View source for Metro Vancouver Transit Police

{{short description|Police force for the Metro Vancouver public transit system in Canada}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Coord|49|13|29.35|N|122|53|30.49|W|display=title}}
{{Infobox law enforcement agency
| agencyname        = South Coast British Columbia Transportation Authority Police Service
| commonname        = Metro Vancouver Transit Police
| logo              = SCBCTAPS.SVG
| logocaption       = Heraldic badge of the SCBCTAPS
| badge             = 
| badgecaption      = SCBCTAPS Coat of Arms
| motto             = Safely Linking Communities
| abbreviation      = MVTP (branding)<br> SCBCTAPS (official)
| formedyear        = 2005
| formedmonthday    = December 4
| preceding1        = [[TransLink (British Columbia)|TransLink]] Security special constables (1999)
| preceding2        = [[BC Transit]] Security special constables (1985)
| employees         = 234<ref name="2014 Annual Report">{{cite web|title=2014 Annual Report|url=http://www.translink.ca/-/media/Documents/transit_police/about/trend_analysis_and_community_reports/2014_report_to_the_community.pdf|website=Transit Police|access-date=May 14, 2015}}</ref>
| budget            = $32{{nbsp}}million<ref> [http://www.translink.ca/~/media/Documents/plans_and_projects/10_year_plan/2014_base_plan/2014%20Base%20Plan.ashx Translink 2014 Base Plan and Outlook]</ref>
| divtype           = Police area
| divname           = [[Metro Vancouver Regional District]]<ref> [https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/454_2004#section3]</ref>
| country           = Canada
| sizearea          = {{convert|134|km|abbr=on}} of heavy and light rail track, 57 rail stations, over 195 bus routes, 3 passenger ferries
| sizepopulation    = 2,463,700 in {{convert|2877|km2|abbr=on}} ([[Metro Vancouver]])
| legalpersonality  = 
| subdivtype        = 
| subdivname        = 
| governingbody     = 
| constitution1     = [http://www.bclaws.ca/EPLibraries/bclaws_new/document/ID/freeside/00_96367_01#section4.1 BC ''Police Act'']
| constitution2     = [http://www.bclaws.ca/EPLibraries/bclaws_new/document/ID/freeside/00_98030_01 ''South Coast British Columbia Transportation Authority Act'']
| parentagency      = [[South Coast British Columbia Transportation Authority]]
| police            = Yes
| minister1name     = [[Mike Farnworth]]
| minister1pfo      = Minister of Public Safety and Solicitor General of British Columbia
| oversighttype     = 
| oversightbody     = South Coast British Columbia Transportation Authority Police Service Board
| headquarters      = 300 - 287 Nelson's Court, [[New Westminster]]
| officetype        = Division Office
| officename        = West - [[Richmond, British Columbia|Richmond]]
| sworn             = 167<ref name="2014 Annual Report"/>
| sworntype         = Police officer
| unsworn           = 67<ref name="2014 Annual Report"/>
| unsworntype       = Civilian
| animal1type       = Explosives detection dog
| animals1          = 4 Labrador Retrievers
| unitname          = Patrol, Communications, Explosive Detection Dog, Bicycle Patrol, Crime Reduction, Intelligence, Training & Recruiting, Professional Standards
| chief1name        = Suzanne Muir
| chief1position    = chief officer
| website           = {{URL|https://transitpolice.ca}}
| footnotes         = Mark Reder<ref>[https://transitpolice.ca/about-us/our-people/police-board/board-members/ Board members]</ref> is the chair of the Transit Police Board. Unlike other similar organizations in British Columbia, he is not elected into position.
}}
The '''Metro Vancouver Transit Police''' ('''MVTP'''), previously the '''Greater Vancouver Transportation Authority Police Service''' and formally the '''South Coast British Columbia Transportation Authority Police Service''' ('''SCBCTAPS'''), is the police force for [[TransLink (British Columbia)|TransLink]], the [[Public transport|public transit]] system of the [[Metro Vancouver]] region of British Columbia, Canada.

Formed in December 2005, the Metro Vancouver Transit Police is the only police force in Canada solely dedicated to transit, as most other cities use a combination of special constables and a transit division of their local police. The MVTP is a supplementary police agency with the jurisdictional police agency retaining primary responsibility for policing in each jurisdiction they serve.

MVTP officers have the same authorities and powers as other police officers while on and off duty. They are sworn in as designated constables under the ''Police Act'', with full police powers throughout Metro Vancouver.<ref>{{Cite web |title=South Coast British Columbia Transportation Authority Police Service Regulation |url=https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/454_2004#section3 |access-date=May 14, 2023 |website=www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca}}</ref> They focus their efforts primarily on protecting the safety and security of passengers, employees, property, and revenue of Metro Vancouver's transit system.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/justice/criminal-justice/policing-in-bc |title=Policing in B.C. |work=Government of British Columbia |access-date=April 8, 2019}}</ref>

The MVTP partners with local municipal police forces and [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] (RCMP) in enforcing laws in the Metro Vancouver region. If requested, MVTP officers will also respond to emergencies outside of transit property as would other municipal police forces.

