View source for Mudéjar architecture of Aragon

{{Short description|World Heritage Site in Aragon, Spain}}
{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
| WHS           = Mudejar Architecture of Aragon
| image         = Cimborrio Mudéjar Catedral de Teruel.png
| image_upright = 1.2
| caption       = Dome of [[Teruel Cathedral]]
| location      = [[Aragon]], Spain
| part_of       = 
| includes      = 10 sites in [[Teruel]], [[Calatayud]], [[Cervera de la Cañada]], [[Tobed]] and [[Zaragoza]]
| criteria      = {{UNESCO WHS type|(iv)}}(iv)
| ID            = 378ter
|embedded     =
{{Location map many|border=infobox
| Spain
| caption     = Main sites in Aragon
| coordinates1   = {{coord|40|20|37|N|1|6|26|W}}
| coordinates2   = {{coord|41|21|0|N|1|38|0|W}}
| coordinates3   = {{coord|41|26|0|N|1|34|0|W}}
| coordinates4   = {{coord|41|20|0|N|1|24|0|W}}
| coordinates5   = {{coord|41|39|0|N|0|53|0|W}}
}}
| year          = 1986
| extension     = 2001
| area          = {{convert|4.269|ha|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| buffer_zone   = {{convert|20.063|ha|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| locmapin      = Spain
| map_caption   = 
}}

'''Mudéjar architecture of Aragon''' is an aesthetic trend in [[Mudéjar art|Mudéjar style]] in [[Aragon]], Spain, and has been recognized in some representative buildings as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

The chronology of the Aragonese Mudéjar occupies 12th to the 17th century and includes more than a hundred architectural monuments located predominantly in the valleys of the [[Ebro River|Ebro]], [[Jalón (river)|Jalón]], and [[Jiloca (river)|Jiloca]].

The first manifestations of Aragonese Mudéjar have two origins: on the one hand, a palatial architecture linked to the monarchy, which amends and extends the [[Aljafería|Aljafería Palace]] maintaining Islamic ornamental tradition, and on the other hand, a tradition which develops [[Romanesque architecture]] using brickwork rather than masonry construction and which often displays Hispanic-rooted ornamental [[tracery]]. Examples of the latter type of Mudéjar architecture can be seen in churches in [[Daroca]], which were started in stone and finished off in the 13th century with Mudéjar brick panels.

From a structural point of view, the Mudéjar architecture in Aragon preferably adopts functional schemes of [[Cistercian architecture|Cistercian Gothic]], but with some differences. [[Buttress]]es are often absent, especially in the [[apse]]s which characteristically have an octagonal floor plan with thick walls that can hold the thrust from the roof and which provide space to highlight brick decorations. On the other hand, buttresses are often a feature of the [[nave]]s, where they may be topped by [[Turret (architecture)|turret]]s, as in the style of the [[Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar]]. There may be [[side chapel]]s which are not obvious from the exterior. Churches in neighborhoods (such as [[San Pablo (Zaragoza)|San Pablo of Zaragoza]]) or small towns do not usually have [[aisle]]s, but locations for additional altars are provided by chapels between the nave buttresses. It is common for these side chapels to have a closed gallery or ''ándite'' (walkway), with windows looking to the outside and inside of the building. This constitution is called a church-fortress, and his prototype could be the church of [[Montalbán, Teruel|Montalbán]].

Typically, the [[bell tower]]s show extraordinary ornamental development, the structure being inherited from the Islamic [[minaret]]: quadrangular with central pier whose spaces are filled via a staircase approximation [[vault (architecture)|vault]]s, as in the [[Almohad architecture|Almohad]] minarets. On this body stood the tower, usually polygonal. There are also examples of octagonal towers.

==World Heritage Site==
[[File:Utebo - Torre de la iglesia Editada.jpg|thumb|170px|Tower of the Church of [[Utebo]].]]

