View source for Mini (marque)

{{Short description|British automotive brand}}
{{Other uses of|mini}}
{{Pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox brand
| name           = Mini
| logo           = [[File:MINI logo.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert]]
| producttype    = Cars
| currentowner   = [[BMW]] (2000–present)
| producedby     = BMW
| related        = [[John Cooper Works]]
| origin         = United Kingdom
| introduced     = {{bulleted list
 |1= As a car model {{Start date and age|df=yes|1959}}
 |2= As a standalone brand {{Start date and age|df=yes|1969}}
}}
| markets        = Worldwide
| previousowners = {{Plainlist|
* {{Nowrap|[[British Motor Corporation]] (1959–1968)}}
* {{Nowrap|[[British Leyland]] (1968–1986)}}
* {{Nowrap|[[Rover Group]] (1986–2000)}}
}}
| website        = {{URL|mini.com}}
}}

'''Mini''' (stylised as '''MINI''')<ref name="Mini, modern icon"/> is a British automotive [[brand]] founded in [[Oxford]] in 1969, marketed by German multinational automotive company [[BMW]] since 2000, and used by them for a range of [[Supermini|small cars]] assembled in the United Kingdom, Austria, Netherlands (until 16 February 2024) and Germany. The current Mini range includes the Cooper [[Mini Hatch|Hardtop/Hatch/Convertible]] (three and five-door hatchback), [[Mini Aceman|Aceman]] and [[Mini Countryman|Countryman]] (five-door [[Crossover (automobile)|crossovers]]). The word Mini has been used in car model names since 1959, and in 1969 it became a brand in its own right when the name "Mini" replaced the separate "[[Austin Motor Company|Austin]] Mini" and "[[Morris Motors|Morris]] Mini" car model names.<ref name="Michael Sedgwick 1970">Michael Sedgwick & Mark Gillies, A-Z of Cars 1945–1970, 1986</ref><ref name="aro-story2">{{cite web|last=Adams|first=Keith|title=Mini development story Pt.2|url=http://www.aronline.co.uk/ado15story2f.htm|work=AROnline|author2=Ian Nicholls|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003054039/http://www.aronline.co.uk/ado15story2f.htm|archive-date=3 October 2011}}</ref> BMW acquired the brand in 1994 when it bought [[Rover Group]] (formerly [[British Leyland]]), which owned Mini, among other brands.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/motoring/motorsport/8102802/MINI-joins-the-World-Rally-Championship.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/motoring/motorsport/8102802/MINI-joins-the-World-Rally-Championship.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=MINI joins the World Rally Championship|access-date=7 September 2011|work=The Telegraph|date=10 November 2010|location=London|first=Dan|last=Prosser}}{{cbignore}}</ref><!-- voice any complaints about it not being a brand on the discussion page (click on the link at the top of this page) --><ref>{{cite news |last=Cobb |first=James G. |date=15 September 2000 |title=New Mini: Retro in a Smaller Role |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F60911FC385C0C768DDDA00894D8404482 |access-date=21 November 2010 |work=The New York Times}}</ref>

The original [[Mini]] was a line of British small cars manufactured by the [[British Motor Corporation]] (BMC), which in 1966 became part of [[British Motor Holdings]]. This merged with [[Leyland Motors]] in 1968 to form [[British Leyland]].<ref name=chrisreed/> In the 1980s, British Leyland was broken-up and in 1988 Rover Group, including Mini, was acquired by [[British Aerospace]].<ref name=chrisreed/> Mini models included the Morris Mini-Minor and the Austin Seven, the [[Mini#Countryman|Countryman]], [[Mini Moke|Moke]], 1275GT and [[Mini#Mini Clubman and 1275GT: 1969–1980|Clubman]].<ref name=chrisreed>{{cite book | author=Reed, Chris | title=Complete Mini: 35 Years of Production History, Model Changes, Performance Data | isbn=0-947981-88-8 | year=1994 | publisher=MRP | location=Croydon }}</ref> Performance versions of these models used the name [[Mini#Mini Cooper and Cooper S: 1961–1971; 1990–2000|Cooper]], due to a partnership with racing legend [[John Cooper (car maker)|John Cooper]]. The original Mini continued in production until 2000.

Following BMW's acquisition of Rover Group, BMW broke up the company but retained the Mini brand, beginning development of a modern successor to the Mini which was launched in 2001 by BMW and built at the historic former Morris Motors '[[Plant Oxford]]' site in Cowley, Oxfordshire. The Mini Clubman, Coupe and Roadster were also assembled here.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6525601.stm|title=Millionth Mini produced in Oxford|access-date=21 November 2010|work=BBC News|date=4 April 2007}}</ref> The third (F57) generation Mini Convertible and second (F60) generation of the [[Mini Countryman#Second generation (F60; 2016)|Countryman]] were assembled at [[VDL Nedcar]] in [[Born (Netherlands)|Born, Netherlands]]. The Mini (F56) 3-door Hatch/Hardtop was assembled at both plants, with the (F55) 5-door being exclusively assembled at Oxford.<ref name="press.bmwgroup.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/united-kingdom/article/detail/T0185762EN_GB/the-new-mini-5-door-hatch-rolls-off-the-lines-at-oxford?language=en_GB|title=The new MINI 5-door Hatch rolls off the lines at Oxford |website=BMW Press Group}}</ref> The Paceman and first generation (R60) Countryman were assembled by [[Magna Steyr]] in Austria.<ref name="Car Magazine">{{cite web | url=http://www.carmagazine.co.uk/News/Search-Results/First-Official-Pictures/Mini-Countryman-2010-first-official-pictures/ | title=Mini Countryman (2010): first official pictures|access-date=2 February 2011 |publisher=Car Magazine}}</ref> The third generation (U25) of the [[Mini Countryman#Third generation (U25; 2023)|Mini Countryman]] is produced in [[Germany]] at [[BMW Central Building|BMW's Leipzig plant]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mini.com/en_MS/home/new-family/MINI-Countryman-production-in_Leipzig.html|title=A MINI made in Germany : The new Mini Countryman|publisher=Mini}}</ref> From 2024, all combustion engined (F65/F66/F67) Mini Cooper hatch and convertible production will be centred at Oxford.<ref name="Mini Plant Oxford 600m investment">Mini Plant Oxford 600m investment{{cite web|url=https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0436894EN/mini-plant-oxford-goes-electric:-£600m-investment-for-all-electric-mini-production-in-the-uk?language=en#:~:text=From%202024%20the%20plant%20will,door%20and%20the%20MINI%20Aceman. | title=Mini Plant Oxford £600m investment}}</ref> A total of 301,526 Mini vehicles by BMW were sold worldwide in 2012.<ref name="2012sales">{{cite web |title=BMW Group posts highest sales ever in 2012 |url=https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/pressclub/p/pcgl/pressDetail.html;jsessionid=NZQnSnSZTpXnnH1vZg8ZMQDnf8vs8mPZtcDn8q9jZRRtRrhjvjLQ!-1795014553?title=bmw-group-posts-highest-sales-ever-in-2012&outputChannelId=6&id=T0135988EN&left_menu_item=node__2201# |access-date=15 December 2013 |publisher=BMW Group}}</ref>

Mini vehicles have been active in rallying and the Mini Cooper S won the Monte Carlo Rally on three occasions, in 1964, 1965 and 1967. Mini has participated in the [[World Rally Championship]] since 2011 through the [[Prodrive WRC Team]]. 
{{TOC limit|limit=3}}

==History==

===1959 to 1990===
{{Main|Mini}}        
[[File:Morris Mini-Minor 1959 (621 AOK).jpg|thumb|right|1959 Morris Mini-Minor]]

The original two-door Mini was a small car produced by the British Motor Corporation (BMC) and its successors from 1959 until 2000. It is considered an icon of the 1960s,<ref name="chrisreed"/><ref name="reed1">{{cite book | author=Reed, Chris | title= Complete Classic Mini 1959–2000 | isbn=1-899870-60-1 | year=2003 | publisher=Motor Racing | location=Orpington }}</ref><ref name="clausager">{{cite book | author= Clausager, Anders | title=Essential Mini Cooper | isbn=1-870979-86-9 | year= 1997 | publisher= Bay View Books | location= Bideford, Devon }}</ref> and its space-saving front-wheel-drive layout (which allowed 80% of the area of the car's [[floorpan]] to be used for passengers and luggage) influenced a generation of car-makers.<ref>{{cite book|author=Martin Buckley & Chris Rees|title=Cars: An encyclopedia of the world's most fabulous automobiles|year=2006|publisher=Hermes House|isbn=1-84309-266-2|quote=The BMC Mini, launched in 1959, is Britain's most influential car ever.  It defined a new genre.  Other cars used [[front-wheel drive]] and transverse engines before but none in such a small space.}}</ref> The vehicle is in some ways considered the British equivalent to its German contemporary, the [[Volkswagen Beetle]], which enjoyed similar popularity in North America.  In 1999 the Mini was voted the second most influential [[Car of the Century|car of the 20th Century]], behind the [[Ford Model T]].<ref name="nytimes">[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E02E1DF1439F937A15751C1A96F958260 "This Just In: Model T Gets Award"], James G. Cobb, ''[[The New York Times]]'', 24 December 1999</ref><ref name="auto.howstuffworks.com">{{cite news|last=Strickland |first=Jonathan |url=http://auto.howstuffworks.com/mini-cooper.htm |title=HowStuffWorks "How the MINI Cooper Works" |newspaper=Howstuffworks |date=21 March 2007 |publisher=Auto.howstuffworks.com |access-date=20 July 2010}}</ref>

This distinctive two-door car was designed for BMC by [[Sir Alec Issigonis]].<ref name="issigbio">{{cite book | author=Wood, Jonathan | title=Alec Issigonis: The Man Who Made the Mini | publisher=Breedon Books Publishing | year=2005 | isbn=1-85983-449-3}}</ref><ref name="Nahum, Andrew 2004">{{cite book | author=Nahum, Andrew | title=Issigonis and the Mini | publisher=Icon Books | year=2004 | isbn=1-84046-640-5}}</ref> It was manufactured at the [[Longbridge plant|Longbridge]] and [[Cowley, Oxfordshire|Cowley]] plants in England, the Victoria Park / Zetland [[British Motor Corporation (Australia)]] factory in [[Sydney]], Australia, and later also in Spain ([[Authi]]), Belgium, Chile, Italy ([[Innocenti]]), Portugal, South Africa, Uruguay, Venezuela and Yugoslavia. The Mini [[Mark I Mini|Mark I]] had three major UK updates: the Mark II, the Clubman and the Mark III. Within these was a series of variations including an [[estate car]], a [[pickup truck]], a [[van]] and the [[Mini Moke]]—a [[jeep]]-like buggy. The Mini Cooper and Cooper "S" were sportier versions that were successful as [[rally car]]s, winning the [[Rallye Automobile Monte Carlo|Monte Carlo Rally]] four times from 1964 through to 1967, although in 1966 the Mini was disqualified after the finish, along with six other British entrants, which included the first four cars to finish, under a questionable ruling that the cars had used an illegal combination of headlamps and spotlights.<ref>{{cite news
 |title=Future of Monte Carlo rally in doubt
 |date=21 January 1961
 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/21/newsid_2506000/2506863.stm
 |publisher=BBC
}}</ref>
Initially Minis were marketed under the Austin and Morris names, as the Austin Seven and Morris Mini-Minor, until Mini became a [[marque]] in its own right in 1969.<ref name="aro-story2"/><ref name="Michael Sedgwick 1970"/> The Mini was again marketed under the Austin name in the 1980s.

