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{{Short description|Smart card cash system by Mastercard}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
[[File:Mondex logo 2016.png|right|190x190px]]
'''Mondex''' was a [[smart card]] [[electronic cash]] system, implemented as a [[stored-value card]] and owned by [[Mastercard]].

Pioneered by two bankers from [[NatWest]] in 1990, it was spun-off to a separate consortium later on, then sold to Mastercard.   

Mondex allowed users to use its electronic card as they would with cash, enabling peer-to-peer offline transfers between cards, which did not need any authorization, via Mondex ATMs, computer card readers, personal 'wallets' and specialized telephones. This offline nature of the system and other unique features made Mondex stand out from leading competitors at the time, such as [[Visa Cash]], which was a closed system and was much closer in concept to a traditional payment cards' transactional operation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://web.mit.edu/ecom/Spring1997/gr13/overview.html |title=Mondex - Technically Focused Research Briefing |access-date=23 September 2022 }}</ref>

Mondex also allowed for a full-card locking mechanism, usage with multiple currencies within a single card, and a certain degree of user anonymity. Mondex cards were at some point common place in many universities at a certain point as they were mostly trialed there, and were also issued as multi-application cards - like combo credit cards, ID cards, and loyalty membership cards.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/mondex-uses-loyalty-woo-uk-retailers/64655  |title=Mondex uses loyalty to woo UK retailers |newspaper=Campaign |date=29 October 1999 |access-date=28 April 2025 }}</ref>

The system was introduced around the world in more than a dozen nations, with various differing implementations. Despite continuous investment from Mastercard, the Mondex scheme did not seem to catch on worldwide and the last place where it operated, Taiwan, had its cards disabled in 31 May 2008, being succeeded by a similar but more technologically advanced system, named Mastercard Cash, which utilized contactless operation, culminating in the [[TaiwanMoney Card]].

The Mondex scheme was a forerunner in the cashless society that is common today via [[mobile payment]], [[digital wallets]], and [[contactless payment]], and was far ahead of its time.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/archives/the-mondex-electronic-money-card-hoped-to-make-cash-obsolete-1.5454888 |title=The Mondex electronic money card hoped to make cash obsolete |access-date=9 May 2023 }}</ref>

==History==
The Mondex scheme was invented in 1990 by Tim Jones and Graham Higgins of [[NatWest]] in the [[United Kingdom]]. In March 1992 internal tests of the system, known at the time as 'Byte', started running at one of NatWest's major computer centres, Goodman's Fields in [[London]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wings.buffalo.edu/academic/department/som/isinterface/is_syllabus/mondex/mondex.html |title=Mondex International: Reengineering MoneyII |access-date=18 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112174634/http://wings.buffalo.edu/academic/department/som/isinterface/is_syllabus/mondex/mondex.html |archive-date=12 November 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Development continued in secret until December 1993, when the system was publicly unveiled with an announcement that the [[Midland Bank]] (which had recently been acquired by [[HSBC]]) had joined the scheme as a 50/50 investment partner.

Initial public trials of the payment system were carried out from July 1995 in [[Swindon]], [[Wiltshire]]. The public phase had required the development and manufacture of numerous merchant devices and smart cards, with [[BT Group|BT]], NatWest and the Midland Bank sponsoring and installing retail terminals at the car parks, payphones, buses and at merchants in the town, and issuing Mondex cards to residents. Within the first five weeks of the trial, 1,900 terminals had reportedly been installed at 620 retailers, and 6,000 cardholders had signed up, with a target of 40,000 cardholders and 1,000 vendors being pursued during the course of the one year trial. By September 1995, all buses, car parks and payphones were meant to accept Mondex, and 20 cashpoints and 300 payphones were meant to support funds transfers using the system.<ref name="computershopper199506_mondex">{{ cite magazine | title=That will do nicely, sir... | magazine=[[Computer Shopper (UK magazine)|Computer Shopper]] | date=June 1995 | pages=448 }}</ref>

In July 1996, NatWest and Midland Bank sold the intellectual property rights to develop the Mondex concept, technology, and brand to a new group called Mondex International, with 17 major banks joining the group as shareholders.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB837716598558835500|title=NatWest Signs 16 Partners For Mondex Cash-Card Firm |first=Nicholas |last=Bray |date=July 19, 1996 |work=[[Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=September 23, 2022 }}</ref> From that point on, Mondex International managed the Mondex brand, oversaw its franchisees and signed contracts with new ones around the globe. It also managed the Mondex technology and developed its software.

