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{{Short description|Adnanite Arab tribe}}
{{Infobox tribe
| name = Mutayr
| local name = مطير
| type = [[Qays]]i Arab tribe
| ethnicity = [[Arabs|Arab]]
| nisba = Al-Mutairi/Al-Mutayri (المطيري)
| location = [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Kuwait]], [[Iraq]], [[Morocco]],and all arabian peninsula countries<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2020-04-26 |title=زمن قبيلة "بني مطير" .. حصار مدينة فاس وتنصيب "مولاي الزين" |url=https://www.hespress.com/زمن-قبيلة-بني-مطير-حصار-مدينة-فاس-وت-558532.html |access-date=2022-10-04 |website=Hespress - هسبريس جريدة إلكترونية مغربية |language=ar}}</ref> [[Tunisia]]<ref name=":1"/>
| parent_tribe = [[Ghatafan]]
| branches = *Abdullah 
*Al-'Ulwa
*Braih
| language = [[Arabic]]
| religion = [[Islam]]
| image = 305a1FFF56F3-DEBF-49E1-8C92-CE8120E95925.jpg
| caption = Ghonim bin Batah al-Mutayri, a knight and poet of the Mutayr tribe<ref name = "ghn">{{Cite book |last=Āl-Fuhayd |first=Mindīl ibn Muḥammad ibn Mindīl |url=https://archive.org/details/MnAdbnaG9/MnAdbna-G8/page/n15/mode/2up |title=من آدابنا الشعبية في الجزيرة العربية |year=1985 |edition=1st |volume=8 |pages=14 |language=ar |format=PDF}}</ref>
}}

'''Mutayr''' ({{Langx|ar|مطير|Muṭayr}}) is an [[Arabs|Arab]] tribe with origins in the northern [[Hejaz]] near [[Medina]], in present day [[Saudi Arabia]]. The tribe mainly inhabits [[Saudi Arabia]] ([[Najd]]), [[Kuwait]], [[Iraq]], and the [[United Arab Emirates]]. They have also settled in [[Morocco]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2020-04-26 |title=زمن قبيلة "بني مطير" .. حصار مدينة فاس وتنصيب "مولاي الزين" |url=https://www.hespress.com/زمن-قبيلة-بني-مطير-حصار-مدينة-فاس-وت-558532.html |access-date=2022-10-04 |website=Hespress - هسبريس جريدة إلكترونية مغربية |language=ar}}</ref> and [[Tunisia]].<ref name=":1"/>

== Genealogy ==
[[Ahmad al-Qalqashandi]] who died in 1418 stated that the Mutayr tribe belongs to [[Ghatafan]] who are descendants of [[Ishmael]] son of [[Abraham]] (the father of Arabs).<ref>Qalqashandī, Aḥmad. (1959). ''Nihāyat al-arab fī ansāb al-ʻArab; dictionary of Arab geneology'' [sic!] . Cairo, U.A.R., Arabian Society for Printing, Distributing and Pub. [[OCLC]]: 27985326</ref> [[John Gordon Lorimer (1870-1914)|John Gordon Lorimer]] (1870–1914), an official of the [[Indian Civil Service]] and other historians of Mutayr noted that the main branches of Mutayr today are Banu Abdullah, Al-'Ulwa (also spelled 'Llwah), and Braih.<ref name=":2">Lorimer, John Gordon. (1970). ''Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf: 'Oman, and Central Arabia, Volume 2, Part 2''. Superintendent Government Printing. pp 1286- 1289.</ref><ref name=":3">al- Muṭayrī , Abd al-‘Azīz ibn Sa‘d. (2005). ''Qabīlat Muṭayr, tārīkhuhā – ansābuhā – usaruhā al-mutaḥaḍḍirah – a‘lāmuhā – shu‘arā’uhā – khayluhā wa-ibiluhā.'' Bayrūt : al-Dār al-‘Arabīyah lil-Mawsū‘āt</ref> DNA tests for samples taken by male participants belonging to Mutayr Tribe has confirmed that they are sharing the same [[haplogroup]], and a common ancestor. Various published studies has referred to results from Mutayr Tribe and stated that most of Y-Chromosome Lineage is from the [[Haplogroup J-M267|J1 Haplogroup]] network.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Alsmadi|first1=Osama|last2=John|first2=Sumi E.|last3=Thareja|first3=Gaurav|last4=Hebbar|first4=Prashantha|last5=Antony|first5=Dinu|last6=Behbehani|first6=Kazem|last7=Thanaraj|first7=Thangavel Alphonse|date=2014-06-04|editor-last=Caramelli|editor-first=David|title=Genome at Juncture of Early Human Migration: A Systematic Analysis of Two Whole Genomes and Thirteen Exomes from Kuwaiti Population Subgroup of Inferred Saudi Arabian Tribe Ancestry|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=9|issue=6|pages=e99069|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0099069|issn=1932-6203|pmc=4045902|pmid=24896259|bibcode=2014PLoSO...999069A|doi-access=free}}</ref> Members of Mutayr tribe are considered to be one of the first among Arabian tribes to utilize genetic genealogy to study the genealogy of Mutayr using most modern and recent technologies. Results of participants are published publicly in a dedicated website named [https://mutirdna.com MutirDNA.com] and also on a public project in [[Family Tree DNA|FamilyTreeDNA]].

