View source for Movement for Changes

{{Short description|Montenegrin political party}}
{{Infobox political party
| country          = Montenegro
| name             = Movement for Changes
| native_name      = Pokret za promjene<br />Покрет за промјене
| logo             = PzP political logo.svg
| logo_size        = 240px
| leader           = [[Nebojša Medojević]]
| foundation       = 17 July 2006 
| ideology         = {{ubl|class=nowrap|
 |[[Populism]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rtv.rs/sk/region/medojevic-prozvao-kacina-i-lajcaka-za-primanje-mita_385651.html|title=Medojević prozvao Kacina i Lajčaka za primanje mita|date=16 April 2013|publisher=RTV|website=rtv.rs|language=Serbian}}</ref><ref name="RFERL1">{{cite news|url=https://www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/evropska-ekstremna-desnica-balkan-crna-gora/29752842.html|title=Evropski populisti stižu u Crnu Goru|date=5 February 2019|publisher=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|RFE/RL]]|newspaper=Radio Slobodna Evropa|language=Serbian |last1=Janković |first1=Srđan }}</ref><ref name="Movement">{{cite web|url=https://www.vijesti.me/vijesti/politika/74116/medojevic-u-briselu-u-movementu-vidimo-istorijski-pokret-za-odbranu-suvereniteta|title=Medojević u Briselu: U "Movementu" vidimo istorijski pokret za odbranu suvereniteta|date=4 February 2019|publisher=Vijesti|website=vijesti.me|language=Serbian}}</ref><ref name="KAF2020">{{cite web|url=https://soc.kuleuven.be/io/english/european-party-monitor/montenegro/party-passport-montenegro.pdf|title=Party passport, Montenegro|publisher=Konrad Adenauer Foundation|date=October 2020}}</ref>
 |[[National conservatism]]<ref name="EElects">{{cite web|url=https://europeelects.eu/montenegro/|title=Montenegro|publisher=Europe Elects|website=europeelects.eu}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/montenegro.html|website=Parties and Elections in Europe|title=Montenegro|first=Wolfram|last=Nordsieck|year=2020|access-date=2 September 2020}}</ref>
 |[[Conspiracy theorism]]<ref>[https://www.blic.rs/vesti/politika/globalni-satanisti-i-pedofili-sulude-teorije-zavere-nebojse-medojevica-vise-stete/rlbfn0h GLOBALNI SATANISTI I PEDOFILI Sulude teorije zavere Nebojše Medojevića], Blic, 20 May 2020</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Martens |first1=Michael |title=Der Mann, der länger herrscht als Lukaschenka |url=https://www.faz.net/2.1677/montenegros-praesident-milo-djukanovic-vor-der-wiederwahl-16924973.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3 |access-date=31 August 2020 |publisher=Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung |date=30 August 2020}}</ref><ref>[https://srbin.info/politika/medojevic-kabalista-ivanovic-i-satanista-djukanovic-rade-na-eliminaciji-hriscanstva/ MEDOJEVIĆ: Kabalista Ivanović i satanista Đukanović rade na eliminaciji hrišćanstva], srbin.info</ref>
 |[[Anti-immigration]]<ref>[https://www.in4s.net/medojevic-migranti-su-vojska-terora-koje-je-primila-vlada-crne-gore/ Medojević: Migranti su vojska terora, koje je primila Vlada Crne Gore], in4s.net</ref><ref>[https://www.vijesti.me/vijesti/medojevic-svuda-vidi-problem-sa-migrantima-objavio-fotografiju-iz-serije-otkrili-ga-na-facebooku Medojević svuda vidi "problem sa migrantima": Objavio fotografiju iz serije], Vijesti</ref>
 |Anti-[[Federalisation of the European Union|European Union federalism]]<ref name="KAF2020"/><ref name="auto"/>
 |[[Pro-Europeanism]]<ref name="EElects"/><ref name="KAF2020"/>}}
| position         = [[Right-wing politics|Right-wing]]
| european         = [[European Conservatives and Reformists Party|European Conservatives and Reformists]] (Until 2022)
| international    = [[International Democracy Union]] <br>[[The Movement (populist group)|The Movement]]<br>(status unknown)
| headquarters     = [[Podgorica]]
| colorcode        = {{party color|Movement for Changes}}
| colours          = [[Navy blue|Navy]], [[yellow]], [[light blue]]
| website          = [http://www.promjene.org promjene.org]
| seats1_title     = [[Parliament of Montenegro|Parliament]]
| seats1           = {{Composition bar|0|81|hex={{party color|Movement for Changes}}}}
| seats2_title     = {{nowrap|[[Municipalities of Montenegro|Local Parliaments]]}}
| seats2           = {{Composition bar|7|844|hex={{party color|Movement for Changes}}}}
| seats3_title     = {{nowrap|[[Municipalities of Montenegro|Mayors]]}}
| seats3           = {{Composition bar|0|25|hex={{party color|Movement for Changes}}}}
}}
{{for|articles with similar names|Movement for Change (disambiguation)}}
'''Movement for Changes''' ({{langx|cnr|Покрет за промјене|Pokret za promjene}}, '''PZP''') is a [[Right-wing populism|right-wing populist]] and [[far-right]] [[List of political parties in Montenegro|political party in Montenegro]]. Its current leader is [[Nebojša Medojević]], the party's founder.