In November that same year, Mastercard acquired 51% ownership of Mondex International and fully endorsed the Mondex scheme, promptly abandoning its own electronic cash system which had been in development up until then.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.americanbanker.com/news/mastercard-will-buy-51-of-smart-card-firm-mondex|title=MasterCard Will Buy 51% Of Smart Card Firm Mondex |date=November 19, 1996 |work=[[American Banker]] |access-date=September 23, 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.americanbanker.com/news/mondex-usa-partners-look-to-ambitious-97-tests|title=Mondex USA Partners Look to Ambitious '97 Tests |date=December 9, 1996 |work=American Banker |access-date=September 23, 2022 }}</ref>
Mastercard then acquired full ownership of the company in June 2001.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.finextra.com/newsarticle/2208/mastercard-to-acquire-full-ownership-stake-in-mondex-international|title=MasterCard to acquire full ownership stake in Mondex International |date=June 4, 2001 |work=American Banker |access-date=September 23, 2022 }}</ref>

In 1996 [[Visa Inc|Visa]] and Mastercard agreed to what was known as the Upper West Side trial. Visa deployed Visa Cash, their own electronic cash scheme, and Mastercard deployed Mondex to see if the people on [[Manhattan Island]] would embrace the concept and the technology as a means of replacing cash.

Mondex launched in a number of markets during the 1990s, expanding from the original trial in Swindon to [[Hong Kong]], [[New York City|New York]] and [[Guelph]], [[Canada]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.efc.ca/pages/media/globe.01nov98.html |title=Mondex pulls plug on Guelph pilot project |newspaper=[[Globe & Mail]] |location=Toronto |date=31 October 1998 |access-date=28 January 2007}}</ref> It was also trialled on several British university campuses from the late 1990s, including the [[University of Edinburgh]], [[University of Exeter]] (between 1997 and 2001), [[University of York]], [[University of Nottingham]], [[Aston University]] and [[Sheffield Hallam University]].

Throughout the late 90s and early 2000s trials continued to be executed throughout the world, with varying degrees of customer adoption and popularity. At the end, even the more successful of these trials failed their purpose, as most of the countries which had Mondex pilots never saw a national implementation of the system - in many locations the scheme stayed in an experimental phase until the local Mondex franchisee shut its doors.

==Operation==
As a stored-value system, Mondex cards were designed as an electronic replacement for cash - they always held a certain value, allowing offline transactions to be possible without needing a line of credit or communication with the credit company, like with a traditional credit card. This way they were able to be offered to a sector that wasn't catered by traditional forms of electronic payment.<ref name="roger">{{cite web |url=https://www.rogerclarke.com/EC/Mondex.html |title=The Mondex Value-Card Scheme - A Mid-Term Report |date=15 February 1996 |access-date=10 February 2025 }}</ref>

All value circulated between Mondex cards was issued by an 'originator' - in order to create Mondex value the originator (a part of the local Mondex franchise) would exchange cash with the Mondex partnering banks and provide them with an equal amount of Mondex electronic value, which could be later withdrawn by cardholders using the bank accounts associated to their cards.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://web.mit.edu/ecom/Spring1997/gr13/technology.html |title=Mondex Technology ~ Why Mondex Is Innovative? |access-date=10 February 2025 }}</ref>

===Transfers, card top-up and payments===
Mondex is an open-loop implementation of the electronic cash scheme - instead of transactions occurring only in one way, money can be transferred between any Mondex user.

A transfer of funds using the Mondex card (dubbed an 'electronic purse') operated through a Mondex-enabled device, and in principle occurred between 2 cards - whether it was 2 customers or a customer and a seller.<ref name="roger"/> 

Both would insert their cards into a device which would facilitate the transfer of funds and record the transaction onto the card.
The card's memory consisted of the last 10 transactions.<ref name="roger"/>

In order to top-up their cards, users could use an ATM, go to a bank branch, or visit several stores and businesses with compatible hardware.
Mondex cards that were issued by banks allowed cardholders to transfer funds to and from their personal bank account, which was linked directly to their card.<ref name="roger"/> 

Mondex cards could be used in any store or machine that supported it and had the necessary equipment. Depending on the country where the system was implemented, Mondex cards were accepted at a variety of businesses - supermarkets, department stores, public transport, taxis, car parks, vending machines, restaurants, cafés and many more. Some countries even allowed usage of the cards in lottery games.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.multos.com:80/library/pdf/02-10-00%20Norwegian%20Lottery%20CS.pdf |title=MULTOS Case Study - Post Office and State Lottery join forces to introduce Smart Card Technology in Norway |access-date=28 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040221043841if_/http://www.multos.com:80/library/pdf/02-10-00%20Norwegian%20Lottery%20CS.pdf |archive-date=21 February 2004 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===International use===
Mondex cards carried five 'electronic pockets', separate from one another, each containing money denominated in a different currency. This allowed transactions to be made using one of the 5 currencies loaded on the card. The currencies in the 'pockets' could be unloaded and replaced at any time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cryptome.org/jya/mondex-chip.htm  |title=Mondex Unveils Roll-Out Technology Featuring Enhanced High Security Chip, Multi-Currency and Global Inter-Operability |newspaper=Business Wire |date=24 September 1997 |access-date=10 February 2025 }}</ref>

===Security features===
Mondex cards included a locking mechanism - a PIN would be chosen and inserted to lock the card, and before operating the card again (to view the latest transactions or transfer funds) the cardholder had to insert his PIN and unlock it.

