View source for Metropolitan Transportation Authority

{{short description|Public transportation organization in New York}}
{{About|the Metropolitan Transportation Authority in New York|other similarly named entities|Metropolitan Transit Authority (disambiguation){{!}}Metropolitan Transit Authority|and|MTA (disambiguation)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox public transit
| box_width = 
| name = Metropolitan Transportation Authority
| image = MTA NYC logo.svg
| alt = Logo for the Metropolitan Transportation Authority
| imagesize = 60px
| caption = 
| image2 = Sample of MTA services MNRR NYCT Bus LIRR MTA Bus LI Bus NYCT Subway.jpg
| alt2 = A sampling of MTA services
| imagesize2 = 300px
| caption2 = The Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) provides local and express bus, subway, and commuter rail service in Greater New York, and operates multiple toll bridges and tunnels in New York City.
| image3 = 
| alt3 = 
| imagesize3 = 
| caption3 = 
| native_name = <!-- use {{lang}} -->
| owner = [[New York (state)|State of New York]]
| area served = 
| locale = [[New York City]]<br />[[Long Island]]<br />Lower [[Hudson Valley]]<br />[[Coastal Connecticut]]<br />Lower [[Housatonic Valley]]<br />Lower [[Naugatuck River Valley]]
| transit_type = [[Commuter rail]], local and express bus, [[Rapid transit|subway]], [[bus rapid transit]]
| lines = * 19 commuter rail routes
** 8 Metro-North routes
** 11 LIRR routes
* 26 rapid transit routes
** 25 subway routes
** 1 Staten Island Railway route
* 347 bus routes
** 248 local routes
** 79 express routes
** 20 [[Select Bus Service]] routes
| stations = 
| daily_ridership = 3.6&nbsp;million (2023 weekday average)<ref name=mtanetwork/>
| annual_ridership = 1.15&nbsp;billion (2023)<ref name="mtanetwork">{{cite web |url=http://web.mta.info/mta/network.htm |title=The MTA Network |publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority |access-date=June 2, 2018}}</ref>
| key_people = [[Janno Lieber]], Chairman & CEO<ref name=management>{{cite web |url=https://new.mta.info/transparency/leadership/executive-leadership |title=MTA Leadership |publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|access-date=August 9, 2021}}</ref>
| headquarters = [[2 Broadway]], [[Manhattan]], New York City
| website = {{official url}}
| began_operation = June 1, 1965<ref name=mta-act/>
| operator = *[[Long Island Rail Road|MTA Long Island Rail Road]]
* [[Metro-North Railroad|MTA Metro-North Railroad]]
* [[New York City Subway|MTA New York City Subway]]
* [[MTA Regional Bus Operations]]
* [[Staten Island Railway|MTA Staten Island Railway]]
| marks = 
| host = 
| character = 
| vehicles = 2,429 commuter rail cars<br />6,787 [[List of New York City Subway rolling stock|subway cars]]<br />61 SIR cars<br />5,840 [[MTA Regional Bus Operations bus fleet|buses]]<ref name="mtanetwork"/>
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| average_speed = <!-- {{convert|0|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} -->
| top_speed = <!-- {{convert|0|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} -->
| map = 
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| map_state = <!-- show or collapsed -->
}}

The '''Metropolitan Transportation Authority''' ('''MTA''') is a [[New York state public benefit corporations|public benefit corporation]] in [[New York (state)|New York State]] responsible for [[public transportation]] in the [[New York metropolitan area|New York City metropolitan area]]. The MTA is the largest public transit authority in North America, serving 12 counties in [[Downstate New York]], along with two counties in southwestern [[Connecticut]] under contract to the [[Connecticut Department of Transportation]], carrying over 11 million passengers on an average weekday systemwide, and over 850,000 vehicles on its [[MTA Bridges and Tunnels|seven toll bridges and two tunnels]] per weekday.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the MTA |url=https://www.mta.info/about |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=MTA |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
===Founding===
In February 1965, New York governor [[Nelson Rockefeller]] suggested that the [[New York State Legislature]] create an authority to purchase, operate, and modernize the [[Long Island Rail Road]] (LIRR). The LIRR, then a subsidiary of the [[Pennsylvania Railroad]] (PRR), had been operating under bankruptcy protection since 1949. The proposed authority would also have the power to make contracts or arrangements with other [[commuter rail]] operators in the [[New York metropolitan area|New York City area]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1965/02/26/101529219.pdf|title=Rockefeller Urges State Buy L.I.R.R. and Modernize It – To Ask Legislature to Vote Funds to Purchase Line at 'Reasonable' Price – New Board Is Proposed – It Would Sell $200 Million Bonds for Improvements – Railroad Favors Plan |first=Charles |last=Grutzner |date=February 26, 1965|work=The New York Times|access-date=January 31, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> On June 1, 1965, the legislature chartered the '''Metropolitan Commuter Transportation Authority''' (MCTA) to take over the operations of the LIRR.<ref name=mta-act>{{cite book|ref={{SfnRef|Act}}|chapter=Metropolitan Commuter Transportation Authority Act|title=[[Laws of New York]]|volume=[[175th New York State Legislature|188th sess.]]: I|year=1965|pages=1042–1062|hdl=2027/nyp.33433107706115|issn=0892-287X|chapter-url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433107706115?urlappend=%3Bseq=1062}} Chapter 324, enacted 1 June 1965, effective immediately.</ref><ref name=jacket>{{citation|title=New York State bill jackets - L-1965-CH-0324|author=NYS Executive Department|author-link=New York State Executive Department|publisher=[[New York State Library]]|publication-date=1 June 1965|url=https://nysl.ptfs.com/aw-server/rest/product/purl/NYSL/i/1122f9f5-51e5-49a4-bac2-a8d5dc595164|access-date=2022-10-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1965/05/21/97202522.pdf|title=Assembly Votes Commuter Board – Bill Creates Transportation Authority for City Area|date=May 21, 1965|work=The New York Times|access-date=January 31, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Governor Rockefeller appointed his top aide, [[William J. Ronan]], as chairman and chief executive officer of the MCTA.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1965/06/22/106994685.pdf|title=Rockefeller Names Ronan to Rail Job – Aide to Governor to Head New Agency at $45,000|date=June 22, 1965|work=The New York Times|access-date=January 31, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In June 1965, the state finalized an agreement to buy the LIRR from the PRR for $65 million.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1965/06/03/97204704.pdf|title=State in Accord With the Pennsy on Buying L.I.R.R. – P.R.R. Agrees on Price of $65 Million With New Transportation Agency|date=June 3, 1965|work=The New York Times|access-date=January 31, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The MCTA made a down payment of $10 million for the LIRR in December 1965,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1965/12/23/96726212.pdf|title=Authority Signs a Pact To Buy the Long Island|date=December 23, 1965|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 1, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> and it completed the rest of the payment the next month.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1966/01/21/89643178.pdf|title=State Takes Over the L.I. Rail Road – Finishes Paying the Pennsy – Re-elects All Officers|date=1966|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 1, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

In February 1965, Rockefeller and [[Connecticut]] governor [[John N. Dempsey]] jointly suggested that operations of the [[New Haven Line]], the [[New Haven Railroad]]'s struggling [[commuter rail]] operation, be transferred to the [[New York Central Railroad]] as part of a plan to prevent the New Haven Railroad from going bankrupt. If the operational merger occurred, the proposed MCTA and the existing [[Connecticut Department of Transportation|Connecticut Transportation Authority]] would contract with New York Central to operate the New Haven Line to [[Grand Central Terminal]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1965/02/28/98453399.pdf|title=Connecticuty Joins New York in Plan to Aid Commuters – Service-Contract Idea Might Involve Leasing Lines of Central and New Haven |first=Emanuel |last=Perlmutter |date=February 28, 1965|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 1, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> A September 1965 joint report from both agencies, recommended that the line be leased to New York Central for 99 years, with the MCTA and CTA acting as agents for both states.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2010/Yonkers%20NY%20Herald%20Statesman/Yonkers%20NY%20Herald%20Statesman%201966%20%20Grayscale/Yonkers%20NY%20Herald%20Statesman%201966%20A%20%20Grayscale%20-%201025.pdf|title=2 States May Lease, Modernize NHRR NYC-New Haven Section|date=September 27, 1966|work=Yonkers Herald Statesman|access-date=February 1, 2018|page=2|via=[[Fultonhistory.com]]}}</ref>

In October 1965, the MCTA found that the New Haven Line's stations and infrastructure were even more decrepit than those of the LIRR.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1965/10/29/94998028.pdf|title=Rail Panel Views New Haven Needs – Reports Situation Is Worse Than It Had Expected|date=October 29, 1965|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 1, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The New Haven Railroad's trustees initially opposed New York Central's takeover of the New Haven Line, as they felt that the $140 million offer for the New Haven Line was too low.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1966/10/11/90228514.pdf|title=New Haven Sale Opposed on Price – $140-Million Deal Is Called 'Wholly Inadequate' by Metropolitan Life – Passenger Aid Slated – Insurer Backs Road's Entry Into Merger of Pennsy and Central Lines|date=October 11, 1966|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 1, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> After some discussion, the trustees decided to continue operating the New Haven Line until June 1967.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1966/12/15/82545449.pdf|title=New Haven Plans to Extend Runs– Passenger Service to New York Will Be Maintained Till June 30, 1967|date=December 15, 1966|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 1, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

In January 1966, New York City Mayor [[John Lindsay]] proposed merging the [[New York City Transit Authority]] (NYCTA), which operated buses and subways in New York City, and the [[Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority]] (TBTA), which operated toll bridges and tunnels within the city.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1966/01/08/79270492.pdf|title=Albany Is Warm to Transit Unity – Leaders Indicate Readiness to Weigh Lindsay Plan|date=1966|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 1, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Rockefeller offered his "complete support" for Lindsay's proposed unified transit agency,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1966/02/09/121571906.pdf|title=Governor Backs Mayor on Transit – Support on Legislation for Unification Is Assured|date=February 9, 1966|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 1, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> while longtime city planner and TBTA chair [[Robert Moses]] called the proposed merger "absurd" and "grotesque" for its unwieldiness.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1967/01/22/89658580.pdf|title=Moses Scores a Transit Merger as Unworkable|date=1967|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 1, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In June 1966, Rockefeller announced his plans to expand the MCTA's scope to create a new regional transit authority. The new authority would encompass the existing MCTA, as well as the NYCTA and TBTA.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1966/06/03/82445384.pdf|title=Rockefeller Seeks Regional Agency to Direct Transit – It Would Include Subway and Bridge Authorities and L.I. Rail Road – Bill Under Study Now – Commuter Organization for Metropolitan Area May Get More Powers |first=Sydney H. |last=Schanberg |date=June 3, 1966|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 1, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Lindsay disagreed, saying that the state and city should have operationally separate transit authorities that worked in tandem.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1966/06/04/96973413.pdf|title=Lindsay Is Strongly Opposed To State Transit Proposal|date=June 4, 1966|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 1, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

In May 1967, Rockefeller signed a bill that allowed the MCTA to oversee the mass transit policies of New York City-area transit systems. The unification agreement took place the following March, with the MCTA taking over the operations of the LIRR, NYCTA, TBTA, New Haven commuter services, New York Central commuter services, and the [[Staten Island Railway|Staten Island Rapid Transit Railway]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1967/05/03/107189055.pdf|title=Governor Signs 2d Transit Bill – Unification Measure Names Agency to Head Operation|date=May 3, 1967|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 1, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Initially, the TBTA was resistant to the MCTA's efforts to acquire it.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1968/02/10/79933622.pdf|title=Triborough Pact Ends Last Block to Transit Unity – Superagency Will Control Authority, but Is Curbed on Transfer of Funds |date=February 10, 1968|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 1, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Moses was afraid that the enlarged MCTA would "undermine, destroy or tarnish" the integrity of the TBTA,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1968/02/19/76868294.pdf|title=Moses Cautions New Authority – Praises Triborough Bridge Operations in Final Report|date=February 19, 1968|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 1, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> One source of contention was Rockefeller's proposal to use TBTA tolls in order to subsidize the cheap fares of the NYCTA, since Moses strongly opposed any use of TBTA tolls by outside agencies.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1967/02/28/83581293.pdf|title=Triborough Funds Are Again Sought to Save 20c Fare – Governor and Mayor Study Way to Include Authority in Metropolitan Program – Aid to Lindsay Is An Aim – Move Would Avoid Another Fare Rise Before Election No Comment by Moses |date=February 28, 1967|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 1, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In February 1968, Moses acquiesced to the MCTA's merger proposal.<ref name=":1" /> New York Central and the PRR merged in February 1968, forming the [[Penn Central Transportation Company]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1968/01/31/79932636.pdf|title=Court Here Lets Railroads Consolidate Tomorrow – Rail Merger Gets Final Clearance|date=1968|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 1, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

