View source for NGC 1097

{{Short description|Galaxy in the constellation Fornax}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Galaxy
| name = [[New General Catalogue|NGC]] 1097
| image = NGC1097 - ESO - eso0438d.jpg
| caption = NGC 1097 as taken from [[Very Large Telescope|VLT]]
| epoch = [[J2000]]
| type = SB(s)b<ref name="ned">{{cite web
  | website=NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database
  | publisher = [[NASA]] and [[California Institute of Technology|Caltech]]
  | title=Results for object NGC 1097
  | url=https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/byname?objname=NGC+1097
  | access-date=2006-11-25 }}</ref>
| ra = {{RA|02|46|19.0584}}<ref name="ned" />
| dec = {{DEC|-30|16|29.676}}<ref name="ned" />
| dist_ly = [[1 E22 m|45 million]] [[light-years|ly]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/press-rel/pr-2005/phot-33-05.html|title=Feeding the Monster: New VLT Images Reveal the Surroundings of a Super-massive Black Hole|publisher=[[European Southern Observatory]]|access-date=2008-03-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815182321/http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/press-rel/pr-2005/phot-33-05.html|archive-date=15 August 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| z = 0.004240<ref name="ned" />
| h_radial_v = {{val|1271|3|u=km/s|fmt=commas}}{{r|ned}}  
| appmag_v = 10.2<ref name="ned" />
| size = ~{{convert|67.62|kpc|ly|abbr=on|lk=on|order=flip}} (estimated){{r|ned}}
| size_v = {{Val|9.3|×|6.3|u=arcminute}}{{r|ned}}
| constellation name = [[Fornax]]
| names = {{odlist | name= ESO 416- G 20 | IRAS= 02441-3029 | MCG= -05-07-024 | PGC= 10488 | UGCA= 41 | Arp= 77 | name2 = [[Caldwell catalogue|Caldwell]] 67}}<ref name="ned" />
}}

'''NGC 1097''' (also known as '''Caldwell 67''') is a [[barred spiral galaxy]] about [[1 E22 m|45 million]] [[Distance measures (cosmology)|light years]] away in the [[constellation]] [[Fornax]].  It was discovered by [[William Herschel]] on 9 October 1790. It is a severely interacting galaxy with obvious tidal debris and distortions caused by interaction with the companion galaxy NGC 1097A.<ref name="Atlas of Galaxies">{{cite book|last1=Buta|first1=Ronald J|last2=Corwin|first2=Harold G|last3=Odewahn|first3=Stephen C|title=The de Vaucouleurs Atlas of Galaxies|date=2007|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-0-521-82048-6|page=193|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g-P7dCbB5MEC&pg=PA193}}</ref>

==General information==
NGC 1097 is also a [[Seyfert galaxy]]. Deep photographs revealed four narrow [[Relativistic jet|optical jets]] that appear to emanate from the nucleus. These have been interpreted as manifestations of the (currently weak) active nucleus. Subsequent analysis of the brightest jet's radio-to-X-ray spectral energy distribution were able to rule out synchrotron and thermal free-free emission. The optical jets are in fact composed of stars. The failure to detect atomic hydrogen gas in the jets (under the assumption that they were an example of tidal tails) using deep 21&nbsp;cm HI imaging with the [[Very Large Array]] radio telescope and numerical simulations led to the current interpretation that the jets are actually the shattered remains of a cannibalized dwarf galaxy.

NGC 1097 has a [[supermassive black hole]] at its center, which is 140 million times the mass of the [[Sun]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title = Astronomers Measure Mass of Supermassive Black Hole in NGC 1097 {{!}} Astronomy {{!}} Sci-News.com|url = http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/science-supermassive-black-hole-ngc1097-02928.html|website = www.sci-news.com|access-date = 2015-06-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title = A Measurement of the Black Hole Mass in NGC 1097 Using ALMA|journal = The Astrophysical Journal|date = 2015-06-10|issn = 0004-637X|pages = 39|volume = 806|issue = 1|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/806/1/39|first1 = K.|last1 = Onishi|first2 = S.|last2 = Iguchi|first3 = K.|last3 = Sheth|first4 = K.|last4 = Kohno|arxiv = 1506.05917 |bibcode = 2015ApJ...806...39O |s2cid = 119235651}}</ref> Around the central black hole is a glowing ring of [[star]]-forming regions with a network of gas and dust that spirals from the ring to the black hole. An inflow of material toward the central bar of the galaxy causes new stars to be created in the ring. The ring is approximately 5,000 light-years in diameter, the spiral arms of the galaxy extend tens of thousands of light-years beyond the ring.<ref name=":0"/>

NGC 1097 has two [[satellite galaxy|satellite galaxies]], NGC 1097A and NGC 1097B. Dwarf elliptical galaxy NGC 1097A is the larger of the two.  It is a peculiar [[elliptical galaxy]] that orbits 42,000 light-years from the center of NGC 1097. Dwarf galaxy NGC 1097B (5 million solar masses), the outermost one, was discovered by its HI emission, and appears to be a typical dwarf irregular. Little else is known about it.