The [[Z notation]] was used to prove security properties about Mondex, allowing it to achieve [[ITSEC]] level E6, ITSEC's highest granted security-level classification.<ref>Susan Stepney, David Cooper, and [[Jim Woodcock]], ''[http://www-users.cs.york.ac.uk/~susan/bib/ss/z/prg126.pdf An Electronic Purse: Specification, Refinement, and Proof]''.[http://web.comlab.ox.ac.uk/oucl/publications/monos/prg-126.html Technical Monograph PRG-126], [[Programming Research Group]], [[Oxford University]], UK, 2000.</ref><ref>[[Jim Woodcock]], Susan Stepney, David Cooper, John Clark, and Jeremy Jacob, [https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00165-007-0060-5 The certification of the Mondex electronic purse to ITSEC Level E6], ''[[Formal Aspects of Computing]]'', Volume 20, Number 1, pages 5–19, January 2008.</ref>

==Card types==
In many countries the electronic purse was issued on a multi-application card, implementing two or more uses within a single card.

In some instances, the Mondex card was issued alongside a regular credit card, allowing transactions to be made either with money stored in the Mondex wallet or via the traditional credit card.<ref name="taiwan3"/> 

Other multi-application uses included a user card in a private health service - holding personal health records and other details in cases of emergency;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.multos.com:80/library/pdf/02-10-00%20Korean%20CS.pdf |title=MULTOS Case Study - Medical Smart Card Offers Korean Patients Improved Healthcare Services |access-date=28 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041102140645if_/http://www.multos.com:80/library/pdf/02-10-00%20Korean%20CS.pdf |archive-date=2 November 2004 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and a club membership card, containing special discounts and benefits. Mondex was also used in numerous locations as an Employee/Student ID,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.multos.com/downloads/marketing/CaseStudy_Hitachi_Employee.pdf |title=MULTOS Case Study - Hitachi Employee ID on MULTOS |access-date=28 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061113192620if_/http://www.multos.com/downloads/marketing/CaseStudy_Hitachi_Employee.pdf |archive-date=13 November 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and as a mass-transit electronic ticket scheme (to be used for buying a ticket or storing a ticket bought in advance).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.smartcard.co.uk/members/newsletters/2001/march2001.pdf |title=Smart Card News - March 2001, page 8 - Kookmin Card in Korea |access-date=28 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070107054939if_/http://www.smartcard.co.uk/members/newsletters/2001/march2001.pdf |archive-date=7 January 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Equipment==
A number of devices allowed operation of Mondex cards (transferring value, viewing card balance, locking/unlocking cards, et cetera), to be used for either personal or commercial use:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hitachi.co.jp:80/Div/nfs/products/index-E.html |title=Products |access-date=28 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970130142326/http://www.hitachi.co.jp:80/Div/nfs/products/index-E.html |archive-date=30 January 1997 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* A balance reader - small keychain sized device that showed the current balance of a card. This device came with every Mondex card sold, so that customers could have an easy way to keep up with the balance loaded up on their card.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hitachi.co.jp/Div/nfs/products/balance_reader-E.html |title=Key Fob Balance Reader |access-date=28 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970130220912/http://www.hitachi.co.jp/Div/nfs/products/balance_reader-E.html |archive-date=30 January 1997 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* An 'Electronic Wallet' - calculator-sized pocket device, allowing an individual to look at their card balance and recent transaction information, change PIN and lock their card, and with a 2-slot wallet - transfer funds between cards.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hitachi.co.jp:80/Div/nfs/products/wallet-E.html |title=Hitachi Electronic Wallet |access-date=28 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970130142326/http://www.hitachi.co.jp:80/Div/nfs/products/wallet-E.html |archive-date=30 January 1997 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* An IC card reader - a simple computer peripheral which allowed a cardholder to manage their card and make transactions through the internet. It was operated entirely through a computer, and enabled a similar feature set to the electronic wallet when using its companion software.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hitachi.co.jp/Div/nfs/products/IC_card_RW_RS232-E.html |title=IC Card Reader/Writer with RS-232C Interface |access-date=28 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970130221003/http://www.hitachi.co.jp/Div/nfs/products/IC_card_RW_RS232-E.html |archive-date=30 January 1997 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* A payphone, for use with a Mondex card as a form of payment; some payphones had similar functions to the handheld wallet, and could be used to make transfers and look at balance and transaction history, lock a card and change its PIN. It was also possible to transfer money to and from the bank account linked to the card.<ref name="roger"/>
