View source for Mureș (river)

{{Short description|River in Eastern Europe}}
{{Infobox river
| name               = Mureș/Maros
| native_name        = 
| native_name_lang   = 
| name_other         = 
| name_etymology     = 
<!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP -->
| image              = MuresRiver.750pix.jpg
| image_size         = 
| image_caption      = The Mureș in Arad
| map                = Raul Mures.png
| map_size           = 
| map_caption        = <!---------------------- LOCATION -->
| subdivision_type1  = Countries
| subdivision_name1  = [[Romania]] and [[Hungary]]
| subdivision_type2  = 
| subdivision_name2  = 
| subdivision_type3  = Cities
| subdivision_name3  = {{hlist|[[Târgu Mureș]]|[[Alba Iulia]]|[[Deva,_Romania|Deva]]|[[Arad, Romania|Arad]]|[[Szeged]]}}
<!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS -->
| length             = {{convert|789|km|mi|abbr=on}} 
| width_min          = 
| width_avg          = 
| width_max          = 
| depth_min          = 
| depth_avg          = 
| depth_max          = 
| discharge1_location= [[Makó]]
| discharge1_min     = 
| discharge1_avg     = {{convert|184|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}
| discharge1_max     = 
<!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES -->
| source1            = [[Carpathian Mountains]]
| source1_location   = [[Voșlăbeni|Izvorul Mureșului]], [[Harghita County]], [[Romania]]
| source1_coordinates= {{coord|46|36|55|N|25|37|2|E|display=inline}}
| source1_elevation  = {{convert|850|m|abbr=on}}
| mouth              = [[Tisza]]
| mouth_location     = [[Szeged]], [[Csongrád County]], [[Hungary]]
| mouth_coordinates  = {{coord|46|15|6|N|20|11|39|E|type:_river}}
| mouth_elevation    = {{convert|75|m|abbr=on}}
| progression        = {{RTisza}}
| river_system       = 
| basin_size         = {{convert|30,332|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}
{{convert|30,190.1|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/east-europe/itemlist/category/1019-tisza|title=Rivers Network|year=2020}}</ref>
| tributaries_left   = [[Târnava]], [[Sebeș (river)|Sebeș]], [[Strei]]
| tributaries_right  = [[Arieș]]
| custom_label       = 
| custom_data        = 
| extra              = 
|discharge2_location=[[Szeged]] (near mouth)|discharge2_avg={{convert|188.895|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/east-europe/itemlist/category/1019-tisza|title=Rivers Network|year=2020}}</ref>}}

The '''Mureș''' ({{IPA|ro|ˈmureʃ|lang}}) or '''Maros''' ({{IPA|hu|ˈmɒroʃ|lang}}; {{langx|de|Mieresch}}, {{lang-sr-Cyrl-Latn|Мориш|Moriš|separator=" / "}}) is a {{convert|789|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} river in [[Eastern Europe]]. Its [[drainage basin]] covers an area of {{convert|30332|km2|abbr=on}}.<ref name="IPCDR">[https://www.icpdr.org/main/sites/default/files/Tisza_RB_Analysis_2007.pdf Analysis of the Tisza River Basin 2007], [[International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River|IPCDR]]</ref>{{rp|22}} It originates in the [[Hășmaș Mountains|Hășmașu Mare]] Range in the Eastern [[Carpathian Mountains]], [[Romania]], rising close to the headwaters of the river [[Olt (river)|Olt]], and joins the [[Tisza]] at [[Szeged]] in southeastern [[Hungary]]. In Romania, its length is {{convert|761|km|abbr=on}} and its basin size is {{convert|27890|km2|abbr=on}}.{{GeoSource|RO|Atlas|133-191|IV.1}}

The Mureș River flows through the Romanian counties [[Harghita County|Harghita]], [[Mureș County|Mureș]], [[Alba County|Alba]], [[Hunedoara County|Hunedoara]], [[Arad County|Arad]] and [[Timiș County|Timiș]], and the Hungarian county [[Csongrád County|Csongrád]]. The largest cities on the Mureș/Maros are [[Târgu Mureș]], [[Alba Iulia]], [[Deva, Romania|Deva]] and [[Arad, Romania|Arad]] in Romania as well as [[Makó]] and [[Szeged]] in Hungary.