===1990 to 2000===
[[File:2000MiniCooperS-LastEdition.jpg|thumb|left|Mini Cooper S, 2000]]
[[File:MINI_badge_on_a_car.jpg|thumb|right|Former logo used from 1997 to 2018]]
In the 1990s, [[BMW]] was seeking to broaden its model range through the addition of compact cars and SUVs. This sparked a series of compact car concept vehicles from the company during the early 1990s. The first were the E1 and Z13, powered by an electric motor and a rear-mounted 1100&nbsp;cc BMW motorcycle engine, respectively.<ref name="Mini, modern icon">{{cite book|last=Laban|first=Brian|title=The mini : the making of a modern icon|year=2003|publisher=Collins|location=London|isbn=0-00-715275-2|edition=Updated }}</ref>

In early 1994, BMW acquired the Rover Group from British Aerospace, which owned Mini, among other brands. BMW insisted that even a compact model must feature traditional BMW characteristics (such as [[rear wheel drive]]) to uphold the company's standards and image. The "MINI" brand, however, did not share these standards and BMW saw this as an opportunity to create a competitively priced, yet premium, compact car. This formed BMW's plan to launch the premium [[BMW 1 Series]] and the mid-range Mini.<ref name="Mini, modern icon"/>

It was at around this time that Rover, too, was working on a successor to the original Mini. Its first concept was the '''ACV30''' which was unveiled at the 1997 [[Monte Carlo Rally]]. The name was partially an acronym of ''Anniversary Concept Vehicle'', whilst the '30' represented the 30 years that had passed since a Mini first won the Monte Carlo Rally. The vehicle itself was a two-door coupe powered by a rear-mounted [[MG F]] engine.<ref name="Mini, modern icon"/>

Just months later, Rover released another concept, this time, a pair of vehicles called '''Spiritual''' and '''Spiritual Too'''. These vehicles were a more realistic attempt to create a modern Mini, and coincided with BMW's official creation of the Mini project. Although the two-door and four-door pair wore Mini badges, both vehicles remained purely concepts.<ref name="Mini, modern icon"/>

In 1998, BMW set out on creating the production Mini. The first aspect that was considered was the design, which was chosen from 15 full-sized design studies. Five of these designs came from BMW Germany, another five from BMW Designworks in California, four from Rover and one from an outside studio in Italy. The chosen design was from BMW Designworks and was designed by American designer, [[Frank Stephenson]]. Stephenson penned the new Mini One R50 and Mini Cooper leading the team which developed the E50 car in Munich (parallel development in England by the team at Rover having been dropped in 1995).<ref name="bmwism.com">{{cite web|author=BMWism com automotive design information |url=http://www.bmwism.com/bmws_designers.htm |title=BMW Car Designers |publisher=Bmwism.com |access-date=6 June 2014}}</ref> This design, being a [[city car]], also fitted into BMW's plan of two compact cars, leaving the [[supermini]] class for the BMW 1 Series. After the launch of the new Mini, Stephenson told automotive magazine [[Autocar (magazine)|Autocar]]:<ref name="Mini, modern icon"/>

{{cquote|We wanted the first impression when you walk up to the car to be "it could only be a Mini"|||Frank Stephenson<ref name="Mini, modern icon"/>}}

===2000 to present===
The last Mark VII Mini, and the 5,387,862nd and final original two-door Mini to be produced, a red Cooper Sport, was built at the Longbridge plant in October 2000.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/end-of-an-era-as-mini-production-is-halted-634417.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220515/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/end-of-an-era-as-mini-production-is-halted-634417.html |archive-date=15 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=End of an era as Mini production is halted|access-date=12 January 2012|work=The Independent|date=4 October 2000|location=London|first=Sally|last=Ledward}}</ref><ref name=tele51000>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1368961/Longbridge-says-goodbye-to-its-little-wonder.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1368961/Longbridge-says-goodbye-to-its-little-wonder.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Longbridge says goodbye to its little wonder|access-date=12 January 2012|work=The Telegraph|date=5 October 2000|location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The car was driven off the production line by the pop singer [[Lulu (singer)|Lulu]], and was subsequently housed at the [[Heritage Motor Centre]] in Gaydon, alongside the first Mini Mark I ever made.<ref name=tele51000/> The new generation Mini Hatch/Hardtop went on sale in July 2001 and was an immediate sales success.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1333218/Kings-Road-hails-return-of-the-Mini.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1333218/Kings-Road-hails-return-of-the-Mini.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=King's Road hails return of the Mini|access-date=12 January 2012|work=The Telegraph|date=8 July 2001|location=London|first=Charlotte|last=Edwardes}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

In February 2005, BMW announced an investment of £100 million in the Mini plant in Oxford, United Kingdom, creating 200 new jobs and enabling production output to be increased by 20%.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4246215.stm|title=BMW cash to fuel Mini production|access-date=12 January 2012|work=BBC News|date=15 February 2005|first=Jorn|last=Madslien}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.scotsman.com/news/uk/bmw_s_163_100m_boost_for_mini_as_sales_accelerate_1_736399|title=BMW's £100m boost for Mini as sales accelerate |access-date=12 January 2012|publisher=The Scotsman|date=17 February 2005}}</ref>

In April 2013, [[Peter Schwarzenbauer]] became new Mini's managing director, succeeding Jochen Goller.<ref>[http://europe.autonews.com/article/20130314/ANE/130319953/bmw-names-ex-audi-sales-chief-schwarzenbauer-boss-of-mini-rolls BMW names ex-Audi sales chief Schwarzenbauer boss of Mini, europe.autonews.com]</ref>

At the [[North American International Auto Show#2011|North American International Auto Show]] in January 2011, BMW announced that it would be extending the Mini range with the launch of two new two-door sports crossover vehicles based on the [[#Mini Paceman (2011)|Mini Paceman]] concept car, with a coupe version planned to enter production in 2011 and a roadster to follow in 2012.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.freep.com/article/20110110/BUSINESS03/110110061/Mini-build-2-door-sporty-crossover|title=Mini to build 2-door sporty crossover|access-date=24 November 2011|publisher=Detroit Free Press|date=10 January 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.miamiherald.com/2011/01/12/2013072/mini-paceman-concept-confirmed.html|title=Mini Paceman Concept Confirmed for Production|access-date=24 November 2011|work=The Miami Herald|date=12 January 2011}}</ref> 
In June 2011, BMW announced an investment of £500&nbsp;million in the UK over the subsequent three years as part of an expansion of the Mini range to seven models.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-06-09/bmw-plans-to-invest-500-million-pounds-for-mini-assembly-1-.html|title=BMW Plans to Invest 500 Million Pounds for Mini Assembly|access-date=24 November 2011|publisher=Bloomberg|date=9 June 2011|first=Chris|last=Reiter}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-bmw-britain-idUKTRE75818420110609|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114033849/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-bmw-britain-idUKTRE75818420110609|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 January 2016|title=BMW to invest £500 million in UK on new Mini|access-date=24 November 2011|publisher=Reuters|date=9 June 2011}}</ref>

In July 2017, BMW has announced that an electric Mini model will be built at the Cowley plant, in Oxford, that will start production in 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-40718892|title=Electric Mini to be built in Oxford|work=BBC News|date=25 July 2017}}</ref> It will also be produced in China.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/money/cars/2018/07/10/bmw-electric-mini-cooper-china-great-wall-motors/772302002/|title=BMW group and Great Wall Motors partner to make electric MINIs in China|work=AP Business }}</ref>

On 1 April 2019, BMW named Bernd Körber as director of the Mini brand and replaced Peter Schwarzenbauer.<ref>{{in lang|fr}}[https://pro.largus.fr/actualites/bernd-korber-a-la-tete-de-mini-9723392.html Bernd Körber à la tête de Mini, pro.largus.fr, 1 de abril de 2019, pro.largus.fr]{{in lang|fr}}</ref>

In Sep 2023, BMW announced plans to invest hundreds of millions of pounds to prepare its Mini factory near Oxford to build a new generation of electric cars.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-66745660|title=BMW investment secures future of Mini factories|work=BBC News |date=11 September 2023 }}</ref>

==Current models==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 100%"
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" |Model
! rowspan="1" width="9%" |Calendar year<br />introduced
|-
| [[File:Mini Hatch (J01) Ditzingen Mobil IMG 9772 (cropped).jpg|200x200px]]
| [[Mini Cooper Electric]]
| 2023
|-
| [[File:Mini Countryman (U25) IMG 8412.jpg|200x200px]]
| [[Mini Countryman]]
| 2023
|-
| [[File:Mini Countryman (U25) SE IMG 9075.jpg|200x200px]]
| [[Mini Countryman Electric]]
| 2023
|-
| [[File:Mini Aceman S 001 (cropped).jpg|200x200px]]
| [[Mini Aceman]]
| 2024
|-
| [[File:Mini Hatch (F66) IMG 8786.jpg|200x200px]]
| [[Mini Hatch#Internal combustion (F65/F66; 2024)|Mini Cooper]] 3-door
| 2024
|-
| [[File:Mini Hatch (F65) IMG 2068.jpg|200x200px]]
| [[Mini Hatch#Internal combustion (F65/F66; 2024)|Mini Cooper]] 5-door
| 2024
|-
| [[File:Mini Cabrio (F67) JCW-Trim DSC 7514.jpg|200x200px]]
| [[Mini Cabrio]]
| 2024
|}

==Former models==
===BMC/BL/Rover models (1959 to 2000)===
====Mini Mark I (1959 to 1967)====
[[File:1963 MkI Mini.jpg|thumb|right|A 1963 Austin Mini Super-Deluxe]]
{{Main|Mini (Mark I)}}
Launched in August 1959, the Mark 1 Mini (code name ADO 15) was initially marketed as the Austin Seven and Morris Mini-Minor.

