View source for Minuartia

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants in the carnation family Caryophyllaceae}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Minuartia gerardii.jpg
|image_caption = ''[[Minuartia gerardii]]''
|taxon = Minuartia
|authority = [[Loefl.]] (1753)
|type_species = ''[[Minuartia dichotoma]]''
|type_species_authority = L.
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = 67; see text
|subdivision_ref = <ref name = powo>{{cite web|title=''Minuartia'' Loefl.|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30406119-2
|website=Plants of the World Online|publisher=Royal Botanical Gardens Kew |access-date=24 March 2024}}</ref>
|synonyms = 
*''Alsine'' {{small|[[Gaertn.]] (1791), nom. illeg.}}
*''Alsinopsis'' {{small|Small (1903)}}
*''Phlebanthia'' {{small|[[Rchb.]] (1843)}}
*''Queria'' {{small|L. (1753)}}
|synonyms_ref = <ref name = powo/>
}}

'''''Minuartia''''' is a [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s commonly known as '''[[sandwort]]s''' in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Caryophyllaceae]].

Minuartias are small annual or perennial plants which grow in otherwise inhospitable conditions such as on rocky ledges and in stony soil. Species are distributed in Eurasia and parts of Africa, including Europe, the Mediterranean region, northern and eastern Africa, the [[Caucasus]], western and central Asia, Japan, and Far Eastern Russia.<ref name="dillenberger2014">{{cite journal |last1=Dillenberger |first1=Markus S. |last2=Kadereit |first2=Joachim W. |title=Maximum polyphyly: Multiple origins and delimitation with plesiomorphic characters require a new circumscription of (Caryophyllaceae) |journal=Taxon |date=1 February 2014 |volume=63 |issue=1 |pages=64–88 |doi=10.12705/631.5}}</ref><ref name=powo/>

Many ''Minuartia'' species were formerly classed in the genus ''[[Arenaria (plant)|Arenaria]]'', and the obsolete genus ''Alsine''. In 2014, the [[polyphyly|polyphyletic]] ''Minuartia'' ''[[sensu lato]]'' was [[circumscription (taxonomy)|recircumscribed]], with many of the species transferred to other genera, including ''[[Cherleria]]'', ''[[Eremogone]]'', ''[[Facchinia]]'', ''[[Mcneillia]]'', ''[[Minuartiella]]'', ''[[Mononeuria]]'', ''[[Pseudocherleria]]'', ''[[Rhodalsine]]'', ''[[Sabulina (plant)|Sabulina]]'', and ''[[Triplateia]]''.<ref name=dillenberger2014/> ''Minuartia'' ''[[sensu stricto]]'' is characterized by the following features: leaves linear-setaceous; 5 acute sepals with 3, 5, or 9-veins; 5 white petals; 3 styles, forming 3-parted capsules.<ref name=dillenberger2014/>

The genus was named for [[Juan Minuart]] (1693–1768), a Spanish botanist and pharmacist.<ref name=fotcr>{{cite book |last1=Wilhelm |first1=Gerould |last2=Rericha |first2=Laura |date=2017 |title=Flora of the Chicago Region: A Floristic and Ecological Synthesis |publisher=Indiana Academy of Sciences}}</ref>