* A personal landline telephone, with 1 or 2 card slots, for transfers of funds between purses via the phone, or in person through the second card slot. Otherwise, it had a similar feature set to the payphone machines.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hitachi.co.jp/Div/nfs/products/telephone-E.html |title=Mondex Telephone |access-date=28 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970130220955/http://www.hitachi.co.jp/Div/nfs/products/telephone-E.html |archive-date=30 January 1997 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* A retailer terminal, housing the seller's card and another card slot for the customer's card, and containing a printer and a display. Intended for making transactions at stores as per any other purchase with a normal POS terminal - the customer's card would be inserted into the terminal and the appropriate funds would be transferred to the merchant's card inside. The terminal recorded the latest 300 transactions made with it.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hitachi.co.jp/Div/nfs/products/money_transfer_E.html |title=Mondex Value Transfer Terminal (Stand-Alone) |access-date=28 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970130221025/http://www.hitachi.co.jp/Div/nfs/products/money_transfer_E.html |archive-date=30 January 1997 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* A 'Cashless ATM' - used like a normal ATM would be, with a Mondex card slot instead of cash withdrawal slot, had a similar feature set to the Mondex-enabled telephones, and like them allowed transfer of funds to and from an associated bank account.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hitachi.co.jp/Div/nfs/products/cashless_atm_E.html |title=Cashless ATM |access-date=28 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970130142326/http://www.hitachi.co.jp:80/Div/nfs/products/cashless_atm_E.html |archive-date=30 January 1997 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* A 'Value-Box' - a cash-safe equivalent situated at a bank branch, containing large numbers of Mondex cards to facilitate any transfer made between customers and the bank.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hitachi.co.jp/Div/nfs/products/value_box_E.html |title=Mondex Value Box for Multiple IC Cards |access-date=28 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970130221116/http://www.hitachi.co.jp/Div/nfs/products/value_box_E.html |archive-date=30 January 1997 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Locations==
Notes: The community trial launch date denominates a public trial of the Mondex scheme in that country, not the internal company trials that began prior. The commercial and trial shutdown dates indicate the point where fund withdrawals from the cards were disabled.
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="background:white; text-align:center;"
! width="325pt" |Country name
!Initial franchise partners
!Franchise deal signing date
! width="130pt" |Community trial launch date
! width="130pt" |Community trial shutdown date
!Commercial launch date
!Commercial shutdown date
! width="130pt" |Launched card types (not including Mondex purse)
|- style="background:Lightgrey;"
| colspan="8" |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>'''Africa'''
|-
|{{flag|Ghana}}
|[[Agricultural Development Bank of Ghana|Agricultural Development Bank]] and [[Ghana Commercial Bank]]
|November 1998<ref name="ghana1">{{cite web|url=http://www.mondex.com/webcode/common/content_frameset.asp?ID=582  |title=Ghana Commercial Bank Ltd brings Mondex to West Africa |author=Mondex International |date=12 November 1998 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030313220411/http://www.mondex.com/webcode/common/content_frameset.asp?ID=582 |archive-date=13 March 2003 }}</ref>
|
|
|April 2003<ref name="ghana2">{{cite web|url=http://www.adbghana.com/story.asp?ID=15  |title=Mondex Launched |author=Agricultural Development Bank |date=24 April 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031210010956/http://www.adbghana.com/story.asp?ID=15 |archive-date=10 December 2003 }}</ref>
|
|
|- style="background:Lightgrey;"
| colspan="8" |'''America'''
|-
|{{flag|Canada}}