Mark I Minis can be identified by exterior door hinges, sliding door glass, tail lights smaller than later cars and a "mustache" grille.
The A-series engine came in a wide range of capacities, initially as an 848&nbsp;cc, but later the 997, 998, 1071 and 1275&nbsp;cc engines were added.
The non-Cooper cars had gearboxes with the "magic wand" selector, with 4-speeds (no synchromesh on 1st) while the Coopers has a remote shift selector.
An automatic, 4-speed transmission was introduced in 1965.
In 1960, a 2-seater van was launched, along with an estate, both sharing a longer wheelbase
In 1961 the pickup was introduced, also based on the longer wheelbase

====Mini Mark II (1967 to 1970)====
{{Main|Mini#Mark_II_Mini:_1967.E2.80.931970|l1=Mini (Mark II)}}
The Mini received some minor modifications in 1967 as sold as the Austin or Morris Mini in most markets.

====Mini Marks III–VII (1969 to 2000)====
[[File:Mini Cooper, 1991.jpg|thumb|left|A Mark VI Mini, in production from 1990 to 1995.]]

The Mark III Mini was launched in 1969, which was an updated version of Mark II with a modified bodyshell. The most visible changes were larger doors with concealed hinges. The boot lid lost the original hinged number plate and its recess shape and a large rear colour-coded lamp was fitted in its place, along with larger rear side windows. Sliding windows were replaced with winding windows—although some Australian-manufactured Mark I Minis had adopted this feature in 1965 (with opening quarterlight windows). The suspension reverted from [[Hydrolastic]] to rubber cones.<ref name="Autocar1976">{{cite journal |title=Buying secondhand: Minis|journal=[[Autocar (magazine)|Autocar]] |volume=145 |issue=4172 |pages=74–77 |date=23 October 1976}}</ref> as a cost-saving measure.<ref name="mrtb5">{{cite book |title=Mini Gold Portfolio 1981–1997 |isbn=1-85520-385-5 |last1=Clarke |first1=R. M. |date=26 January 1998 |publisher=Brooklands Books Limited }}</ref> Production at the Cowley plant was ended, and the simple name "Mini" completely replaced the separate Austin and Morris brands.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gearheads.org/the-history-of-mini/|title=The History of Mini|date=19 May 2012|publisher=GearHeads|access-date=18 November 2012|archive-date=12 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212110057/https://autowise.com/the-history-of-mini/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The Mark IV, launched in 1976, introduced a front rubber mounted subframe with single tower bolts and larger bushes in the rear frame. In addition twin stalk indicators were introduced with larger foot pedals, and from 1977 onwards the rear indicator lamps had the reverse lights incorporated in them.

The Mark V, launched in 1984, introduced {{convert|8.4|in|mm|adj=on}} brake discs and plastic wheel arches (mini special arches) but retained the same Mark IV body shell shape.

For the Mark VI, launched in 1990, the engine mounting points were moved forward to take 1,275&nbsp;cc power units, and includes the HIF carburettor version, plus the single point fuel injected car which came out in 1991. The 998&nbsp;cc power units were discontinued. Internal bonnet release were fitted from 1992.

The Mark VII, launched in 1996, was the final version of the original two-door Mini. For this model twin point injection with front-mounted radiator was introduced, along with a full-width dashboard and driver's side airbag.

===BMW models (2001 to date)===
====Mini Hatch/Hardtop (2001 to 2006)====
{{Main|Mini Hatch}}
[[File:2004 Mini Cooper 1.6.jpg|thumb|right|A 2004 Mini One Hatch (pre-facelift model)]]
All Mini models since 2001 have different variants, including '''One''' (entry-level), '''Cooper''', '''Cooper S''' (sporty), and '''John Cooper Works (JCW)''' (high-end).

The hatchback/hardtop Mini was the first model of the new generation Mini, introduced in 2001, and was back then known as simply ''Mini''. It was available in Cooper, Cooper S and One variations at launch. In many European markets, the Mini One was powered by a 1.4-litre [[Straight-4|I4]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.evo.co.uk/carreviews/evocarreviews/210841/mini_one.html |title=Evo Magazine December 2007 |publisher=Evo.co.uk |date=6 December 2007 |access-date=25 June 2011}}</ref> version of the [[Tritec engine]] but all other [[petrol]] powered Minis used the 1.6-litre I4 version. The Cooper S and JCW models included a [[supercharger]] intake system. This generation of minis was the only production model to have one, replaced by a [[turbocharger]] from the second generation onwards.<ref name="haynes">{{cite book|title=MINI Owners Workshop Manual July 2001 to 2005 (Y to 05 reg) Petrol|author=Martynn Randall.|year=2005|publisher=Haynes|location=Sparkford}}</ref><ref name="bentley">{{cite book | title=Mini Cooper: service manual, Mini Cooper, Mini Cooper S, 2002, 2003, 2004. | isbn=0-8376-1068-0 | year=2004 | publisher=BentleyPublishers.com | location=Cambridge, MA }}</ref>

The names ''Cooper'' and ''Cooper S'' followed the names used for the sportier version of the classic Mini, which in turn come from the involvement of [[John Cooper (car maker)|John Cooper]] and the Cooper Car Company. The Cooper heritage was further emphasised with the ''John Cooper Works'' (JCW) range of tuning options that are available with the Mini. John Cooper also created a one-off racing model of the Mini Cooper S named the Mini Cooper S Works. This car featured many extras which help to improve performance, such as a racing exhaust and air filter as well as uprated suspension. The car also had one-of-a-kind {{convert|17|in|mm|adj=on}} racing wheels.<ref name="anderson">{{cite book | title=Motoring: Getting the Maximum from Your New MINI | author=Gary Anderson; Don Racine | isbn=0-9765780-0-X | year=1982 | publisher=Enthusiast Publications | location=Los Altos, Calif. }}</ref>

The Mk I Mini One, Cooper and Cooper S used some version of the reliable, Brazilian-built [[Tritec engine]], co-developed by [[Chrysler]] & BMW; the Mini One D used a [[Toyota]]-built [[Toyota ND engine|1ND-TV]] diesel engine. In August 2006, BMW announced that future engines would be built in the UK, making the car essentially British-built again; final assembly took place at [[Oxford]], and the body pressings were made in nearby [[Swindon]] at BMW's Swindon Pressings Ltd subsidiary.

The last Mk I variant was the Mini Cooper S with [[John Cooper Works]] GP Kit: a light-weight, quasi-race-prepped [[John Cooper Works]] model. Hand-finished by [[Gruppo Bertone|Bertone]] in Italy, it was offered as a limited-production run of 2,000 cars during the 2006 model year, with 444 of those originally intended for the UK market (although ultimately, 459 were sold).

====Mini Convertible/Cabrio (2005 to 2008)====
[[File:Mini Cooper S Cabriolet (R52) – Frontansicht, 25. September 2011, Mettmann.jpg|thumb|left|A 2006 Mini Cooper S Convertible]]

At the 2004 [[Salon International de l'Auto]], Mini introduced a [[convertible (car)|convertible]] model which was released in the 2005 model year and available in One, Cooper and Cooper S trim versions.

The convertible roof is fully automatic—an unusual feature in such a small car—and can be opened partially to act as a [[sunroof]] whilst the car is driving at speed. The convertible model forsakes the rear hatchback of the Hardtop Mini, replacing it with a drop down 'tailgate' that is reminiscent of the classic Mini—it incorporates similarly prominent external hinges, and with the roof in the closed position, the rear roof section and luggage shelf can be raised with two handles, semi-tailgate style, to access the luggage space easier. The convertible also adds two small power windows for the rear seat passengers which are lowered automatically when the roof opens. The roof is made from a heavy cloth, with many layers of insulation; the rear window is glass with an integral heater/defroster, but no washer or wiper.

At the 2007 [[North American International Auto Show]], Mini introduced the limited edition Mini Cooper S Sidewalk Convertible. It had a top speed of {{convert|215|km/h|abbr=on}} and accelerates from {{convert|0|to|100|km/h}} in 7.9&nbsp;seconds. The engine provides {{convert|168|hp|abbr=on}} and {{convert|220|N.m|abbr=on}} of torque.
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====Mini Hatch/Hardtop (2007 to 2014)====
{{Main|Mini Hatch}}
[[File:2009 Mini Hatch (R56) Cooper hatchback (26610582445).jpg|thumb|right|A 2009 Mini Cooper Hatch.]]
Mini introduced an all-new second generation of the Hardtop/Hatch model in November 2006, on a re-engineered [[automobile platform|platform]] incorporating many stylistic and engineering changes. It utilises the [[Prince engine]], the architecture of which is shared with [[PSA Peugeot Citroën]] and is designed to be more cost-effective and fuel-efficient, and is manufactured at the BMW Hams Hall engine plant in Warwickshire, United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.evo.co.uk/carreviews/evocarreviews/204244/mini_cooper.html |title=Evo Magazine December 2006 |publisher=Evo.co.uk |date=8 December 2006 |access-date=25 June 2011}}</ref> The development and engineering was done in Munich, Germany at BMW Group headquarters, and by external third parties.<ref name="bmwism.com"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bmwgroup.com/e/nav/index.html?http://www.bmwgroup.com/e/0_0_www_bmwgroup_com/forschung_entwicklung/menschen_netzwerke/innovationsnetzwerk/forschung_innovation.html|title=BMW Group Research and Innovation Center|publisher=BMW Group|access-date=18 November 2012|archive-date=11 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211090658/https://www.bmwgroup.com/en.html?http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmwgroup.com%2Fe%2F0_0_www_bmwgroup_com%2Fforschung_entwicklung%2Fmenschen_netzwerke%2Finnovationsnetzwerk%2Fforschung_innovation.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bmwgroup.com/e/nav/index.html?http://www.bmwgroup.com/e/0_0_www_bmwgroup_com/forschung_entwicklung/netzwerk/forschung_technik.html|title=BMW Group Research and Technology|publisher=BMW Group|access-date=18 November 2012|archive-date=11 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211061149/https://www.bmwgroup.com/en.html?http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmwgroup.com%2Fe%2F0_0_www_bmwgroup_com%2Fforschung_entwicklung%2Fnetzwerk%2Fforschung_technik.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Although the new model looks very similar to its predecessor, every panel was different and new safety requirements resulted in the overall length increasing by {{convert|60|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}.

