View source for Mujangga

{{Short description|Manchu statesman}}
{{Family name hatnote|Mujangga|Gogiya|lang=Manchu}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name             = Mujangga
| image            = 
| office           = [[Grand Council (Qing dynasty)|Chief Grand Councillor]]
| term_start       = 1836
| term_end         = 1850
| predecessor      = [[Pan Shi'en]]
| successor        = [[Qi Junzao]]
| office1           = [[Grand Council (Qing dynasty)|Grand Councillor]]
| term_start1       = 1827
| term_end1         = 1850<br>{{small|(as the Chief Grand Councillor since 1836)}}
| predecessor1      = 
| successor1        =

| office2           = [[Grand Secretariat|Grand Secretary of the Wenhua Hall]]
| term_start2       = 1838
| term_end2         = 1850
| predecessor2      = 
| successor2        = 
| office3           = [[Grand Secretariat|Grand Secretary of the Wuying Hall]]
| term_start3       = 1836
| term_end3         = 1838
| predecessor3      = 
| successor3        = 
| office4           = [[Grand Secretariat|Assistant Grand Secretary]]
| term_start4       = 1834
| term_end4         = 1836
| predecessor4      = 
| successor4        =

| office5           = [[Ministry of Personnel|Minister of Personnel]]
| term_start5       = 25 December 1834
| term_end5         = 30 August 1836
| alongside5        = Tang Jinzhao
| predecessor5      = [[Wenfu]]
| successor5        = [[Keying (official)|Keying]]
| office6           = [[Ministry of Revenue (imperial China)|Minister of Revenue]]
| term_start6       = 14 July 1833
| term_end6         = 25 December 1834
| alongside6        = Wang Ding
| predecessor6      = Xi'en
| successor6        = Keying

| office7           = [[Ministry of Works (imperial China)|Minister of Works]]
| term_start7       = 9 January 1832
| term_end7         = 14 July 1833
| alongside7        = Zhu Shiyan
| predecessor7      = Fujun
| successor7        = Boqitu
| term_start8       = 8 January 1827
| term_end8         = 21 September 1831
| alongside8        = [[Pan Shi'en]]
| predecessor8      = Xi'en
| successor8        = Fujun

| office9           = [[Ministry of War (imperial China)|Minister of War]]
| term_start9       = 21 September 1830
| term_end9         = 9 January 1831
| alongside9        = Shi Yizhi
| predecessor9      = [[Songyun (Qing governor)|Songyun]]
| successor9        = Naqing'an
| office10           = Minister of [[Lifan Yuan]]
| term_start10       = 3 March 1824
| term_end10         = 8 January 1827
| predecessor10      = Fujun
| successor10        = Yinghe

| office11           = Viceroy of the Canal Transport
| term_start11       = 1826
| term_end11         = 1826<br>{{small|(acting)}}
| predecessor11      = Chen Zhongfu
| successor11        = [[Nergingge]]
| term_start12       = 1825
| term_end12         = 1825<br>{{small|(acting)}}
| predecessor12      = Wei Yuanyu
| successor12        = Chen Zhongfu

| office13           = [[Viceroy of Zhili]]
| term_start13       = 14 April 1837
| term_end13         = 25 July 1837<br>{{small|(acting)}}
| predecessor13      = [[Qishan (official)|Keshen]]
| successor13        = Keshen {{small|(acting)}}

|birth_date= 1782
|birth_place= 
|death_date= {{death date and age|1856|1782}}
|death_place= 
}}
'''Mujangga''' ({{manchu|m={{ManchuSibeUnicode|ᠮᡠᠵᠠᠩᡤᠠ}}|v=mujangga}}; {{zh|c=穆彰阿|p=Mùzhāng'ā|w=Mu-chang-a|j=Muk6jeong1aa3}}; 1782–1856) was a [[Manchu people|Manchu]] statesman of the late [[Qing dynasty]], belonging to the Gogiya (郭佳) clan. He belonged under the [[Bordered Blue Banner]] in the [[Eight Banners]]. In 1805, he was awarded the [[jinshi]] degree, the highest level in the [[imperial examination]] and quickly rose in the ranks of the Qing government. He became a member of the [[Grand Council (Qing dynasty)|Grand Council]] in 1828 and gradually grew to exercise a decisive influence on the [[Daoguang Emperor]]'s policies. Following the demise of [[Cao Zhenyong]], Mujangga became the chief Grand Councillor in 1837. As tensions in [[Sino-British relations]] rose in 1839, he became one of the chief advocates of a conciliatory policy towards the British and following the outbreak of the [[First Opium War]], he moved to dismiss [[Lin Zexu]] from his position as [[Imperial Commissioner (China)|imperial commissioner]] in September 1840. Around 1845 he was President of the [[Hanlin Academy]].<ref>The Chinese Repository, Volume 14, edited by Elijah Coleman Bridgman, [[Samuel Wells Williams]]</ref> Mujangga's conciliatory policies created tensions with the allegedly more xenophobic heir apparent, and following his accession to the throne as the [[Xianfeng Emperor]], Mujangga was dismissed from all his positions in 1851.

Mujangga was the teacher of [[Zeng Guofan]] — a young Chinese statesman, Confucian scholar, and future general of the [[Xiang Army]] during the [[Taiping Rebellion]] who later became a mentor to [[Li Hongzhang]], a future diplomat of the Qing Dynasty and trade minister of the [[Beiyang Fleet|Beiyang Navy]].

==Further reading==
*Crossley, Pamela Kyle. ''Orphan Warriors: Three Manchu Generations and the End of the Qing World'', page 256. Princeton University Press, 1990.
*{{cite ECCP|title=Mu-chang-a}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Chief Councillors of the Qing dynasty}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1782 births]]
[[Category:1856 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century Chinese politicians]]
[[Category:Manchu politicians]]
[[Category:Grand Councillors of the Qing dynasty]]
[[Category:Grand secretaries of the Qing dynasty]]
[[Category:Assistant grand secretaries]]
[[Category:Viceroys of Zhili]]
[[Category:Manchu Bordered Blue Bannermen]]
[[Category:Presidents of universities and colleges in China]]