In 1986, [[Unesco]] declared the whole Mudéjar complex of [[Teruel]] a [[World Heritage Site]],<ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/378 Mudejar Architecture of Aragon] Website of UNESCO World Heritage Centre</ref> which was extended in 2001 to include other Aragonese Mudejar monuments:
{| class="wikitable" width="60%"
! Code
! Name
! Place
! Year
|-
| 378-001
| [[Teruel Cathedral|Tower, roof and dome of the Cathedral of Saint Mary of Mediavilla]]
| [[Teruel]]
| 1986
|-
| 378-002
| [[St. Peter's Church, Teruel|Tower and church of San Pedro]]
| Teruel
| 1986
|-
| 378-003
| [[Torre de San Martín|Tower and church of San Martín]]
| Teruel
| 1986
|-
| 378-004
| [[Tower of the church of San Salvador]]
| Teruel
| 1986
|-
| 378-005
| [[Colegiata de Santa Maria la Mayor, Calatayud|Apse, cloister and tower of Colegiata de Santa María]]
| [[Calatayud]]
| 2001
|-
| 378-006
| [[Iglesia de Santa Tecla, Cervera de la Cañada|Parish church of Santa Tecla]]
| [[Cervera de la Cañada]]
| 2001
|-
| 378-007
| [[Iglesia de Santa María, Tobed|Church of Saint Mary]]
| [[Tobed]]
| 2001
|-
| 378-008
| [[Aljafería|Mudéjar remains of the Palace of Aljafería]]
| [[Zaragoza]]
| 2001
|-
| 378-009
| [[San Pablo (Zaragoza)|Tower and Parish church of San Pablo]]
| Zaragoza
| 2001
|-
| 378-010
| [[La Seo Cathedral|Apse, parish and dome of La Seo]]
| Zaragoza
| 2001
|}

The description of the importance given so appropriated:

{{quote|The development in the twelfth century Mudejar art in Aragon is a consequence of the political, social and cultural conditions that prevailed in Spain after the Reconquista. This art, influenced by Islamic tradition, also reflects various contemporary European styles, particularly Gothic. Present until the beginning of the seventeenth century, is characterized by extremely refined and inventive use of brick and glazed tiles in architecture, especially in church steeples.
—Aragonese Mudejar statement on the official website of UNESCO.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/378|title=Mudejar Architecture of Aragon}}</ref>}}

The justification for the statement is supported by the standard IV of the same organization:
Criterion IV:
{{quote|As an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates a significant period in human history. —Selection criteria (UNESCO, World Heritage Site.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/criteria|title=The Criteria for Selection}}</ref>}}

[[File:2 Euro 2020 Spanien - Architektur der Mudéjares.jpg|thumb]]

==See also==
* [[:Category: Mudéjar architecture in Aragon|List of Mudéjar buildings in Aragon]]: include non-World Heritage Sites.

==References==
<references />

==Bibliography used==
* Gonzalo Borrás Gualis, Mudejar art in Teruel, Teruel Studies Institute, 1990. {{ISBN|84-86982-22-7}}.

== External links ==
{{commonscat|Mudéjar architecture in Aragon|<br>Mudéjar architecture in Aragon|position=}}
*[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/378 UNESCO 'Aragon' World Heritage website]
*[https://artsandculture.google.com/story/VwVBrGnQt1ZofQ Explore the Mudéjar architecture of Aragón in the UNESCO collection on Google Arts and Culture]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081020064515/http://www.dpz.es/ifc2/libros/fichas/ebook2292.asp Aragonese Mudejar Art, a complete book of Joseph Galiay Sarañana which is available free on the website of the Institution "Fernando el Católico."]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100929184747/http://www.aragob.es/edycul/patrimo/index2.htm Aragonese Mudejar in the Government of Aragon website.]
* [http://www.aragonesasi.com/mudeabc.php Alphabetic index of Aragonese Mudejar].
* [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/378/multiple=1&unique_number=434 Aragonese Mudejar buildings belonging to the renowned World Heritage Site by UNESCO]
* [http://www.aragonmudejar.com/index.html Online guide of Mudejar Aragonese Art.]
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{{Mudéjar architecture of Aragon}}
{{World Heritage Sites in Spain}}
{{Subject bar |portal1= History |portal2= Spain |commons= y |commons-search= Category:Mudéjar architecture in Aragon}}
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[[Category:Mudéjar architecture in Aragon| ]]
[[Category:Mudéjar architecture| ]]
[[Category:Culture of Aragon]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Aragon]]
[[Category:Architecture in Spain]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in Spain]]