View source for MusicBrainz

{{Short description|Online music metadata database}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2025|cs1-dates=ll}}
{{Infobox website
 | name                 = MusicBrainz
 | logo                 = [[File:MusicBrainz Logo with text (2016).svg|228px|MusicBrainz logo since February 2016]]
 | screenshot           = [[File:MusicBrainz homepage.png|300px|MusicBrainz homepage.]]
 | caption              = Homepage
 | company_type         = [[Community-driven development|Community-driven]] [[Research data archiving#Data library|data library]]
 | website_type         = Online music encyclopedia<ref name="about">{{Cite web|title=About|url=https://musicbrainz.org/doc/About|website=MusicBrainz|publisher=MetaBrainz|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016010034if_/https://musicbrainz.org/doc/About|archive-date=2016-10-16|access-date=2015-05-04|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
 | language             = English
 | location_city        = [[San Luis Obispo, California]]
 | location_country     = U.S.
 | owner                = MetaBrainz Foundation
 | founder              = Robert Kaye
 | industry             = [[Metadata#Digital music|Audio metadata]]
 | url                  = {{Official URL}}
 | ipv6                 = Yes
 | commercial           = No ([[Nonprofit organization|non-profit]])
 | registration         = Optional (required for editing data)
 | num_users            = 1,200,200+<ref name="statistics">{{Cite web|date=2025-07-10|title=Database Statistics|url=https://musicbrainz.org/statistics|url-status=live|publisher=MusicBrainz|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250705141118if_/https://musicbrainz.org/statistics|archive-date=2025-07-05|access-date=2025-07-09|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
 | launch_date          = {{Start date and age|2000|7|17|df=n}}<ref name="rdap">{{Cite web|date=2025-07-10|title=RDAP Record: musicbrainz.org|url=https://rdap.publicinterestregistry.org/rdap/domain/musicbrainz.org|format=JSON|website=[[Public Interest Registry]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250710020557if_/https://rdap.publicinterestregistry.org/rdap/domain/musicbrainz.org|archive-date=2025-07-10|access-date=2025-07-09|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
 | current_status       = Online
 | content_license      = {{Unbulleted indent list|[[Creative Commons license#CC0|CC Zero 1.0 Universal]] ([[open data]])|[[Creative Commons license#BY-NC-SA|CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Unported]] {{Nowrap|(contributor-generated data)}}|[[Multi-licensing|Commercial licensing]] available}}
 | programming_language = [[Perl]] with [[PostgreSQL]] database
}}
'''MusicBrainz''' is a project by the MetaBrainz Foundation that aims to create a collaborative music database that is similar to the [[freedb]] project. MusicBrainz was founded due to the restrictions placed on the [[CDDB|Compact Disc Database]] (CDDB), a database for software applications to look up audio [[Compact disc|CD]] information on the Internet. MusicBrainz has expanded its goals beyond serving as a CD [[metadata repository]], evolving into a structured online database for music information, including details about artists, performers, and songwriters.<ref name="highfield">{{Cite speech|last=Highfield|first=Ashley|date=2007-06-27|title=Keynote speech given at IEA Future Of Broadcasting Conference|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/speeches/stories/highfield_iea.shtml|publisher=[[BBC]] Press Office|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120171541if_/https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/speeches/stories/highfield_iea.shtml|archive-date=2021-11-20|access-date=2008-02-11|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="swartz">{{Cite journal|last=Swartz|first=A.|author-link=Aaron Swartz|year=2002|title=MusicBrainz: A semantic Web service|url=https://courses.cs.umbc.edu/771/papers/ieeeIntelligentSystems/webservices/musicBrainz.pdf|journal=IEEE Intelligent Systems|volume=17|pages=76–77|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724061809if_/https://courses.cs.umbc.edu/771/papers/ieeeIntelligentSystems/webservices/musicBrainz.pdf|archive-date=2024-07-24|archive-format=PDF|doi=10.1109/5254.988466|citeseerx=10.1.1.380.9338|access-date=2025-07-09|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