In February 1968, the MCTA published a 56-page report for Governor Rockefeller, proposing several subway and railroad improvements under the name "[[Program for Action|Metropolitan Transportation, a Program for Action]]"<ref name="int-arch">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/metropolitantran00newy/metropolitantran00newy_djvu.txt|title=Full text of "Metropolitan transportation, a program for action. Report to Nelson A. Rockefeller, Governor of New York."|date=November 7, 1967|website=Internet Archive|access-date=October 1, 2015|publisher=New York}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=crQiAQAAMAAJ|title=Annual Report|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|year=1970|access-date=October 1, 2015}}</ref><ref name="nyt19680229-Bennett">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1968/02/29/77174646.pdf|title=Transportation Funding Would Have 4 Sources; Plan's Financing Would Be Varied|last1=Bennett|first1=Charles G.|date=February 29, 1968|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=October 11, 2015}}</ref><ref name="nyt19680229-Witkin">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1968/02/29/77174644.pdf|title=$2.9-Billion Transit Plan for New York Area Links Subways, Rails, Airports; 2-Phase Proposal – Program by Governor Calls for $1.6-Billion in First 10 Years – 2-Phase Proposal for Transit Given|last1=Witkin|first1=Richard|date=February 29, 1968|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=October 11, 2015}}</ref> alternatively called the "Grand Design".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.mta.info/capital/esa_docs/feisfiles/01_purpose_and_need.pdf|title=Chapter 1: Purpose and Need|website=mta.info|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|page=17|access-date=December 19, 2015}}</ref> The city had already intended to build subway extensions in all four boroughs, so that most riders would need at most one transfer to get to their destination.<ref name="nyt19680102">{{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1968/01/02/89312800.pdf|title=Routes Outlined for New Subways – City Aides Report Major Agreement on Layout of Lines in 3|date=1968|work=The New York Times|access-date=September 27, 2017|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The Program for Action also called for upgrades to the Penn Central railroads and area airports.<ref name="int-arch" /> The Program for Action was put forward simultaneously with other development and transportation plans under the administration of Mayor Lindsay. This included Lindsay's Linear City plan for housing and educational facilities, and the projected construction of several [[Interstate Highway System|Interstate Highways]], many of which had originally been proposed by Robert Moses.<ref name="MTA-ProgramforAction2-Aug1969">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/regionaltranspor00newy|title=Regional Transportation Program|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|access-date=July 26, 2016|year=1969}}</ref><ref name="NYTimes-QnsInterboroExy-1971">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1971/05/23/91286116.pdf|title=Interboro Route Angers Residents – Proposal for a Truck Link Assailed in Queens|last1=Burks|first1=Edward C.|date=May 23, 1971|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=October 3, 2015}}</ref>

=== Expanded purview ===
On March 1, 1968, the day after the release of the Program for Action, the MCTA dropped the word "Commuter" from its name and became the '''Metropolitan Transportation Authority''' (MTA).<ref>{{cite book|chapter=An act to amend laws … in relation to transportation … the Metropolitan Commuter Transportation Authority … the New York City Transit Authority … and the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority.|title=[[Laws of New York]]|volume=[[177th New York State Legislature|190th sess.]]: I|year=1967|pages=1831–1902|hdl=2027/uc1.a0001834803|issn=0892-287X|chapter-url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.a0001834803?urlappend=%3Bseq=1853}} Chapter 717, enacted 2 May 1967, various titles effective immediately, 1 September 1967, 1 March 1968, and otherwise.</ref> The MTA took over the operations of the other New York City-area transit systems.<ref name="QnsGazette-QnsPubTrans-51stBDay-2015">{{cite web|last1=Penner|first1=Larry|title=Happy 51st Birthday To Queens Public Transportation|url=http://www.qgazette.com/news/2015-07-15/Front_Page/Happy_51st_Birthday_To_Queens_Public_Transportatio.html|publisher=Queens Gazette|access-date=November 1, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912111108/http://www.qgazette.com/news/2015-07-15/Front_Page/Happy_51st_Birthday_To_Queens_Public_Transportatio.html|archive-date=September 12, 2015|url-status=live|date=July 15, 2014}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1968/03/02/79934932.pdf|title=M.T.A. Takes Over Transit Network – Moses Will Be Kept On as Consultant to Agency|date=March 2, 1968|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 1, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Moses was let go from his job as chairman of the TBTA, although he was retained as a consultant.<ref name=":0" /> The construction of two proposed bridges over the Long Island Sound was put under the jurisdiction of the MTA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thejoekorner.com/scripted-ticket-display.shtm?http://www.thejoekorner.com/lines/mta-pfa-68/status-1/pfa-status-1-21.jpg|title=Number One Transportation Progress An Interim Report|date=December 1968|website=thejoekorner.com|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|access-date=August 19, 2016}}</ref> Moses stated that TBTA construction projects would reduce the MTA's budget surplus through to 1970.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1967/03/31/90304744.pdf|title=Moses Says Triborough Projects Will Absorb Surpluses Until '69|date=March 31, 1967|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 1, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Chairman Ronan pushed for the MTA to pursue the Program for Action, saying, "We're making up for 30 years of do-nothingism".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1968/08/25/91290212.pdf|title=Ronan Lays Transit Crisis To a 30-Year Lag in City; Ronan Lays Transit Crisis to 30-Year Lag in City|date=August 25, 1968|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028021004/http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive/pdf?res%3D9E04E5DF1F3BE73ABC4D51DFBE668383679EDE|archive-date=October 28, 2014|url-status=dead|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

Ronan proposed that the MTA take over the Staten Island Rapid Transit Railway Company from the [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad]] and start a $25 million modernization project on the railway.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1968/05/08/88942407.pdf|title=City Urged to Take Over Staten Island Railway; Transportation Agency Asks a $25-Million Modernizing|date=May 8, 1968|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 6, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The city's Board of Estimate approved this purchase in December 1969.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1969/12/19/88872996.pdf|title=Board of Estimate Agrees to the Purchase of S.I.R.T. Line for $3.5-Million|date=December 19, 1969|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 6, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The MTA took ownership of the Staten Island Rapid Transit in January 1971.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/01/28/archives/about-new-york-is-sis-railroad-at-the-end-of-the-line.html|title=About New York|last=Corry|first=John|date=1976|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 6, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

The agency entered into a long-term lease of [[Penn Central Transportation|Penn Central]]'s [[Hudson Line (Metro-North)|Hudson]], [[Harlem Line|Harlem]], and New Haven Lines.<ref name="QnsGazette-QnsPubTrans-51stBDay-2015" /> Before 1968, the Hudson and Harlem Lines had been operated by the [[New York Central Railroad]], while the New Haven Line had been part of the [[New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad]]. Penn Central continued to operate the lines under contract to the MTA. In April 1970, Rockefeller proposed that the state take over the Hudson and Harlem Lines.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1970/04/17/archives/state-to-acquire-2-commuter-runs-mta-to-revamp-service-on-2-penn.html|title=State to Acquire 2 Commuter Runs|last=Kovach|first=Bill|date=April 17, 1970|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 1, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The next month, he signed a bond issue that provided $44.4 million in funding to these lines.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1970/05/07/archives/rockefeller-signs-bill-on-rail-lines-state-to-modernize-hudson-and.html|title=Rockefeller Signs Bill on Rail Lines|last=Witkin|first=Richard|date=May 7, 1970|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 1, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Penn Central's operations were folded into [[Conrail]] in 1976. The MTA took over full operations in 1983, and merged the lines into the [[Metro-North Railroad|Metro-North Commuter Railroad]].<ref name="QnsGazette-QnsPubTrans-51stBDay-2015" /> In 1994, the MTA rebranded its five subsidiaries with simpler names to convey that the different agencies were part of one agency.<ref>{{Cite news|last=McKinley| first=James C. Jr. |date=August 28, 1994|title=What's in a Symbol? A Lot, the M.T.A. Is Betting|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/08/28/nyregion/what-s-in-a-symbol-a-lot-the-mta-is-betting.html|access-date=July 29, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

==Responsibilities and service area==
The MTA has the responsibility for developing and implementing a unified mass transportation policy for the [[New York metropolitan area]], including all five [[boroughs of New York City]] and the suburban counties of [[Dutchess County, New York|Dutchess]], [[Nassau County, New York|Nassau]], [[Orange County, New York|Orange]], [[Putnam County, New York|Putnam]], [[Rockland County, New York|Rockland]], [[Suffolk County, New York|Suffolk]] and [[Westchester County, New York|Westchester]]. This twelve-county area make up the "Metropolitan Commuter Transportation District" (MCTD), within which the [[New York State Department of Taxation and Finance]] levies a [[commuter tax|"metropolitan commuter transportation mobility tax"]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Metropolitan commuter transportation mobility tax | website=Department of Taxation and Finance | date=November 7, 2014 | url=https://www.tax.ny.gov/bus/mctmt/default.htm | access-date=February 11, 2018}}</ref> On April 1, 2019, Patrick J. Foye was appointed chairman and CEO.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/02/nyregion/mta-cuomo-congestion-pricing.html |title = Cuomo Promised Transparency at the M.T.A. Then Its Leader Was Confirmed While You Slept|newspaper = The New York Times|date = April 2, 2019|last1 = Fitzsimmons|first1 = Emma G.}}</ref>

The MTA's immediate past chairpersons were [[William J. Ronan]] (1965–1974), [[David Yunich]] (1974–1975), [[Harold L. Fisher]] (1975–1979), [[Richard Ravitch]] (1979–1983), [[Robert Kiley]] (1983–1991), [[Peter Stangl]] (1991–1995), [[Virgil Conway]] (1995–2001), [[Peter S. Kalikow]] (2001–2007), [[H. Dale Hemmerdinger]] (2007–2009), [[Jay Walder]] (2009–2011), [[Joseph Lhota]] (2012), Thomas F. Prendergast (2013–2017), Joseph Lhota (2017–2018).<ref>{{cite web | title=Past Board Chairmen | publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority | date=June 20, 2017 | url=http://web.mta.info/mta/leadership/chairs.htm | access-date=February 11, 2018}}</ref> Lhota was re-appointed in 2017<ref name="mta-management">{{cite web | title=MTA Management Team | website=MTA | url=http://web.mta.info/mta/leadership/management.htm | access-date=February 11, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/joe-lhota-ready-challenge-fixing-mta-article-1.3270270|title=New MTA boss Joe Lhota welcomes the 'challenge' of fixing dysfunctional transit system|work=New York Daily News|date=June 22, 2017 |access-date=June 23, 2017}}</ref> and resigned on November 9, 2018. And lastly Pat Foye (2019-2021).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/Joe-Lhota-Resigns-As-MTA-Chairman-Effective-Immediately-500138801.html|title=MTA Chairman Joe Lhota Resigns, Effective Immediately|last=Siff|first=Andrew|date=November 9, 2018|work=NBC New York|access-date=November 9, 2018|language=en}}</ref>

The MTA considers itself to be the largest regional public transportation provider in the Western Hemisphere. {{as of|2018}}, its agencies serve a region of approximately 15.3 million people spread over {{convert|5,000|mi2|km2}} in 12 counties in New York and two in Connecticut. MTA agencies now move about 8.6 million customers per day (translating to 2.65 billion rail and bus customers a year) and employ about 74,000 people.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/mta-confirms-22-coronavirus-deaths-5430-employees-in-self-quarantine-2020-4|title=The MTA now has 20 times the confirmed coronavirus cases it had two weeks ago, with 5,600 employees in self-quarantine and 33 deaths|first=Tim|last=Levin|website=Business Insider}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Transportation Network | publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority | date=February 11, 2018 | url=http://web.mta.info/mta/network.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180211180823/http://web.mta.info/mta/network.htm | archive-date=February 11, 2018 | url-status=live | access-date=February 11, 2018}}</ref> The MTA's systems carry over 11 million passengers on an average weekday systemwide, and over 850,000 vehicles on its [[MTA Bridges and Tunnels|seven toll bridges and two tunnels]] per weekday.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.mta.info/bandt/html/btintro.html|title=MTA – About Bridges & Tunnels|access-date=October 1, 2014}}</ref>

==Subsidiaries and affiliates==
MTA carries out these planning and other responsibilities both directly and through its subsidiaries and affiliates, and provides oversight to these subordinate agencies, known collectively as "The Related Entities".<ref name="mta_related_entities">{{citation | title=Appendix A: The Related Entities | publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority | pages=A–3 | year=2002 | url=http://web.mta.info/mta/investor/pdf/2002app-a-v2.pdf | access-date=March 28, 2008 }}</ref> The Related Entities represent a number of previously existing agencies which have come under the MTA umbrella. These previously existing agencies were, with the exception of [[MTA Bridges and Tunnels]], [[MTA Construction and Development]], and [[MTA Grand Central Madison Concourse]], successors to the property of private companies that provided substantially the same services.

In 1994, the MTA spent $3 million rebranding its five subsidiaries with simpler names to convey that the different agencies were part of one agency. Surveys found that a majority of riders did not know that the MTA owned the Long Island Rail Road or the Metro-North Railroad. As part of the changes, the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority was renamed MTA Bridges and Tunnels; Staten Island Rapid Transit was renamed MTA Staten Island Railway; Metropolitan Suburban Bus Authority was renamed MTA Long Island Bus. The New York City Transit Authority was renamed MTA New York City Transit to seem less authoritarian, Metro–North Commuter Railroad was renamed MTA Metro-North Railroad to recognize the increase in non-commuter ridership.<ref name="nyt_19940828"/>

The MTA logo was changed from a two-toned "M" logo, to a blue circle with the MTA initials written in perspective, as if they were rushing by like a train. The large "M" logos on trains and buses were replaced with decals that state MTA New York City Bus, MTA New York City Subway or MTA Staten Island Railway, eliminating inconsistencies in signage.<ref name="nyt_19940828">{{cite news | last=McKinley | first=James C Jr. | title= What's in a Symbol? A Lot, the M.T.A. Is Betting | newspaper=[[The New York Times]] | date=August 28, 1994 | url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9903E6D81E39F93BA1575BC0A962958260 | access-date=February 23, 2008 }}</ref> Today, the older "M" logos survive on existing cube-shaped lamps on station lampposts dating to the 1980s, though such lamps have been updated with more modern spherical lamps over time.

Today, each of these Related Entities has a ''popular name'' and in some cases, a former ''legal name''.<ref name=board-structure/><ref name=subsidiary-2021/> Since 1994, the legal name has only been used for legal documents, such as contracts, and have not been used publicly.<ref name="nyt_19940828"/> Since the mid-2000s, the popular name has also been used for legal documents related to contract procurements where the legal name was used heretofore. Both are listed below.