==Species==
67 species are accepted.<ref name = powo/>
*''[[Minuartia abchasica]]'' {{small|Schischk.}}
*''[[Minuartia adenotricha]]'' {{small|Schischk.}}
*''[[Minuartia aksoyi]]'' {{small|Koç & Hamzaoğlu}}
*''[[Minuartia alpuensis]]'' {{small|Çilden & Altınözlü}}
*''[[Minuartia anatolica]]'' {{small|(Boiss.) Woronow}}
*''[[Minuartia athoa]]'' {{small|(Griseb.) Kamari}}
*''[[Minuartia bosniaca]]'' {{small|(Beck) K.Malý}} – Bosnian sandwort
*''[[Minuartia bulgarica]]'' {{small|(Velen.) Graebn.}}
*''[[Minuartia buschiana]]'' {{small|Schischk.}}
*''[[Minuartia campestris]]'' {{small|L.}}
*''[[Minuartia confusa]]'' {{small|(Boiss.) Maire & Petitm.}}
*''[[Minuartia corymbulosa]]'' {{small|(Boiss. & Balansa) McNeill}}
*''[[Minuartia cymifera]]'' {{small|(Rouy & Foucaud) Graebn.}}
*''[[Minuartia decipiens]]'' {{small|(Fenzl) Bornm.}}
*''[[Minuartia dichotoma]]'' {{small|L.}}
*''[[Minuartia ebracteolata]]'' {{small|Majumdar & G.S.Giri}}
*''[[Minuartia ellenbeckii]]'' {{small|(Engl.) M.G.Gilbert}}
*''[[Minuartia erythrosepala]]'' {{small|(Boiss.) Hand.-Mazz.}}
*''[[Minuartia eurytanica]]'' {{small|(Boiss. & Heldr.) Hand.-Mazz.}}
*''[[Minuartia euxina]]'' {{small|Klokov}}
*''[[Minuartia filifolia]]'' {{small|(Forssk.) Mattf.}}
*''[[Minuartia funkii]]'' {{small|(Jord.) Graebn.}}
*''[[Minuartia globulosa]]'' {{small|(Labill.) Schinz & Thell.}}
*''[[Minuartia glomerata]]'' {{small|(M.Bieb.) Degen}}
*''[[Minuartia granuliflora]]'' {{small|(Fenzl) Grossh.}}
*''[[Minuartia greuteriana]]'' {{small|Kamari}}
*''[[Minuartia hamata]]'' {{small|(Hausskn. & Bornm.) Mattf.}}
*''[[Minuartia hamzaoglui]]'' {{small|Koç & Aksoy}}
*''[[Minuartia hirsuta]]'' {{small|(M.Bieb.) Hand.-Mazz.}}
*''[[Minuartia hondoensis]]'' {{small|(Ohwi) Ohwi}}
*''[[Minuartia innominata]]'' {{small|McNeill}}
*''[[Minuartia intermedia]]'' {{small|(Boiss.) Hand.-Mazz.}}
*''[[Minuartia isaurica]]'' {{small|McNeill}}
*''[[Minuartia kitanovii]]'' {{small|Panov}}
*''[[Minuartia krascheninnikovii]]'' {{small|Schischk.}}
*''[[Minuartia lanuginosa]]'' {{small|(H.J.Coste) Braun-Blanq.}}
*''[[Minuartia leucocephala]]'' {{small|(Boiss.) Mattf.}}
*''[[Minuartia leucocephaloides]]'' {{small|(Bornm.) Bornm.}}
*''[[Minuartia libanotica]]'' {{small|(Boiss.) Bornm.}}
*''[[Minuartia mairei]]'' {{small|Quézel}}
*''[[Minuartia meyeri]]'' {{small|(Boiss.) Bornm.}}
*''[[Minuartia micrantha]]'' {{small|Schischk.}}
*''[[Minuartia montana]]'' {{small|L.}}
*''[[Minuartia mucronata]]'' {{small|(L.) Schinz & Thell.}}
*''[[Minuartia multinervis]]'' {{small|(Boiss.) Bornm.}}
*''[[Minuartia nifensis]]'' {{small|McNeill}}
*''[[Minuartia palyzanica]]'' {{small|Proskur.}}
*''[[Minuartia parvulorum]]'' {{small|Mouterde & Sam. ex Rech.f.}}
*''[[Minuartia pauciflora]]'' {{small|(Kit.) Dvořáková}}
*''[[Minuartia perdita]]'' {{small|Dvořáková}}
*''[[Minuartia recurva]]'' {{small|(All.) Schinz & Thell.}} – recurved sandwort, sickle-leaved sandwort
*''[[Minuartia rostrata]]'' {{small|(Pers.) Rchb.}}
*''[[Minuartia rumelica]]'' {{small|Panov}}
*''[[Minuartia sandwithii]]'' {{small|Maire & N.D.Simpson}}
*''[[Minuartia sclerantha]]'' {{small|(Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Thell.}}
*''[[Minuartia setacea]]'' {{small|(Thuill.) Hayek}}
*''[[Minuartia sintenisii]]'' {{small|(H.Lindb.) Rech.f.}} – Troodos sandwort
*''[[Minuartia smejkalii]] (<small>Dvořáková)</small>''
*''[[Minuartia stereoneura]]'' {{small|Mattf.}}
*''[[Minuartia stojanovii]]'' {{small|(Kitan.) Kožuharov & Kuzmanov}}
*''[[Minuartia strandjensis]]'' {{small|Panov}}
*''[[Minuartia tchihatchewii]]'' {{small|(Boiss.) Hand.-Mazz.}}
*''[[Minuartia tenuissima]]'' {{small|(Pomel) Mattf.}}
*''[[Minuartia torosensis]]'' {{small|Koç & Hamzaoğlu}}
*''[[Minuartia tricostata]]'' {{small|A.P.Khokhr.}}
*''[[Minuartia turcica]]'' {{small|Koç}}
*''[[Minuartia valedictionis]]'' {{small|McNeill}}
*''[[Minuartia woronowii]]'' {{small|Schischk.}}

