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{{Short description|Norwegian newspaper}}
{{Infobox newspaper
| name               = {{lang|no|Morgenbladet}}
| type               = [[Newspaper]]
| format             = [[Compact (newspaper)|Compact]] ([[tabloid (newspaper format)|Tabloid]])
| foundation         = 1819
| owners             = [[Mentor Medier]] (99,8%)<br>Others (0,2%)
| editor             = [[Sun Heidi Sæbø]]
| political          = None
| headquarters       = [[Oslo]], [[Norway]]
| language           = [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]
| website            = [https://www.morgenbladet.no www.morgenbladet.no]
| circulation        = 32,313 (2022)
| logo               = [[File:Morgenbladet_logo_2022-.png|200px|Morgenbladet logo (2022-)]]
}}
{{Liberalism in Norway}}
[[Image:Morgenbladet 2. januar 1820 - framside.JPG|thumb|''{{Lang|no|Morgenbladet}}'' front page of 2 January 1820]]

'''{{Lang|no|Morgenbladet}}''' is Norway's oldest daily newspaper, covering politics, culture and science, now a weekly [[news magazine]] primarily directed at well-educated readers. The magazine is notable for its opinion section featuring contributions exclusively from Norwegian academics and other intellectuals.

== Current profile ==
On its front page, {{Lang|no|Morgenbladet}} describes itself as "an independent newspaper about politics, culture and academics". It has been described as similar in character to the German {{Lang|de|[[Die Zeit]]}} and Danish {{Lang|da|[[Weekendavisen]]}}.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Östling |first=Johan |date=2009-08-22 |title=Die Zeit står emot trycket |language=sv |work=[[Svenska Dagbladet]] |url=https://www.svd.se/die-zeit-star-emot-trycket/av/johan-ostling |access-date=2017-02-27}}</ref>

Its target demographic is the well educated and culture-oriented, with 68% of readers having more than four years of university or college education.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Morgenbladet annonseinformasjon |language=nb |work=morgenbladet.no |url=https://morgenbladet.no/annonser |access-date=2017-02-27}}</ref> The newspaper aims to be "a meeting place for ideas, a room for reflection and debate, and a place for the long thoughts that are a necessary part of a critical, public debate, but that falls outside of the rhythm of daily newspapers and online outlets".<ref>{{Cite news |title=– Utvidelse av kampsonen |language=nb |work=morgenbladet.no |url=https://morgenbladet.no/samfunn/2015/utvidelse_av_kampsonen |access-date=2017-02-27}}</ref> The newspaper is divided into four major sections: current events, ideas, culture and books.

It was the first major news website in Norway to make the switch to [[Encryption|encrypted-only]] access, through [[HTTPS]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Johansen |first=Glenn Slydal |date=13 January 2016 |title=Morgenbladet først blant de etablerte til å kryptere nettavisen |language=nb |work=Journalisten.no |url=http://journalisten.no/2016/01/morgenbladet-forst-blant-de-etablerte-til-kryptere-nettavisen |access-date=2017-02-27}}</ref> It was also the first to sell individual articles with [[Bitcoin]].<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=802117370227650560 |user=Morgenbladet |title=Nå kan du kjøpe enkeltartikler på morgenbladet.no med Bitcoin. For eksempel denne: |language=no}}</ref>

[[European Newspaper Award]] named it weekly newspaper of the year for 2018, the jury commending its "unmistakable profile content- and designwise".<ref>{{cite web |title=19th Competition – Press Release and List of Winners |url=http://newspaperaward.org/en/19th-competition-press-release-and-list-of-winners/ |access-date=20 February 2018 |website=European Newspaper Award}}</ref>