===Subsidiary agencies===
* [[Long Island Rail Road|MTA Long Island Rail Road]] (LIRR)<br />''(legal name, no longer used publicly: The Long Island Rail Road Company)''<ref name="board-structure">{{Cite web|url=http://web.mta.info/mta/compliance/pdf/Description%20and%20Board%20Structure.pdf|title=Metropolitan Transportation Authority Description and Board Structure Covering Fiscal Year 2009 |publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|date=c. 2010|access-date=February 10, 2017|pages=2, 3}}</ref><ref name="subsidiary-2021">{{Cite web|url=https://new.mta.info/document/69276|title=MTA Subsidiary Public Benefit Corporations Report 2021|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|date=2021|access-date=April 21, 2023|page=1}}</ref>
* [[Metro-North Railroad|MTA Metro-North Railroad]] (MNR)<br />''(legal name, no longer used publicly: Metro-North Commuter Railroad Company)''<ref name=board-structure/><ref name=subsidiary-2021/>
* [[Grand Central Madison|MTA Grand Central Madison Concourse]] (GCMC)<br />''(legal name, not used publicly: MTA Grand Central Madison Concourse Operating Company)''<ref name=subsidiary-2021/>
* [[Staten Island Railway|MTA Staten Island Railway]] (SIR)<br />''(legal name, no longer used publicly: Staten Island Rapid Transit Operating Authority)''<ref name=board-structure/><ref name=subsidiary-2021/>
* [[MTA Construction and Development]] (MTAC&D)<br />''(legal name, not used publicly: MTA Construction and Development Company)''<ref name=subsidiary-2021/>
* [[MTA Regional Bus Operations]] (legal name, not used publicly; but rather trading as):
** MTA Bus <br />''(legal name, sometimes used publicly: MTA Bus Company)''<ref name=board-structure/>
** MTA New York City Bus<ref name=board-structure/>
* First Mutual Transportation Assurance Company (legal name, not used publicly; no public name)<ref name=subsidiary-2021/>

===Affiliate agencies===
* [[MTA Bridges and Tunnels]] (MTA B&T)<br />''(legal name, no longer used publicly: Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority, or TBTA'')<ref name=board-structure/><ref name=subsidiary-2021/>
* [[New York City Transit Authority|MTA New York City Transit]] (NYCT)<br />'' (legal name, no longer used publicly: New York City Transit Authority and its subsidiary, the Manhattan and Bronx Surface Transit Operating Authority, or MaBSTOA)''<br />The Bus division is now managed under Regional Bus.<ref name=board-structure/>

===Former subsidiaries===
* MTA Long Island Bus<br />''(legal name, no longer used: Metropolitan Suburban Bus Authority)''<ref name=board-structure/><br />From January 1, 2012, this division was operated by [[Veolia Transport]] (now Transdev, Inc.) as ''[[Nassau Inter-County Express]]''.<ref>{{cite web | last=Castillo | first=Alfonso A. | title=Illinois company to run Long Island Bus | website=Newsday | date=June 10, 2011 | url=https://www.newsday.com/long-island/nassau/illinois-company-to-run-long-island-bus-1.2947117 | access-date=February 11, 2018}}</ref>

==Governance==

[[File:2 Broadway (65167323).jpeg|thumb|MTA headquarters, [[2 Broadway]]]]
The MTA is governed by a 21-member board representing the 5 boroughs of [[New York City]], each of the counties in its New York State service area, and worker and rider interest groups.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.budget.ny.gov/pubs/executive/eBudget1718/agencyPresentations/appropData/MetropolitanTransportationAuthority.html|title=NYS DOB: FY 2018 Executive Budget – Agency Appropriations – Metropolitan Transportation Authority|publisher=New York State Division of the Budget|language=en|access-date=May 16, 2017}}{{Dead link|date=August 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Of these, there are 14 voting members, broken down into 13 board members who cast individual votes, 4 board members who cast a single collective vote, and 6 group representatives who do not vote.<ref name="MTA-Board"/>

Five members as well as the chairman/CEO are directly nominated by the [[governor of New York]], while four are recommended by [[Mayor of New York City|New York City's mayor]]. The county executives of Nassau, Suffolk and Westchester counties nominate one member each. Each of these members has one vote.<ref name="MTA-Board">{{cite web | title=MTA Board Members | website=MTA |publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority | url=http://web.mta.info/mta/leadership/board.htm | access-date=February 7, 2018}}</ref><ref name="NYTimes-MTA-Board-Confirmed-2016">{{cite web | last=Fitzsimmons | first=Emma G. | title=New York's Voice at the M.T.A. Gets Louder, as 2 Mayoral Board Picks Are Confirmed | website=The New York Times | date=June 18, 2016 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/18/nyregion/new-yorks-voice-at-the-mta-gets-louder-as-2-mayoral-board-picks-are-confirmed.html | access-date=February 7, 2018}}</ref> The county executives of [[Dutchess County, New York|Dutchess]], [[Orange County, New York|Orange]], [[Rockland County|Rockland]], and [[Putnam County, New York|Putnam]] counties also nominate one member each,<ref name="NYTimes-MTA-Board-Confirmed-2016"/> but these members cast one collective vote.<ref name="MTA-Board"/> The Board has six rotating nonvoting seats held by representatives of MTA employee organized labor and the Permanent Citizens Advisory Committee, which represent customers of MTA transit and commuter facilities.<ref name="NYTimes-MTA-Board-Confirmed-2016"/> Board members are confirmed by the [[New York State Senate]].<ref name="NYTimes-MTA-Board-Confirmed-2016"/>

In 2017, the MTA had operating expenses of $16.85 billion, an outstanding debt of $38.083 billion, and a level of staffing of 79,832 people (staff compensation totaled $6.762 billion).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abo.ny.gov/reports/annualreports/ABO2018AnnualReport.pdf|title=NYSABO 2018 Report|pages=16, 29, 44|access-date=November 6, 2018}}</ref> It collects revenue from passenger fees and from a Metropolitan Commuter Transportation Mobility Tax, a payroll tax levied on employers in the 12-county area served by the MTA.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tax.ny.gov/bus/mctmt/default.htm|title=NYS Dept of tax and finance description of the MCTMT|access-date=November 6, 2018}}</ref>

===Board chair position===
Historically, some but not all chairmen of the MTA Board have also held the chief executive officer role, with the chairman providing an advisory and policy role and the Executive Director running day-to-day operations.<ref name=split>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/11/nyregion/cuomo-mta-subway-leader.html |title=With M.T.A. in Need of a Boss, Cuomo May Finally Pick One. Or Two. |last=Fitzsimmons |first=Emma G. |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 11, 2017 |access-date=March 21, 2023}}</ref><ref name=almost>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/29/nyregion/28sander.html |date=October 29, 2008 |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=Hard Choices in Time of Transition for M.T.A.'s 'Almost' Chairman |last=Newman |first=William |access-date=March 21, 2023}}</ref> The roles were combined in 2009 following the recommendation a commission to study capital spending.<ref name=sander>{{cite news |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/05/07/sander-resigns-as-mta-chief/ |title=M.T.A. Chief Resigns in Management Shake-Up |date=May 7, 2009 |work=[[The New York Times]] |last=Neuman |first=William |access-date=March 21, 2023}}</ref><ref name=williams>{{cite news |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/05/21/interim-chief-executive-of-mta-is-named/ |title=Interim Chief Executive of M.T.A. Is Named |last=Neuman |first=William |date=May 21, 2009 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=March 21, 2023}}</ref> The commission was appointed by then-governor [[David Paterson]] and run by former chairman [[Richard Ravitch]]<ref name=split/><ref name=dozen>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/09/nyregion/09mta.html |title=Paterson Plans Panel to Study M.T.A. Budget |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 4, 2008 |access-date=March 21, 2023}}</ref>  However, following Thomas Prendergast's retirement in 2017, they were split back again.<ref name=split/><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://abc7ny.com/news/mta-unveils-6-point-plan-to-improve-service/1997510/|title=MTA unveils 6-point plan to improve service|last=Yang|first=Lucy|date=May 16, 2017|work=ABC7 New York|access-date=May 16, 2017|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://apps.cio.ny.gov/apps/mediaContact/public/view.cfm?parm=87F33A61-5056-907F-6FD02292533542AB_748974C1-5056-9D2A-104AB086BA4B4928|title=MTA Announces 6-Point Plan to Restructure Management of the MTA, Improve System Reliability and Service|website=apps.cio.ny.gov|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|language=en|access-date=May 16, 2017}}</ref> The positions were merged back into one position in 2019 when [[Pat Foye]] was appointed Chairman & Chief Executive Officer. The current chairman, Janno Lieber, holds both positions.

The following is a list of chairmen of the authority:

{|class=wikitable
!
!Name
!Also CEO?
!Tenure<ref name=mta-timeline>{{cite web |url=https://new.mta.info/transparency/leadership/past-board-chairs |title=Past MTA Board Chairs |author=Metropolitan Transportation Authority |access-date=February 22, 2020}}</ref>
!Appointed by
|-
|1
|[[William Ronan]]
|
|March 1, 1968 – April 26, 1974
|[[Nelson Rockefeller]]
|-
|2
|David L. Yunich
|
|May 2, 1974 – January 21, 1977
|[[Malcolm Wilson (governor)|Malcolm Wilson]]
|-
|3
|Harold L. Fisher
|
|January 22, 1977 – November 16, 1979
|rowspan=2|[[Hugh Carey]]
|-
|4
|[[Richard Ravitch]]
|Yes<ref name=shaw>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/11/21/nyregion/giuliani-s-chief-budget-officer-is-considered-for-mta-post.html |title=Giuliani's Chief Budget Officer Is Considered for M.T.A. Post |last=Perez-Pena |first=Richard |date=November 21, 1995 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=March 22, 2023}}</ref>
|November 17, 1979 – October 31, 1983
|-
|5
|[[Bob Kiley]]
|Yes<ref name=shaw/>
|November 16, 1983 – January 2, 1991
|rowspan=2|[[Mario Cuomo]]
|-
|6
|Peter E. Stangl
|Yes<ref name=shaw/>
|April 21, 1991 – May 17, 1995
|-
|7
|[[E. Virgil Conway]]
|No
|May 18, 1995 – March 9, 2001
|rowspan=2|[[George Pataki]]
|-
|8
|[[Peter Kalikow]]
|No
|March 13, 2001 – October 22, 2007
|-
|9
|H. Dale Hemmerdinger
|No<ref name=almost/>
|October 23, 2007 – September 10, 2009
|[[Eliot Spitzer]]
|-
|10
|[[Jay Walder]]
|Yes
|October 5, 2009 – October 21, 2011
|[[David Paterson]]
|-
|11
|[[Joe Lhota]]
|Yes
|January 9, 2012 – December 31, 2012
|rowspan=4|[[Andrew Cuomo]]
|-
|12
|Thomas F. Prendergast
|Yes
|June 20, 2013 – January 31, 2017
|-
|13
|[[Joe Lhota]]
|No<sup>a</sup>
|June 21, 2017 – November 8, 2018
|-
|14
|[[Pat Foye]]
|Yes
|April 1, 2019 – July 29, 2021<ref name=management/>
|-
|15
|[[Janno Lieber]]<sup>b</sup>
|Yes
|January 20, 2022 – present
|[[Kathy Hochul]]
|}
;Notes
<sup>a</sup> Lhota did not serve as CEO in his second stint as chairman, as CEO responsibilities were carried out by Executive Director Ronnie Hakim.<ref name=lhota2>{{cite news |url=https://nyc.streetsblog.org/2017/06/22/joe-lhota-is-cuomos-mta-chief-again-sort-of/ |title=Joe Lhota Is Cuomo's MTA Chief, Again, Sort Of |last=Fried |first=Ben |date=June 22, 2017 |access-date=February 22, 2020 |work=[[Streetsblog]]}}</ref>

<sup>b</sup> Lieber served as Chair and CEO in an acting capacity from July 30, 2021 to January 19, 2022.<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.thecity.nyc/2021/7/29/22600633/mta-shuffle-puts-construction-vet-in-drivers-seat-leaves-vacancy-at-transit | title = MTA Shuffle Puts Construction Vet in Driver's Seat, Leaves Vacancy at Transit | last = Martinez | first = Jose | date = July 29, 2021 | access-date = August 14, 2021 | work = THE CITY}}</ref>