==History==
The party was founded by a group of economists and academics in September 2002 and was modeled after the [[G17 Plus|Group 17 Plus]] in Serbia. It is led by [[Nebojša Medojević]] It operated as a [[non-governmental organization]] under the name '''Group for Changes''' ({{langx|cnr|Група за промјене|Grupa za promjene}}, '''GZP''') until July 17, 2006, when it reconstituted itself as a political party.<ref>[http://m.cdm.me/#/article/433688 Pokret za promjene proslavio deceniju postojanja] CdM</ref><ref name="Bakke">{{Citation |first=Elisabeth |last=Bakke |title=Central and East European party systems since 1989 |work=Central and Southeast European Politics Since 1989 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2010 |page=80 |isbn=9781139487504 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oFXdiS25N78C&q=movement+for+changes+montenegro+liberal+conservative&pg=PA80}}</ref>

In the [[2006 Montenegrin independence referendum]], PzP remained neutral and did not campaign for either option, their choice being an outcome without the Movement's involvement. Although prominent members of the party supported an independent Montenegrin state, they refused to join the Bloc for an Independent Montenegro, led by the DPS. After the referendum, they stated that they did so out of opposition to Đukanović's rule, which they see as corrupt and undemocratic. In the [[2006 Montenegrin parliamentary election|2006 parliamentary election]], the party ran for the first time, winning 11 of 81 seats. It became a vocal opposition party and forged links with the [[Serb People's Party (Montenegro)|Serb People's Party]] and the [[Socialist People's Party of Montenegro]] in an attempt to unify the country's political opposition.

The party put forward amendments as part of the drafting process for the new [[Constitution of Montenegro]], including the suggestion of official language status for the [[Serbian language]] alongside the existing proposal to declare [[Montenegrin language|Montenegrin]] the state language. The proposal was adopted by the ruling coalition, and PzP gave its support for the required two-thirds super-majority to adopt the Constitution. This support damaged its ties with other opposition parties to some extent. The presence of senior officials of the PzP at protests against Montenegrin [[International recognition of Kosovo|recognition of Kosovo]], in turn, alienated some [[Albanians in Montenegro|Albanian]] supporters of the Movement. The party saw a fall in support at the [[2009 Montenegrin parliamentary election|2009 parliamentary election]], falling from 11 seats to 5. The Movement for Changes leader, Nebojša Medojević, was a candidate in the [[2008 Montenegrin presidential election|2008 presidential election]]. He came in third, gathering nearly 17% of the vote. Since the [[2012 Montenegrin parliamentary election|2012 parliamentary election]], the party operates within the populist [[Democratic Front (Montenegro)|Democratic Front]] (DF) alliance.

PzP joined the [[Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe|Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists]] in May 2015.<ref>[http://www.dan.co.me/indexprovjera.phtml?nivo=3&rubrika=Politika&clanak=502105&najdatum=2015-07-22&datum=2015-07-23&naslov=Konzervativci%20i%20PzP%20nastavljaju%20saradnju Konzervativci i PzP nastavljaju saradnju] Dan</ref> In 2019, following Nebojsa Medojevic's meeting with [[Mischaël Modrikamen]] PzP announced its membership in [[The Movement (populist group)|The Movement]], a coalition of populist parties chaired by former White House Chief Strategist [[Steve Bannon]].<ref>[http://www.rtcg.me/vijesti/politika/229953/zajedno-ka-progresivnoj-viziji-eu.html Zajedno ka progresivnoj viziji EU], Radio i televizija Crne Gore, 6 February 2019</ref> In September 2020, the PzP left the DF parliamentary group.<ref>[https://www.vijesti.me/vijesti/politika/471383/medojevic-se-odvaja-nato-i-zapad-prioritet Medojević se odvaja, NATO i Zapad prioritet], 22 September 2020. Retrieved 17 July 2021</ref>

