View source for Myalgia

{{Short description|Painful sensations in muscle tissue}}
{{Redirect|Body ache|the song by Britney Spears|Britney Jean}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox medical condition
 |name          = Myalgia
 |synonym       = Muscle pain, muscle ache
 |image         = Symptoms-muscle-pain.jpg
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 |caption       =One of the myalgic symptoms
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 |specialty     = [[Rheumatology]]
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'''Myalgia''' or '''muscle pain''' is a [[pain]]ful sensation evolving from [[muscle tissue]]. It is a [[symptom]] of many [[disease]]s. The most common cause of [[acute (medicine)|acute]] myalgia is the overuse of a muscle or [[Muscle group|group of muscles]]; another likely cause is [[viral infection]], especially when there has been no [[injury]].

[[Chronic condition|Long-lasting]] myalgia can be caused by [[metabolic myopathy]], some [[nutritional deficiencies]], [[ME/CFS]], [[fibromyalgia]], and [[amplified musculoskeletal pain syndrome]].

==Causes==
The most common causes of myalgia are [[repetitive strain injury|overuse]], [[injury]], and [[Strain (injury)|strain]]. Myalgia might also be caused by allergies, diseases, medications, or as a response to a [[vaccination]]. [[Dehydration]] at times results in muscle pain as well, especially for people involved in extensive [[Physical activity|physical activities]] such as [[workout]].

Muscle pain is also a common symptom in a variety of diseases, including infectious diseases, such as influenza, muscle abscesses, Lyme disease, malaria, trichinosis or poliomyelitis;<ref name="medlineplus.gov">{{Cite web |title=Dolores musculares: MedlinePlus enciclopedia médica |url=https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003178.htm |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=medlineplus.gov |language=es}}</ref> autoimmune diseases, such as celiac disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, [[Sjögren syndrome|Sjögren's syndrome]] or polymyositis;<ref name="medlineplus.gov"/><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Vitali |first1=Claudio |last2=Del Papa |first2=Nicoletta |date=February 2015 |title=Pain in primary Sjögren's syndrome |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26267000/ |journal=Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=63–70 |doi=10.1016/j.berh.2015.05.002 |issn=1532-1770 |pmid=26267000}}</ref> [[gastrointestinal disease]]s, such as non-celiac gluten sensitivity (which can also occur without digestive symptoms) and inflammatory bowel disease (including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tovoli |first=Francesco |date=2015 |title=Clinical and diagnostic aspects of gluten related disorders |journal=World Journal of Clinical Cases |language=en |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=275–284 |doi=10.12998/wjcc.v3.i3.275 |pmid=25789300 |pmc=4360499 |issn=2307-8960 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

The most common causes are:{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Muscle Pain - Causes |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/muscle-pain/basics/causes/sym-20050866 |website=Mayo Clinic |access-date=April 23, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Muscle aches |url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003178.htm |website=MedlinePlus |access-date=10 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://posm.org/understanding-myalgia-causes-treatments-and-prevention/ | title=Understanding Myalgia: Causes, Treatments, and Prevention | date=8 September 2023 }}</ref>
{{Columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* Injury or trauma, including sprains, hematoma
* Overuse: using a muscle too much, too often, including protecting a separate injury
* Chronic tension
Muscle pain occurs with:
* [[Rhabdomyolysis]], associated with:
** [[virus|Viral]]
** [[Crush injury|Compression injury]] leading to [[crush syndrome]]
** Drug-related
*** Commonly [[fibrates]] and [[statin]]s
*** Occasionally [[ACE inhibitors]], [[cocaine]], and some retro-viral drugs
** [[Hypokalemia|Severe potassium deficiency]]
* [[Fibromyalgia]]
* [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]
* Auto-immune disorders, including:
** [[Mixed connective tissue disease]]
** [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
** [[Polymyalgia rheumatica]]
** [[Polymyositis]]
** [[Dermatomyositis]]
** [[Multiple sclerosis]] (this is neurologic pain localised to myotome)
* Infections, including:
** [[Influenza]]
** [[Lyme disease]]
** [[Babesiosis]]
** [[Malaria]]
** [[Toxoplasmosis]]
** [[Dengue fever]]
** [[Hemorrhagic fever]]
** Muscular [[abscess]]
** [[Compartment syndrome]]
** [[Polio]]
** [[Rocky Mountain spotted fever]]
** [[Trichinosis]] (roundworm)
** [[Ebola]]
** [[COVID-19]]
* Other
** [[Postorgasmic illness syndrome]] (POIS)<ref name=Balon2005>{{cite book | title=Handbook of Sexual Dysfunction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | veditors=Balon R, Segraves RT | year=2005 | isbn=9780824758264}}</ref><ref name=Wylie2015>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oH64CAAAQBAJ&q=Post-orgasmic+illness+syndrome&pg=PA75 | title=ABC of Sexual Health | publisher=John Wiley & Sons | year=2015 | pages=75 | isbn=9781118665565 | editor=Wylie KR}}</ref><ref name=GARD>{{cite encyclopedia | title=Postorgasmic illness syndrome | encyclopedia=Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) | publisher=[[National Institutes of Health]] | access-date=30 July 2015 | year=2015 | url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/gard/10809/postorgasmic-illness-syndrome/resources/1 | archive-date=5 March 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305193016/https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/gard/10809/postorgasmic-illness-syndrome/resources/1 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
}}