===List of board members===
The following is a list of members of the MTA Board.
{|class=wikitable
!Name<ref name=MTA-Board/>
!Appointed
!Recommended by<ref name=MTA-Board/>
|-
|[[Janno Lieber]], Chair
|January 20, 2022<ref name=lieber>{{cite news |url=https://www.railwayage.com/passenger/lieber-velez-nominated-to-new-york-mta-board/ |title=Confirmed: Lieber, Velez Join New York MTA Board |date=January 21, 2022 |work=Railway Age |last=Luczak |first=Marybeth |access-date=March 20, 2023}}</ref>
|Governor ([[Kathy Hochul]])
|-
|Jamey Barbas
|June 10, 2020<ref name=reinvent>{{cite web |url=https://reinventalbany.org/2020/06/watchdog-statement-on-senate-confirmation-of-mta-board-appointees/ |title=Watchdog Statement on Senate Confirmation of MTA Board Appointees |publisher=Reinvent Albany |date=June 10, 2020 |access-date=March 20, 2023}}</ref>
|Governor ([[Andrew Cuomo]])
|-
|Haeda B. Mihaltses
|April 10, 2019<ref>{{cite news |url=https://rew-online.com/ex-sony-boss-irs-manager-join-foye-on-mta-board/ |title=Ex-Sony boss, IRS manager join Foye on MTA board |date=April 10, 2019 |work=Real Estate Weekly |access-date=March 20, 2023}}</ref>
|Governor ([[Andrew Cuomo]])
|-
|Lisa Sorin
|June 3, 2022<ref name=confirmed/><ref name=welcome>{{cite web |url=https://new.mta.info/press-release/mta-welcomes-new-and-returning-board-members-confirmed-state-senate |title=MTA Welcomes New and Returning Board Members Confirmed by the State Senate |date=June 3, 2022 |publisher=MTA |access-date=March 20, 2023}}</ref>
|Governor ([[Kathy Hochul]])
|-
|Samuel Chu
|March 20th, 2024 <ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://new.mta.info/transparency/leadership/board-members|title=MTA Board Members|website=MTA}}</ref>
|Governor ([[Kathy Hochul]])
|-
|John Joss Rizzo
|June 9th, 2023 <ref name="auto2"/>
|Governor ([[Kathy Hochul]])
|-
|David R. Jones
|June 17, 2016<ref name=jones>{{cite web |url=https://www.childcarecorp.org/david-jones/ |title=David R. Jones |publisher=[[1199SEIU]] |access-date=March 20, 2023}}</ref><ref name=NYTimes-MTA-Board-Confirmed-2016/>
|Mayor ([[Bill de Blasio]])
|-
|[[Meera Joshi]]
|March 22, 2024<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=March 22, 2024 |title=MTA Announces Five Board Members Confirmed by New York State Senate |url=https://new.mta.info/press-release/mta-announces-five-board-members-confirmed-new-york-state-senate |access-date=May 10, 2024 |website=mta.info |publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority}}</ref>
|Mayor ([[Eric Adams]])
|-
|[[Daniel Garodnick|Dan Garodnick]]
|March 22, 2024<ref name=":4" />
|Mayor ([[Eric Adams]])
|-
|Midori Valdivia
|June 3, 2022<ref name=confirmed/><ref name=welcome/>
|Mayor ([[Eric Adams]])
|-
|[[David S. Mack]]
|2019<ref name=confirmed/>
|[[Nassau County Executive]] ([[Laura Curran]])
|-
|Samuel Chu
|June 3, 2022<ref name=confirmed/><ref name=welcome/>
|[[Suffolk County Executive]] ([[Steve Bellone]])
|-
|Blanca P. López
|June 3, 2022<ref name=confirmed>{{cite news |url=https://www.railwayage.com/passenger/ny-senate-confirmed-6-new-3-returning-mta-board-members/ |title=NY-Senate Confirmed: 9 MTA Board Members |date=June 9, 2022 |last=Luczak |first=Marybeth |work=Railway Age |access-date=March 20, 2023}}</ref><ref name=welcome/>
|[[Westchester County Executive]] ([[George Latimer (New York politician)|George Latimer]])
|-
|Michael Fleischer
|June 10, 2020<ref name=reinvent/>
|[[Dutchess County, New York|Dutchess County Executive]] ([[Marc Molinaro]])
|-
|Harold Porr<ref>{{cite news |url=https://midhudsonnews.com/2022/06/07/porr-reappointed-to-mta-board/ |title=Porr reappointed to MTA Board |date=June 7, 2022 |work=Mid Hudson News |access-date=March 20, 2023}}</ref>
|June 2021<ref name=confirmed/><ref name=welcome/>
|[[Orange County, New York|Orange County Executive]] ([[Steve Neuhaus]])
|-
|Frank Borelli
|June 10, 2020<ref name=reinvent/><ref name=confirmed/><ref name=welcome/>
|[[Rockland County, New York|Rockland County Executive]] (Ed Day)
|-
|Neal Zuckerman
|July 9, 2016<ref>{{cite news |url=https://highlandscurrent.org/2016/07/09/zuckerman-named-mta-board/ |work=The Highlands Current |date=July 9, 2016 |access-date=March 20, 2023 |title=Zuckerman Named to MTA Board}}</ref>
|[[Putnam County, New York|Putnam County Executive]] (MaryEllen Odell)
|-
|Andrew Albert
|June 2002<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pcac.org/people/andrew-albert/ |title=Andrew Albert |publisher=Permanent Citizens Advisory Committee to the MTA |access-date=March 20, 2023}}</ref>
|New York City Transit Riders Council
|-
|Gerard Bringmann
|
|LIRR Commuters Council
|-
|Randolph Glucksman
|
|Metro-North Commuter Council
|-
|John Samuelsen
|June 17, 2016<ref name=NYTimes-MTA-Board-Confirmed-2016/>
|[[Transport Workers Union of America|Transport Workers Union Local 100]]
|-
|Vincent Tessitore, Jr.
|June 30, 2007<ref>{{cite web |url=https://new.mta.info/people/vincent-tessitore-jr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511174613/https://new.mta.info/people/vincent-tessitore-jr |archive-date=May 11, 2021 |title=Vincent Tessitore, Jr. |access-date=March 20, 2023}}</ref>
|[[International Association of Sheet Metal, Air, Rail and Transportation Workers|SMART Union]]
|-
|}

==MTA Police==
The Metropolitan Transportation Authority Police Department ('''MTAPD''') is a division of the MTA.<ref>{{cite web|title=MTA.info {{!}} MTA Police|url=http://web.mta.info/mta/police/about.html|website=web.mta.info|accessdate=November 20, 2017|language=en|quote=The Metropolitan Transportation Authority Police Department is the police agency of New York's Metropolitan Transportation Authority.}}</ref> MTA police officers are fully empowered under the New York State Public Authorities Law and are commissioned in the state of [[Connecticut]]. Their geographic area of employment extends to all counties in New York served by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, giving officers the ability to exercise full police authority within the counties of [[Dutchess County, New York|Dutchess]], [[Putnam County, New York|Putnam]], [[Orange County, New York|Orange]], [[Rockland County, New York|Rockland]], [[Westchester County, New York|Westchester]], [[Nassau County, New York|Nassau]], [[Suffolk County, New York|Suffolk]], and in [[New York City]].

The New York City subways are mainly patrolled by the [[Organization of the New York City Police Department#Transit Bureau|NYPD Transit Bureau]] under contract since 1994.

Since 2019, the MTA Police has officers conducting daily subway patrols in New York City in an effort to assist the NYPD in addressing quality of life issues, like homelessness, that affect commuters.

===Power and authority===
MTAPD officers are New York State police officers according to New York State Criminal Procedure Law, §1.20(34) meaning they have police powers in all of New York State.<ref>{{cite web |title=Police Officer Definitions Criminal Procedure Law §1.20(34) Persons Designated as Police Officers |url=https://dos.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2022/09/police-officer-definitions.pdf |website=dos.ny.gov |access-date=30 November 2022}}</ref>

===History===
The department was formed on January 1, 1998, with the consolidation of the [[Long Island Rail Road]] Police Department and the [[Metro-North Railroad]] Police Department. Since 9/11, the department has expanded in size and has ramped up dramatically its counter-terrorism capabilities, adding [[Dog|canine]] teams and emergency services officers. There is one lieutenant, four sergeants, and 44 police officers who are assigned to the K-9 Unit and serve as handlers with their canine partners.  The department has one of the best trained K-9 units in the United States. At a national competition in 2013, two MTA Police dogs took third and fourth place in explosives detection.<ref>{{cite web | title = 2013 United States Police Canine Association National Detector Trials | publisher = United States Police Canine Association | url = http://www.uspcak9.com/results/2013_detector_nationals.pdf | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131008083757/http://www.uspcak9.com/results/2013_detector_nationals.pdf | archivedate = October 8, 2013 }}</ref>

Currently, training for new recruits is conducted at the [[New York City Police Academy]]. After successfully completing the academy curriculum, officers are further trained in Connecticut law and law enforcement procedures.

===Staten Island Railway===
On June 1, 2005, the [[Staten Island Railway#Police|Staten Island Rapid Transit Police Department]], with 25 officers, was merged into the MTA Police Department.  The Staten Island Rapid Transit Police Department was responsible for policing the [[Staten Island Rapid Transit]] System in the borough of [[Staten Island]] in New York City.  This was the final step in consolidating MTA agency law enforcement, and increased the total workforce of the department to 716, including civilians.<ref>[http://www.mta.info/mta/news/newsroom/sirpd.htm MTA Newsroom<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051125141419/http://mta.info/mta/news/newsroom/sirpd.htm |date=November 25, 2005 }}</ref>

===New York City Subway===
On September 12, 2019, the MTA announced the addition of 500 MTAPD officers to patrol the [[New York City Subway]], nearly doubling the 783 officers previously employed by the MTAPD. This came shortly after [[Andrew Cuomo|Governor Andrew Cuomo]] directed the MTA to solve the issue of homelessness in the subway system.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gothamist.com/news/mta-hiring-500-new-cops-fix-quality-life-issues-subway-system|title=The MTA Is Hiring 500 New Cops To Fix 'Quality Of Life' Issues In The Subway System|first=Stephen|last=Nessen|date=2019-09-12|website=Gothamist|language=en|access-date=2019-11-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112220241/https://gothamist.com/news/mta-hiring-500-new-cops-fix-quality-life-issues-subway-system|archive-date=November 12, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>

After criticism of multiple high-profile arrests, multiple MTA board members expressed concerns over the added police presence, citing the high cost of personnel, estimated at $249 million over four years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gothamist.com/news/mta-board-members-reconsider-new-subway-cops-what-strategy-here|title=MTA Board Members Reconsider New Subway Cops: 'What Is The Strategy Here?'|first=Jake|last=Offenhartz|date=2019-11-12|website=Gothamist|language=en|access-date=2019-11-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115014429/https://gothamist.com/news/mta-board-members-reconsider-new-subway-cops-what-strategy-here|archive-date=November 15, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gothamist.com/news/video-police-arrest-man-selling-candy-harlem-subway-station|title=Video: Police Arrest Man Selling Candy In Harlem Subway Station|first=Jake|last=Offenhartz|date=2019-11-14|website=Gothamist|language=en|access-date=2019-11-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115014423/https://gothamist.com/news/video-police-arrest-man-selling-candy-harlem-subway-station|archive-date=November 15, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Accreditation===
On the March 3, 2016, the MTAPD attained accreditation status from the [https://www.criminaljustice.ny.gov/ New York State Department of Criminal Justice Services] Accreditation Council.<ref>{{cite web |title=MTA Police |url=https://new.mta.info/agency/mta-police |website=new.mta.info |access-date=30 November 2022}}</ref>

== MTA Inspector General ==
The [[Office of the MTA Inspector General]] (OIG), founded in 1983, is the independent [[Office of Inspector General (United States)|Office of Inspector General]] specific to the MTA that is responsible for conducting monitoring and oversight of MTA activities, programs, and employees.<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 30, 2019|title=Governor Cuomo Announces Unanimous Confirmation of Carolyn Pokorny – Former Federal Prosecutor and Deputy Chief of Staff to U.S. Attorney General Loretta Lynch – as Inspector General at the MTA|url=https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-cuomo-announces-unanimous-confirmation-carolyn-pokorny-former-federal-prosecutor-and|access-date=September 10, 2020|website=Governor Andrew M. Cuomo|language=en|archive-date=February 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226162608/https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-cuomo-announces-unanimous-confirmation-carolyn-pokorny-former-federal-prosecutor-and|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Apps==
[[File:Bus Time Manhattan Launch (10142555034).jpg|alt=MTA Bus Time app|thumb|[[MTA Bus Time]] app on an iPhone.]]

The MTA has developed several official [[Web application|web]] and [[mobile app]]s for its subway and bus services,<ref name=":2" /><ref name="Gothamist-Bus-Tracker-2015">{{cite web|url=http://gothamist.com/2015/06/05/mta_bus_times_there.php|title=MTA's Bus Tracker Is Now Available As An App|last1=Whitford|first1=Emma|date=June 5, 2015|publisher=[[Gothamist]]|access-date=November 9, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113120928/http://gothamist.com/2015/06/05/mta_bus_times_there.php|archive-date=November 13, 2015}}</ref><ref name="MTA-Weekender-iPhone-App-2012" /><ref name="MTA-Weekender-Android-App-2012"/> and also provides data to private app developers to create their own unofficial MTA apps.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://web.mta.info/apps/|title=App Gallery|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130504141722/http://web.mta.info/apps/|archive-date=May 4, 2013|url-status=dead|access-date=October 18, 2017}}</ref> In 2012, the MTA officially released the Subway Time app, which uses [[Technology of the New York City Subway#Train arrival countdown clocks|subway countdown clock data]] to determine the next-train arrival times on seven services.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/12/28/some-subway-arrival-times-are-now-just-an-apple-device-away/|title=Some Subway Arrival Times Are Now Just an Apple Device Away|last=Flegenheimer|first=Matt|work=City Room|date=December 28, 2012 |access-date=October 18, 2017|publisher=The New York Times|language=en}}</ref> Real-time station information for the "mainline" [[A Division (New York City Subway)|A Division (numbered routes)]], comprising all numbered services except the [[7 (New York City Subway service)|7]] train, was made available to third-party developers via an [[Application programming interface|API]]. This was achieved through both the Subway Time mobile app and as [[open data]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mta.info/press-release/mta-headquarters/mta-releases-real-time-subway-arrival-times|title=MTA {{!}} Press Release {{!}} MTA Headquarters {{!}} MTA Releases Real-Time Subway Arrival Times|website=www.mta.info|access-date=February 14, 2016|archive-date=June 5, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605061043/https://www.mta.info/press-release/mta-headquarters/mta-releases-real-time-subway-arrival-times|url-status=dead}}</ref> In early 2014, data for the [[L (New York City Subway service)|L]] train were also given to developers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mta.info/press-release/nyc-transit/mta-adds-real-time-arrival-estimates-l-line-subway-time-app-website-and|title=MTA &#124; Press Release &#124; NYC Transit &#124; MTA Adds Real-Time Arrival Estimates on L Line To Subway Time App, Website and Open Data Portal|website=www.mta.info|access-date=July 10, 2021|archive-date=February 17, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217141415/https://www.mta.info/press-release/nyc-transit/mta-adds-real-time-arrival-estimates-l-line-subway-time-app-website-and|url-status=dead}}</ref> When [[Bluetooth]]-enabled countdown clocks were installed in the [[B Division (New York City Subway)|B Division (lettered services)]] in 2016 and 2017, they were also configured to feed data to the Subway Time app as well as in an open-data format.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://apps.mta.info/traintime3/index.html#/app/updates|title=Updates|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712041105/http://apps.mta.info/traintime3/index.html#/app/updates|archive-date=July 12, 2017|url-status=dead|access-date=July 12, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Wolfe 2017">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/07/nyregion/new-york-today-new-subway-clocks.html|title=New York Today: New Subway Clocks|last=Wolfe|first=Jonathan|date=August 7, 2017|website=The New York Times|access-date=September 11, 2017}}</ref>

