeslee | first8=John P.
 | display-authors=1
 | title=Measuring Distances and Probing the Unresolved Stellar Populations of Galaxies Using Infrared Surface Brightness Fluctuations
 | journal=Astrophysical Journal
 | volume=583
 | issue=2
 | pages=712–726
 |date=February 2003
 | bibcode=2003ApJ...583..712J
 | doi=10.1086/345430
 | arxiv = astro-ph/0210129
| s2cid=551714
 }}</ref>

<ref name="Falco1999">{{cite journal
 | last1=Falco | first1=Emilio E.
 | last2=Kurtz | first2=Michael J.
 | last3=Geller | first3=Margaret J.
 | last4=Huchra | first4=John P.
 | last5=Peters | first5=James
 | last6=Berlind | first6=Perry
 | last7=Mink | first7=Douglas J.
 | last8=Tokarz | first8=Susan P.
 | last9=Elwell | first9=Barbara
 | display-authors=1
 | title=The Updated Zwicky Catalog (UZC)
 | journal=The Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
 | volume=111
 | issue=758
 | pages=438–452
 | date=April 1999
 | bibcode=1999PASP..111..438F
 | doi=10.1086/316343
 | arxiv = astro-ph/9904265
| s2cid=14298026
 }}</ref>
}}

==External links==
*{{commonscat-inline}}

{{Ngc50}}
{{Virgo (constellation)}}
{{Catalogs|NGC=4536}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:NGC 4536}}
[[Category:Intermediate spiral galaxies]]
[[Category:Virgo (constellation)]]
[[Category:NGC objects|4536]]
[[Category:UGC objects|07732]]
[[Category:Principal Galaxies Catalogue objects|41823]]
[[Category:MCG objects|+00-32-023]]
[[Category:IRAS catalogue objects|12318+0227]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1784|17840124]]
[[Category:Discoveries by William Herschel]]