The Hungarian reaches of the Mureș/Maros are {{convert|73|km|mi|abbr=on}} long as the state [[Border|border.]] Some {{convert|28.5|km2|abbr=on}} on the northern side of the river are protected as part of the [[Körös-Maros National Park]]. The [[Maros Floodplain Protected Area]] consists of gallery forests, floodplain meadows and {{convert|0.6|km2|abbr=on}} of forest reserve near Szeged.

[[Salt]] used to be [[trade]]d in medieval times on the river on large rafts.

==Name==
The river is known to be first mentioned by [[Herodotus]] in 485 BC bearing the name ''Maris'' (Μάρις).<ref>Hdt. 4.49</ref> Strabo calls it ''Marisos'' (Μάρισος).<ref>Str. 7.3.13</ref> It was known in [[Latin]] as the ''{{lang|la|Marisus}}''; the Mureș is also mentioned, as ''Morisis'' (Μορήσης), in a document of the Byzantine Emperor [[Constantine VII]], in 948 AD.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Porphyrogenitus |first=Constantine VII |title=De Administrando Imperio |publisher=Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies Trustees for Harvard University |year=1967 |location=Washington, District of Columbia |pages=40-41 |language=English, Greek |translator-last=Moravcsik |translator-first=Gyula |trans-title=De Administrando Imperio |translator-last2=R. J. H. Jenkins}}</ref><ref>Béla Köpeczi, [http://mek.oszk.hu/03400/03407/html/67.html ''History of Transylvania: From the beginnings to 1606''].</ref>

It was also known in [[German language|German]] variously as the ''{{lang|de|Mieresch}}'', ''{{lang|de|Marosch}}'' or ''{{lang|de|Muresch}}'', owing to [[Transylvanian Saxons|Transylvanian Saxon]] settlements and prior [[Habsburg monarchy|Habsburg]] rule. It was known in [[Turkish language|Turkish]] as the ''{{lang|tr|Maroş}}'' or ''{{lang|tr|Muriş}}'' under the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]]s.

==Towns and villages==
The following towns are situated along the river Mureș, from source to mouth: [[Toplița]], [[Reghin]], [[Târgu Mureș]], [[Luduș]], [[Ocna Mureș]], [[Aiud]], [[Teiuș]], [[Alba Iulia]], [[Geoagiu]], [[Orăștie]], [[Simeria]], [[Deva, Romania|Deva]], [[Lipova, Arad|Lipova]], [[Arad, Romania|Arad]], [[Nădlac]] (all in Romania), [[Makó]], [[Szeged]] (both in Hungary).