|[[Royal Bank of Canada]] and [[Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce]]
|May 1995<ref name="canada1">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/05/15/business/an-electronic-payment-system-for-canada.html  |title=An Electronic Payment System for Canada |newspaper=[[New York Times]] |date=15 May 1995 }}</ref>
|Guelph trial: February 1997<ref name="canada2">{{cite web|url=http://www.mondex.ca/news003.html |title=MONDEX ELECTRONIC CASH SYSTEM LAUNCHED IN CANADA |author=Mondex Canada  |date=13 February 1997 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980124062854/http://www.mondex.ca/news003.html |archive-date=24 January 1998 }}</ref>
Sherbrooke trial:
August 1999<ref name="canada3">{{cite web|url=http://www.mondex.ca/eng/media/pr17.htm |title=Mondex™ e-cash Program Officially Launched in Sherbrooke Region |author=Mondex Canada  |date=26 August 1999 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001210014100/http://www.mondex.ca/eng/media/pr17.htm |archive-date=10 December 2000 }}</ref>
|Guelph trial: December 1998<ref name="canada4">{{cite web|url=http://www.mondex.ca/eng/media/pr3.htm |title=Mondex Canada to Complete Guelph Electronic Cash Pilot |author=Mondex Canada  |date=30 October 1998 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000527213510/http://www.mondex.ca/eng/media/pr3.htm |archive-date=27 May 2000 }}</ref>
Sherbrooke trial:
October 2001<ref name="canada5">{{cite web|url=http://mondex.ca/eng/media/pr43.htm |title=Mondex Canada to Complete E-Cash Implementation in Sherbrooke Region |author=Mondex Canada  |date=19 April 2001|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011202035638/http://mondex.ca/eng/media/pr43.htm |archive-date=2 December 2001 }}</ref>
|
|June 2002<ref name="canada6">{{cite web|url=https://www.bis.org/cpmi/publ/d53.pdf |title=Payment and settlement systems in selected countries |author=Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems, Bank for International Settlements  |date=April 2003 }}</ref>
|Combo student ID/library card
|-
|{{flag|Chile}}
|Banco de A.Edwards, [[Banco de Chile]], [[Banco de Credito e Inversiones]], Banco Santiago, Banco Sud Americano and [[Banco Santander]]
|October 1998<ref name="chile1">{{cite web|url=https://cardflash.com/news/1998/10/mondex-chile/ |title=Mondex Chile |author=CardFlash  |date=16 October 1998 }}</ref>
| colspan="5" |No implementation is known to have been launched 
|-
|{{flag|Costa Rica}}
|Credomatic
|June 1997<ref name="costarica1">{{cite web|url=http://www.mondex.com/webcode/common/contents.asp?ID=562 
 |title=Mondex Costa Rica |author=Mondex International |date=4 June 1998 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030328101948/http://www.mondex.com/webcode/common/contents.asp?ID=562 |archive-date=28 March 2003 }}</ref>
|
|
|June 1998
|
|Credit card
|-
|{{flag|Mexico}}
|[[Banco Nacional de México]], [[Bancomer]] and Banco Internacional
|November 1999<ref name="mexico1">{{cite web|url=http://194.153.21.20/webcode/common/contents.asp?ID=597  |title=Mondex Mexico |author=Mondex International |date=24 November 1999 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010729103016/http://194.153.21.20/webcode/common/contents.asp?ID=597 |archive-date=29 July 2001 }}</ref>
|March 2001<ref name="mexico2">{{cite web|url=https://www.bis.org/cpmi/publ/d48.pdf |title=Survey of electronic money developments |author=Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems, Bank for International Settlements  |date=November 2001 }}</ref>
|
|
|
|
|-
|{{flag|United States}}
|[[AT&T]], [[Chase Bank|Chase Manhattan]], [[Dean Witter Discover]], [[First Chicago NBD]], Mastercard, [[Michigan National Bank]] and [[Wells Fargo Bank]]
|December 1996<ref name="us1">{{cite web|url=https://indexarticles.com/business/business-wire/seven-major-companies-unite-to-launch-mondex-smart-card-based-electronic-cash-in-u-s/  |title=Seven major companies unite to launch Mondex, Smart Card-based electronic cash, in U.S |newspaper=Business Wire |date=5 December 1996 }}</ref>
|Upper West Side trial:
October 1997
|Upper West Side trial:
December 1998<ref name="us2">{{cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27750974 |title=The New York City Smart Card Trial in Perspective: A Research Note |author=International Journal of Electronic Commerce  |journal=International Journal of Electronic Commerce |date=2001 |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=119–131 |jstor=27750974 }}</ref>
| colspan="2" |Full implementation never occurred
|
|-
|{{flag|Uruguay}}
|[[Banco de la Republica Oriental del Uruguay]] and Banco de Montevideo
|April 1998<ref name="uruguay1">{{cite web|url=http://www.mondex.com/webcode/common/content_frameset.asp?ID=559 |title=Banco de la Republica Oriental del Uruguay and Banco de Montevideo bring Mondex to Uruguay |author=Mondex International |date=30 April 1998 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020904021503/http://www.mondex.com/webcode/common/content_frameset.asp?ID=559 |archive-date=4 September 2002 }}</ref>