The newspaper receives some economic support from the Norwegian Government.<ref>[https://journalisten.no/dagen-klassekampen-kortnytt/pressestotte-dagen-og-medier24-far-storst-okning/490689 Pressestøtte: Dagen og Medier24 får størst økning. Klassekampen får fremdeles mest.]</ref>
==History==
''{{Lang|no|Morgenbladet}}'' was founded in 1819<ref name="Cook2001">{{cite book|author=Bernard A. Cook|title=Europe Since 1945: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hafLHZgZtt4C&pg=PA935|access-date=25 November 2014|year=2001|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-8153-4058-4|page=935}}</ref> by the book printer [[Niels Wulfsberg]]. The paper is the country's first daily newspaper;<ref name=Cook2001/> however, ''[[Adresseavisen]]'' was founded earlier. For a long time, ''{{Lang|no|Morgenbladet}}'' was also the country's top-ranking newspaper by circulation. [[Adolf Bredo Stabell]], chief editor from 1831 to 1857, made ''{{Lang|no|Morgenbladet}}'' an important force of opposition, both in politics and literature. Among its writers during this period was the author [[Henrik Wergeland]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://snl.no/Morgenbladet|title=Morgenbladet|website=[[Store norske leksikon]]|access-date=27 February 2017}}</ref>

The leadership of [[Christian Friele]], from 1857 to 1893,<ref>{{cite web|author=Martin Eide|title=The Power of Editing|url=http://www.nordicom.gu.se/sites/default/files/kapitel-pdf/42_125-136.pdf|work=Nordicom|access-date=31 May 2016}}</ref> turned ''{{Lang|no|Morgenbladet}}'' into the leading conservative news outlet in Norway.<ref name="snl">{{cite web|url=https://snl.no/Morgenbladet|title=Morgenbladet|work=Store norske leksikon|date=14 February 2009|access-date=31 May 2016}}</ref> It was read by most people of authority and became the newspaper of high-ranking bureaucrats. It was soon challenged by new competition: ''[[Aftenposten]]'' (1860), catering to the merchant class, and ''[[Verdens Gang]]'' (1868) and ''[[Dagbladet]]'' (1869), representing opposition to the ruling classes.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=A history of the Norwegian press, 1660-2015|last=Dahl|first=Hans Fredrik|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|year=2016|isbn=9781137580252|oclc=919563191}}</ref>

Connections to the conservative party grew even stronger after the turn of the century. [[C. J. Hambro]], who later went on to be chairman of the [[Conservative Party (Norway)|Conservative party]] for eight years and president of the [[Storting]] for eighteen years, was editor of ''Morgenbladet'' from 1913 to 1919.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nbl.snl.no/C_J_Hambro|title=C J Hambro|editor-last=Thyness|editor-first=Paul|website=[[Norsk biografisk leksikon]]|language=no|access-date=27 February 2017}}</ref>

After resisting the directions imposed by the occupants during [[World War II]],<ref name=":0" /> its chief editor [[Olaf Gjerløw]] and news editor [[Fredrik Ramm]] were arrested by the Germans in 1941.<ref name="snl" /> When the new chief editor [[Rolv Werner Erichsen]] was sent to the [[Grini detention camp]] by the German occupying force in 1943, the newspaper was discontinued for the remainder of the war.

After the war {{Lang|no|Morgenbladet}} struggled to survive, partly because it refused to give in to commercialism and carry ads. The conservative and libertarian business organisation [[Libertas (Norway)|Libertas]] owned the newspaper from 1983 to 1987. It was relaunched as an independent commentary newspaper in 1987 under editor [[Hans Geelmuyden (editor)|Hans Geelmuyden]], who resigned along with most of the editorial staff after numerous conflicts with the owner [[Hroar Hansen]]. From 1988 on, Hansen aligned the newspaper with the Norwegian [[Progress Party (Norway)|Progress Party]].<ref name="snl" />

This era came to an end in 1993, when ''{{Lang|no|Morgenbladet}}'' was bought by [[Truls Lie]]. Lie turned the newspaper back into a [[broadsheet]] weekly newspaper, now more [[highbrow]] in tone, with emphasis on culture, art, literature and anti-[[neoliberalism|neoliberal]] politics, in the style of French monthly newspaper ''[[Le Monde diplomatique]]''.

In 2003 ownership once again changed, when the newspaper was bought by [[Fritt Ord (organization)|Fritt Ord]] (a free speech foundation), Forlagskonsult AS/Bjørn Smith-Simonsen and [[Dagsavisen]]. [[Alf van der Hagen]] became publisher, and the newspaper reintroduced the tabloid format. Anna B. Jenssen replaced van der Hagen as publisher in September 2012.