The second generation Mini was introduced in the Cooper and Cooper S trim levels; the range was added to in 2007 with the Mini One. For the first time, there was a diesel-powered Cooper, available from April 2007, and badged as the Cooper D, which was supplemented in January 2011 with a new 2.0&nbsp;L diesel for the automatic Cooper and high performance Cooper SD. The Convertible and Clubman versions followed later. In 2009, the Mini First trim level was launched in the UK, which is a low-end, petrol-only version, with less power and a lower speed. The Mini John Cooper Works Challenge is a purpose-built race car, based on the Mini Hatch, and manufactured in the [[BMW Motorsport]] factory located in Munich. It was unveiled in 2007 at the IAA Motor Show.<ref>{{cite web|last=Nunez |first=Alex |url=http://www.autoblog.com/2007/08/14/frankfurt-preview-minis-track-prepped-john-cooper-works-challe/ |title=Frankfurt Preview: Mini's track-prepped John Cooper Works Challenge |publisher=Autoblog.com |date=14 August 2007 |access-date=17 November 2010}}</ref> In 2009 a John Cooper Works World Championship 50 special edition was unveiled in 2009 Mini United Festival in Silverstone.<ref>{{cite web|last=Paukert |first=Chris |url=http://www.autoblog.com/2009/06/10/officially-official-mini-cooper-jcw-world-championship-50-detai/ |title=Officially Official: Mini Cooper JCW World Championship 50 details and photos released |publisher=Autoblog.com |date=6 October 2009 |access-date=17 November 2010}}</ref>

====Mini Clubman (2008 to 2014)====
{{Main|Mini Clubman (2007)}}
[[File:Mini Cooper S Clubman Facelift front 20100508.jpg|thumb|left|A Mini Cooper S Clubman]]

The Mini Clubman is an [[Station wagon|estate]] Mini, introduced for the 2008 model year and available in One, Cooper, Cooper S, and Cooper D variations. While identical to the Hatch/Hardtop from the B-pillars forward, the Clubman is {{convert|240|mm|abbr=on}} longer overall, with a correspondingly stretched wheelbase that is {{convert|80|mm|abbr=on}} longer; this provides more rear-seat leg room and substantially increased cargo space when compared to the Hardtop—{{convert|160|mm|abbr=on}} longer, giving 260 litres (9.2 cubic feet) of space. It has twin "barn doors," alternately referred to as "the Splitdoor," enclosing the boot instead of a pull-up hatch, and also features a "Clubdoor" on the right-hand side regardless of the intended market. This means that in right-hand drive markets, the rear door is on the road side of the car, requiring rear passengers to exit into the road. Engine and transmission selections are identical to those used in the Hatch/Hardtop model, except the {{convert|66|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} One Diesel; and the rear suspension set-up shares many of the same designs features including the rear trailing arms and the anti-roll bars.

The use of the name "Clubman" for the Mini estate van was a break with classic Mini tradition. "Clubman" was originally the name given to the 1970s face-lift of the classic Mini, which mostly resulted in a squared-off front end, whereas the classic Mini estates had traditionally been named "Traveller" or "Countryman". However, BMW did not initially purchase the rights to use those names.

====Mini Convertible (2009 to 2015)====
[[File:Mo Farah Doha 2015c.jpg|thumb|Athlete [[Mo Farah]] in a Mini Convertible at the [[Doha Diamond League]]]]

The second generation Mini Convertible was unveiled at the 2009 [[North American International Auto Show|Detroit Auto Show]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Nunez |first=Alex |url=http://www.autoblog.com/2009/01/11/detroit-2009-mini-cooper-convertible-chills-out/ |title=Detroit 2009: Mini Cooper Convertible chills out |publisher=Autoblog.com |date=11 January 2009 |access-date=17 November 2010}}</ref> and the 2009 Geneva International Motor Show<ref>{{cite web|last=Joseph |first=Noah |url=http://www.autoblog.com/2009/02/10/geneva-preview-mini-drops-the-top-on-the-jcw-cabrio/ |title=Geneva Preview: Mini drops the top on the JCW cabrio |publisher=Autoblog.com |date=10 February 2009 |access-date=17 November 2010}}</ref> as a 2009 model-year vehicle (first available for sale on 28 March 2009<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wot.motortrend.com/6369523/auto-news/2009-mini-convertible-photos-and-specs-released/index.html |title=2009 Mini Convertible Photos and Specs Released |publisher=Wot.motortrend.com |access-date=17 November 2010}}</ref>). A device, marketed as the "Openometer", records the number of minutes the vehicle has operated with its roof retracted. Available variants and corresponding powertrain selections are the same as in the Mini Hatch range, including the diesel engine in some markets.
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====Mini Countryman (2011 to 2016)====
{{Main|Mini Countryman}}
[[File:2012 Mini Countryman -- 03-24-2012 2.JPG|thumbnail|left|Mini Countryman]]

The Mini Countryman was announced in January 2010, and formally launched at the 2010 [[Geneva Motor Show]]. It is the first Mini [[crossover SUV]], and the first five-door model to be launched in the BMW-era. It is offered with a choice of two- or four-wheel drive (known as ALL4), and with 1.6&nbsp;L petrol or diesel and 2.0&nbsp;L diesel [[Inline-four engine|four-cylinder engines]] in various states of tune.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.autoexpress.co.uk/news/autoexpressnews/247405/mini_countryman_official.html |title=MINI Countryman – official!|work=Auto Express |date=20 January 2010 |access-date=2 February 2011}}</ref> Sales started in September 2010 as a 2011 model-year vehicle.

The Countryman has a longer wheelbase, more interior room, and higher ground clearance than the Clubman. It uses the same engines as the Hatch/Clubman range, but with an optional [[all-wheel-drive]] powertrain (dubbed "ALL4") to allow minimal off-road and rugged terrain driving.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.automoblog.net/2010/01/21/the-mini-countryman-fun-has-no-limits/|title=The MINI Countryman, Fun has no Limits|date=21 January 2010 |publisher=Automoblog.net}}</ref> A six-speed [[manual transmission]] is standard on all models, with [[automatic transmission]] available on all petrol and diesel models except the 90&nbsp;bhp One D.
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====Mini Coupé (2012 to 2015)====
{{Main|Mini Coupé}}
[[File:2012 Mini John Cooper Works Coupe -- 11-26-2011 front.jpg|thumb|Mini John Cooper Works Coupé]]
Mini revealed the Coupé in June 2011. It is the first two-seat Mini and the first to have a three-box design; the engine compartment, the passenger compartment and the luggage compartments are all separated. It will also be the fastest production Mini ever: in [[John Cooper Works]] trim, it does {{convert|0|to|62|mph|abbr=on}} in 6.4&nbsp;seconds and goes on to a top speed of {{Convert|149|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} as it is powered by a turbocharged {{Convert|208|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} 1,598&nbsp;cc four-cylinder.
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====Mini Roadster (2012 to 2015)====
The Mini Roadster was first shown at the Frankfurt Motor Show in September 2009<ref>{{cite web|author=Noah Joseph |url=http://www.autoblog.com/2009/09/15/frankfurt-2009-mini-coupe-and-roadster-concepts/ |title=Frankfurt 2009: Mini Coupe & Roadster Concepts |publisher=Autoblog.com |date=15 September 2009 |access-date=12 February 2012}}</ref> and is the convertible version of the Mini Coupe. The Roadster is available in three trim levels: Cooper, Cooper S, and [[John Cooper Works]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Zach Bowman |url=http://www.autoblog.com/2012/01/27/2012-mini-roadster-priced-from-24-350/ |title=2012 Mini Roadster priced from $24,350* |publisher=Autoblog.com |date=27 January 2012 |access-date=12 February 2012}}</ref>
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====Mini Paceman (2013 to 2016)====
{{Main|Mini Paceman}}
[[File:2015 Mini Paceman Cooper D Automatic 2.0 Front.jpg|thumb|left|A Mini Paceman Cooper]]
The '''Mini Paceman''' three-door crossover version of the [[Mini Countryman|Countryman]] debuted as a [[concept car]] at the 2011 Detroit Auto Show.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.autoexpress.co.uk/motorshows/detroit-motor-show-2011/261874/mini_paceman_gets_green_light.html |last1=Phillips |first1=Tom |last2=Rix |first2=Jack |work=Auto Express|publisher=Dennis Publishing |title=Detroit Motor Show: MINI Paceman gets green light |date=January 2011 }}</ref> On 5 July 2012, senior vice president of Mini brand management, Dr. Kay Segler, announced that, "the Mini Paceman is the official name of the brand's seventh model, which will be launched next year (2013) in the U.S."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.autoblog.com/2012/07/05/mini-paceman-arrives-next-year/ |publisher=AOL Autos |title=Mini Paceman arrives next year |date=July 2012 }}</ref> The production version was launched at the 2012 [[Paris Motor Show]], with sales starting in most international markets by the second quarter of 2013.<ref>{{cite web|last=Burt|first=Matt|title=Paris motor show: Mini Paceman|url=http://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/paris-motor-show-2012/paris-motor-show-mini-paceman|work=Autocar|access-date=10 June 2013|date=27 September 2012}}</ref>

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====Mini Hatch/Hardtop (2014 to 2024)====
{{Main|Mini Hatch}}
[[File:2015 MINI Cooper Hardtop 2 door -- NHTSA test 9062 - front.jpg|thumbnail|right|3rd generation Mini hatchback]]
The third generation Mini was unveiled by BMW in November 2013, with sales starting in the first half of 2014. The new car is 98&nbsp;mm longer, 44&nbsp;mm wider, and 7&nbsp;mm taller than the outgoing model, with a 28&nbsp;mm longer wheelbase and an increase in track width (+42&nbsp;mm front and +34&nbsp;mm rear). The increase in size results in a larger interior and a boot volume increase to 211 litres.<ref>{{cite web|last=Berkowitz |first=Justin |url=http://www.caranddriver.com/news/2014-mini-cooper-cooper-s-photos-and-info-news |title=2014 Mini Cooper and Cooper S: Envelope Pushed, Again |publisher=caranddriver.com |date=1 November 2013 |access-date=22 December 2015}}</ref>
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==Technical information==