| colspan="5" |No implementation is known to have been launched
|-
|{{flag|Venezuela}}
|[[Banco Mercantil]], Banco Unión, Consorcio Credicard, InterBank and [[Banesco|Banesco Banco Universal]]
|August 2000<ref name="venezuela1">{{cite web|url=http://www.mastercard.com/in/about/press/990716a.html |title=TOP FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS TO LAUNCH MONDEX IN VENEZUELA |author=MasterCard International |date=16 July 1999 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020624101016/http://www.mastercard.com/in/about/press/990716a.html |archive-date=24 June 2002 }}</ref>
|
|
|
|
|Combo student ID/access control<ref name="venezuela2">{{cite web|url=https://www.bis.org/cpmi/publ/d62.pdf |title=Survey of developments in electronic money and internet and mobile payments |author=Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems, Bank for International Settlements  |date=March 2004 }}</ref>
|- style="background:Lightgrey;"
| colspan="8" |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>'''Asia'''
|-
|{{flag|Hong Kong}}
|Hongkong Bank
|October 1994<ref name="hongkong1">{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/hsbc-signs-up-for-natwest-smart-card-1444314.html  |title=HSBC signs up for NatWest smart card |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |date=21 October 1994 }}</ref>
|October 1996<ref name="hongkong2">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27750864  |title=HongkongBank, Hang Seng Bank Announce Roll Out of Mondex Across Hong Kong |author=Customer and Merchant Acceptance of Electronic Cash: Evidence from Mondex in Hong Kong  |date=1998 |jstor=27750864 }}</ref>
|
|November 1997<ref name="hongkong3">{{cite web|url=http://www.hsbc.com.hk/hk/about/press/archive/97nov10a.htm  |title=HongkongBank, Hang Seng Bank Announce Roll Out of Mondex Across Hong Kong |author=[[HSBC]] |date=10 November 1997 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001102023808/http://www.hsbc.com.hk/hk/about/press/archive/97nov10a.htm |archive-date=2 November 2000 }}</ref>
|April 2002<ref name="hongkong4">{{cite web|url=https://forum.hkgolden.com/thread/6793261/page/2  |title=Mondex card terminationa |newspaper=[[Apple Daily]] |date=31 January 2002 }}</ref>
|Student ID
|-
|{{flag|Israel}}
|[[Discount Investment Corporation]] and [[Paz Oil Company]]
|July 1997<ref name="israel1">{{cite web|url=http://www.dic.co.il/press/869562019.html |title=Discount Investment Corporation and Paz Oil Win Mondex Israel Franchise |author=Discount Investment Corporation|date=21 July 1997 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990502182328/http://www.dic.co.il/press/869562019.html |archive-date=2 May 1999 }}</ref>
|June 1998<ref name="israel2">{{cite web|url=https://www.globes.co.il/news/article.aspx?did=88445 |title=Mondex wil begin selling electronic wallets in Rehovot next week |newspaper=[[Globes (newspaper)|Globes]] |date=16 June 1998 |last1=Landau |first=Efi }}</ref>
|
|
|
|Student ID
|-
|{{flag|Japan}}
|[[Mastercard]], [[Sanwa Bank]] and [[Japan Credit Bureau|JCB]]
|February 1999<ref name="japan1">{{cite web|url=http://www.mondexjapan.com:80/japan/prel_english.html  |title=MONDEX ELECTRONIC CASH COMES TO JAPAN |author=Mondex Japan |date=15 February 1999 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990827233756/http://www.mondexjapan.com:80/japan/prel_english.html |archive-date=27 August 1999 }}</ref>
|Community trial doesn't seem to have occurred; Hitachi implemented an Employee ID trial in February 2000<ref name="japan2">{{cite web|url=https://cardflash.com/news/2000/02/hitachi-employee-id-cards/  |title=Hitachi Employee ID Cards |author=CardFlash |date=9 February 2000 }}</ref>
|
|
|
|Employee ID
|-
|{{flag|Philippines}}
|NextStage and Mondex Asia
|October 2000
|Shangri-La Plaza mall trial: March 2001<ref name="philippines1">{{cite web|url=http://www.nextstagegroup.com:80/news.asp  |title=Mondex Card now at Shangri-La Plaza's Kimchi restaurant |author=NextStage Inc. |date=28 March 2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010726233119/http://www.nextstagegroup.com:80/news.asp |archive-date=26 July 2001 }}</ref>
Governmental schools trial: July 2001<ref name="philippines2">{{cite web|url=http://www.jrc.es/cfapp/leodb/details.cfm?ID=1487  |title=Mastercard pioneers Mondex smart card pilot in two Philippine schools |author=Mondex International |date=29 June 2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051102221336/http://www.jrc.es/cfapp/leodb/details.cfm?ID=1487 |archive-date=2 November 2005 }}</ref>
|
|Q4 2002<ref name="philippines3">{{cite web|url=http://www.pse.com.ph/html/ListedCompanies/pdf/1stqtr03_NXT.pdf  |title=NextStage Inc. Quarterly Report |author=NextStage Inc.  |date=31 March 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040113023513/http://www.pse.com.ph/html/ListedCompanies/pdf/1stqtr03_NXT.pdf |archive-date=13 January 2004 }}</ref>