MusicBrainz captures information about artists, their recorded works, and the relationships between them. Recorded works entries capture the album title, track titles, and the length of each track at a minimum. These entries are maintained by volunteer editors who follow community written style guidelines. Recorded works can also store information about release date and country, the CD ID, [[cover art]], [[acoustic fingerprint]], free-form annotation text and other metadata. {{As of|2025|5}}, MusicBrainz contains information on over 2.6 million artists, 4.7 million releases, and 35.2 million recordings.<ref name="statistics" /> End-users can use software that communicates with MusicBrainz to add [[ID3|metadata]] tags to their digital media files, such as [[Apple Lossless Audio Codec|ALAC]], [[FLAC]], [[MP3]], [[Vorbis|Ogg Vorbis]] or [[Advanced Audio Coding|AAC]].

== Image archives ==
=== Cover Art Archive ===
[[File:Cover Art Archive Logo with text (2020).svg|thumb|left|Logo of Cover Art Archive]]
MusicBrainz allows contributors to upload cover art images of releases to the database; these images are hosted by Cover Art Archive (CAA), a joint project between [[Internet Archive]] and MusicBrainz started in 2012. Internet Archive provides the bandwidth, storage, and legal protection for hosting the images, while MusicBrainz stores metadata and provides public access through the Web and via an [[API]] for third parties to use. As with other contributions, the MusicBrainz community is in charge of maintaining and reviewing the data.<ref name="scherschel">{{Cite news|last=Scherschel|first=Fabian|date=2012-10-10|title=MusicBrainz and Internet Archive create cover art database|url=http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/MusicBrainz-and-Internet-Archive-create-cover-art-database-1727322.html|publisher=[[Heise Group|The H]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421215815if_/http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/MusicBrainz-and-Internet-Archive-create-cover-art-database-1727322.html|archive-date=2024-04-21|access-date=2025-07-09|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Until May 16, 2022,<ref name="2022_schema_change">{{Cite web|last=Tamargo|first=Nicolás|author-link=meta:User:Reosarevok|date=2022-05-16|title=MusicBrainz schema change release, 2022-05-16 (with upgrade instructions)|url=https://blog.metabrainz.org/2022/05/16/musicbrainz-schema-change-release-2022-05-16-with-upgrade-instructions/|website=MetaBrainz Blog|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517041822if_/https://blog.metabrainz.org/2022/05/16/musicbrainz-schema-change-release-2022-05-16-with-upgrade-instructions/|archive-date=2022-05-17|access-date=2022-08-04|df=mdy-all}}</ref> cover art was also provided for items on sale at [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] and some other online resources, but CAA is now preferred, because it gives the community more control and flexibility for managing the images. {{As of|2025|5}}, over six million images are stored in the archive.<ref name="cover_stats">{{Cite web|date=2025-07-10|title=Database statistics – Images|url=https://musicbrainz.org/statistics/coverart|publisher=MusicBrainz|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250527151900if_/https://musicbrainz.org/statistics/coverart|archive-date=2025-05-27|access-date=2025-07-09|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

=== Event Art Archive ===
In June 2024, MusicBrainz launched the Event Art Archive, another joint venture with the Internet Archive.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hartman|first=Simon|date=2024-06-30|title=Announcing the Event Art Archive|url=https://blog.metabrainz.org/2024/06/30/announcing-the-event-art-archive/|website=MetaBrainz Blog|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240630142352if_/http://blog.metabrainz.org/2024/06/30/announcing-the-event-art-archive/|archive-date=2024-06-30|access-date=2024-11-19|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The project is labeled as "the internet's greatest repository for event art", and {{As of|2025|5|lc=y}}, contains over 8,000 images.<ref name="cover_stats" />

== Fingerprinting ==
In addition to collecting metadata about music, MusicBrainz also allows users to match recordings by their acoustic fingerprint. A separate application, such as MusicBrainz Picard, is used to do this.