MTA's [[MTA Bus Time|Bus Time]] app originated as a [[Pilot experiment|pilot program]] to install bus countdown clocks along the [[M16 (New York City bus)|M16]] and [[M34 (New York City bus)|M34]] routes in August 2009.<ref name="NYPost-M34Clocks-2009">{{cite web|url=http://www.nypost.com/seven/08122009/news/regionalnews/34th_st__bus_countdown_clocks_ticking_184108.htm|title=34th St. bus countdown clocks ticking|last1=Romero|first1=Katherine|last2=Namako|first2=Tom|date=August 12, 2009|work=[[New York Post]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090818143325/http://www.nypost.com/seven/08122009/news/regionalnews/34th_st__bus_countdown_clocks_ticking_184108.htm|archive-date=August 18, 2009|url-status=dead|access-date=November 8, 2015}}</ref><ref name="NYTImes-M34Clocks-2009">{{cite web|url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/08/11/miracle-on-34th-street-your-bus-arrival-time/|title=Miracle on 34th Street: Knowing Bus Arrival Times|last1=Grynbaum|first1=Michael M.|date=August 11, 2009|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=November 10, 2015}}</ref><ref name="MTA-34StBusTime-Jan2013">{{cite news|url=http://www.mta.info/news/2013/01/14/mta-nyc-transit-bus-arrival-info-here-now-34th-street-crosstown|title=MTA NYC Transit Bus Arrival Info Here Now on 34th Street Crosstown|date=January 14, 2013|work=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|access-date=March 11, 2016|archive-date=November 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128220538/https://www.mta.info/news/2013/01/14/mta-nyc-transit-bus-arrival-info-here-now-34th-street-crosstown|url-status=dead}}</ref> At the same time, many new buses were retrofitted with [[Global Positioning System|GPS]]-enabled [[automatic vehicle location]] systems.<ref name="MTA-34StBusTime-Jan2013" /><ref name="MTABus-Committee-Q102-Jan2010">{{cite web|url=http://mta.info/mta/news/books/pdf/100125_1033_BUS.pdf|title=Bus Company Committee Meeting January 2010|date=January 2010|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218050154/http://mta.info/mta/news/books/pdf/100125_1033_BUS.pdf|archive-date=December 18, 2010|url-status=dead|access-date=March 9, 2016}}</ref> In October 2010, the developers of the buses' GPS devices implemented the MTA system's first bus-tracking app, which monitored buses along the M16 and M34 routes.<ref name="NYCTA">{{cite web|url=http://www.mta.info/nyct/facts/ffhist.htm|title=New York City Transit – History and Chronology|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108233754/http://www.mta.info/nyct/facts/ffhist.htm|archive-date=January 8, 2014|url-status=dead|access-date=March 12, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2010/10/15/bus-here-yet-check-your-phone/|title=Bus here yet? Check your phone|last1=Magee|first1=Kelly|date=October 15, 2010|work=[[New York Post]]|access-date=November 9, 2015}}</ref><ref name="MTABusTime-M34SBS-2012">{{cite web|url=http://mta.info/news/stories/?story=631|title=MTA Bus Time® to Debut Sunday on the M34/M34A SBS Crosstown|date=April 6, 2012|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120410103916/http://mta.info/news/stories/?story=631|archive-date=April 10, 2012|access-date=November 9, 2015}}</ref> This evolved into the current web app, which originally tracked buses along the {{NYC bus link|B63}} route in Brooklyn when it started in February 2011.<ref name="MTABusTime-IntroducingMTA BusTime-YouTube">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GBECdzm6vLU |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/GBECdzm6vLU |archive-date=December 21, 2021 |url-status=live|title=Introducing MTA Bus Time|date=January 11, 2012|website=[[YouTube]]|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|access-date=November 8, 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name="SILive-MTABusTimeSI-2012">{{cite web|url=http://www.silive.com/news/index.ssf/2012/01/new_service_will_tell_staten_i.html|title=New service will tell Staten Island commuters where their bus is|last1=Sedon|first1=Michael|date=January 11, 2012|work=[[Staten Island Advance]]|location=[[Staten Island]], [[New York (state)|New York]]|access-date=November 9, 2015}}</ref><ref name="MTABusTime-B63Release-Feb2011">{{cite web|url=http://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/31482/release-2011-02-01-b63-bustime.pdf|title=MTA BusTime Offers Real-Time Bus Location Information for B63 Customers: Information Available Online, by Text Message and on Your Smartphone; MTA BusTime Coming to Staten Island Next|date=February 1, 2011|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|access-date=November 9, 2015}}</ref> By January 2012, every local and express bus in [[Staten Island]] was equipped with the system.<ref name="SILive-NewBusStops-Dec2014">{{cite web|url=http://www.silive.com/northshore/index.ssf/2014/12/post_115.html|title=Staten Island to receive additional electronic, real-time bus signage|last1=Barone|first1=Vincent|date=December 17, 2014|work=[[Staten Island Advance]]|location=[[Staten Island]], [[New York (state)|New York]]|access-date=November 8, 2015}}</ref><ref name="MTABusTime-IntroducingMTA BusTime-YouTube" /><ref name="SILive-MTABusTimeSI-2012" /> The M34 corridor began using the system on April 6, 2012<ref name="MTABusTime-M34SBS-2012" /> with nearly every Bronx bus route using the system by the end of 2012.<ref name="APTA-BusTime-2013">{{cite web|url=http://www.apta.com/mc/multimodal/previous/2013/presentations/Presentations/Glikin%20Reddy%20MOPW%202013.pdf|title=MTA Bus Time Implementation & New Applications|website=[[American Public Transportation Association|apta.com]]|publisher=American Public Transportation Association; Metropolitan Transportation Authority|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109021211/http://www.apta.com/mc/multimodal/previous/2013/presentations/Presentations/Glikin%20Reddy%20MOPW%202013.pdf|archive-date=November 9, 2015|url-status=dead|access-date=November 9, 2015}}</ref> All five boroughs of the city used the system by March 2014, and a mobile app was released in 2015.<ref name="MTABusTime-BklynQns-Feb2014">{{cite web|url=http://www.mta.info/news-bus-time-buses-brooklyn-queens/2014/02/24/mta-real-time-bus-tracking-arriving-brooklyn-and|title=MTA Real-Time Bus Tracking Arriving in Brooklyn and Queens in March|date=February 24, 2014|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|access-date=November 9, 2015|archive-date=November 9, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109021943/http://www.mta.info/news-bus-time-buses-brooklyn-queens/2014/02/24/mta-real-time-bus-tracking-arriving-brooklyn-and|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Gothamist-Bus-Tracker-2015" />

In 2011, the MTA began to look at ways of displaying service disruptions due to weekend engineering works in a visual format. On September 16, 2011, the MTA introduced a [[Massimo Vignelli|Vignelli]]-style interactive [[New York City Subway map|subway map]], "The Weekender",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c30CwkKyTYQ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/c30CwkKyTYQ |archive-date=December 21, 2021 |url-status=live|title=Introducing The Weekender|date=September 30, 2011|work=MTA.info (YouTube)|access-date=October 1, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref> to its website.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mta.info/weekender.html|title=The Weekender|work=MTA.info|access-date=October 12, 2013|archive-date=April 4, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404034043/http://www.mta.info/weekender.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The web app provided a way for riders to get information about any planned work, from late Friday night to early Monday morning, that is going on either on a service(s) or station(s) of the subway during the weekends.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/16/nyregion/new-subway-map-to-help-riders-with-weekend-service-changes.html|title=Aid for Baffled Weekend Subway Riders|last=Grynbaum|first=Michael M.|date=September 15, 2011|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=September 30, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://mta.info/news/stories/?story=384|title=Introducing 'The Weekender'|date=September 16, 2011|work=MTA.info|access-date=September 18, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ny1.com/content/news_beats/transit/147316/mta-launches-interactive-online-map-ahead-of-difficult-weekend-for-subways|title=MTA Launches Interactive Online Map Ahead Of Difficult Weekend For Subways|date=September 16, 2011|work=[[NY1]]|access-date=September 18, 2011}}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> On June 11, 2012, the MTA duplicated "The Weekender" site as a free mobile app download for [[iOS]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ny1.com/content/news_beats/transit/162875/mta-releases--weekender--smartphone-app|title=MTA Releases "Weekender" Smartphone App|date=June 11, 2012|work=[[NY1]]|access-date=June 13, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616102932/http://www.ny1.com/content/news_beats/transit/162875/mta-releases--weekender--smartphone-app|archive-date=June 16, 2012}}</ref><ref name="MTA-Weekender-iPhone-App-2012">{{cite news|url=http://mta.info/news/stories/?story=707|title='The Weekender' Is Now an iPhone App|date=June 11, 2012|work=MTA.info|access-date=June 13, 2012}}</ref> On November 29, 2012, an [[Android (operating system)|Android]] version of the app was released.<ref name="MTA-Weekender-Android-App-2012">{{cite news|url=http://www.mta.info/press-release/mta-headquarters/mtas-%E2%80%98weekender-app-comes-android-devices|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403003759/http://www.mta.info/press-release/mta-headquarters/mtas-%E2%80%98weekender-app-comes-android-devices|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 3, 2015|title=MTA's 'Weekender' App Comes to Android Devices|date=November 29, 2012|work=MTA.info|access-date=October 20, 2013}}</ref>

The MTA announced plans to integrate all three apps in 2017. The combined app, which was scheduled for release in 2018, would include real-time arrival information for all subway and bus routes, as well as weekend service changes and travel planners.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.amny.com/transit/mta-subway-bus-schedule-1.14517525|title=MTA set to debut comprehensive app in 2018: Sources|last=Barone|first=Vincent|date=October 17, 2017|work=am New York|access-date=October 18, 2017|language=en}}</ref> In April 2018, the MTA started testing [[MTA (app)|the MTA App]], which was called MYmta at the time. This provided arrival information for MTA railroad, subway, and bus routes; escalator and elevator outage information; and real-time service changes. The app also includes an improved version of the MTA's Trip Planner; whereas the existing Trip Planner can only plan trips along MTA-operated modes of transportation, MTA app's Trip Planner can also suggest routes via other operators such as the [[Staten Island Ferry]], [[NYC Ferry]], [[PATH (rail system)|PATH]], and [[NJ Transit Rail Operations|NJ Transit]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amny.com/transit/mta-real-time-app-1.17984093|title=New MTA app to offer real-time commuting info|last=Barone|first=Vincent|date=April 11, 2018|website=am New York|access-date=July 2, 2018}}</ref> A [[beta version]] of MTA App was released to the general public in July of that year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/01/nyregion/subway-mta-social-media-alerts.html|title=Don't Hate Her. She's Just the (Subway) Messenger.|date=July 1, 2018|website=The New York Times|access-date=July 2, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/ny-metro-mta-app-20180702-story.html|title=MTA unveils new travel app for public testing|last=Rivoli|first=Dan|date=July 2, 2018|website=nydailynews.com|access-date=July 3, 2018}}</ref> In future versions of the MTA app, the MTA planned to integrate the eTix functionality, as well as make it easier for [[Access-A-Ride]] customers to view when their vehicle will arrive at a certain point.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/mta-launches-new-app-for-riders-to-plan-transit-in-real-time-1530562748|title=MTA Launches New App for Riders to Plan Transit in Real Time|last=Berger|first=Paul|date=July 2, 2018|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=July 3, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0099-9660}}</ref>

In October 2020, the MTA unveiled a new digital map providing real-time arrival estimates and service updates. It was developed [[pro bono]] by technology and design company [[Work & Co]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/21/nyregion/new-nyc-subway-map.html|title=Finally, a Subway Map With Real-Time Train Locations and Delays|last=Goldbaum|first=Christina|date=October 28, 2020|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=October 21, 2020|language=en}}</ref>

== Fare collection ==
{{Further|New York City transit fares}}
The subway, buses, and Staten Island Railway charge a single flat fare for each trip, regardless of time or distance traveled. From the MTA's inception until 2003, the agency collected subway and bus fares via a series of small metal tokens. The MTA cycled through several series of tokens throughout the late 20th century.<ref name="NYDN-Tokens-20032">{{Cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/n-y-token-1953-2003-article-1.675501|title=N.Y.C. TOKEN: 1953–2003|last1=Aniv|first1=Oren|date=April 13, 2003|newspaper=New York Daily News|access-date=February 13, 2016|last2=Barrera|first2=Edward|last3=Wilcox|first3=Beagen}}</ref><ref name="GGazette-Tokens-20032">{{cite news|url=http://www.gothamgazette.com/article//20030428/202/362|title=NYC Subway Token, 1953–2003|last=Markowitz|first=Michael|date=April 28, 2003|newspaper=Gotham Gazette|access-date=April 25, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427090825/http://www.gothamgazette.com/article//20030602/4/408|archive-date=April 27, 2007|url-status=dead|location=New York}}</ref>  In 1993, MTA started testing the [[MetroCard]], a [[magnetic stripe card]] that would replace the tokens used to pay fares.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE7DC143BF931A35755C0A965958260|title=3,000 Subway Riders, Cards in Hand, Test New Fare System|last=Faison|first=Seth|date=June 2, 1993|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=April 25, 2010}}</ref> By 1997, the entire bus and subway system accepted MetroCard,<ref name=":0a">{{Cite web|url=http://web.mta.info/nyct/facts/ffhist.htm|title=About NYC Transit – History|date=October 19, 2002|access-date=September 18, 2016}}</ref> and tokens were no longer accepted for fare payment in 2003.<ref name="NYDN-Tokens-20032" /><ref name="GGazette-Tokens-20032" />