===Engine summary===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Model!!Years!!Type!!Power, torque @ rpm
|-
!Colspan=4|Petrol engines
|-
|First||2009–2010||{{cvt|1397|cc|L cuin|1}} I4||{{convert|75|PS|kW hp|abbr=on}} @ 4,500, {{cvt|120|Nm|lbft|0}} @ 2,500
|-
|One||2007–2010||{{cvt|1397|cc|L cuin|1}} I4||{{convert|95|PS|kW hp|abbr=on}} @ 6,000, {{cvt|140|Nm|lbft|0}} @ 4,000
|-
|First||2010— ||{{cvt|1598|cc|L cuin|1}} I4||{{convert|75|PS|kW hp|abbr=on}} @ 6,000, {{cvt|140|Nm|lbft|0}} @ 2,250
|-
|One||2010— ||{{cvt|1598|cc|L cuin|1}} I4||{{convert|98|PS|kW hp|abbr=on}} @ 6,000, {{convert|153|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}} @ 3,000
|-
|Cooper Hardtop<br>Cooper Clubman<br>Cooper Convertible||2007–2010<br>2008–2010<br>2009–2010||{{cvt|1598|cc|L cuin|1}} I4||{{cvt|120|PS|kW hp|0}} @ 6,000, {{convert|160|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}} @ 4,250
|-
|Cooper (all body styles)||2010— ||{{cvt|1598|cc|L cuin|1}} I4||{{convert|122|PS|kW hp|abbr=on}} @ 6,000, {{cvt|160|Nm|lbft|0}} @ 4,250
|-
|Cooper S Hardtop<br>Cooper S Clubman<br>Cooper S Convertible||2007—<br>2008—<br>2009— ||{{cvt|1598|cc|L cuin|1}} I4 turbo||{{convert|175|PS|kW hp|abbr=on}} @ 5,500, {{cvt|240|Nm|lbft|0}} @ 1,600–5,000
Overboost: {{cvt|260|Nm|lbft|0}} @ 1,700–4,500
|-
|Cooper S (all body styles)||2010— ||{{cvt|1598|cc|L cuin|1}} I4 turbo||{{convert|184|PS|kW hp|abbr=on}} @ 5,500, {{cvt|240|Nm|lbft|0}} @ 1,600–5,000
Overboost: {{cvt|260|Nm|lbft|0}} @ 1,700–4,500
|-
|John Cooper Works CHALLENGE<br>John Cooper Works (all body styles)||2008—<br>2009— ||{{cvt|1598|cc|L cuin|1}} I4 turbo||{{convert|211|PS|kW hp|abbr=on}} @ 6,000, {{convert|261|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}} @ 1,850–5,600
Overboost: {{convert|279|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}} @ 2,000
|-
!Colspan=4|Diesel engines
|-
|One D||2007–2009||{{cvt|1364|cc|L cuin|1}} I4 turbo||{{cvt|88|PS|kW hp|0}} @ 4,000, {{cvt|190|Nm|lbft|0}} @ 1,750
|-
|One D||2009–2010||{{cvt|1560|cc|L cuin|1}} I4 turbo||{{cvt|90|PS|kW hp|0}} @ 4,000
|-
|Cooper D||2008–2010||{{cvt|1560|cc|L cuin|1}} I4 turbo||{{cvt|110|PS|kW hp|0}} @ 4,000, {{cvt|240|Nm|lbft|0}} @ 1,750–2,000
Overboost: {{convert|260|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}}
|-
|One D||2010— ||{{cvt|1598|cc|L cuin|1}} I4 turbo||{{cvt|90|PS|kW hp|0}} @ 4,000, {{convert|215|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}} @ 1,750–2,500
|-
|Cooper D||2010— ||{{cvt|1598|cc|L cuin|1}} I4 turbo||{{convert|112|PS|kW hp|abbr=on}} @ 4,000, {{cvt|270|Nm|lbft|0}} @ 1,750–2,250
|-
|Cooper SD||2011— ||{{cvt|1995|cc|L cuin|1}} I4 turbo||{{convert|143|PS|kW hp|abbr=on}} @ 4,000, {{convert|305|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}} @ 1,750–2,700
|-
!Colspan=4|Electric motors
|-
|E||2009— ||[[AC Propulsion]] 13000&nbsp;rpm motor,<br>100A @ 13.5&nbsp;V power supply||{{convert|204|PS|kW hp|abbr=on}} @ 6,000–12,000, {{convert|225|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}} @ 0–5,000
Regeneration: {{convert|115|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}}<br>
Continuous: {{convert|68|PS|kW hp|abbr=on}}
|}

===Internal designations===
The original Mini was designated ADO 15,<ref>{{cite web|title=BMC ADO 15|url=http://savetheminis.com/Automobile%20Engineer%20-%20BMC%20ADO15%20Part%201.pdf|work=Automobile Engineer |access-date=25 March 2012|date=April 1961|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510150924/http://savetheminis.com/Automobile%20Engineer%20-%20BMC%20ADO15%20Part%201.pdf|archive-date=10 May 2015}}</ref> the 15th model developed by the Austin Drawing Office. ADO 20 is the code name to the Mini Mark III.<ref>{{cite book |first1=John|last1=Parnell |first2=Anders Ditlev|last2=Clausager |others=photography by Paul Debois|editor-first=Mark|editor-last=Hughes |title=Original Mini Cooper and Cooper S: The Restorer's Guide|year=2002|publisher=Bay View Books|location=St. Paul, Minnesota|isbn=0-7603-1228-1}}</ref> The 1961 Cooper was referred to code ADO 50.<ref>{{cite web|title=Development codes|url=http://www.aronline.co.uk/blogs/2011/06/25/development-codes/|work=AR Online|access-date=25 March 2012}}</ref>

Until 2013, all Rover and BMW era Mini models have R-series model numbers assigned to them, a legacy of the Mini's original development within Rover Group. Future models will have an F-series model number. The following designations are known:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://motoringfile.com/2006/10/03/mini-product-numbering-system-explained/ |title=Mini Product Numbering System Explained |work=MotoringFile |date=3 October 2006 |access-date=29 January 2007}}</ref>
*'''R50''': "Mk I" [[Mini Hatch (2001–2006)|Mini One]] & Cooper (2001–2006)
*'''R52''': "Mk I" Mini Convertible (2004–2008)
*'''R53''': "Mk I" Mini Cooper S (2001–2006)
*'''R55''': "Mk II" Mini Clubman (2007–2014)
*'''R56''': "Mk II" Mini Hatch/Hardtop range (2006–2013)
*'''R57''': "Mk II" Mini Convertible (2009–2015)
*'''R58''': Coupé (2012–2015)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.topspeed.com/cars/car-news/mini-coupe-and-roadster-will-be-discontinued-after-2015/ |title=MINI Coupe and Roadster will be discontinued after 2015|date=26 November 2014}}</ref>
*'''R59''': Roadster (2012–2015)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.topspeed.com/cars/car-news/mini-coupe-and-roadster-will-be-discontinued-after-2015/ |title=MINI Coupe and Roadster will be discontinued after 2015|date=26 November 2014}}</ref>
*'''R60''': [[Mini Countryman|Countryman]] (2010–2016)
*'''R61''': Paceman (2013–2016)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bimmertoday.de/2011/01/26/mini-paceman-lauft-ab-2012-in-graz-vom-band-marktstart-2013/ |title=MINI Paceman läuft ab 2012 in Graz vom Band, Marktstart 2013|language=de|trans-title=MINI Paceman production runs from 2012 in Graz, market launch 2013|author=Benny |work=Bimmer Today |date=10 January 2011 |access-date=25 June 2011}}</ref>
*'''F54''': [[Mini Clubman (2007)|Mini Clubman]] (2015–2024)
*'''F56''': "Mk III" Mini Hatch/Hardtop (2014–2024)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.carmagazine.co.uk/Secret-new-cars/Search-Results/Spyshots/Mini-F56-2013-BMWs-plan-to-replace-whole-Mini-range/ |first=Georg |last=Kacher |title=BMW's plan to replace whole Mini range |website=carmagazine.co.uk|date=27 January 2012|access-date=19 June 2013}}</ref>
*'''F55''': "Mk III" 5-door Hatch (2015–2024)
*'''F57''': "Mk III" Mini Convertible (2015–2024)
*'''F60''': [[Mini Countryman|Countryman]] (2017–2023)
*'''J01''': Cooper E/SE (2023–)
*'''U25''': [[Mini Countryman|Countryman]] (2023–)
*'''F66''': "Mk IV" Mini Hatch/Hardtop (2024–)
*'''F65''': "Mk IV" 5-door Hatch (2024–)
*'''F67''': "Mk IV" Mini Convertible (2024–)
*'''J05''': Aceman (2024–)

===Body type summary in UK===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Chassis codes !!R55!!R56!!R57!!R60!!R61
|-
|Body styles||Clubman||Hardtop||Convertible||Countryman||Paceman
|-
!Trim level!!colspan=5|Years
|-
|First||–||2009— ||–||–||–
|-
|One||–||2007— ||–||–||–
|-
|Cooper||2008— ||2007— ||2009— ||2011— ||2013–
|-
|Cooper S||2008— ||2007— ||2009— ||2011— ||2013–
|-
|John Cooper Works||2009— ||2009— ||2009— ||2013— ||2013–
|-
|John Cooper Works Challenge||–||2008— ||–||–||–
|-
|Cooper D||2008— ||2008— ||2010— ||2013— ||–
|-
|E||–||2009||–||–||–
|}

==Development and production==
[[File:BMW MINI pressings plant Swindon.jpg|right|thumb|Plant Swindon, the main production site for Mini body pressings and sub-assemblies]]
[[File:Cowley Motor Works - geograph.org.uk - 325438.jpg|right|thumb|[[Plant Oxford]] in [[Cowley, Oxford]], [[England]], the main assembly plant for the Mini range.]]

Before BMW's ownership, the traditional Mini had been at the [[Longbridge plant]] located next to the headquarters of Rover until the sale of the company by BMW in March 2000. In the selling of Rover by BMW to Phoenix Venture Holdings, the Longbridge plant was included in the sales contract.