=== Proprietary services ===
In 2000, MusicBrainz started using ''Relatable's'' patented TRM (a [[recursive acronym]] for TRM Recognizes Music) for acoustic fingerprint matching. The popularity of this feature drew in a large user base to the platform, enabling the database to expand rapidly. By 2005, TRM was experiencing difficulties in handling the sheer volume of data, as the number of tracks stored in the database had surpassed one million. This issue was resolved in May 2006, when MusicBrainz partnered with MusicIP (now [[AmpliFIND]]), replacing TRM with MusicDNS.<ref name="musicdns_announcement">{{Cite web|last=Kaye|first=Robert|date=2006-03-12|title=New fingerprinting technology available now!|url=https://blog.metabrainz.org/2006/03/12/new-fingerprinting-technology-available-now/|website=MetaBrainz Blog|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728230437if_/https://blog.metabrainz.org/2006/03/12/new-fingerprinting-technology-available-now/|archive-date=2019-07-28|access-date=2025-07-09|df=mdy-all}}</ref> TRMs were phased out and replaced by MusicDNS in November 2008.

In October 2009, MusicIP was acquired by [[AmpliFIND]].<ref name="smotroff">{{Cite press release|last=Smotroff|first=Mark|date=2009-10-05|title=AmpliFIND Music Services Aims To Liberate Your Music|url=http://www.amplifindmusicservices.com/news/press/amplified-music-aims-to-liberate-your-music.php|website=[[AmpliFIND]]|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055804if_/http://www.amplifindmusicservices.com/news/press/amplified-music-aims-to-liberate-your-music.php|archive-date=2013-09-21|access-date=2025-07-09|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

=== AcoustID and Chromaprint ===
Since the future of the free identification service was uncertain, a replacement for it was sought. The Chromaprint acoustic fingerprinting algorithm, which serves as the basis for the [[AcoustID]] identification service, was started in February 2010 by long-time MusicBrainz contributor, Lukáš Lalinský.<ref name="lalinsky">{{Cite web|last=Lalinský|first=Lukáš|date=2010-07-24|title=Introducing Chromaprint|url=https://oxygene.sk/2010/07/introducing-chromaprint/|website=oxygene.sk|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141206182345if_/https://oxygene.sk/2010/07/introducing-chromaprint/|archive-date=2014-12-06|access-date=2018-04-10|df=mdy-all}}</ref> While AcoustID and Chromaprint are not officially MusicBrainz projects, they are closely tied with each other and are both open source. Chromaprint works by analyzing the first two minutes of a track, detecting the strength for each of 12 [[pitch class]]es, storing these eight times per second. Additional post-processing is then applied to compress the fingerprint while retaining patterns.<ref name="jang">{{Cite journal|last1=Jang|first1=Dalwon|last2=Yoo|first2=Chang D.|last3=Lee|first3=Sunil|last4=Kim|first4=Sungwoong|last5=Kalker|first5=Ton|date=2009-11-17|title=Pairwise Boosted Audio Fingerprint|journal=[[IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security]]|volume=4|issue=4|pages=995–1004|publisher=[[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]]|doi=10.1109/TIFS.2009.2034452|s2cid=1502596|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The AcoustID search server then searches from the database of fingerprints by similarity and returns the AcoustID identifier along with MusicBrainz recording identifiers, if known.

== Licensing ==
Since 2003, MusicBrainz's core data (artists, recordings, releases, ect) is dedicated to the worldwide [[public domain]], according to the terms of the [[Creative Commons license#CC0|Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Universal]] legal tool.<ref name="mb-data-licenses">{{Cite web|last=Kaye|first=Robert|date=2012-12-12|title=About / Data License|url=https://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=About/Data_License&oldid=61419|website=MusicBrainz Wiki|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613031235if_/https://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=About/Data_License&oldid=61419|archive-date=2021-06-13|access-date=2025-07-08|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Additional content, including moderation data (essentially all [[Threshold of originality|original content]] contributed by users and its elaborations) and the live data feed, are published under the [[copyleft]] terms of the [[Creative Commons license#BY-NC-SA|Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike]] 3.0 Unported License {{As of|2012|12|12|lc=y|df=mdy}}.<ref name="mb-data-licenses" /> The [[Relational database#RDBMS|relational database management system]] is [[PostgreSQL]]. The server software is covered by the [[GNU General Public License#Version 2|GNU General Public License v2.0]],<ref name="mb-data-licenses" /> while the MusicBrainz client [[Library (computing)|software library]], ''libmusicbrainz'', is licensed under the [[GNU Lesser General Public License]], version 2.1,<ref name="libmusicbrainz-license">{{Cite web|last=Mello|first=Peter J.|date=2025-07-09|title=libmusicbrainz|url=https://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=libmusicbrainz&oldid=78518|website=MusicBrainz Wiki|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250709161602if_/https://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=libmusicbrainz&oldid=78518|archive-date=2025-07-09|access-date=2025-07-09|df=mdy-all}}</ref> which allows use of the code by proprietary software products.