When TransLink's official name was changed to the South Coast British Columbia Transportation Authority in 2007 to recognize the potential for future service expansion outside of Greater Vancouver, MVTP followed and changed its name as well. However, references to GVTAPS will continue to have legal effect as if they were references to SCBCTAPS.<ref>[https://www.leg.bc.ca/pages/bclass-legacy.aspx#/content/legacy/web/38th3rd/3rd_read/gov43-3.htm ''Greater Vancouver Transportation Authority Amendment Act 2007'' Final version of the Act]</ref>

The MVTP, along with other BC police forces including the RCMP, seconds officers to the [[Combined Forces Special Enforcement Unit of British Columbia]].

== History ==
The first persons employed for protection of mass transit in Vancouver were the night watchmen of the [[BC Electric Railway]], established 1897. As the system grew, the company used the provisions of the provincial Railway Act to employ Special Constables. During the Great War, several special constables were posted to key infrastructure to protect against sabotage. After the war's end, these constables were appointed less frequently, leaving watchmen to protect the system.

During World War II, an armed special constabulary was established - again intended to protect against sabotage - named the Special Protection Force. After victory in Japan, they were disbanded. The company began transitioning the watchmen to security officers, and those security officers would remain as the company was nationalized and became [[BC Hydro]]. As [[BC Transit]] was created, the security officers responsible for transit became employed by them.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://transitpolice.ca/history |title=History |website=transitpolice.ca|access-date=March 17, 2017}}</ref>

[[Image:TransLink Special Constable Patch.jpg|thumb|left|100px|Former TransLink SPCs Shoulder Patch]]

At the opening of the first [[SkyTrain (Vancouver)|SkyTrain]] line in December 1985, 15 Special Provincial Constables (SPCs) were appointed to BC Transit Security. SPCs did not carry firearms, but did carry [[pepper spray]] and [[Baton (law enforcement)|batons]]. As the transit system grew, so did the scope and responsibility of these peace officers. In 1999, as the responsibility of transit and transportation on the south coast of British Columbia was reassigned to [[TransLink (British Columbia)|TransLink]] (Greater Vancouver Transportation Authority), they became the SPCs new employers.<ref name="2012 VPD Audit">{{cite web |url=http://www.transitpolice.bc.ca/en/About-Us/News-and-Events/~/media/E8DF9B925B7A48AC9256BDD0730CA6BA.ashx |title=2012 VPD Audit |work=Transit Police website |access-date=June 26, 2012}}</ref>

Initially, the SPCs contacted the [[Vancouver Police Department]] and, later, the [[New Westminster Police Department]] when they needed to query persons and vehicles. As their needs grew, they earned their own access to police databases and records, getting the attention of the provincial government. The BC government recognized that the SPCs were never initially meant to enforce drug laws or enter into criminal investigations but saw the need for same. SPCs did not have authority to enforce drug laws under the ''Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (Police Enforcement) Regulation''. The police services division of the government re-iterated that the SPCs authority was limited to transit property, and they could not stop suspects fleeing from a separate crime scene or intervene in incidents occurring just outside SkyTrain stations.<ref name="2012 VPD Audit"/>

In 2003, the BC Association of Chiefs of Police supported TransLink's application to have a Designated Policing Unit under the newly created section of the ''Police Act''. Over the next couple of years, the necessary processes took place, and the MVTP became operational in December 2005. Many of the SPCs stayed on, after completing the full training at the Police Academy at the [[Justice Institute of British Columbia]] to become full constables.<ref name="2012 VPD Audit"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://archive.news.gov.bc.ca/releases/news_releases_2005-2009/2005PSSG0049-001133.htm |title=New Transit Police on the Job |work=Ministry of Public Safety and Solicitor General |date= December 5, 2005 |access-date=November 16, 2006}}</ref>

In November 2007, the Greater Vancouver Transportation Authority was renamed the "South Coast British Columbia Transportation Authority" pursuant to the ''Greater Vancouver Transportation Authority Amendment Act 2007'', and the police force followed suit.