The Mureș flows through the following communes (grouped by counties, from source to mouth): 
*[[Harghita County]]: [[Voșlăbeni]], [[Suseni, Harghita|Suseni]], [[Joseni]], [[Remetea, Harghita|Remetea]], [[Subcetate]], [[Sărmaș]], [[Gălăuțaș]], [[Toplița]]
*[[Mureș County]]: [[Stânceni]], [[Lunca Bradului]], [[Răstolița]], [[Deda, Mureș|Deda]], [[Rușii-Munți]], [[Aluniș, Mureș|Aluniș]], [[Brâncovenești, Mureș|Brâncovenești]], [[Ideciu de Jos]], [[Suseni, Mureș|Suseni]], [[Reghin]], [[Petelea]], [[Gornești]], [[Glodeni, Mureș|Glodeni]], [[Ernei]], [[Sântana de Mureș]], [[Sângeorgiu de Mureș]], [[Târgu Mureș]], [[Sâncraiu de Mureș]], [[Cristești, Mureș|Cristești]], [[Pănet]], [[Ungheni, Mureș|Ungheni]], [[Sânpaul, Mureș|Sânpaul]], [[Iernut]], [[Cuci, Mureș|Cuci]], [[Bogata, Mureș|Bogata]], [[Luduș]], [[Chețani]]
*[[Alba County]]: [[Noșlac]], [[Lunca Mureșului]], [[Ocna Mureș]], [[Unirea, Alba|Unirea]], [[Mirăslău]], [[Aiud]], [[Rădești, Alba|Rădești]], [[Teiuș]], [[Sântimbru, Alba|Sântimbru]], [[Ciugud]], [[Alba Iulia]], [[Vințu de Jos]], [[Blandiana]], [[Săliștea]], [[Șibot]]
*[[Hunedoara County]]: [[Geoagiu]], [[Orăștie]], [[Turdaș]], [[Rapoltu Mare]], [[Simeria]], [[Hărău]], [[Deva, Romania|Deva]], [[Șoimuș]], [[Vețel]], [[Brănișca]], [[Ilia, Hunedoara|Ilia]], [[Gurasada]], [[Dobra, Hunedoara|Dobra]], [[Burjuc]], [[Zam, Hunedoara|Zam]]
*[[Arad County]]: [[Petriș]], [[Săvârșin]], [[Birchiș]], [[Vărădia de Mureș]], [[Bata, Arad|Bata]], [[Bârzava, Arad|Bârzava]], [[Conop]], [[Ususău]], [[Lipova, Arad|Lipova]], [[Păuliș]], [[Frumușeni]], [[Fântânele, Arad|Fântânele]], [[Vladimirescu, Arad|Vladimirescu]], [[Arad, Romania|Arad]], [[Zădăreni]], [[Felnac]], [[Pecica]], [[Secusigiu]], [[Semlac]], [[Șeitin]], [[Nădlac]]
*[[Timiș County]]: [[Periam]], [[Sânpetru Mare]], [[Sânnicolau Mare]], [[Cenad]]
*[[Csongrád County]]: [[Nagylak]], [[Magyarcsanád]], [[Apátfalva]], [[Makó]], [[Kiszombor]], [[Ferencszállás]], [[Maroslele]], [[Klárafalva]], [[Deszk]], [[Szeged]]

==Tributaries==
The following rivers are [[tributaries]] to the river Mureș (from source to mouth):{{GeoSource|RO|Atlas|133-191|IV.1}}

Left: Cărbunele Negru, [[Senetea]], Fierăstrăul, [[Șumuleul Mare]], [[Borzontul Mare]], [[Borzontul Mic]], [[Pietrosul]], [[Bacta (river)|Bacta]], Limbuș, [[Piatra (Mureș)|Piatra]], [[Eseniu]], [[Martonca]], Calnaci, Muscă, [[Gălăuțaș (river)|Gălăuțaș]], Zăpodea, [[Măgheruș (Mureș)|Măgheruș]], Mărșinețul de Sus, [[Gudea Mare]], [[Sălard (river)|Sălard]], [[Iod (river)|Iod]], Borzia, [[Sebeș (Mureș)|Sebeș]], Fițcău, [[Idicel]], [[Deleni (Mureș)|Deleni]], [[Gurghiu (river)|Gurghiu]], Mocear, [[Beica (Mureș)|Beica]], [[Habic]], [[Petrilaca]], Valea cu Nuci, [[Terebici]], [[Pocloș]], Budiu, [[Niraj]], Pârâul Mare, Lăscud, [[Sărata (Mureș)|Sărata]], [[Șeulia]], Valea Luncilor, [[Ațintiș (river)|Ațintiș]], Găbud, [[Fărău (river)|Fărău]], Ciunga, Pusta Băgăului, [[Rât (Mureș)|Rât]], [[Târnava]], Hăpria, [[Sebeș (river)|Sebeș]], [[Pianul]], [[Cioara (Mureș)|Cioara]], [[Cugir (river)|Cugir]], [[Vaidei (river)|Vaidei]], [[Romos (river)|Romos]], [[Orăștie (river)|Orăștie]], [[Turdaș (river)|Turdaș]], [[Strei]], Tâmpa, [[Cerna (Mureș)|Cerna]], Herepeia, [[Căoi]], Vulcez, [[Leșnic]], Săcămaș, [[Plai (Mureș)|Plai]], [[Dobra (Mureș)|Dobra]], [[Abucea]], [[Valea Mare (Mureș)|Valea Mare]], Sălciva, [[Peștiș (Mureș)|Peștiș]], Căpriorișca, [[Somonița]], Birchiș, [[Izvor (Mureș)|Izvor]], Corbul, Fiac, [[Suliniș]], Lalașinț, Chelmac, [[Pârâul Mare]], [[Șiștarovăț (river)|Șiștarovăț]], Țârnobara, [[Sinicoț]], Valea Fânețelor de Jos, Zădărlac, and Zădăreni