===Formerly placed here===
* ''[[Cherleria arctica]]'' {{small|(Steven ex Ser.) A.J.Moore & Dillenb.}} – Arctic sandwort (as ''Minuartia arctica'' {{small|(Steven ex Ser.) Graebn.}})
*''[[Cherleria biflora]]'' {{small|(L.) A.J.Moore & Dillenb.}} – mountain sandwort (as ''Minuartia biflora'' {{small|(L.) Schinz & Thell.}})
*''[[Cherleria dirphya]]'' {{small|(Trigas & Iatroú) A.J.Moore & Dillenb.}} (as ''Minuartia dirphya'' {{small|Trigas & Iatroú}})
*''[[Cherleria laricifolia]]'' {{small|(L.) Iamonico}} (as ''Minuartia laricifolia'' {{small|(L.) Schinz & Thell.}})
*''[[Cherleria marcescens]]'' {{small|(Fernald) A.J.Moore & Dillenb.}} – serpentine sandwort (as ''Minuartia marcescens'' {{small|(Fernald) House}})
*''[[Cherleria obtusiloba]]'' {{small|(Rydb.) A.J.Moore & Dillenb.}}  – twinflower sandwort (as ''Minuartia obtusiloba''  {{small|(Rydb.) House}})
*''[[Cherleria sedoides]]'' {{small|L.}} (as ''Minuartia sedoides'' {{small|(L.) Hiern}})
*''[[Cherleria yukonensis]]'' {{small|(Hultén) A.J.Moore & Dillenb.}} – Yukon sandwort (as ''Minuartia yukonensis'' {{small|Hultén}})
*''[[Facchinia cherlerioides]]'' {{small|(Sieber) Dillenb. & Kadereit}} (as ''Minuartia cherlerioides'' {{small|(Sieber) Bech.}})
*''[[Geocarpon carolinianum]]'' {{small|(Walter) E.E.Schill.}} – pinebarren sandwort (as ''Minuartia caroliniana'' {{small|(Walter) Mattf.}})
*''[[Geocarpon cumberlandense]]'' {{small|(Wofford & R.Kral) E.E.Schill.}} – Cumberland sandwort (as ''Minuartia cumberlandensis'' {{small|(Wofford & R.Kral) McNeill}})
*''[[Geocarpon glabrum]]'' {{small|(Michx.) E.E.Schill.}} – Appalachian sandwort (as ''Minuartia glabra'' {{small|(Michx.) Mattf.}})
*''[[Geocarpon groenlandicum]]'' {{small|(Retz.) E.E.Schill.}} – Greenland stitchwort, mountain sandwort (as ''Minuartia groenlandica'' {{small|(Retz.) Ostenf.}})
*''[[Geocarpon nuttallii]]'' {{small|(Torr. & A.Gray) E.E.Schill.}} – Drummond's sandwort (as ''Minuartia nuttallii'' {{small|(Torr. & A.Gray) Mattf.}} and ''M. drummondii'' {{small|(Shinners) McNeill}})
*''[[Geocarpon uniflorum]]'' {{small|(Walter) E.E.Schill.}} (as ''Minuartia uniflora'' {{small|(Walter) Mattf.}})
*''[[Mcneillia graminifolia]]'' {{small|(Ard.) Dillenb. & Kadereit}} (as ''Minuartia graminifolia'' {{small|(Ard.) Jáv.}})
*''[[Pseudocherleria macrocarpa]]'' {{small|(Pursh) Dillenb. & Kadereit}}  – longpod sandwort (as ''Minuartia macrocarpa'' {{small|(Pursh) Ostenf.}})
*''[[Sabulina austromontana]]'' {{small|(S.J.Wolf & Packer) Dillenb. & Kadereit}} – Columbian sandwort (as ''Minuartia austromontana'' {{small|S.J.Wolf & Packer}})
*''[[Sabulina californica]]'' {{small|(A.Gray) Dillenb. & Kadereit}} – California sandwort (as ''Minuartia californica'' {{small|(A.Gray) Mattf.}})
*''[[Sabulina cismontana]]'' {{small|(Meinke & Zika) Dillenb. & Kadereit}} (as ''Minuartia cismontana'' {{small|Meinke & Zika}})
*''[[Sabulina dawsonensis]]'' {{small|(Britton) Rydb.}} – rock sandwort (as ''Minuartia dawsonensis'' {{small|(Britton) House}})