In time, production was rationalised to just Longbridge and so this was where the last of the cars were made, making Longbridge the "natural home" for the new Mini prior to BMW splitting up the company. However, as a result of the change of ownership, BMW redeveloped the entire Cowley plant, demolishing much of the factory, to create a new factory and renamed this "[[Plant Oxford]]", on the site of what was historically the [[Pressed Steel Company]]'s Cowley Body Plant and next door to what was historically the Morris factory.<ref>{{cite book
|title=Making Cars at Cowley
|author=Gillian Bardsley, Stephen King
|publisher=Tempus Publishing
|year=2006
|isbn=0-7524-3902-2
}}</ref>

Since 2006, Plant Hams Hall produces the new Mini petrol engines, Plant Oxford is responsible for the body shell production, paint and assembly, and Plant Swindon produces body pressings and sub-assemblies, creating the "Mini Production Triangle".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mini-production-triangle.com |title=Mini Production Triangle official website |publisher=Mini-production-triangle.com |access-date=25 June 2011}}</ref> Mini claim that 60% of components of the Mini Mk II come from suppliers based in the UK compared to 40% for the 2001 model. The Countryman is the first modern Mini assembled outside the UK, with the contract won by [[Magna Steyr]] in Austria.<ref name="Car Magazine"/>

At [[Plant Oxford]] 4,000 employees, referred to as "associates", produce up to 800 cars each day (approximately 240,000 per year).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-oxfordshire-11310040|title=Agency posts axed at Oxford's Mini plant|access-date=5 February 2011|work=BBC News|date=15 September 2010}}</ref> The bodyshop at Cowley holds 429 robots, assembling 425 body panels; the bodyshells are then moved to the neighbouring paint shop where [[paint robot]]s apply the 14 exterior colour options and optional contrasting roof colours. Final assembly is performed at Cowley, which involves the fitting of 2,400 components to produce the numerous variants that may be ordered.<ref>"The Mini Production Triangle in the UK" – BMW Mini publicity leaflet</ref>

All Prince four-cylinder petrol engines for Mini and BMW are produced at the [[Hams Hall]] Plant<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bmwgroup.com/e/nav/index.html?http://www.bmwgroup.com/e/0_0_www_bmwgroup_com/produktion/produktionsnetzwerk/produktionsstandorte/werk_swindon.html |title=BMW Group |publisher=BMW Group |access-date=25 June 2011}}</ref> near Birmingham, United Kingdom, which has around 800 employees.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.birminghampost.net/birmingham-business/birmingham-business-news/automotive-business/2009/11/13/german-ambassador-visits-hams-hall-engine-plant-65233-25156164/|title=German Ambassador visits Hams Hall engine plant|access-date=21 November 2010|work=Birmingham Post|date=13 November 2009}}</ref> Diesel engines are manufactured by BMW's Plant Steyr in Austria, having previously been manufactured in France and England by PSA.

Mini sub-assemblies and pressings such as doors are supplied by the plant at [[Swindon]], where 1,000 are employed and 280 pressed parts are produced using 135 [[industrial Robot|welding robots]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/wiltshire/8505541.stm|title=About 100 jobs to go at Swindon Mini plant|access-date=21 November 2010|work=BBC News|date=9 February 2010}}</ref> The Swindon plant was originally Swindon Pressings Ltd, founded in 1955 by the [[Pressed Steel Company]] and became a wholly owned subsidiary of the BMW Group in May 2000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bmwgroup.com/e/nav/index.html?http://www.bmwgroup.com/e/0_0_www_bmwgroup_com/produktion/produktionsnetzwerk/produktionsstandorte/werk_swindon.html |title=BMW Group website |publisher=Bmwgroup.com |access-date=25 June 2011}}</ref>

Minis are primarily developed in the United Kingdom by BMW's Development Division.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.miniusa.com/#/contactFaq/faq/top-i | title=Contact and FAQs|access-date=20 December 2010 |publisher=Mini USA}}</ref>

In 2013, assembly of the Countryman was expanded to three international locations: from April 2013 at BMW's plant near Chennai, India, specifically for the Indian market<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/bmw-to-make-mini-countryman-in-chennai-113041700222_1.html|title=BMW to make MINI Countryman in Chennai|author=BS|date=18 April 2013|work=business-standard.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Choudhury |first=Santanu|title=BMW Starts Production of Mini in India|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324493704578428321142471586|work=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=18 April 2013|date=18 April 2013}}</ref> from June 2013 at the BMW Group Malaysia Assembly Plant in Kulim, Kedah,<ref>{{cite web|title=Locally assembled MINI Countryman unveiled|url=http://star-motoring.com/News/2013/Locally-assembled-MINI-Countryman-unveiled.aspx?feed=StarMotoringNewsFeed|work=Star Motoring|access-date=28 April 2014|date=14 June 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140216042308/http://star-motoring.com/News/2013/Locally-assembled-MINI-Countryman-unveiled.aspx?feed=StarMotoringNewsFeed|archive-date=16 February 2014}}</ref> and at the BMW Manufacturing Thailand plant in Rayong from August 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=BMW Group Thailand begins local assembly of Mini Countryman|url=http://www.bangkokbusinessbrief.com/2013/08/14/bmw-group-thailand-begins-local-assembly-of-mini-countryman/|work=Bangkok Business Brief|access-date=29 October 2013|date=14 August 2013|archive-date=9 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209123855/http://www.bangkokbusinessbrief.com/2013/08/14/bmw-group-thailand-begins-local-assembly-of-mini-countryman/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Since 2014 cars have also been assembled under contract by [[VDL Nedcar]] near [[Maastricht]] in [[Limburg (Netherlands)|Limburg]].<ref name=MinivolgensAutovisie>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraaf.nl/autovisie/autovisie_nieuws/mini/22378329/__Mini_voor_Amerika_ook_uit_Nederland__.html|title=Mini voor Amerika ook uit Nederland|date=12 March 2014 |publisher=TMG Landelijke Media B.V., Amsterdam (Autovisie)|access-date=1 June 2017}}</ref><ref name=VDLCompRep201508>{{cite web|title=REPORT OF THE MANAGEMENT BOARD ... Products and production volume|page=8|publisher=VDL Nedcar B.V. (VDL Nedcar)|url=http://www.vdlnedcar.nl/data/uploads/VDL_Nedcar/VDL_Nedcar_JV-2015_UK_screen.pdf|work=Annual Report 2015|access-date=19 July 2015|date=1 June 2017|archive-date=9 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809090944/http://www.vdlnedcar.nl/data/uploads/VDL_Nedcar/VDL_Nedcar_JV-2015_UK_screen.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

A Mini 5-door hatch (F55) was available for the first time in 2014. The 5-door is exclusively assembled at Plant Oxford with additional tooling for the body sides, new equipment in the wax sealing line in the plant's paint shop to accommodate the extra door and differences in the shaping of the rear of the car. Plant Swindon produces the new rear door cells in the sub-assembly line with additional roof and panel tooling in the press shop.<ref name="press.bmwgroup.com"/>

==Sales==
A total of around 5.3 million of the original two-door Minis were sold, making it by far the most popular British car of all time. Thousands of these are still on the road, with the remaining pre-1980s versions being firmly established as collectors' items.

Deliveries of Minis has ranged from 188,077 in 2006 to 232,425 in 2008. In 2009 216,538 cars were delivered,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-09-07/bmw-chief-plans-big-push-to-fend-off-audi-mercedes.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100910093921/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-09-07/bmw-chief-plans-big-push-to-fend-off-audi-mercedes.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 September 2010|title=BMW Chief Plans 'Big Push' to Fend Off Audi, Mercedes|access-date=21 November 2010|work=Bloomberg Businessweek|date=7 September 2010}}</ref> with 69.3% being Mini Hatch/Hardtop, 13.1% Convertible models and 17.6% the Clubman variant. Over 53% were the Cooper version, with 26.2% Cooper S, and the basic One 20.2%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bmwgroup.com/annualreport2009/_downloads/BMW_Group_2009.pdf |title=BMW Group Annual Report 2009 |access-date=25 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705011441/http://www.bmwgroup.com/annualreport2009/_downloads/BMW_Group_2009.pdf |archive-date=5 July 2010 }}</ref>

In 2009, the Mini was Britain's seventh best selling car—the first time that a BMW-era Mini had appeared among the nation's top 10 selling cars.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cardealermagazine.co.uk/publish/ford-fiesta-is-2009-best-seller/28370 |title=Ford Fiesta is top in 09 |work=Car Dealer Magazine |date=8 January 2010 |access-date=13 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100521090814/http://www.cardealermagazine.co.uk/publish/ford-fiesta-is-2009-best-seller/28370 |archive-date=21 May 2010  }}</ref> It also was Britain's seventh best selling car in June 2010.{{citation needed|date=December 2019}}

Mini sales worldwide were up 22% in 2011 over 2010, with 285,000 cars delivered across the globe. In the U.S., the brand's largest market, 57,000 were sold in 2011, a 26% increase over 2010. The next two largest markets, the United Kingdom and Germany, saw 13% and 28% sales increases over 2010, respectively.<ref>{{cite news |work=Detroit Free Press |url=http://www.freep.com/article/20120109/BUSINESS03/120109058/Mini-roadster-debuts-amid-monster-sales |title=Mini roadster debuts amid monster sales}}</ref>

A total of 301,526 Mini vehicles were sold worldwide in 2012.<ref name=2012sales /> The largest national market was the United States, with 66,123 units sold, followed by the United Kingdom with 50,367.<ref name=2012sales /> The Mini Countryman sold a total of 102,250 units in the year.<ref name=2012sales />

==Marketing==
[[File:Warschau Krucza, Mini DSC 1677.JPG|thumb|right|150px|A Mini advertisement in Warsaw, Poland]]
[[Butler, Shine, Stern & Partners]], Mini's advertising agency, produced a video series in 2007 called [[Hammer & Coop]], directed by [[Todd Phillips]] as part of an ad campaign for the Mini.<ref>{{cite web|last=Filipponio |first=Frank |url=http://www.autoblog.com/2007/02/20/hammer-and-coop-episodes-1-and-2/ |title=Hammer & Coop: Episodes 1 & 2 |publisher=Autoblog.com |date=20 February 2007 |access-date=19 June 2009}}</ref>

[[Crispin Porter + Bogusky]], Mini's advertising agency, produced a movie called ''Counterfeit Mini Coopers'' as part of the ad campaign.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://theory.isthereason.com/?p=463 |title=Video: Counter Counterfeit Mini Coopers |publisher=Theory.isthereason.com |date=29 October 2005 |access-date=17 November 2010}}</ref>