===Overuse===
Overuse of a muscle is using it too much, too soon or too often.<ref name="MedlinePlus">[https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003178.htm MedlinePlus]</ref> One example is [[repetitive strain injury]]. See also:
* [[Exercise]]
* [[Weight training|Weight lifting]]

====Injury====
The most common causes of myalgia by [[injury]] are: [[sprains]] and [[strain (injury)|strains]].<ref name="MedlinePlus" />

===Autoimmune===
* [[Multiple sclerosis]] (neurologic pain interpreted as muscular)
* [[Myositis]]
* [[Mixed connective tissue disease]]
* [[Lupus erythematosus]]
* [[Fibromyalgia syndrome]]
* [[Familial Mediterranean fever]]
* [[Polyarteritis nodosa]]
* [[Devic's disease]]
* [[Morphea]]
* [[Sarcoidosis]]

===Metabolic defect===
* [[Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency]]
* [[Conn's syndrome]]
* [[Adrenal insufficiency]]
* [[Hyperthyroidism]]
* [[Hypothyroidism]]
* [[Diabetes]]
* [[Hypogonadism]]
* [[Postorgasmic illness syndrome]]<ref name="Balon2005"/><ref name="Wylie2015"/><ref name="GARD"/>

===Other===
* [[Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome]] (ME/CFS)
* [[Channelopathy]]
* [[Ehlers Danlos Syndrome]]
* [[Stickler Syndrome]]
* [[Hypokalemia]]
* [[Hypotonia]]
* [[Exercise intolerance]]
* [[Mastocytosis]]
* [[Peripheral neuropathy]]
* [[Eosinophilia myalgia syndrome]]
* [[Barcoo Fever]]
* [[Herpes]]
* [[Hemochromatosis]]
* [[Delayed onset muscle soreness]]
* [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]]
* [[Generalized anxiety disorder]]
* [[Tumor-induced osteomalacia]]
* [[Hypovitaminosis D]]
* [[Infarction]]<ref name="GlueckConrad2013">{{cite journal|last1=Glueck|first1=CharlesJ|last2=Conrad|first2=Brandon|title=Severe vitamin D deficiency, myopathy, and rhabdomyolysis|journal=North American Journal of Medical Sciences|volume=5|issue=8|year=2013|pages=494–495|issn=1947-2714|doi=10.4103/1947-2714.117325|pmid=24083227|pmc=3784929 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

===Withdrawal syndrome from certain drugs===
Sudden cessation of high-dose [[corticosteroids]], [[opioids]], [[barbiturates]], [[benzodiazepines]], [[caffeine]], or [[alcohol (drug)|alcohol]] can induce myalgia.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}

==Treatment==
When the cause of myalgia is unknown, it should be treated symptomatically. Common treatments include [[heat therapy|heat]], rest, [[paracetamol]], [[NSAID]]s, [[massage]], [[cryotherapy]] and [[muscle relaxants]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-patient-with-myalgia|title=Approach to the patient with myalgia|last=Shmerling|first=Robert H|date=February 27, 2024|website=[[UpToDate]]|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Arthralgia]]
* [[Myopathy]]
* [[Myositis]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Medical resources
| ICD10           = {{ICD10|M79.1}}
| ICD9            = {{ICD9|729.1}}
| ICDO            =
| OMIM            =
| DiseasesDB      = 22895
| MedlinePlus     = 003178
| eMedicineSubj   =
| eMedicineTopic  =
| MeshID          = D063806
| GeneReviewsNBK  =
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{{Pain}}
{{Myopathy}}
{{Common Cold}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Symptoms and signs: Nervous and musculoskeletal systems]]
[[Category:Soft tissue disorders]]
[[Category:Pain]]