*''[[Sabulina decumbens]]'' {{small|(T.W.Nelson & J.P.Nelson) Dillenb. & Kadereit}} – Lassicus sandwort (as ''Minuartia decumbens'' {{small|T.W.Nelson & J.P.Nelson}})
*''[[Sabulina douglasii]]'' {{small|(Fenzl ex Torr. & A.Gray) Dillenb. & Kadereit}} – Douglas' sandwort (as ''Minuartia douglasii'' {{small|(Fenzl ex Torr. & A.Gray) Mattf.}})
*''[[Sabulina elegans]]'' {{small|(Cham. & Schltdl.) Dillenb. & Kadereit}} (as ''Minuartia elegans'' {{small|(Cham. & Schltdl.) Schischk.}})
*''[[Sabulina howellii]]'' {{small|(S.Watson) Dillenb. & Kadereit}} – Howell's sandwort (as ''Minuartia howellii'' {{small|(S.Watson) Mattf.}})
*''[[Sabulina juniperina]]'' {{small|(L.) Dillenb. & Kadereit}} (as ''Minuartia juniperina'' {{small|(L.) Maire & Petitm.}}
*''[[Sabulina macra]]'' {{small|(A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr.) Dillenb. & Kadereit}} – slender sandwort (as ''Minuartia tenella'' {{small|(J.Gay) Mattf.}})
*''[[Sabulina macrantha]]'' {{small|(Rydb.) Dillenb. & Kadereit}} – House's sandwort or threadbranch sandwort (as ''M. macrantha'' {{small|(Rydb.) House}} and ''M. filiorum'' {{small|(Maguire) McNeill}})
*''[[Sabulina michauxii]]'' {{small|(Fenzl) Dillenb. & Kadereit}} – rock sandwort (as ''Minuartia michauxii'' {{small|(Fenzl) Farw.}})
*''[[Sabulina muscorum]]'' {{small|(Fassett) E.E.Schill.}} – Dixie sandwort (as ''Minuartia muscorum'' {{small|(Fassett) Rabeler}})
*''[[Sabulina nuttallii]]'' {{small|(Pax) Dillenb. & Kadereit}} – Nuttall's sandwort (as ''Minuartia nuttallii'' {{small|(Pax) Briq.}})
*''[[Sabulina paludicola]]'' {{small|(Fernald & B.G.Schub.) E.E.Schill.}} – Godfrey's sandwort (as ''Minuartia godfreyi'' {{small|(Shinners) McNeill}})
*''[[Sabulina patula]]'' {{small|(Michx.) Small ex Rydb.}} – pitcher's sandwort (as ''Minuartia patula'' {{small|(Michx.) Mattf.}})
*''[[Sabulina pusilla]]'' {{small|(S.Watson) Dillenb. & Kadereit}} – annual sandwort (as ''Minuartia pusilla'' {{small|(S.Watson) Mattf.}})
*''[[Sabulina rosei]]'' {{small|(Maguire & Barneby) Dillenb. & Kadereit}} – peanut sandwort (as ''Minuartia rosei'' {{small|(Maguire & Barneby) McNeill}})
*''[[Sabulina rossii]]'' {{small|(R.Br. ex Richardson) Dillenb. & Kadereit}} – Ross' sandwort (as ''Minuartia rossii'' {{small|(R.Br. ex Richardson) Graebn.}})
*''[[Sabulina rubella]]'' {{small|(Wahlenb.) Dillenb. & Kadereit}} (as ''Minuartia rubella'' {{small|(Wahlenb.) Hiern}})
*''[[Sabulina stolonifera]]'' {{small|(T.W.Nelson & J.P.Nelson) Dillenb. & Kadereit}} (as ''Minuartia stolonifera'' {{small|T.W.Nelson & J.P.Nelson}})
*''[[Sabulina stricta]]'' {{small|(Sw.) Rchb.}} – bog sandwort (as ''Minuartia stricta'' {{small|(Sw.) Hiern}})
*''[[Sabulina verna]]'' {{small|(L.) Rchb.}} – spring sandwort (as ''Minuartia verna'' {{small|(L.) Hiern}})
*''[[Sabulina viscosa]]'' {{small|(Schreb.) Rchb.}} (as ''Minuartia viscosa'' {{small|(Schreb.) Schinz & Thell.}})

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q163073}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Minuartia| ]]
[[Category:Caryophyllaceae genera]]