==History==
Mutayr's original homelands were the highlands of northern [[Hejaz]] near [[Medina]]. At some point in the 17th century, however, the tribe began a large-scale migration eastwards into central Arabia, displacing many other [[Bedouin]] tribes in the area, such as Harb and [['Anizzah]] who were forced to move northwards after. Mutayr also migrated to [[North Africa]] along with [[Banu Hilal]] and [[Banu Sulaym]] in the 11th century<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=RS |date=2022-05-14 |title=بني مطير التونسية أميرة جبال خمير النائمة وسط الغابات الساحرة ومنابع المياه العذبة |url=https://www.alquds.co.uk/بني-مطير-التونسية-أميرة-جبال-خمير-النا/ |access-date=2022-10-04 |website=القدس العربي |language=ar}}</ref> and settled in [[Morocco]]<ref name=":0" /> and [[Tunisia]].<ref name=":1" /> By the 20th century, Mutayr's tribal lands extended from the highlands east of Medina, through the region of [[Al-Qasim]], to the borders of [[Iraq]]. A rivalry developed between Mutayr and [[Harb tribe|Harb]], who inhabited roughly the same areas as Mutayr, as well as with [['Utaybah]], who had just moved into central Arabia from Hejaz.

Because Mutayr were the dominant nomadic tribe of Al-Qaseem, which was the main bone of contention between the clans of [[Al Saud]] and [[Rashidi dynasty|Al Rashid]] vying for control of central Arabia in the early 20th century, Mutayr came to play an important role in the history of Arabia during that era. Mutayr, then, was led by [[Faisal Al-Dewish]], who frequently changed sides in the conflict between the two Saudi Arabian leaders. In 1912, the ruler of [[Riyadh]], [[Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud]] undertook to settle the nomads of his realm in newly created villages (''hijras''), where the bedouins were to be indoctrinated into a puritanical form of [[Islam]] and become warriors for Ibn Saud's cause. These new forces were known as the ''[[Ikhwan|Ikhwan Mn ta'allah]]'' ("Brotherhood"), and Faisal Al-Dewish had led the Ikhwan movement enthusiastically, providing Ibn Saud with crucial military support. The most important Mutayri settlement was [[al-Artawiyya]], at the northern edge of the [[Dahna desert]].
[[File:خريطة قبائل الجزيرة العربية لمستشرق أنجليزي قبل مئة سنة وضعها المستشرق هارولد ديكسون.jpg|thumb|A map drawn by [[H. R. P. Dickson|Harold Dixon]] showing the approximate locations of the Arab tribes, including the Mutayr tribe]]
In 1920 Al-Dewish led an attack by the Ikhwan on [[Kuwait]] at [[al-Jahra]], and were compelled to withdraw once and for all under [[United Kingdom|British]] pressure. Later, a Mutayri contingent, led by Al-Dewish, joined with other sections of the Ikhwan in the conquest of the [[Hejaz]] on behalf of Ibn Saud in 1924. Thereafter, a number of Ikhwan leaders from different tribes, led by Al-Dewish, led a rebellion against Ibn Saud. The Ikhwan sought to take over the newly conquered provinces for themselves and claimed that Ibn Saud had abandoned the true faith by refraining from attacking the European-ruled territories of [[Iraq]] and [[Syria]]. Ibn Saud, however, defeated the rebels at the [[Battle of Sabilla]] in northeastern Nejd, and Al-Dewish sought with the British in Iraq. The British, however, handed him over to Ibn Saud. Al-Dewish was put in prison, and died not long afterwards.

The tribe has historically been mostly [[Bedouin]], with only a few representatives among the settled families of Arabia at the turn of the 20th century. Today, however, nearly all members of the tribe are settled in the cities and towns of [[Saudi Arabia]], making up to 400 villages across the country and especially Riyadh, [[Medina]] and central region of the country. A large section of the tribe also settled in [[Iraq]] and [[Kuwait]].