In December 2004, the MusicBrainz project was turned over to the MetaBrainz Foundation – a [[Nonprofit organization|non-profit]] group based in [[San Luis Obispo, California]] – by its creator Robert Kaye.<ref name="metabrainz_announcement">{{Cite web|last=Kaye|first=Robert|date=2005-04-18|title=The MetaBrainz Foundation launches!|url=https://blog.metabrainz.org/2005/04/18/the-metabrainz-foundation-launches/|website=MetaBrainz Blog|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728230437if_/https://blog.metabrainz.org/2005/04/18/the-metabrainz-foundation-launches/|archive-date=2019-07-28|access-date=2025-07-09|df=mdy-all}}</ref> On January 20, 2006, the first commercial venture to use MusicBrainz data was the [[Barcelona]], Spain-based ''Linkara'' in their "Linkara Música" service.<ref name="linkara">{{Cite web|last=Kaye|first=Robert|date=2006-01-20|title=Introducing: Linkara Musica|url=https://blog.metabrainz.org/2006/01/20/introducing-linkara-musica/|website=MetaBrainz Blog|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728230437if_/https://blog.metabrainz.org/2006/01/20/introducing-linkara-musica/|archive-date=2019-07-28|access-date=2025-07-09|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

On June 28, 2007, the [[BBC]] announced that it had licensed MusicBrainz's live data feed to augment their music web pages. [[BBC Music|BBC online music editors]] would also join the MusicBrainz community to contribute their knowledge to the database.<ref name="bbc_partnership">{{Cite web|last=Kaye|first=Robert|date=2007-06-28|title=The BBC partners with MusicBrainz for Music Metadata|url=https://blog.metabrainz.org/2007/06/28/the-bbc-partners-with-musicbrainz-for-music-metadata/|website=MetaBrainz Blog|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091035if_/https://blog.metabrainz.org/2007/06/28/the-bbc-partners-with-musicbrainz-for-music-metadata/|archive-date=2019-10-19|access-date=2025-07-09|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

On July 28, 2008, the beta of the new BBC Music site was launched, which publishes a page for each MusicBrainz artist.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shorter|first=Matthew|date=2008-07-28|title=BBC Music Artist Pages Beta|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/bbcinternet/2008/07/bbc_music_artist_pages_beta.html|website=BBC Internet Blog|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090124015619if_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/bbcinternet/2008/07/bbc_music_artist_pages_beta.html|archive-date=2009-01-24|access-date=2009-02-12|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="mb_and_the_bbc">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/brainz/|title=MusicBrainz|website=BBC Music|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728230448if_/https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/brainz/|archive-date=2019-07-28|access-date=2025-07-09|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

== MusicBrainz Picard ==
[[File:MusicBrainz Picard 2.7 screenshot.png|thumb|right|392px|Screenshot of MusicBrainz Picard]]
MusicBrainz Picard is a [[free and open-source software]] [[Application software|application]] for identifying, [[Tag editor|tagging]] and organizing [[digital audio]] recordings.<ref name="zukerman">{{Cite web|last=Zukerman|first=Erez|date=2011-07-30|title=Need to Organize Your Music Library? MusicBrainz Picard Makes It So|url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/481391/musicbrainz_picard.html|website=[[PC World]]|publisher=[[International Data Group|IDG Communications]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028000143if_/https://www.pcworld.com/article/481391/musicbrainz_picard.html|archive-date=2021-10-28|access-date=2015-09-14|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