A different fare payment system is used on the LIRR and Metro-North. Both railroads sell tickets based on geographical "zones" and time of day, charging peak and off-peak fares. Tickets may be bought from a ticket office at stations, [[ticket vending machines]] (TVMs), online through the "WebTicket" program, or through apps for [[iOS]] and [[Android (operating system)|Android]] devices.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mta.info/news/2016/07/05/etix-ticketing-app-comes-lirr-metro-north|title=MTA eTix Ticketing App Available on LIRR & Metro-North|access-date=October 23, 2016|archive-date=September 26, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926065546/https://www.mta.info/news/2016/07/05/etix-ticketing-app-comes-lirr-metro-north|url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[File:Bowling Green IRT td (2019-06-09) 08 - OMNY.jpg|thumb|220x220px|OMNY Payment System for Subway Trains]]
In 2017 it was announced that the MetroCard would be phased out and replaced by [[OMNY]], a [[Contactless payment|contactless fare payment]] system, with fare payment being made using [[Apple Pay]], [[Google Wallet]], debit/credit cards with [[near-field communication]] enabled, or radio-frequency identification cards.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/mta-approves-plan-scrap-metrocards-tap-payment-system-article-1.3584098|title=MTA approves plan to scrap MetroCards for 'tap' payment system|last=Rivoli|first=Dan|date=October 23, 2017|work=NY Daily News|access-date=October 24, 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2a">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/23/nyregion/metrocard-subway-new-york.html|title=New York to Replace MetroCard With Modern Way to Pay Transit Fares|last=Barron|first=James|date=October 23, 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=October 24, 2017|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> As of December 31, 2020, the entire bus and subway system is OMNY-enabled. However, support of the MetroCard is slated to remain until at least 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-24 |title=Replacement of MetroCards with OMNY system won’t happen till 2025, MTA officials admit |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/2023/04/24/replacement-of-metrocards-with-omny-system-wont-happen-till-2025-mta-officials-admit/ |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=New York Daily News |language=en-US}}</ref> MTA also plans to use OMNY in the LIRR and Metro-North.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://new.mta.info/system_modernization/omny|title=Say hello to tap and go, with OMNY|website=MTA|access-date=February 24, 2019}}</ref>

===Ghost plates on bridges and tunnels===
The MTA has reported a 12.6 percent increase in toll evasion on New York City bridges and tunnels during the first four months of 2024. This equates to an average of 398,975 missed monthly toll transactions, primarily due to drivers obscuring their [[Vehicle registration plate|license plate]]. The MTA estimates that this evasion costs the agency approximately $50 million annually. Of the unbillable toll transactions, roughly 80,000 per month are attributed to fake or unreadable license plates, while 155,000 are due to obstructed plates. Unregistered or temporary plates primarily cause the remaining balance.<ref name="f898">{{cite web | last=Castillo | first=Alfonso A. | title='Ghost' plate problem worsened despite crackdown, MTA data shows | website=Newsday | date=November 11, 2024 | url=https://www.newsday.com/long-island/transportation/mta-ghost-plates-jn5m8d58 | access-date=November 12, 2024}}</ref>

== Issues ==

=== Expenses ===
==== Budget gaps ====
The budget deficit of the MTA is a growing crisis for the organization as well as for New York City and State residents and governments. The MTA held $31 billion in debt in 2010 and it also suffered from a $900 million gap in its operating budget for 2011.<ref>Drum Major Institute for Public Policy. (2010). ''Solving the MTA's Budget Crisis and Reinvesting in Mass Transit: A Five-Step Platform for the Next Governor of New York State.'' Retrieved from {{cite web |url=http://www.drummajorinstitute.org/library/report.php?ID=149 |title=Solving the MTA's Budget Crisis and Reinvesting in Mass Transit: A Five-Step Platform for the Next Governor of New York State |access-date=April 13, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430174052/http://drummajorinstitute.org/library/report.php?ID=149 |archive-date=April 30, 2011 }}.</ref> The capital budget, which covers repairs, technological upgrades, new trains, and expansions, is currently $15 billion short of what the MTA states it needs. If this is not funded, the MTA will fund the repairs with debt and raise fares to cover repayments.

The MTA has consistently run on a deficit, but increased spending in 2000–04 coupled with the economic downturn led to a severe increase in the financial burden that the MTA bore. The budget problems stem from multiple sources. The MTA cannot be supported solely by rider fares and road tolls. In the preliminary 2011 budget, MTA forecasted operating revenue totaled at $6.5 billion, amount to only 50% of the $13 billion operating expenses.<ref>Metropolitan Transportation Authority. (July 2010).  'MTA 2011 Preliminary Budget. July Financial Plan 2011–2014.'' Retrieved from [http://web.mta.info/mta/budget/july2010/july2010_vol1.pdf].''</ref> Therefore, the MTA must rely on other sources of funding to remain operational.  Revenue collected from [[real estate tax]]es for transportation purposes helped to contain the deficit.  However, due to the weak economy and unstable [[real estate]] market, money from these taxes severely decreased; in 2010, tax revenue fell at least 20% short of the projected value.<ref>Smerd, Jeremy.  (June 23, 2010).  Another Tax Shortfall Hits the MTA's Budget. ''Crain's New York Business.'' Retrieved from [http://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20100623/FREE/100629924].</ref>  Beyond this, steadily reducing support from city and state governments led to borrowing money by issuing bonds, which contributed heavily to the debt.<ref>Gupta, Arun and Valdes, Danny.  (June 5, 2009). Why the MTA is Broken. ''The Indypendent.'' Retrieved from [http://indypendent.org/2009/06/04/mta-is-broken/].</ref>

This budget deficit has resulted in various problems, mainly concentrated in [[New York City]]. [[New York City Subway]] fares have been increased four times since 2008, with the most recent occurring August 20, 2023, raising single-ride fares from $2.75 to $2.90, express service from $6.75 to $7.00 and the monthly [[MetroCard (New York City)|MetroCard]] fare from $116 to $132.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ley |first=Ana |date=2023-07-19 |title=Price of N.Y.C. Subway Ride Will Go Up for the First Time in Years |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/19/nyregion/mta-subway-fare-hikes.html |access-date=2024-01-10|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="Simko-Bednarski 2023 f303">{{cite web |last=Simko-Bednarski |first=Evan |date=July 19, 2023 |title=NYC bus, subway fare to $2.90; MTA also boosts train fares, tolls |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/ny-mta-subway-bus-train-lirr-metro-north-fares-tolls-up-20230719-2sg3yjedgrcorgqg3t57uiflda-story.html |access-date=January 10, 2024 |website=New York Daily News}}</ref> Each fare raise was met with increasing resistance by MTA customers, and many are beginning to find the fare increases prohibitive. 2010 also saw heavy service cuts for many MTA subsidiaries.<ref>[http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/mta_approves_massive_service_cuts_ld0ihDzwNAygo2Hw9S0zlM MTA approves massive service cuts]. NYPOST.com (March 24, 2010). Retrieved on July 26, 2013.</ref> Fewer trains spaced farther between resulted in heavy overcrowding beyond normal rush hours, leading to frustration for many subway and bus riders.<ref>Mooney, Jake. (July 26, 2010). MTA Cuts Mean Bigger Crowds, More Problems. ''City Limits News.'' Retrieved from [http://www.citylimits.org/news/articles/4120/mta-cuts-mean-bigger-crowds-more-problems].</ref><ref>[http://web.mta.info/nyct/service/ServiceReduction/part1.htm Subway and Staten Island Railway Service Reductions], mta.info. Retrieved April 15, 2014.</ref><ref>[http://web.mta.info/nyct/service/ServiceReduction/part2.htm Bus Service Reductions], mta.info. Retrieved April 15, 2014.</ref> In 2013, the subway had the highest ridership since 1947.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.mta.info/news-subway-ridership-l-r-g-b-d-4-7/2014/03/24/2013-ridership-reaches-65-year-high |title=MTA – news – 2013 Ridership Reaches 65-Year High|work=mta.info}}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> MTA employees also suffered due to the budget issues. By mid-July 2010, MTA layoffs had reached over 1,000, and many of those affected were low-level employees who made less than $55,000 annually.<ref>Wells, Nicholas. (August 12, 2010). MTA Budget Deficit – Not Riders' Fault! ''Westview News.'' Retrieved from {{cite web |url=http://westviewnews.org/cms/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=922:mta-budget-deficit-not-riders-fault&catid=43:articles&Itemid=170 |title=MTA Budget Deficit – Not Riders' Fault! |access-date=April 13, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902070842/http://westviewnews.org/cms/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=922:mta-budget-deficit-not-riders-fault&catid=43:articles&Itemid=170 |archive-date=September 2, 2011 }}.</ref>

{{As of|2015}}, the MTA was running a $15 billion deficit in its $32 billion 2015–2019 Capital Plan.<ref name="dnainfo 20150430" /> Without extra funding, many necessary construction and renovation projects would not be performed.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/26/nyregion/mta-chief-tries-to-ease-alarm-on-budget-gap-but-warns-of-risks-to-projects.html | title=M.T.A. Chief Tries to Ease Alarm on Budget Gap, but Warns of Risks to Projects | newspaper=The New York Times | date=February 25, 2015 | access-date=May 9, 2015 | author=Benjamin Mueller}}</ref> In October 2015, the MTA passed the $29 billion 2015–2019 Capital Plan,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Fitzsimmons|first1=Emma |last2=Burns|first2=Alexander |title=New York City and State Reach Agreement on M.T.A. Capital Plan|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/11/nyregion/new-york-city-and-state-reach-agreement-on-mta-capital-plan.html |website=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=January 9, 2016|date=October 10, 2015}}</ref> the largest capital plan in MTA's history; it will be funded by federal, state and city government as well as riders' fares and tolls.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harshbarger|first1=Rebecca |title=MTA approves $29 billion capital plan, largest in history, cuts $1 billion from Second Avenue Subway|url=http://www.amny.com/transit/mta-approves-29-billion-capital-plan-largest-in-history-cuts-1-billion-from-second-avenue-subway-1.11023460 |website=amNewYork.com|publisher=am New York|access-date=January 9, 2016|date=October 29, 2015}}</ref> Three months later, New York governor [[Andrew Cuomo]] and MTA chairman Thomas Prendergast unveiled their plan to spend $26 billion to modernize the subway network, which includes adding Wi-Fi and cellphone services throughout all 278 underground stations by the end of 2016. Other plans call for [[Enhanced Station Initiative|making extensive renovations to 30 subway stations]], allowing mobile ticketing by cellphone or bank cards, and adding security cameras on buses, charging stations for electronics, and more countdown clocks.  Roughly $3 billion will be spent to improve bridges and tunnels.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Krudy|first1=Edward |title=New York's MTA to renovate subway stations, equip them with Wi-Fi|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-new-york-subways-idUSKBN0UM23820160108 |website=reuters.com|agency=Reuters|access-date=January 9, 2016|date=January 8, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Gormley|first1=Michael |title=Cuomo plans Wi-Fi in subways, security cameras on NYC buses|url=http://www.newsday.com/news/new-york/cuomo-plans-wi-fi-in-subways-security-cameras-on-nyc-buses-1.11304828 |website=newsday.com|publisher=Newsday |access-date=January 9, 2016}}</ref>

During the [[COVID-19 pandemic in New York City]], following a 50% to 90% drop in ridership on all of the MTA's systems, the agency requested $4 billion in federal funds, since the decreased fare revenue left the already-struggling agency in a financially tenuous position.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Goldbaum|first=Christina|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/17/nyregion/coronavirus-nyc-subway-federal-aid-.html|title=M.T.A., Citing Huge Drop in Riders, Seeks $4 Billion Virus Bailout|date=March 17, 2020|work=The New York Times|access-date=March 20, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> After the subway was temporarily shuttered at night starting in May 2020,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Goldbaum|first=Christina|date=April 30, 2020|title=N.Y.C.'s Subway, a 24/7 Mainstay, Will Close for Overnight Disinfection|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/30/nyregion/subway-close-cuomo-coronavirus.html|access-date=April 30, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> trains and stations were cleaned more than usual.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Goldbaum|first=Christina|date=June 10, 2020|title=Inside the Newly Spotless Subway: 'I've Never Seen It Like This'|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/10/nyregion/mta-subway-coronavirus.html|access-date=June 16, 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613085714/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/10/nyregion/mta-subway-coronavirus.html |archive-date=June 13, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=How We're Stepping Up Our Cleaning Procedures During the Coronavirus Pandemic |url=https://new.mta.info/coronavirus/cleaning |website=MTA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611071433/https://new.mta.info/coronavirus/cleaning |archive-date=June 11, 2020 |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref> Over 132 employees died of COVID-19 {{as of|June 2020|lc=y}}.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/new-york-subway-system-may-implement-temperature-checks-robot-cleaners-11592827200|title=New York Subway System May Implement Temperature Checks, Robot Cleaners|first=Paul|last=Berger|newspaper=Wall Street Journal |date=June 22, 2020|via=www.wsj.com}}</ref>