==Supernovae==
Four [[supernova]]e have been observed in NGC 1097:
* [[SN 1992bd]] ([[Type_II_supernova|type II]], mag. 15) was discovered by Chris Smith and Lisa Wells on 12 October 1992.<ref>	
{{cite journal|bibcode=1992IAUC.5638....1S |title=Supernova 1992bd in NGC 1097 |last1=Smith |first1=R. C. |last2=Wells |first2=L. |last3=Della Valle |first3=M. |last4=Bouchet |first4=P. |journal=International Astronomical Union Circular |date=1992 |issue=5638 |page=1 | url = http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/05600/05638.html#Item1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | website=Transient Name Server | title=SN{{nbsp}}1992bd | url=https://www.wis-tns.org/object/1992bd | publisher = [[International Astronomical Union|IAU]] | access-date=22 December 2024}}</ref>
* [[SN 1999eu]] (type II-pec, mag. 17.3) was discovered by [[Masakatsu Aoki]] on 5 November 1999.<ref>{{cite journal|bibcode=1999IAUC.7304....2N |title=Supernova 1999eu in NGC 1097 |last1=Nakano |first1=S. |last2=Aoki |first2=M. |journal=International Astronomical Union Circular |date=1999 |issue=7304 |page=2 | url=http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/07300/07304.html#Item2}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | website=Transient Name Server | title=SN{{nbsp}}1999eu | url=https://www.wis-tns.org/object/1999eu | publisher = [[International Astronomical Union|IAU]] | access-date=22 December 2024}}</ref>
* [[SN 2003B]] (type II, mag. 15) was discovered by [[Robert Evans (astronomer)|Robert Evans]] on 5 January 2003.<ref>{{cite journal|bibcode=2003IAUC.8042....1E |title=Supernova 2003B near NGC 1097 |last1=Evans |first1=R. |last2=Quirk |first2=S. |journal=International Astronomical Union Circular |date=2003 |issue=8042 |page=1 | url = http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/08000/08042.html#Item1}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Harrington|first=Philip S.|title=Cosmic Challenge: The Ultimate Observing List for Amateurs|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, United Kingdom|date=2010|pages=351|isbn=978-1-139-49368-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8mQmvT4wpWQC&pg=PA351}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | website=Transient Name Server | title=SN{{nbsp}}2003B | url=https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2003B | publisher = [[International Astronomical Union|IAU]] | access-date=22 December 2024}}</ref>
* [[SN 2023rve]] (type II, mag. 14) was discovered by Mohammad Odeh on 8 August 2023.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2023rve | title=SN 2023rve | work=IAU Supernova Working Group | date=8 September 2023 | access-date=10 September 2023}}</ref>

==Image Gallery==
<gallery>
 NGC 1097 and 1097A.jpg| [[Ultraviolet]],  [[GALEX]]
 Coiled Galaxy.jpg|[[Infrared]], [[Spitzer Space Telescope]]
 NGC1097 - HST - Potw2211a.jpg |Central region, [[Hubble Space Telescope]]
 NGC 1097 - Ring of Fire (crop).jpg|Ring of star birth,  and dust, gas and debris from the galaxy, which are being funneled into the supermassive black hole at its centre. [[Hubble Space Telescope]], 2004
 NGC1097 - ESO VLT - Ann22015a.jpg |… and with 8 meter diameter [[Very Large Telescope]] and [[adaptive optic]], 2022
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[NGC 1300]], a barred spiral galaxy
* [[NGC 1232]], an intermediate spiral galaxy
* [[NGC 7479]], another example of a barred spiral galaxy

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://arxiv.org/abs/1006.1353 VLT observations] – NGC 1097's "dog-leg" tidal stream
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061112082610/http://weblore.com/richard/ngc_1097.htm weblore.com] – NGC 1097: The Galaxy with the Longest known Optical Jets
* [http://www.astrosurf.com/antilhue/ngc_1097_in_fornax.htm Antilhue-Chile] – NGC 1097 in Fornax
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090815182321/http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/press-rel/pr-2005/phot-33-05.html ESO] – Very Large Telescope observations of NGC 1097
* [http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap061201.html Astronomy Picture of the Day] – In the Arms of NGC 1097 (2006-12-01)
* [http://www.tgdaily.com/space-features/68382-the-dance-of-stars-and-space The dance of stars and space], 29 December 2012, Thomas Anderson, ''TG Daily''
* {{WikiSky}}

{{Astronomical catalogs|NGC=1097|PGC=10488|Arp=77|C=67}}
{{Caldwell catalogue}}
{{NGC15}}
{{Fornax}}
{{Sky|02|46|19.0584|-|30|16|29.676|45000000}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:NGC 1097}}
[[Category:Barred spiral galaxies]]
[[Category:Fornax]]
[[Category:NGC objects|1097]]
[[Category:Principal Galaxies Catalogue objects|10488]]
[[Category:Arp objects|077]]
[[Category:Caldwell objects|067b]]
[[Category:Interacting galaxies]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1790|17901009]]
[[Category:UGCA objects|041]]
[[Category:MCG objects|-05-07-024]]
[[Category:IRAS catalogue objects|02441-3029]]