Picard identifies [[Audio file format|audio files]] and [[compact disc]]s by comparing either their [[metadata]] or their [[acoustic fingerprint]]s with records in the database.<ref name="zukerman" /> Audio file metadata (or "tags") are a means of storing information about a recording in the file. When Picard identifies an audio file, it can add new information to it, such as the recording artist, the album title, the [[record label]], and the date of release.<ref name="lightner">{{Cite web|last=Lightner|first=Rob|date=2012-06-11|title=Tag your music files correctly with MusicBrainz Picard|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/tag-your-music-files-correctly-with-musicbrainz-picard/|website=[[CNET]]|publisher=[[Paramount Streaming|CBS Interactive]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120141403if_/https://www.cnet.com/culture/tag-your-music-files-correctly-with-musicbrainz-picard/|archive-date=2025-01-20|access-date=2015-09-14|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

== ListenBrainz<span class="anchor" id="ListenBrainz"></span> ==
<!-- "ListenBrainz" redirects here. -->[[File:ListenBrainz Logo (2020).svg|thumb|left|160x160px|ListenBrainz logo]]
'''ListenBrainz''' is a free and open source project that aims to [[Crowdsourcing|crowdsource]] listening data related to digital music and release it under an [[Free license|open license]].<ref name="lb_about">{{Cite web|title=ListenBrainz|url=https://listenbrainz.org/about/|website=ListenBrainz|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529055059if_/https://listenbrainz.org/about/|archive-date=2022-05-29|access-date=2021-02-13|df=mdy-all}}</ref> It is a MetaBrainz Foundation project tied to MusicBrainz. It aims to re-implement [[Last.fm]] features that were lost following that platform's acquisition by CBS.<ref name="o'brien">{{Cite web|last=O'Brien|first=Danny|date=2021-06-03|title=Organizing in the Public Interest: MusicBrainz|url=https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2021/06/organizing-public-interest-musicbrainz|website=[[Electronic Frontier Foundation]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603210619if_/https://eff.org/deeplinks/2021/06/organizing-public-interest-musicbrainz|archive-date=2021-06-03|access-date=2023-12-09|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="vigliensoni">{{Cite journal|last1=Vigliensoni|first1=Gabriel|last2=Fujinaga|first2=Ichiro|date=2017-10-23|title=The Music Listening Histories Dataset|url=https://zenodo.org/records/1417499|format=PDF|url-status=live|journal=Proceedings of the 18th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference|publisher=[[International Society for Music Information Retrieval|ISMIR]]|publication-place=[[Suzhou]], China|via=Zenodo|pages=96–102|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240217213706if_/https://zenodo.org/records/1417499|archive-date=2024-02-17|archive-format=PDF|doi=10.5281/zenodo.1417499|access-date=2024-02-17|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