On February 1, 2023, as part of her Executive Budget proposal to the [[New York State Legislature]], Governor [[Kathy Hochul]] proposed raising the MTA payroll tax, a move projected to increase revenue by $800 million, and also giving the MTA some of the money from casinos expected at present to be licensed soon for business in Manhattan.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Campbell |first=Jon |date=February 1, 2023 |title=NY Gov. Hochul's $227B budget plan: Money for asylum-seekers, schools, MTA and more |work=[[Gothamist]] |url=https://gothamist.com/news/ny-gov-hochuls-budget-money-for-asylum-seekers-schools-mta-and-more |access-date=February 1, 2023}}</ref>

==== Reasons for high costs ====
On November 18, 2017, ''The New York Times'' published an investigation into the problems underlying the MTA. It found that politicians from both the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] and [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] parties, at the mayoral and gubernatorial levels, had gradually removed $1.5 billion of MTA funding. Other actions by city and state politicians, according to the ''Times'', included overspending; overpaying unions and interest groups; advertising superficial improvement projects while ignoring more important infrastructure; and agreeing to high-interest loans that would have been unnecessary without their other interventions.<ref name="NYTimes-Politics-Subways-2017">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/18/nyregion/new-york-subway-system-failure-delays.html|title=How Politics and Bad Decisions Starved New York's Subways|last1=Rosenthal|first1=Brian M.|date=November 18, 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=November 18, 2017|last2=Fitzsimmons|first2=Emma G.|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|last3=LaForgia|first3=Michael}}</ref> The ''Times'' stressed that no single event directly caused the crisis; rather, it was an accumulation of small cutbacks and maintenance deferments.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/20/nyregion/system-failure-new-york-subway-maintenance-misery.html|title=How Cuts in Basic Subway Upkeep Can Make Your Commute Miserable|last1=Fitzsimmons|first1=Emma G.|date=December 20, 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=December 20, 2017|last2=LaForgia|first2=Michael|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The MTA funds were described as a "piggy bank" for the state, with the issuance of MTA bonds benefiting the state at the MTA's expense.<ref name="NYTimes-Politics-Subways-2017"/> By 2017, a sixth of the MTA's budget was allocated to paying off debt, a threefold increase from the proportion in 1997. The city's $250 million annual contribution to the MTA budget in 2017 was a quarter of the contribution in 1990. [[David L. Gunn]], who helped end a transit crisis when he led the NYCTA in the mid-1980s, described the 2017 crisis as "heartbreaking".<ref name="NYTimes-Politics-Subways-2017"/>

In December of the same year, the ''Times'' reported that the $12 billion [[East Side Access]] project, which would extend the LIRR to [[Grand Central Terminal]] upon its completion, was the most expensive of its kind in the world, with a projected price of $3.5 billion per mile of track. Over the years, the projected cost of East Side Access had risen by billions of dollars due to unnecessary expenses. In addition to overpaying workers and overspending, politicians and trade unions had forced the MTA to hire more workers than was needed. In 2010, an accountant found that the project was hiring 200 extra workers, at a cost of $1,000 per worker per day, for no apparent reason. The bidding process for MTA construction contracts also raised costs because, in some cases, only one or two contractors would bid on a project. Similar construction projects in New York City, such as the [[Second Avenue Subway]] and [[7 Subway Extension]], had been more expensive than comparable projects elsewhere for the same reasons, even though other cities' transit systems faced similar, or greater, problems compared to the MTA.<ref name=":8">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/28/nyregion/new-york-subway-construction-costs.html|title=The Most Expensive Mile of Subway Track on Earth|last=Rosenthal|first=Brian M.|date=December 28, 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=December 29, 2017|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In March 2018, the federal [[Government Accountability Office]] ordered an audit of the United States' transit costs, which were generally higher than in any other developed country in the world. The GAO planned to devote special attention to the MTA's transit costs.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/28/nyregion/new-york-subway-construction-costs-congress.html|title=Why Does Subway Construction Cost So Much? Congress Wants to Find Out|last=Rosenthal|first=Brian M.|date=March 28, 2018|work=The New York Times|access-date=March 29, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

The MTA has long struggled to control costs due to contracting fraud and corruption. In 2012, MTA executive Mario Guerra attempted to secure a job with train manufacturer Bombardier while evaluating their bid for a $600 million project.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/mta-exec-mario-guerra-hit-ethics-seeking-job-subway-car-maker-article-1.1052494|title=MTA exec Mario Guerra hit on ethics over seeking job with subway-car maker|last=Donohue|first=Pete|date=March 28, 2012|work=NY Daily News|access-date=July 23, 2023}}</ref> Paresh Patel, an MTA manager responsible for the oversight of repair contracts in the aftermath of [[Hurricane Sandy]], created and awarded contracts to his own engineering firm staffed with friends with few formal qualifications in engineering. After deleting thousands of company emails, Patel pleaded guilty to obstructing federal bid rigging and fraud investigations in March 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/former-mta-supervisor-pleads-guilty-obstructing-investigation-bid-rigging-and-fraud|title=Former MTA Supervisor Pleads Guilty To Obstructing Investigation Into Bid Rigging And Fraud|date=March 11, 2020|work=US Attorney's Office, Southern District of New York|access-date=July 23, 2023}}</ref> In 2022, construction manager Ramnarace Mahabir was found to have provided jobs for family members through the routing of $18 million in bus depot contracts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nypost.com/2022/10/03/mta-exec-reese-mahabir-fired-for-doling-out-jobs-to-family/|title=Veteran MTA exec fired for handing out jobs to family — 2 days before retirement|last=Meyer|first=David|date=October 3, 2022|work=New York Post|access-date=July 23, 2023}}</ref> At one 2018 board meeting, an MTA executive explicitly noted the sentiment that the authority is willing to assign jobs to contractors with prior histories of corruption.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nypost.com/2018/03/19/top-mta-official-says-agency-is-fine-with-corrupt-contractors/|title=Top MTA official says agency is fine with corrupt contractors|last=Furfaro|first=Danielle|date=March 19, 2018|work=New York Post|access-date=July 23, 2023}}</ref>

===Advertisement bans===
The MTA collected $707 million from advertising on its trains and buses in 2018.<ref name="osc.state.ny.us">{{cite web|url=https://www.osc.state.ny.us/osdc/rpt7-2018-mta-financial-outlook.pdf|title=Financial Outlook for the Metropolitan Transportation Authority|work=Office of the New York State Comptroller}}</ref> In June 1992, the MTA banned tobacco advertising on subways, buses and commuter rail, costing the agency $4.5 million in annual advertising revenue. The tobacco advertisements were removed once the advertising contracts expired. They were removed from subways, buses, and bus shelters by the start of 1993, from the commuter rail lines by the start of 1994, and from Long Island Bus vehicles by the start of 1997.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/27/nyregion/in-surprise-mta-bans-all-tobacco-advertising.html|title=In Surprise, M.T.A. Bans All Tobacco Advertising|last=Zane|first=J. Peder|date=June 27, 1992|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 13, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/17/nyregion/mta-panel-backs-cut-in-cigarette-ads.html|title=M.T.A. Panel Backs Cut in Cigarette Ads|last=Howe|first=Marvine|date=June 17, 1992|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 11, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

The MTA refused to display an ad in the New York City Subway system in 2012, which read: "In any war between the civilized man and the savage, support the civilized man. Support Israel. Defeat [[Jihad]]."<ref name="auto">{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/09/19/us/new-york-controversial-subway-ad/|title=Controversial 'Defeat Jihad' ad to appear in NYC subways|date=September 19, 2012|work=CNN|access-date=October 1, 2014}}</ref>  The authority's decision was overturned in July 2012 when Judge [[Paul A. Engelmayer]] of the [[United States District Court for the Southern District of New York]]  ruled that the ad of the [[American Freedom Defense Initiative]] is [[protected speech]] under the [[First Amendment]], and that the MTA's actions were [[unconstitutional]].<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/19/nyregion/ad-demeaning-muslims-to-appear-in-new-york-subway.html | work=The New York Times | first=Matt | last=Flegenheimer | title=Ad Urging Defeat of Jihad to Appear in New York Subway | date=September 18, 2012}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite news|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/metropolis/2012/07/20/court-rejects-mtas-ban-against-demeaning-transit-ads/|title=Court Rejects MTA's Ban Against 'Demeaning' Transit Ads|author=Ted Mann|work=WSJ|access-date=October 1, 2014|date=July 20, 2012}}</ref>  The judge held in a 35-page opinion that the rejected ad was "not only protected speech — it is core political speech ... [which as such] is afforded the highest level of protection under the First Amendment."<ref name="auto1"/><ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/21/nyregion/mta-violated-rights-of-pro-israel-group-judge-says.html | work=The New York Times | first=Benjamin | last=Weiser | title=M.T.A. Violated Rights of Pro-Israel Group, Judge Says | date=July 20, 2012}}</ref> The MTA had received $116.4 million in revenue in 2011 from advertising sold throughout its subway, commuter rail, and bus systems.<ref name="nytimes.com"/>

In April 2015, another ad became the subject of controversy when the MTA refused to display it, the refusal was again challenged in court, and the MTA again lost in court and was ordered by a federal judge to display the ad.<ref name="reuters.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-new-york-mta-ad-idUSKBN0NC1YS20150421|title=Judge orders NY transit agency to run 'Killing Jews' ad|work=Reuters | date=April 21, 2015}}</ref> The ad, paid for by the American Freedom Defense Initiative, showed a man with a scarf covering his face, with the caption "Killing Jews is Worship that draws us close to [[Allah]]", which was attributed to "[[Hamas]] MTV," and then stated: "That's His [[Jihad]]. What's yours?"<ref name="reuters.com"/> The ad included a disclaimer that the display of the ad did not reflect the opinion of the MTA.<ref name="reuters.com"/> U.S. District Judge [[John Koeltl]] of the US District Court for the Southern District of New York in Manhattan said the ad was [[protected speech]] under the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, and rejected the MTA's argument that the ad might endorse terrorism or violence.<ref name="reuters.com"/> [[Pamela Geller]], president of the group that sued the MTA in order to run the ads, lauded the decision, and a lawyer for the organization said the same decision had been made in Washington and Philadelphia.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2015/04/22/killing-jews-is-worship-posters-will-soon-appear-on-nyc-subways-and-buses/ | title='Killing Jews is Worship' posters will soon appear on NYC subways and buses | newspaper=Washington Post | date=April 22, 2015 | access-date=April 22, 2015 | author=Michael E. Miller}}</ref>

A week afterward, the MTA's board in a 9–2 vote banned all political, religious, and opinion advertisements on subways and buses, limiting any ads to commercial ones.<ref name="newyorklawjournal.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.newyorklawjournal.com/this-weeks-news/id=1202725138630/AntiHamas-Group-Renews-Bid-to-Display-Rejected-Ads?mcode=1202615038803&curindex=39&slreturn=20150409034512|title=Anti-Hamas Group Renews Bid to Display Rejected Ads|work=New York Law Journal}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/30/nyregion/mta-board-votes-to-ban-political-ads-on-subways-and-buses.html | title=M.T.A. Board Votes to Ban Political Ads on Subways and Buses | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=April 29, 2015 | access-date=May 2, 2015 | author=Emma G. Fitzsimmons}}</ref> Specifically, it banned advertisements that "prominently or predominately advocate or express a political message" about "disputed economic, political, moral, religious or social issues," and any ad that "promotes or opposes" a political party, ballot referendum, and "the election of any candidate".<ref name="dnainfo 20150430">{{cite web|url=https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20150430/downtown-brooklyn/mta-board-votes-ban-political-ads|title=MTA Board Votes to Ban Political Ads|work=DNAinfo New York|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508024319/http://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20150430/downtown-brooklyn/mta-board-votes-ban-political-ads|archive-date=May 8, 2015}}</ref> The board estimated that the ads that the board was banning made up less than $1 million of the MTA's advertising revenue of $138 million in 2014.<ref name="dnainfo 20150430"/> Nevertheless, lawyers for the American Freedom Defense Initiative called the MTA's action a "disingenuous attempt to circumvent" the judge's order.<ref name="newyorklawjournal.com"/>

Another controversy regarding MTA ads arose in 2018. After initially rejecting proposed advertisements from Unbound, a sex-toy retailer, the MTA allowed the ads. Previous advertisement proposals from companies, such as female-hygiene retailer [[Thinx]]'s ad proposal in 2015, had been rejected and later approved due to "dissemination of indecent material to minors" and "public display[s] of offensive sexual material."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/17/nyregion/subway-sex-toy-ads-mta.html|title=After Cries of Sexism, M.T.A. Says Sex Toy Ads are O.K.|date=May 17, 2018|work=The New York Times|access-date=May 28, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://pix11.com/2018/05/17/too-hot-for-the-mta-ads-the-transit-agency-wont-display/|title=Are these ads too hot for the MTA? It reverses itself, after PIX11's report|date=May 17, 2018|work=WPIX 11 New York|access-date=May 28, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref>