== Divisions ==
The Mutayr are divided into three parts each of which are divided into several clans:<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name="tsm" />

* '''Bani 'Abdullah''': the Dhawi ʿUn, the Maymun, the Al-Sa'bah, the Al-Shalalhah, and the Al-Hiwaymlat
* '''<nowiki/>'Ulwa''': the Al-Muhahah, the Al-Jiblan, the Al-'Awanah, the Al-Rukhman, the Al-Mala'bah, the Al-Sahabah, and the Al-Bara'sah.
* '''Birayh''': the Al-'Ibayat, the Al-Dayahiyn, the Al-Birzan, the Al-Tha'lah, the Al-Si'ran, the Al-Muraykhat, the Al-Bidana, the Al-'Awaridh, the Al-Hawamil, the Al-'Afisah, the Bani 'Abdillah, and the Al-Wasama

==Notable people==
{{unreferenced section|date=December 2022}}
Among the tribe's members are:
* [[Dahham ibn Dawwas]], founder of Riyadh and opponent of the [[Wahhabism|Wahhabi movement]] and the [[House of Saud|Saudis]]<ref>حسين خلف الشيخ خزعل، تاريخ الجزيرة في عصر محمد عبد الوهاب، صفحة 213 (منفوحة تقع في وادي حنيفة في العارض قرب الرياض وكانت الرئاسة فيها لآل شعلان الذين يرجعون إلى قبيلة الجلاليل من فخذ العفسة من قبيلة واصل من بريه من قبيلة مطير)</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/olomnasb_ymail_20160910_1727 | title=تاريخ قبيلة مطير }}</ref>
*Mutlaq bin Mohammad al-Mutairi, led his army against [[Qajar Iran]] and [[Oman]] at [[Battle of Izki]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.alriyadh.com/2007/01/26/article219562.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126014015/http://www.alriyadh.com/2007/01/26/article219562.html | archive-date=2013-01-26 | title=جريدة الرياض : مطلق بن محمد المطيري (ت 1228هـ) }}</ref>
*Sheikh Ali bin Ashwan, Sheikh of Alabayat of Mutayr led his army in [[Battle of Al-Regeai]] and shot down British planes<ref>https://www.pressreader.com/kuwait/kuwait-times/20161031/281784218645337</ref>
[[File:استسلام فيصل الدويش 1.jpg|thumb|Faisal al-Duwaish (centre), [[Sheikh]] of the Mutayr and a leader of the [[Ikhwan]], in a tent with other Ikhwani leaders]]
* Falih bin al Subai al-Hameli al-Mutairi, one of Mutayr tribes warriors, killed [[Abdulaziz bin Mutaib Al Rashid]] at [[Battle of Rawdat Muhanna]]<ref>https://archive.org/details/olomnasb_ymail_20160910_1727 page 627</ref>
* [[Faisal bin Watban Al-Dawish]], helped Ibrahim Pasha overthrow the first Saudi state and later rebelled against him
* [[Faisal bin Suqyan]], one of Mutayr's famous knights
* [[Watban Al-Dawish]], one of the sheikhs of the famous Mutayr tribe
* [[Sultan Al-Duwaish]], father of Faisal Al-Duwaish, leader of the Ikhwan movement, participated in the Battle of Al-Sarif alongside Mubarak Al-Sabah
* [[Faisal al-Duwaish]], one of the leaders of the [[Ikhwan |Ikhwan movement]] and the former [[Sheikh]] of the tribe. He was from the 'Ulwa<ref name="tsm">{{cite thesis |author=Talal Sha'yfan Muslat Al Azma |title=The role of the Ikhwan under 'Abdul'Aziz Al Sa'ud 1916-1934 |date=1999 |degree=PhD |url=http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1472/ |pages=84–85,195 |location=Durham University}}</ref>
* {{Ill|Ghonim bin Batah al-Mutayri|lt=Ghonim bin Batah al-Mutayri|ar|غنيم ابن بطاح المطيري}}, a knight and poet of the Mutayr tribe<ref name="ghn"/>
* [[Adah Almutairi]], [[Saudi Arabia|Saudi]] scientist, inventor and businesswoman and one of Forbes top ten most influential female engineers in the world
* [[Hind al-Mutayri]], Saudi poet, writer and academic
* [[Helal Al-Mutairi]], [[Kuwait]]i businessman 
* [[Khalid Al-Nafisi]], Kuwaiti actor

==See also==
*[[Al-Mutairi]], list of people with this name
*[[Bedouin]]
*[[Ikhwan]]
*[[Ghatafan]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Arab tribes in Saudi Arabia}}{{Arab tribes in Iraq}}{{Arab tribes of Morocco}}

[[Category:Tribes of Arabia]]
[[Category:Tribes of Saudi Arabia]]
[[Category:Tribes of Iraq]]
[[Category:Tribes of Kuwait]]
[[Category:Arab tribes in Morocco]]
[[Category:Arab ethnic groups]]
[[Category:Bedouin groups]]
[[Category:Ghatafan]]
[[Category:History of the Arabian Peninsula]]