ListenBrainz takes submissions in the form of "listens" representing the playback of songs or videos from various media players and services such as [[Clementine (software)|Clementine/Strawberry]], [[Music Player Daemon]] and [[Spotify]] or other [[Last.fm#Scrobbling|scrobbling]] mechanisms such as [[browser extension]]s. ListenBrainz can also import Last.fm and [[Libre.fm]] scrobbles in order to build listening history. As listens are released under an open license, ListenBrainz is useful for music research in industry and development research.<ref name="singh">{{Cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Param|last2=Kamlesh|first2=Dutta|last3=Kaye|first3=Robert|last4=Garg|first4=Suyash|year=2020|title=Proceedings of ICETIT 2019|chapter=Music Listening History Dataset Curation and Distributed Music Recommendation Engines Using Collaborative Filtering|series=Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering|chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-30577-2_55|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327001026if_/https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-30577-2_55|archive-date=2020-03-27|volume=605|pages=623–632|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-30577-2_55|isbn=978-3-030-30576-5|s2cid=204103568|access-date=2021-02-13|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="yadav">{{Cite book|last1=Yadav|first1=Naina|last2=Singh|first2=Anil|date=December 2020|title=Forum for Information Retrieval Evaluation|url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3441501.3441503|url-access=subscription|chapter=Bi-directional Encoder Representation of Transformer model for Sequential Music Recommender System|pages=49–53|doi=10.1145/3441501.3441503|isbn=978-1-4503-8978-5|s2cid=231628582|access-date=2021-02-13|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="schedl">{{Cite book|last1=Schedl|first1=Markus|last2=Knees|first2=Peter|last3=McFee|first3=Brian|last4=Bogdanov|first4=Dmitry|date=2021-11-22|title=Recommender Systems Handbook|chapter=Music Recommendation Systems: Techniques, Use Cases, and Challenges|chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-0716-2197-4_24|chapter-url-access=subscription|pages=927–971|doi=10.1007/978-1-0716-2197-4_24|isbn=978-1-0716-2196-7|access-date=2023-12-09|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="pocaro">{{Cite journal|last1=Pocaro|first1=Lorenzo|last2=Gómez|first2=Emilia|last3=Castillo|first3=Carlos|date=2023-07-12|title=Assessing the Impact of Music Recommendation Diversity on Listeners: A Longitudinal Study|url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3608487|format=PDF|url-status=live|journal=ACM Transactions on Recommender Systems|volume=2|pages=1–47|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114195134if_/https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3608487|archive-date=2024-01-14|archive-format=PDF|arxiv=2212.00592|doi=10.1145/3608487|s2cid=254125611|access-date=2024-02-17|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of online music databases]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite thesis|last=Hemerly|first=Jess|date=2011-05-05|title=Making Metadata: The Case of MusicBrainz|url=http://www.ischool.berkeley.edu/files/student_projects/jhemerly_mims_finalproject.pdf|url-status=live|degree=Master of Information Management and Systems|publisher=[[UC Berkeley School of Information]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123115916if_/https://www.ischool.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/student_projects/jhemerly_mims_finalproject.pdf|archive-date=2018-11-23|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-07-09|df=mdy-all}}
* {{Cite web|last=O'Brien|first=Danny|date=2021-06-03|title=Organizing in the Public Interest: MusicBrainz|url=https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2021/06/organizing-public-interest-musicbrainz|website=[[Electronic Frontier Foundation]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603210619if_/https://eff.org/deeplinks/2021/06/organizing-public-interest-musicbrainz|archive-date=2021-06-03|access-date=2023-12-08|df=mdy-all}}
* {{Cite conference|last=Mesnage|first=Cédric|date=July 2017|title=Using the MusicBrainz database in the classroom|url=http://www.icicte.org/ICICTE_2017_Proceedings/9.3_Mesnage%202017.pdf|url-status=live|conference=International Conference on Information, Communication Technologies in Education|conference-url=http://www.icicte.org/ICICTE17Proceedings.htm|pages=338–344|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308044832if_/http://www.icicte.org/ICICTE_2017_Proceedings/9.3_Mesnage%202017.pdf|archive-date=2022-03-08|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2023-12-10|df=mdy-all}}<!-- full proceeding papers at http://www.icicte.org/ICICTE2017Proceedings.pdf -->

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website|https://musicbrainz.org|MusicBrainz}} – official site
* {{Official website|https://coverartarchive.org|Cover Art Archive}} – official site
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/brainz/ MusicBrainz] info at the [[BBC Online|BBC Music]] site

{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Musicbrainz}}
[[Category:MusicBrainz| ]]
[[Category:Acoustic fingerprinting]]
[[Category:American online encyclopedias]]
[[Category:Free-content websites]]
[[Category:Internet properties established in 2000]]
[[Category:Library 2.0]]
[[Category:Library cataloging and classification]]
[[Category:Metadata registry]]
[[Category:Multilingual websites]]
[[Category:Online music and lyrics databases]]
[[Category:Tag editors that use Qt]]