Right: [[Chindeni]], Arinul Scurt, Chirtoegher, [[Strâmba (Mureș)|Strâmba]], Pârâul Noroios, [[Belcina]], [[Lăzarea (river)|Lăzarea]], Ghiduț, [[Ditrău (river)|Ditrău]], Faier, [[Jolotca]], Filipea, Sărmaș, [[Ciucic]], [[Toplița (Mureș)|Toplița]], [[Călimănel (Mureș)|Călimănel]], Mermezeu, [[Zebrac]], Neagra, [[Ilva (Mureș)|Ilva]], Obcina Ferigelor (Fântânel), [[Răstolița (river)|Răstolița]], [[Gălăoaia]], [[Bistra (Mureș)|Bistra]], Pietriș, Dumbrava, [[Râpa (Mureș)|Râpa]], Agriș, [[Lueriu]], [[Luț]], [[Șar (Mureș)|Șar]], [[Voiniceni]], [[Cuieșd (river)|Cuieșd]], Valea Fânațelor, Șăușa, [[Valea din Jos]], [[Lechința (Mureș)|Lechința]], Ranta, [[Pârâul de Câmpie]], Grindeni, [[Arieș]], [[Unirea (river)|Unirea]], [[Ciugud (river)|Ciugud]], Ormeniș, Mirăslău, Lopadea, [[Aiud (river)|Aiud]], [[Gârbova (Mureș)|Gârbova]], [[Geoagiu (Alba)]], [[Galda (river)|Galda]], [[Ampoi]], Pâclișa, [[Valea Vințului]], [[Blandiana (river)|Blandiana]], Stânișoara, [[Băcăinți]], [[Homorod (Mureș)|Homorod]], [[Geoagiu (Hunedoara)]], Boiul, [[Bobâlna (river)|Bobâlna]], Valea lui Sânpetru, [[Lazu (Mureș)|Lazu]], [[Vărmaga]], [[Certej (river)|Certej]], [[Boholt]], [[Căian]], Bejan, [[Boz (Mureș)|Boz]], [[Sârbi (Mureș)|Sârbi]], [[Băcișoara]], [[Gurasada (river)|Gurasada]], [[Zam (river)|Zam]], [[Almaș (Mureș)|Almaș]], [[Petriș (river)|Petriș]], Crăciuneasca, [[Troaș]], [[Vinești]], [[Stejar (river)|Stejar]], [[Julița]], Valea Mare, [[Grosul]], [[Monoroștia]], [[Bârzava (Mureș)|Bârzava]], Nadăș, [[Conop (river)|Conop]], Cornic, [[Milova]], Jernova, [[Șoimoș]], Radna, [[Cladova (Mureș)|Cladova]], Crac, and [[Száraz-ér]]

== Images ==
<gallery perrow="5">
File:RO HD Soimus Mures River 2.jpg|{{center|Mureș (Maros) river near [[Șoimuș]], Romania}}
File:MuresulLaIlia (6).JPG|{{center|Mureș river near [[Ilia, Hunedoara|Ilia]], Romania}}
File:CetateaSoimos (15).JPG|{{center|Mureș river near [[Lipova, Arad|Lipova]], Romania}}
</gallery>

== See also ==

* [[List of rivers of Romania]]
* [[List of rivers of Europe]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|Mureș River}}

{{Tributaries of Mureș River}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Portal bar|Romania}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mureș (river)}}
[[Category:Mureș basin| ]]
[[Category:Rivers of Hungary]]
[[Category:Rivers of Romania]]
[[Category:Rivers of Harghita County]]
[[Category:Rivers of Mureș County]]
[[Category:Rivers of Alba County]]
[[Category:Rivers of Hunedoara County]]
[[Category:Rivers of Arad County]]
[[Category:International rivers of Europe]]
[[Category:Braided rivers in Europe]]