To advertise Mini Clubman's 2008 introduction to the Chinese market, Beijing Mini offered a Mini [[Auto rickshaw|Rickshaw]], which uses the rear half of Mini Clubman.<ref>{{cite web|last=Korzeniewski |first=Jeremy |url=http://www.autoblog.com/2008/08/08/mini-clubman-rickshaws-running-around-beijing/ |title=Mini Clubman Rickshaws running around Beijing |publisher=Autoblog.com |date=8 August 2008 |access-date=17 November 2010}}</ref>

==Controversy==
It is reported that BMW was ordered by U.S. regulators to reduce fuel economy ratings on four 2014 Mini Coopers as results from [[EPA]] testing did not match the automaker's submissions.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Burden|first1=Melissa|title=GM halts large SUV sales due to fuel economy labels|url=http://www.detroitnews.com/story/business/autos/general-motors/2016/05/13/gm-suvs/84340896/|access-date=14 May 2016|work=The Detroit News|date=13 May 2016}}</ref>

The rear turn signals have been heavily criticised for pointing in the wrong way, as that may lead to accidents.<ref>[https://www.motor1.com/news/535958/mini-cooper-turn-signal/ We All Just Realized Mini's Taillights Are Pointing The Wrong Way]</ref><ref>[https://jalopnik.com/congratulations-mini-you-made-the-stupidest-turn-sign-1847727385 Congratulations, Mini, You Made The Stupidest Turn Signals Ever]</ref>

==Films==
In 1969, the original British Mini was featured in the gold-heist film ''[[The Italian Job]]'' starring [[Michael Caine]] and [[Noël Coward]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0064505/|title = The Italian Job|website = [[IMDb]]|date = 3 September 1969}}</ref>

In 2002, an original Austin Mini Mayfair MKV was featured in the [[The Bourne Identity (2002 film)|Bourne Identity]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mini – Bourne Identity {{!}} CAR Magazine |url=https://www.carmagazine.co.uk/car-news/mini/mini---bourne-identity/ |access-date=2022-09-16 |website=www.carmagazine.co.uk}}</ref> In the action scene, [[Matt Damon]]'s character is chased through Paris, France .

In 2003, the new MINI Cooper was shown in a remake of ''[[The Italian Job (2003 film)|The Italian Job]]''. One Chilli Red MINI was a Cooper S Hatch R53, the Electric Blue MINI was a Cooper Hatch R53, and the Pepper White MINI was also a Cooper Hatch R53. [[Charlize Theron]]'s character also drivers an original Rover Mini Cooper.

In 2023, ten Mini Countryman R60 are used as chase vehicles in [[Fast X]], the tenth instalment of the [[Fast & Furious|Fast and Furious]] franchise. The film's picture car supervisor in Europe and the UK, Alex King, said he bought 10 Countrymans in the UK for the film, before modifying them to look like a proper rally car.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-18 |title=These are the star cars to look out for in Fast X |url=https://www.expressandstar.com/news/motors/features/2023/05/18/these-are-the-star-cars-to-look-out-for-in-fast-x/ |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=www.expressandstar.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Demonstration models==
{{Outdated as of | year = 2014 | month = 3 | day = 3 | type=Category | demospace=category }}

===Mini E (2009 to 2010)===
{{Main|Mini E}}
[[File:Mini E -- 2010 DC.jpg|thumb|Mini E [[electric car]]]]
The Mini E is a front-wheel drive [[electric car]] powered version of the Mini and was unveiled in 2008 at the [[Los Angeles Auto Show]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Abuelsamid |first=Sam |url=http://green.autoblog.com/2008/11/18/la-2008-live-reveal-of-the-mini-e/ |title=LA 2008: Live reveal of the Mini E |publisher=Green.autoblog.com |date=18 November 2008 |access-date=17 November 2010}}</ref> with an electric motor rated {{convert|204|PS|kW hp|abbr=on}} and {{convert|220|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}}, 380&nbsp;V {{convert|35|kWh}} [[lithium-ion battery]] with distance of {{Convert|240|km}}. It has top speed of {{convert|152|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}. The [[vehicle glider]]s are built in the Mini factory in Oxford, while batteries, electric drive and power electronics are manufactured in Munich. The components are then shipped to a specially equipped manufacturing complex, situated on BMW plant premises where the electric motor, battery units, performance electronics and transmission can be integrated.<ref>{{cite web|last=Abuelsamid |first=Sam |url=http://www.autobloggreen.com/2008/10/18/la-preview-officially-official-the-mini-e-does-it-use-a-tesl/ |title=LA Preview: Officially, official: the Mini E! |publisher=Autobloggreen.com |date=18 October 2008 |access-date=17 November 2010}}</ref>

The Mini E is a demonstration car part of BMW's "Project i", which will be followed in mid-2011 by a similar trial with the [[BMW ActiveE]] ([[all-electric vehicle]]), which will be built based on the lessons learned from the Mini E field testing. The last phase of "Project i" is the development of the [[BMW Mega City Vehicle|Mega City Vehicle]] (MCV) urban electric car, a new brand that will be sold separately from BMW or Mini, and is expected to go into [[mass production]] between 2013 and 2015.<ref name=Wards0510/><ref name=AutoMag2010>{{cite web|url=http://www.automobilemag.com/green/news/1005_rich_steinberg_interview/index.html|title=Green: Rich Steinberg Interview|publisher=[[Automobile Magazine]]|author=Joe Lorio|date=May 2010|access-date=12 June 2010}}</ref><ref name=Edmunds0510/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/04/automobiles/04MEGACITY.html?_r=1&ref=automobiles|title=Envisioning a Small Electric BMW for the World's Very Big Cities|author=Phil Patton|work=The New York Times|date=3 July 2010|access-date=3 July 2010}}</ref>
Field testing began in June 2009 and 450 Mini E were made available through leasing to private users in [[Los Angeles]] and the [[New York City|New York]]/[[New Jersey]] area.<ref name=GCC0809>{{cite web|url=http://www.greencarcongress.com/2009/08/bmw-ucdavis-20090814.html|title=BMW and UC Davis Partner on MINI E Study|date=14 August 2009|access-date=25 December 2009|publisher=[[Green Car Congress]]}}</ref> In May 2010 BMW announced that leasing could be renewed for another year at a lower leasing price.<ref name=Edmunds0510>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.edmunds.com/greencaradvisor/2010/05/mini-says-half-of-last-years-mini-e-lessees-renewed-for-another-year.html |title=Mini Says Half of Last Year's Mini E Lessees Renewed for Another Year |publisher=[[Edmunds.com]] |date=12 May 2010 |access-date=12 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100518195036/http://blogs.edmunds.com/greencaradvisor/2010/05/mini-says-half-of-last-years-mini-e-lessees-renewed-for-another-year.html |archive-date=18 May 2010 }}</ref><ref name=AbG0510>{{cite web|url=http://green.autoblog.com/2010/05/14/half-of-mini-e-lessees-renew-for-another-year-price-dropped-to/|title=Half of Mini E lessees renew for another year, price dropped to $600/month|publisher=[[AutoblogGreen]]|date=14 May 2010|access-date=12 June 2010}}</ref> 
Another field test was launched in the UK in December 2009, where more than 40 Mini E cars were handed to private users for a two consecutive six-month field trial periods.<ref name=GCC1209>{{cite web|url=http://www.greencarcongress.com/2009/12/minie-20091214.html|title=BMW Delivers 40 Electric MINI E Cars for UK Trial|publisher=[[Green Car Congress]]|date=14 December 2009|access-date=25 December 2009}}</ref> 
Additional field testing is taking place in Germany and France.<ref name=Wards0510>{{cite web|url=http://wardsauto.com/ar/mini_bmw_ev_100519/|title=Mini E Only Beginning of BMW EV Strategy|author=Tom Murphy|publisher=Wards Auto|date=19 May 2010|access-date=13 June 2010}}</ref><ref name=PlugIn0510>{{cite web|url=http://www.plugincars.com/upcoming-munich-mini-e-trial.html|title=Upcoming Munich MIni E Trial|author=Zaher Karp|publisher=PluginCars.com|date=May 2010|access-date=12 June 2010}}</ref><ref name=JustAuto0610>{{cite web|url=http://www.just-auto.com/news/harsh-winter-provides-valuable-mini-ev-feedback_id104628.aspx?lk=emf|title=UK: Harsh winter provides valuable Mini EV feedback|publisher=Just Auto|author=Chris Wright|date=3 June 2010|access-date=13 June 2010}}</ref><ref name=NYT0510>{{cite news|url=http://wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/05/19/bmws-busy-hybrid-future/?scp=4&sq=Mini%20E&st=cse|title=BMW's Hybrid Future May Include 3 Series|author=Jim Motavalli|work=The New York Times|date=19 May 2010 |access-date=13 June 2010}}</ref> 
This trial program allowed the [[BMW Group]] to become the world's first major car manufacturer to deploy a fleet of more than 500 all-electric vehicles for private use.<ref name=WP122409>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/12/23/AR2009122303463.html?sub=AR|title=Recharging and other concerns keep electric cars far from mainstream|author=Peter Whoriskey|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=24 December 2009|access-date=25 December 2009}}</ref>

==Concept cars==
{{Main|Mini concept cars}}
[[File:MINI Rocketman (5491913668).jpg|thumb|The Mini Rocketman on display at the 2011 Geneva Motor Show]]
There were several Mini concept cars produced to show future ideas and forthcoming models such as the '''ACV30''' in 1997 and the Crossover in 2008 which became the [[Mini Countryman]] in 2010.

The ACV30 featured several elements that influenced the eventual new Mini of 2001 such as the black a-pillars, chunky wheel arch detailing and white roof. The concept was attributed to the BMW designer [[Adrian van Hooydonk]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cardesignnews.com/site/home/display/store4/item149644/ |title=Car Design News 3 February 2009 |publisher=Cardesignnews.com |access-date=25 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708120302/http://www.cardesignnews.com/site/home/display/store4/item149644/ |archive-date=8 July 2011  }}</ref> and [[Frank Stephenson]].
[[File:Mini John Cooper Works GP Concept, IAA 2017, Frankfurt (1Y7A3226).jpg|thumb|Mini John Cooper Works GP Concept]]

===Alternative fuel versions===
BMW demonstrated a [[hydrogen]]-powered internal combustion technology in some of their concept cars in 2000 and 2001, and Mini showcased a hydrogen-powered concept car in 2001 at the Frankfurt Auto Show. The car differs from [[hybrid vehicle|electric]]-motor hydrogen concepts, such as the [[Honda FCX]] in that it uses a cylinder-based [[internal combustion engine]].