During the period 2003 to 2014, the circulation more than trebled, reaching 29,382 in 2014, which makes it the largest weekly newspaper in Norway by circulation, and the ninth largest of all newspapers.

In a string of purchases from 2013 to 2016, [[NHST Media Group]] bought more than 90 percent of the shares in Morgenbladet AS.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lunde|first1=Mina Ghabel|title=Kjøper mer av Morgenbladet|url=http://www.dn.no/etterBors/2016/03/08/1029/NHST-Media-Group/kjper-mer-av-morgenbladet|access-date=27 February 2017|work=Dagens Næringsliv|date=8 March 2016}}</ref> From 2016, ''{{Lang|no|Morgenbladet}}'''s headquarters are co-located with [[NHST Media Group]] and [[Dagens Næringsliv]] at Akerselva Atrium.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Jensen|first1=Martin Huseby|title=NHST kjøper seg videre opp i Morgenbladet. Har betalt 32 millioner så langt|url=http://journalisten.no/2016/03/nhst-kjoper-seg-ytterligere-opp-i-morgenbladet|access-date=27 February 2017|work=Journalisten|date=8 March 2016}}</ref>

==Circulation==
Numbers from the Norwegian Media Businesses' Association, [[Mediebedriftenes Landsforening]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://medienorge.uib.no/statistikk/medium/avis/190 |title=Opplagstall norske aviser|language=no|work=Medienorge|date=18 November 2015|access-date=20 February 2018}}</ref>

{{div col|colwidth=18em}}

* 1995: 5,057
* 1999: 5,720
* 2000: 6,021
* 2001: 6,746
* 2002: 7,229
* 2003: 8,255
* 2004: 11,608
* 2005: 13,870
* 2006: 15,720
* 2007: 18,735
* 2008: 21,560
* 2009: 22,808
* 2010: 23,637
* 2011: 26,365
* 2012: 28,605
* 2013: 29,337
* 2014: 29,382
* 2015: 29,046
* 2016: 28,870
* 2017: 28,998
* 2018: 29,090
* 2019: 29,070
* 2020: 27,730
* 2021: 29,750
* 2022: 32,313
{{div col end}}

==Chief editors==
{{expand list|date=March 2016}}
* [[Niels Wulfsberg]] (1819–1821)
* [[Rasmus Hviid]] (1821–1831)
* [[Adolf Bredo Stabell]] (1831–1857)
* [[Christian Friele]] (1857–1894)
* [[Nils Vogt (journalist)|Nils Vogt]] (1894–1913)
* [[C. J. Hambro|C.J. Hambro]] (1913–1919)
* [[Olaf Gjerløw]] (1919–1941, 1945–1949)
* [[Rolv Werner Erichsen]] (1941–1943)
* Birger Kildal (1958–1963)
* [[Christian Christensen (editor)|Christian Christensen]] (1963–1982)
* [[Sverre M. Gunnerud]] (1982–1984)
* [[Odd Gisholt]] (1984–1985)
* [[Paul Einar Vatne]] (1985–1987)
* [[Hans Geelmuyden]] (1987–1988)
* [[Hroar Hansen]] (1988–1993)
* [[Truls Lie]] (1993–2003)
* [[Alf van der Hagen]] (2003–2012)
* [[Anna Børve Jenssen]]<ref>{{cite news|author=Cathrine Elnan|title=Anna B Jenssen er Morgenbladets nye sjef|url=http://www.aftenposten.no/kultur/Anna-B-Jenssen-er-Morgenbladets-nye-sjef-6907048.html|access-date=25 November 2014|work=Aftenposten|date=25 June 2012}}</ref> (2012–2019)
* [[Sun Heidi Sæbø]] (2019–)

==See also==
*[[List of Norwegian newspapers]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Commons-inline}}

{{Newspapers in Norway|state=expanded}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Morgenbladet}}
[[Category:1819 establishments in Norway]]
[[Category:Newspapers published in Oslo]]
[[Category:Weekly newspapers published in Norway]]
[[Category:Norwegian-language newspapers]]
[[Category:Publications established in 1819]]