|End of 2005<ref name="philippines4">{{cite web|url=http://bankrupt.com/misc/nextstage2006.pdf  |title=NextStage Inc. Yearly Report |author=NextStage Inc.   |date=31 December 2006 }}</ref>
|
|-
|{{flag|South Korea}}
|Mastercard Korea, [[Kookmin Bank]], Korea Credit Communication, [[Amdahl Corporation]], KDB Capital and TeraSource Venture Capital
|June 1999<ref name="korea1">{{cite web|url=http://www.mondex.com:80/webcode/common/contents.asp?ID=619 |title=Mondex Korea |author=Mondex International|date=17 June 1999 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020121231923/http://www.mondex.com:80/webcode/common/contents.asp?ID=619 |archive-date=21 January 2002 }}</ref>
|October 1999<ref name="korea2">{{cite web|url=http://www.kbanker.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=535 |title=99 MasterCard Korea Annual Meeting held |newspaper=KBanker|date=18 October 1999 }}</ref>
|
|June 2000<ref name="korea3">{{cite web|url=https://www.hankyung.com/it/article/2000062757451 |title='Use electronic money' .. Mondex Korea, commercialized at COEX Mall |newspaper=Hankyung|date=28 June 2000 }}</ref>
|April 2005<ref name="korea4">{{cite web|url=https://www.bok.or.kr/portal/bbs/P0000559/view.do?nttId=74552&menuNo=200690&searchWrd=%EC%9C%84%EC%A1%B0&searchCnd=1&sdate=&edate=&pageIndex=8 |title= Status of issuance and use of electronic money in Korea in 2005 |author=Bank of Korea|date=2 February 2006 }}</ref>
|Combo transportation card/credit card, health service card, gift card, student ID, employee ID, loyalty card
|-
|{{flag|Taiwan}}
|[[Acer Inc|Acer]] and Mondex Asia
|November 2001<ref name="taiwan1">{{cite web|url=http://mastercardintl.com:80/about/press/pressreleases.cgi?id=478 |title=Acer and MasterCard Plan Mondex Roll Out in Taiwan |author=Mondex International|date=23 November 2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020405004223/http://mastercardintl.com:80/about/press/pressreleases.cgi?id=478 |archive-date=5 April 2002 }}</ref>
|Community trial doesn't seem to have occurred; Acer implemented an internal employee cafeteria trial in November 1999<ref name="taiwan2">{{cite web|url=http://194.153.21.20/webcode/common/contents.asp?ID=602 |title=MasterCard International, The Acer Group and Fubon Commercial Bank today jointly announced the launch of the first Mondex smart card pilot in Taiwan |author=Mondex International |date=2 November 1999 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020112214909/http://194.153.21.20/webcode/common/contents.asp?ID=602 |archive-date=12 January 2002 }}</ref>
|
|June 2002<ref name="taiwan3">{{cite web|url=http://www.mondex.com.tw/news_releases/intro_press_center_20030502_1.htm |title=Mondex reduces cash contact to prevent SARS |author=Mondex Taiwan |date=2 May 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031031192625/http://www.mondex.com.tw/news_releases/intro_press_center_20030502_1.htm |archive-date=31 October 2003 }}</ref><ref name="taiwan4">{{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030416222151if_/http://www.mondex.com.tw/intro_press_releases_content_20020611.htm |title=Bank of Taipei "Crystal eCard" The first multi-functional chip credit card combined with Mondex electronic cash The cashless era is here! |author=Mondex Taiwan |date=11 June 2002 }}</ref>
|May 2008<ref name="taiwan5">{{cite web|url=https://blog.udn.com/spark37/1847486  |title=4 million Mondex cash cards are withdrawn |newspaper=United Daily News |date=7 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925012014/https://blog.udn.com/spark37/1847486 |archive-date=25 September 2022 }}</ref> 
|Credit card, lottery ticket card, student ID, loyalty card, taxi card, gift card
|- style="background:Lightgrey;"
| colspan="8" |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>'''Europe'''
|-
|{{flag|Ireland}}
|[[National Irish Bank]] (via parent [[National Australia Bank]]) and [[Ulster Bank]]
|April 1997<ref name="ireland1">{{cite web|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/banks-in-alliance-to-bring-the-mondex-system-to-irish-market-1.67753 |title=Banks in alliance to bring the Mondex system to Irish market
 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |date=30 April 1997 }}</ref>
|
|
|June 2000<ref name="ireland2">{{cite web|url=http://www.mondex.ca/eng/worldwide/Europe.cfm |title=Mondex - Europe
 |author=Mondex Canada |date=2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010719180745/http://www.mondex.ca/eng/worldwide/Europe.cfm
 |archive-date=19 July 2001
 }}</ref>
|
|Loyalty card
|-
| {{flag|France}}
|[[Crédit Mutuel]]
|October 1998<ref name="france1">{{cite web|url=http://www.mondex.com/webcode/common/content_frameset.asp?ID=574 |title=Credit Mutuel to use Mondex to spearhead introduction of electronic "euro" |author=Mondex International |date=9 October 1998 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020121231353/http://www.mondex.com/webcode/common/content_frameset.asp?ID=574 |archive-date=21 January 2002 }}</ref>