An all-electric Mini is in use at the British Embassy in Mexico that uses around {{convert|200|kg}} of lithium-ion batteries.{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}} Three electric Minis were also made for use in some subway scenes in the 2003 movie ''[[The Italian Job (2003 film)|The Italian Job]]'' to satisfy the subway authorities concerns over possible carbon monoxide poisoning.{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}}

[[PML Flightlink]] developed a prototype series-hybrid conversion, called "Mini QED", replacing the drivetrain with an {{convert|160|bhp|abbr=on}} electric motor in each wheel and an efficient on-board petrol generator.<ref>[http://www.pmlflightlink.com/archive/news_mini.html Hybrid electric cars, electric cars UK, electric vehicle conversions, hybrid motor vehicles] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070830221958/http://www.pmlflightlink.com/archive/news_mini.html |date=30 August 2007 }}</ref>

==Motorsport==
[[File:Mini Cooper S 1964 (AJB 44B) - 2016.jpg|thumb|right|The 1964 Morris Mini Cooper S, winner of the 1965 [[Monte Carlo Rally]]]]

The Mini Cooper S won the [[Rallye Automobile Monte Carlo|Monte Carlo Rally]] in 1964, 1965 and 1967.<ref name="montecarlo">{{cite web|url=http://www.acm.mc |title=Monte Carlo Automobile Club |publisher=Acm.mc |access-date=11 October 2010}}</ref> Minis were initially placed first, second and third in the 1966 rally as well, but were controversially disqualified for the use of a variable resistance [[headlight|headlamp]] dimming circuit in place of a dual-filament lamp.<ref name="browning">{{cite book | author=Browning, Peter | title=The Works Minis | isbn=0-85429-128-8 | year=1971 | publisher=Foulis | location=Henley on Thames }}</ref>

An R56 Challenge vehicle was entered in the 2008 Mini Challenge.<ref>[http://www.minichallenge.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=106&Itemid=9 More Information] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023125824/http://www.minichallenge.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=106&Itemid=9 |date=23 October 2012 }}</ref> The Mini Challenge Motorsport Category runs globally, with the categories in Germany, Australia, England, [[Spain]], [[New Zealand]], and [[Saudi Arabia]] commencing in 2010.

RSR Motorsports has entered three Mini Coopers in the [[KONI Challenge Series]] Street Tuner class.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://grand-am.com/schedule/entrylist.cfm?series=k&eid=877 |title=Event Information – Entry List |publisher=Grand-am.com |date=3 June 2009 |access-date=19 June 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711123223/http://www.grand-am.com/schedule/entrylist.cfm?series=k&eid=877 |archive-date=11 July 2011 }}</ref>

===Mini Countryman WRC===
{{Main|Mini Countryman WRC}}
[[File:11-09-04-iaa-by-RalfR-216.jpg|thumbnail|left|Mini Countryman WRC car]]
On 27 July 2010, Mini announced plans to enter the [[World Rally Championship]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ausmotive.com/2010/07/27/mini-confirms-wrc-entry-from-2011.html|title=MINI confirms WRC entry from 2011|publisher=AUSmotive.com}}</ref> The Countryman is the chosen donor model and [[Prodrive]] have been selected to prepare the Mini Countryman WRC. The factory team competed in a reduced programme for the 2011 WRC season, before cutting funding. Prodrive will still produce all specs of the Countryman WRC cars, but will self fund a reduced programme for the 2012.
{{Clear}}

===Formula E safety car===
On 30 March 2021, Mini announced the fully-electric Pacesetter. The car is intended for use from the [[2020–21 Formula E World Championship]] onwards.<ref>{{cite web|title=Electric MINI Pacesetter Won't Make Production, But It Makes EVs Exciting|url=https://insideevs.com/news/497722/MINI-pacesetter-concept-safety-car-electric-revealed/|website=InsideEVs|author=Andrei Nedelea|date=30 March 2021|access-date=30 March 2021}}</ref>

==Awards and criticism==
[[File:MINI at premiere of the italian job.jpg|thumb|Mini owners were invited to bring their cars to the world premiere of ''[[The Italian Job (2003 film)|The Italian Job]]'']]

The original two-door Mini has won numerous awards, perhaps the most notable being: "Car of the Century" (''[[Autocar (magazine)|Autocar]]'' magazine 1995), "Number One Classic Car of All Time" (''[[Classic & Sports Car]]'' magazine 1996) and "European Car of the Century" in a worldwide [[Internet]] poll run by the prestigious [[Global Automotive Elections Foundation]] in 1999. The original Mini achieved second place for "Global Car of the Century" in the same poll (behind the [[Model T Ford]]).

The Mini Cooper/Cooper S (2001–2006) won the [[North American Car of the Year]] award in 2003.<ref name="robson">{{cite book |title=New Mini |author=Graham Robson |isbn=1-85960-874-4 |year=2002 |publisher=Haynes North America |location=Newbury Park, Calif.}}</ref> The convertible model won the Most Spirited/Entry-Level category of the 2005 [[International Car of the Year]]. Following the launch of the Mk II Mini, Top Gear named the new Cooper S their ''Small Car of the Year 2006''.<ref>[http://www.topgear.com/content/features/stories/2006/12/stories/09/1.html Top Gear 10 December 2006] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519200226/http://www.topgear.com/content/features/stories/2006/12/stories/09/1.html |date=19 May 2011}}</ref> The car was runner up in the 2007 [[World Car of the Year]]. In 2008 the green version of the Mini, the Mini Cooper D, was nominated for [http://www.whatgreencar.com WhatGreenCar.com] Car of the Year Awards. The judges commended the Cooper D for its EfficientDynamics stop-start and regenerative braking technology and were impressed by the car's driving experience.  The Cooper D reached the shortlist for the ''Green Car Awards'', but lost to the [[Ford Focus (International)#Focus ECOnetic|Ford Focus ECOnetic]]. In April 2010 [[Kelley Blue Book]] included the Mini Cooper as one of its ''Top 10 Green Cars for 2010''.<ref name=KBB2010>{{cite web|url=http://www.kbb.com/kbb/green-cars/articles.aspx?BlogPostId=1783 |title=KBB Green: Top 10 Green Cars for 2010 |publisher=[[Kelley Blue Book]] |date=April 2010 |access-date=2 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100424225137/http://www.kbb.com/kbb/green-cars/articles.aspx?BlogPostId=1783 |archive-date=24 April 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://content.usatoday.com/communities/driveon/post/2010/04/kbbs-green-cars-list-includes-vw-golf-tdi-chevy-tahoe-hybrid/1|title=KBB's green cars list includes VW Golf TDI, Chevy Tahoe hybrid|work=[[USA Today]]|date=20 April 2010|access-date=2 May 2010}}</ref>

[[Alex Moulton|Dr. Alex Moulton]], the designer of the suspension system for the original two-door Mini, spoke about the new Mini in an interview with ''MiniWorld'' magazine: "It's enormous—the original Mini was the best packaged car of all time—this is an example of how not to do it. It's huge on the outside and weighs the same as an Austin Maxi. The crash protection has been taken too far. I mean, what do you want, an armoured car? It is an irrelevance insofar as it has no part in the Mini story."<ref name="Moulton">{{cite web |url=http://www.mgfcar.de/hydragas/moulton.htm |title=Alex Moulton |publisher=MiniWorld |access-date=24 April 2006}}</ref>

The [[Pulitzer Prize]]-winning automotive journalist [[Dan Neil (journalist)|Dan Neil]] has suggested that, with the introduction of the Countryman, Mini had pushed the marque beyond relevance by making a car so long, wide and tall it forsook the inner logic of the brand: excellent handling in a tiny size.<ref name="nyt01">{{cite news |title=What Part of 'Mini' Did You Not Grasp, BMW? |work=The Wall Street Journal |author=Dan Neil |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704615504576172832123217962?mod=WSJ_hpp_editorsPicks_2 |date=5 March 2011}}</ref> In the 2013 [[International Engine of the Year|International Engine of the Year Awards]] which took place on 5 June 2013, Mini won an award for its [[BMW N13#turbo|1.6-liter four-cylinder TwinPower Turbo]] from the Mini Cooper S for the third time in a row in the category of 1.4- to 1.8-liter engines. The engine has "twin-scroll turbocharging with an overboost function, direct petrol injection and valve control based on the Valvetronic system"<ref name="IEoY3">{{cite news |title=Two reasons for the BMW Group to celebrate in the 2013 Engine of the Year Awards. Class victories for the 2.0-litre engine with BMW TwinPower Turbo technology and the 1.6-litre unit in the MINI Cooper S. |publisher=BMW AG |url=https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/pressclub/p/pcgl/pressDetail.html?title=two-reasons-for-the-bmw-group-to-celebrate-in-the-2013-engine-of-the-year-awards-class-victories-for&outputChannelId=6&id=T0142568EN&left_menu_item=node__2216 |date=5 June 2013}}</ref> and has an output of 135&nbsp;kW/184&nbsp;hp and provides enough power for the Mini Cooper S to accelerate from 0–100 in 7.0 seconds and in 2013 is available for [[Mini Countryman|Mini Cooper S Countryman]] and [[Mini Paceman|Mini Cooper S Paceman]] and an ALL-4 transmission can also be added to the configuration.<ref name="IEoY1">{{cite news |title=BMW Group Receives Two "Engine of the Year Awards" 2013 |publisher=CARSPECWALL.COM |url=http://www.carspecwall.com/news/bmw-group-recieves-two-engine-of-the-year-awards/ |date=5 June 2013 |access-date=10 June 2013 |archive-date=12 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612162938/https://www.carspecwall.com/news/bmw-group-recieves-two-engine-of-the-year-awards/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="IEoY2">{{cite news |title=BMW Enjoys Two Class Wins at 2013 Engine of the Year Awards |publisher=AUTOSVENUE.COM |url=http://www.autosvenue.com/bmw-enjoys-two-class-wins-at-2013-engine-of-the-year-awards/ |date=10 June 2013}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Mini Paceman]]
* [[Frank Stephenson]]

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.mini.com Official international Mini website]
* Official [https://twitter.com/MINI MINI(International)] account on [[Twitter]]
*{{Commons-inline|links=[[commons:Category:Mini|Mini]] and [[commons:Category:BMW Mini|BMW Mini]]}}

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