==Ideology==
Initially, the ideological profile of the Movement for Changes was a mix of [[fiscal conservatism]], [[economic liberalism]] and [[anti-corruption]] in economic policy,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.blic.rs/vesti/politika/medojevic-kriminal-i-korupcija-najveci-problemi-crne-gore/pypp094|title=Medojević: Kriminal i korupcija najveći problemi Crne Gore|date=November 28, 2015|website=Blic.rs}}</ref><ref name="Bakke"/> [[atlanticism]] and [[pro-Europeanism]] in foreign policy, and [[moderate conservatism]] on social issues.<ref name="KAF2020"/><ref name="auto"/> Since founding, party has as a proclaimed goal the integration of their country into the [[European Union]] and political and economic reforms to bring it into line with European norms,<ref>[https://mondo.me/info/Crna-gora/a8749/Medojevic-Samo-ja-ubrzavam-put-u-EU.html Medojević: Samo ja ubrzavam put u EU], mondo.me, 13 March 2008. Retrieved 17 July 2021</ref> PzP has also been a vocal advocate for Montenegro's [[NATO]] membership.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/montenegro-arrests/montenegro-jails-opposition-leader-over-his-refusal-to-testify-idINKCN1NZ19V?edition-redirect=in|title=Montenegro jails opposition leader over his refusal to testify|date=30 November 2018|publisher=Reuters|website=reuters.com}}</ref> Recently it takes a cautiously supportive attitude towards the country's EU integrations, opposing the European Union's further federalisation and frequently criticising the Brussels bureaucracy.<ref name="EElects"/><ref name="KAF2020"/> The party, like its NGO predecessor, advocates as part a reform agenda change in the "undemocratic regime of the [[Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro|Democratic Party of Socialists]]" the party that has ruled Montenegro as the dominant partner in every coalition government since the end of communism, and the "dethroning" of multiple-term Prime-Minister and President [[Milo Đukanović]]. PzP also often referred to the Đukanovic regime as example of the [[Mafia state]]. In recent years, the Movement for Changes has increasingly employed a more [[Antiglobalism|antiglobalist]], [[right-wing populist]] and [[Anti-immigration|anti-immigrant]] discourse, frequently depicting the Montenegrin society as fundamentally divided between ordinary citizens and a corrupt [[partocracy]].<ref name="KAF2020"/><ref name="eforum">{{cite web|url=https://www.europeanforum.net/countries/montenegro|title=Movement for Changes, Montenegro|publisher=European Forum|website=europeanforum.net|date=17 August 2022 }}</ref>

==Electoral performance==
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|-
! rowspan="2" |'''Election'''
! rowspan="2" |Party leader
! colspan="4" scope="col" |Performance
! rowspan="2" |Alliance
! rowspan="2" |Government
|-
!Votes
!%
!Seats
!+/–
|-
! [[2006 Montenegrin parliamentary election|2006]]
| rowspan=7 |[[Nebojša Medojević]]
| 44,483
| 13.13%
| {{Composition bar|11|81|hex={{party color|Movement for Changes}}}}
| New
| ''—''
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|-
! [[2009 Montenegrin parliamentary election|2009]]
| 19,546
| 5.92%
| {{Composition bar|5|81|hex={{party color|Movement for Changes}}}}
| {{decrease}} 6
| ''—''
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|-
! [[2012 Montenegrin parliamentary election|2012]]
| 82,773
| 22.82%
| {{Composition bar|5|81|hex={{party color|Movement for Changes}}}}
| {{nochange}} 0
| [[Democratic Front (Montenegro)|DF]]
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|-
! [[2016 Montenegrin parliamentary election|2016]]
| 77,784
| 20.32%
| {{Composition bar|5|81|hex={{party color|Movement for Changes}}}}
| {{nochange}} 0
| [[Democratic Front (Montenegro)|DF]]
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[2020 Montenegrin parliamentary election|2020]]
| rowspan="2" | 133,261
| rowspan="2" | 32.55%
| rowspan="2" | {{Composition bar|5|81|hex={{party color|Movement for Changes}}}}
| rowspan="2" | {{nochange}} 0
| rowspan="2" | with [[For the Future of Montenegro|ZBCG]]
|{{Partial|Support}} {{small|2020–22}}
|-
| {{no2|Opposition}} {{small|2022–23}}
|-
! [[2023 Montenegrin parliamentary election|2023]]
| 1,989
| 0.66%
| {{Composition bar|0|81|hex={{party color|Movement for Changes}}}}
| {{decrease}} 5
| ''—''
| {{no|Extra-parliamentary}}
|-
|}

===Presidential elections===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ [[President of Montenegro]]
! Election
! #
! Candidate
! 1st round votes
! %
! 2nd round 
! %
! Notes
|-
! [[2008 Montenegrin presidential election|2008]]
|{{no|3rd}}
|''[[Nebojša Medojević]]''
|''54,874''
|''16.64%''
| ''—''
| ''—'' 
|
|-
! [[2013 Montenegrin presidential election|2013]]
|{{no|2nd}}
|''[[Miodrag Lekić]]''
|''154,289''
|''48.79%''
| ''—''
| ''—'' 
| [[Independent politician|Independent]], support
|-
! [[2018 Montenegrin presidential election|2018]]
|{{no|2nd}}
|''[[Mladen Bojanić]]''
|''111,711''
|''33.40%''
| ''—''
| ''—'' 
| [[Independent politician|Independent]], support
|-
![[2023 Montenegrin presidential election|2023]]
|{{no|3rd}}
|[[Andrija Mandić]]
|''65,385''
|''19.32%''
|''—''
|''—''
|[[Democratic Front (Montenegro)|Democratic Front]]
|}

==Footnotes==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
*[http://www.promjene.org/ Official Website] (in Serbo-Croatian, with some English content)

{{Montenegrin political parties}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Movement For Changes}}
[[Category:Conservative parties in Montenegro]]
[[Category:European Conservatives and Reformists Party member parties]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 2006]]
[[Category:2002 establishments in Montenegro]]
[[Category:Eurosceptic parties in Montenegro]]
[[Category:Right-wing populism in Montenegro]]
[[Category:Far-right parties in Europe]]