===2017–2021 transit crisis===
{{main|2017–2021 New York City transit crisis}}
[[File:B Train malfunction 25 Oct 2021.jpg|thumb|An MTA employee performs maintenance on a B Train bound for Brighton Beach after a brake malfunction, October 2021]]
In June 2017, New York governor [[Andrew Cuomo]] declared a state of emergency for the MTA due to ongoing reliability and crowding problems. This order applied particularly to the New York City Subway, which was the most severely affected by dilapidated infrastructure, causing overcrowding and delays. With many parts of the system approaching or exceeding 100 years of age, general deterioration could be seen in many subway stations.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/29/nyregion/cuomo-declares-a-state-of-emergency-for-the-subway.html|title=Cuomo Declares a State of Emergency for New York City Subways|last=Fitzsimmons|first=Emma G.|date=June 29, 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=July 25, 2017|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> By 2017, only 65% of weekday trains reached their destinations on time, the lowest rate since a transit crisis in the 1970s.<ref>{{cite web | title=They Vowed to Fix the Subway a Year Ago. On-Time Rates Are Still Terrible. | website=The New York Times | date=July 23, 2018 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/23/nyregion/nyc-subway-delays-failure.html | access-date=November 3, 2018}}</ref> A corresponding bus crisis was not covered as heavily in the media, but in November 2017, New York City Comptroller [[Scott Stringer]] identified several causes for the bus system's unreliability.<ref name=NYTimes-BusCrisis-Nov2017/><ref name="NYCBusSystemReport-Comptroller-2017">{{cite web|url=https://comptroller.nyc.gov/wp-content/uploads/documents/The-Other-Transit-Challenge.pdf|title=The Other Transit Crisis: How to Improve the NYC Bus System|last=Stringer|first=Scott M.|website=Office of the New York City Comptroller Scott M. Stringer|access-date=March 9, 2018|date=November 2017}}</ref> The average speeds of New York City buses were found to be {{Convert|7|to|8|mph|kph}},<ref name="NYTimes-BusCrisis-Nov2017">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/27/nyregion/bus-service-new-york.html|title=Bus Service Is in Crisis, City Comptroller's Report Says|last=Wang|first=Vivian|date=November 27, 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=March 10, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> the slowest of any major bus system nationwide.<ref name="NYCBusSystemReport-Comptroller-2017"/>

== Campaigns ==

===Safety campaign===
[[File:If you see something, say something 42nd street subway.JPG|thumb|Stairs in the [[Times Square–42nd Street station]] with decals with the slogan, "If you see something, say something."]]
In 2002, following the [[September 11 attacks|September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks]], the MTA introduced the slogan "If you see something, say something."<ref name="Elliott 2007"/><ref name="Smerd 2005">{{cite news | last=Smerd | first=Jeremy | title=MTA Moves To Trademark 'See Something, Say Something' | newspaper=[[The New York Sun]] | date=November 4, 2005 | url=http://www.nysun.com/new-york/mta-moves-to-trademark-see-something-say-something/22550/ | access-date=August 16, 2016}}</ref> The campaign, which was based from a theme created by Korey Kay & Partners, consisted of [[public safety announcement]]s, posted on [[advertisement]] boards in stations, subway, buses, and trains, urging people to report suspicious activity. [[Allen Kay]], CEO of Korey Kay and Partners, stated in 2007 that the company had to do a lot of research to ensure that consumers understood the message correctly.<ref name="Elliott 2007"/> Since 2002 the campaign has evolved from simple print ads to television spots, and reports of suspicious packages in the system rose over 40-fold, from 814 in 2002 to over 37,000 in 2003.<ref name="Karni 2007">{{cite news | last=Karni | first=Annie | title=The MTA Has a Message for Television Watchers | newspaper=[[The New York Sun]] | date=July 18, 2007 | url=http://www.nysun.com/new-york/mta-has-a-message-for-television-watchers/58616/ | access-date=August 16, 2016}}</ref>

The MTA moved to trademark the slogan in 2005.<ref name="Smerd 2005"/> The slogan was used by more than 30 other "transport and governmental" organizations by 2007.<ref name="Elliott 2007">{{cite web | last=Elliott | first=Stuart | title=Do You Know Where Your Slogan Is? | website=The New York Times | date=March 16, 2007 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/16/business/media/16adco.html | access-date=August 16, 2016}}</ref> That year, the MTA spent $3 million to run 4,000 television ads and 84 newspaper ads in 11 total papers, over a span of more than four months.<ref name="Karni 2007"/> The idea gained traction, and in 2010, the domestic-security branch of the United States federal government, the [[United States Department of Homeland Security]] (DHS), started its own "see something, say something" campaign.<ref name="USATODAY.com 2010">{{cite web | title='See something, say something' drive begins in NYC | website=USATODAY.com | date=July 1, 2010 | url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/2010-07-01-see-something-say-something_N.htm | access-date=August 16, 2016}}</ref> Kevin Ortiz, a spokesman for the MTA, described the slogan as having "engaged the public in serving as the eyes and ears of our system."<ref name="USATODAY.com 2010"/>

Meanwhile, the DHS's campaign had attracted at least 215 partners in the private, public, and nonprofit sectors by 2014, which one writer called "a true smart practice."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/homeland-security/see-something-say-something-a-smart-practice-for-homeland-security-1afc3ce6c97#.vvy2rsnvn|title=See Something, Say Something: A Smart Practice for Homeland Security|last=Adcox|first=Ken|date=August 4, 2014|website=Medium|access-date=August 16, 2016}}</ref> However, the MTA program has not been universally well-received; in 2012, sociologists from [[New York University]] and the Illinois Institute of Technology noted that the campaign had not netted any thwarted terrorist plots, and that the sheer volume of calls to the MTA hotline resulted in MTA workers possibly not being able to identify genuine threats.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Molotch|first1=Harvey|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343639495|title=Against Security: How We Go Wrong at Airports, Subways and Other Sites of Ambiguous Danger|last2=McClain|first2=Noah|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2014|isbn=9781283571456|chapter=Below the Subway: Taking Care Day In and Day Out}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=McClain|first=Harvey Molotch and Noah|title='See something' does nothing|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/-article-1.1205971|access-date=January 5, 2021|website=nydailynews.com|date=November 22, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nymag.com/news/intelligencer/mta-anti-terrorism-2012-10/|title=Does "See Something, Say Something" Do Nothing?|last=Gunn|first=Dwyer|date=September 21, 2012|website=NYMag.com|publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]]|access-date=August 16, 2016}}</ref>

In 2016, MTA updated the campaign, renaming it "New Yorkers Keep New York Safe." As before, the campaign features public service announcements in advertisement spaces. However, this new campaign now features the pictures, names, and quotes of New Yorkers who called to report suspicious people or things on the MTA's system.<ref name="Rivoli 2016">{{cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/mta-ad-campaign-show-real-new-yorkers-article-1.2571337|title=MTA ad campaign to show real New Yorkers who 'say something'|last=Rivoli|first=Dan|date=March 21, 2016|website=NY Daily News|access-date=August 16, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Altamirano 2016" /> The rebooted campaign also shows 15- to 30-second videos of these New Yorkers who speak about their experiences. The two-year "New Yorkers Keep New York Safe" campaign received $2 million of funding from the DHS.<ref name="Rivoli 2016" /><ref name="Altamirano 2016" /> The MTA still owns the trademark for "If you see something, say something."<ref name="Altamirano 2016">{{cite web|url=http://www.metro.us/new-york/mta-re-launches-public-safety-campaign-with-real-stories-from-new-yorkers/zsJpcu---hpWtMYGRpyd/|title=MTA re-launches public safety campaign with real stories from New Yorkers|last=Altamirano|first=Angy|date=March 21, 2016|website=Metro|access-date=August 16, 2016}}</ref>

=== Courtesy campaigns ===
In MTA buses, there are stickers plastered on the frontmost seats. The front seats are priority seating, and the stickers state "Won't you please give up your seat to the disabled or elderly" with the "o" in "Won't" replaced with a heart symbol. In 2009, it was codified into an enforceable policy that could be punished with a fine.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/06/17/please-give-the-disabled-your-seat-or-else/comment-page-10/|title=Please Give the Disabled Your Seat. Or Else.|last=Sulzberger|first=A. G.|work=City Room|date=June 17, 2009 |access-date=May 16, 2017|publisher=The New York Times Company|language=en}}</ref>

Since 2014, the MTA has had a "Courtesy Counts" campaign consisting of posters that show colored stick figures having either correct or incorrect etiquette. Green stick figures show what riders should do,  such as taking off their backpacks, while red stick figures show what riders should not do, such as [[manspreading]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2014/12/23/manspreading-mta-campaign-new-york/20800203/|title=MTA targets 'manspreading' in new NYC campaign|date=December 23, 2014|work=USA TODAY|access-date=May 16, 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref name="NYMag-PSAs-2014">{{Cite news|url=http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2014/12/mta-is-not-messing-around-with-new-psas.html|title=Here Are the New MTA Ads Targeting Manspreaders, Subway Eaters, and More|last=Kirby|first=Jen|date=December 22, 2014|work=Daily Intelligencer|access-date=May 16, 2017|publisher=New York Magazine|language=en}}</ref> All of the posters have the tagline “Courtesy Counts: Manners Make a Better Ride.”<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/21/nyregion/MTA-targets-manspreading-on-new-york-city-subways.html|title='Manspreading' on New York Subways Is Target of New M.T.A. Campaign|last=Fitzsimmons|first=Emma G.|date=December 20, 2014|work=The New York Times|access-date=May 16, 2017|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Starting in January 2015, these posters were installed in subway cars, with the posters coming to commuter rail and buses the following month.<ref name=NYMag-PSAs-2014/>

In May 2017, the MTA started a three-month pilot program to encourage riders to give up their seats for the pregnant, disabled, or elderly. It created a website where pregnant women, the disabled, and the elderly could request specialized buttons.<ref name="NYTimes-Bump-Button-2017"/> There are two designs: a "[[Baby on board|Baby on Board]]" button for pregnant mothers and a more generic "Please offer me a seat" button.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/MTA-Hands-Out-Baby-on-Board-Buttons-to-Pregnant-Straphangers--422207463.html|title=MTA Hands Out 'Baby on Board' Buttons to Pregnant Riders|work=NBC New York|access-date=May 16, 2017|language=en}}</ref> This idea stemmed from the "Baby on Board" buttons that were given out across the [[London Underground]] in 2013 after the [[Duchess of Cambridge]], [[Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge|Kate Middleton]], wore such a button there.<ref name="NYTimes-Bump-Button-2017">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/14/nyregion/if-a-pregnant-straphangers-bump-isnt-obvious-maybe-the-button-will-be.html|title=If a Pregnant Straphanger's Bump Isn't Obvious, Maybe the Button Will Be|last=Fitzsimmons|first=Emma G.|date=May 14, 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=May 16, 2017|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

The MTA launched the "Hate Has No Place in Our Transportation System" campaign in January 2020.<ref>{{cite web | title=MTA unveils Hate Has No Place in Our Transportation System campaign | website=News 12 The Bronx | date=January 27, 2020 | url=http://bronx.news12.com/story/41617536/mta-unveils-hate-has-no-place-in-our-transportation-system-campaign | access-date=February 22, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=MTA, in ad campaign, says 'hate has no place' on its rail lines | website=Newsday | url=https://www.newsday.com/long-island/transportation/mta-ad-campaign-hate-crimes-lirr-1.41114696 | access-date=February 22, 2020}}</ref> This involved placing notices on several thousand subway and bus screens.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://new.mta.info/document/14666|title=New York City Transit and Bus Committee Meeting February 2020|date=February 24, 2020|website=mta.info|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|page=91|access-date=June 23, 2019}}</ref>

===2021 onsite COVID-19 vaccinations===
In May 2021, the MTA operated eight walk-up [[COVID-19 vaccine|COVID-19 vaccination]] sites in subway, Metro-North and Long Island Rail Road stations as part of a five-day pilot project.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lewis |first1=Caroline |title=New Yorkers And Tourists Flock To Convenient Subway Vaccine Hubs On Opening Day |url=https://gothamist.com/news/new-yorkers-and-tourists-flock-convenient-subway-vaccine-hubs-opening-day |access-date=May 13, 2021 |work=Gothamist |date=May 12, 2021}}</ref> This pilot project was subsequently extended another week at two stations.<ref>{{cite web | title=MTA Extends Vaccine Pilot Program Through May 29th At Penn Station & Grand Central Terminal | website=Gothamist | date=May 22, 2021 | url=http://gothamist.com/news/mta-extends-vaccine-pilot-program-through-may-29th-penn-station-grand-central-terminal | access-date=June 14, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=MTA Extends Johnson & Johnson Vaccine Program at Grand Central, Penn Station | website=NBC New York | date=May 22, 2021 | url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/coronavirus/mta-extends-johnson-johnson-vaccine-program-at-grand-central-penn-station/3069884/ | access-date=June 14, 2021}}</ref> Over 11,000 people received the [[Janssen COVID-19 vaccine]] as part of the program.<ref>{{cite web | last=Rivoli | first=Dan | title=MTA vaccine sites 'convenient' for commuters and tourists | website=Spectrum News NY1 &#124; New York City | date=May 27, 2021 | url=https://www.ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/transit/2021/05/27/mta-vaccine-sites--convenient--for-commuters-and-tourists | access-date=June 14, 2021}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|New York City|Transportation}}
* [[Transportation in New York City]]

Other transportation authorities operating in New York state:
* [[Capital District Transportation Authority]], in [[Capital District, New York]]
* [[Central New York Regional Transportation Authority]], in [[Syracuse, New York]]
* [[Niagara Frontier Transportation Authority]], in [[Buffalo, New York]]
* [[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey]], in New York City and northern New Jersey
* [[Rochester-Genesee Regional Transportation Authority]], in [[Rochester, New York]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Metropolitan Transportation Authority}}
'''Official links:'''
* {{Official website}}
* [https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/new-york/title-21/chapter-XXI Metropolitan Transportation Authority] in the [[New York Codes, Rules and Regulations]]
* {{YouTube|user=mtainfo|Metropolitan Transportation Authority}}

'''Other links:'''
* [https://pcac.org/ Permanent Citizens Advisory Committee to the MTA]
* [https://www.nypirg.org/straphangers/ NYPIRG Straphangers Campaign] – a transit rider's advocacy group

{{MTA (New York)|state=collapsed}}
{{Transportation in New York City|state=autocollapse}}
{{New York state public-benefit corporations|state=autocollapse}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Metropolitan Transportation Authority| ]]
[[Category:1965 establishments in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1965]]
[[Category:Intermodal transportation authorities in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Public benefit corporations in New York (state)]]