|October 1999<ref name="france2">{{cite web|url=https://www.lesechos.fr/1999/10/les-cartes-mondex-du-credit-mutuel-inondent-lagglomeration-de-strasbourg-778363 |title=Crédit Mutuel's Mondex cards flood the Strasbourg conurbation |newspaper=Les Echos |date=14 October 1999 }}</ref>
|Shutdown date unknown; Mondex France closed down in November 2002<ref name="france3">{{cite web|url=https://www.pappers.fr/document/telecharger?token=QWxWM0pVeVNMSVh0Z19SQUNUMDMwMDQ4MjIwNQ&visualiser |title=DECLARATION DE DISSOLUTION SANS LIQUIDATION DE LA SOCIETE MONDEX FRANCE|author=Crédit Mutuel |date=19 November 2002 }}</ref>
|
|
|
|-
|{{flag|Norway}}
|[[Posten SDS]]
|August 1998<ref name="norway1">{{cite web|url=http://www.mondex.com/mondex/cgi-bin/printpage.pl?&path=../documents/newsbelzk.txt |title=POSTEN SDS BUYS MONDEX FRANCHISE FOR NORWAY |author=Mondex International |date=26 August 1998 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000827204001/http://www.mondex.com/mondex/cgi-bin/printpage.pl?&path=../documents/newsbelzk.txt |archive-date=27 August 2000 }}</ref>
|June 2000<ref name="norway2">{{cite web|url=http://www.mondex.ca/eng/media/pr32.htm |title=Mondex Cards Provide National Lottery Solution In Norway |author=Mondex International |date=2 May 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001020231539/http://www.mondex.ca/eng/media/pr32.htm |archive-date=20 October 2000 }}</ref>
|
|May 2002<ref name="norway3">{{cite web|url=http://www.buypass.no/Nyheter/pressemelding-02-05-21.html |title=Norsk Tipping launches games on the Internet |author=Norsk Tipping |date=21 May 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020911104324fw_/http://www.buypass.no/Nyheter/pressemelding-02-05-21.html |archive-date=11 September 2002 }}</ref>
|Shutdown date unknown; Mondex Norway was merged with Buypass in 2008<ref name="norway4">{{cite web|url=https://www.postennorge.no/en/reports/annual-reports/annual-report-2008.pdf |title=Posten Norge - Annual Report 2008 |author=Posten Norge |date=2008 }}</ref>
|Combo lottery card/credit card/electronic ID, student ID, combo employee ID/access control
|-
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|National Westminster Bank and Midland Bank
|December 1993
|NatWest internal employee trial: 1993
Swindon trial: July 1995
|Swindon trial: July 1998<ref name="uk1">{{cite web|url=https://www.bis.org/cpmi/publ/d53.pdf |title=Survey of electronic money developments |author=Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems, Bank for International Settlements  |date=November 2003 }}</ref>
| colspan="2" |Full implementation never occurred
|Combo student ID/library card/access control
|- style="background:Lightgrey;"
| colspan="8" |'''Oceania'''
|-
|{{flag|Australia}}
|[[National Australia Bank]], [[Westpac]], [[Commonwealth Bank]] and [[Australia & New Zealand Banking Group]]
|June 1996<ref name="australia1">{{cite web|url=http://www.mondexinternational.com/history/  |title=Mondex History - 1996 |author=Mondex International |date=1999 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990218054754/http://www.mondexinternational.com/history/ |archive-date=18 February 1999 }}</ref>
|Community trial doesn't seem to have occurred; Westpac Banking Corporation launched an internal trial in August 1997<ref name="australia2">{{cite web|url=http://www.mondex.ca/eng/worldwide/Australasia.cfm  |title=Mondex - Australasia |author=Mondex International |date=1999 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010419231927/http://www.mondex.ca/eng/worldwide/Australasia.cfm |archive-date=19 April 2001 }}</ref>
|
| colspan="2" |Full implementation never occurred
|
|-
|{{flag|New Zealand}}
|[[ANZ Bank New Zealand|ANZ Banking Group (New Zealand)]], [[Bank of New Zealand]], [[Countrywide Bank (New Zealand)|Countrywide Banking Corporation]], the [[National Bank of New Zealand]], [[ASB Bank]] and Westpac<ref name="newzealand1">{{cite web|url=https://indexarticles.com/business/business-wire/new-zealands-westpac-and-trust-bank-starts-first-mondex-trial-in-the-southern-hemisphere/  |title=New Zealand's Westpac and Trust Bank starts first Mondex Trial in the Southern Hemisphere |author=((Business Wire)) |date=24 October 1996 }}</ref>
|June 1996<ref name="australia1"/>
|Community trial doesn't seem to have occurred; Westpac Banking Corporation launched an internal trial in October 1996<ref name="australia2"/>
|
| colspan="2" |Full implementation never occurred
|
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{credit cards}}

[[Category:Financial services companies established in 1993]]
[[Category:Payment systems]]
[[Category:Formal methods]]
[[Category:Z notation]]
[[Category:Mastercard]]
[[Category:NatWest Group]]
[[Category:Stored-value payment card]]