In 2023, MVTP formed a community safety officer (CSO) program. The CSOs are not police officers but have similar powers and functions that TransLink's special provincial constables had prior to 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2022 |title=Transit Police Community Safety Officer Program to launch in 2023 |url=https://transitpolice.ca/news-posts/transit-police-community-safety-officer-program-to-launch-in-2023/ |access-date=November 3, 2023 |website=Metro Vancouver Transit Police}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=His Majesty the King in right of the Province of British Columbia |title=South Coast British Columbia Transportation Authority Police Service Regulation |url=https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/454_2004#section4 |access-date=November 3, 2023 |website=BC Laws}}</ref>

==Organization==
[[Image:TPoliceExplorer.jpg|thumb|left|300px|MVTP vehicle (2014)]]

The MVTP report to the South Coast British Columbia Transportation Authority Police Board (SCBCTA Police Board). The police board is responsible for the governance and oversight of the SCBCTAPS. The board is responsible for appointing officers, including the chief officer and deputy chief officer, approving finances and the budget, and establishing policy. Unlike other BC municipal police forces, the SCBCTA Police Board only has appointed members and does not have any democratically elected member (whereas mayors in other police boards act as the chair).<ref>[http://www.gvtaps.bc.ca/police_board/overview.htm SCBCTAPS Police Board]</ref>

Their numbers have remained steady since 2010, at 167 sworn officers.<ref>{{cite web|title=Police Resources in British Columbia, 2016|url=https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/law-crime-and-justice/criminal-justice/police/publications/statistics/police-resources-2016.pdf|website=B.C. Ministry of Justice|access-date=April 8, 2019}}</ref> The most senior officer is Suzanne Muir, who became the chief officer on October 1, 2023. 

===Community Partnerships===

'''Inter-Regional at Risk Youth Link (IRAYL)''' - The MVTP has been working in close partnership with IRAYL since 2008. IRAYL is a unique partnership/youth outreach program that provides support and resources to marginalized youth, founded in part by a MVTP officer, formerly a youth worker. The team comprises experienced youth workers who work in and around SkyTrain and Canada Line stations to provide youth with access to much needed services, like shelters, social services, food banks, counselling, recreation and youth centers, as part of a cross-regional crime reduction initiative.<ref name=IRAYL>{{cite web|title=I-RAYL reaches out on SkyTrain to at-risk youth|url=http://www.burnabynewsleader.com/news/i-rayl-reaches-out-on-skytrain-to-at-risk-youth-1.1899438|website=Burnaby Newsleader|access-date=May 21, 2015}}</ref> 

In 2012, IRAYL{{Snd}}in conjunction with the MVTP and the Ministry of Children and Family Development{{Snd}}was awarded the Premier’s Innovation & Excellence Awards Program.<ref>{{cite web|title=Transit Police and the Ministry of Children and Family Development have been Awarded the Premier's Award|url=http://www.translink.ca/en/About-Us/Corporate-Overview/Operating-Companies/Transit-Police/About-Us/News-Releases/2012/April/Transit-Police-and-the-MCFD-Awarded-the-Premiers-Award.aspx|website=TransLink.ca|access-date=May 21, 2015}}</ref>  

'''Collingwood Community Policing Centre''' – MVTP entered into an agreement with [[Vancouver Police Department#Community policing centres|Collingwood Community Policing Centre]], a [[Vancouver Police Department]] CPC, to serve in public outreach and education for the MVTP.<ref>[http://www.gvtaps.bc.ca/community_policing/default.htm  Community Policing]</ref>

'''Surrey Crime Prevention Society''' - In 2015, MVTP began a partnership with Surrey Crime Prevention Society called Transit Watch where volunteers proactively patrol transit hubs in the city of [[Surrey, BC]]. <ref>{{cite web|title=Transit Watch program launched to help stop crime in Surrey, B.C.|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/transit-watch-program-launched-to-help-stop-crime-in-surrey-b-c-1.3017149|website=CBC News|access-date=May 14, 2015}}</ref>

'''Hollaback! Vancouver''' - Also in 2015, as part of efforts to reduce sexual offences onboard transit, MVTP and Hollaback! Vancouver began an online awareness campaign.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hollaback! Vancouver and Metro Vancouver Transit Police team up to help end harassment on transit|url=https://vancouver.ihollaback.org/2015/04/10/hollaback-vancouver-and-metro-vancouver-transit-police-team-up-to-help-end-harassment-on-transit/|website=Hollaback!|access-date=August 31, 2015}}</ref>

==Controversy==
As the only transit police force in Canada,<ref>{{cite news|title=Vancouver transit police begin packing guns|work=CBC News|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/vancouver-transit-police-begin-packing-guns-1.530139|date=December 5, 2005|access-date=December 25, 2006}}</ref> there was concern by transit employee unions and interest groups when the decision to arm members was made. The province and BC Association of Chiefs of Police agreed that their designation as police would require the issuance of firearms.<ref name="Transit gun plan draws fire - Georgia Straight, September 8, 2005">{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Charlie |title=Transit gun plan draws fire |url=https://www.straight.com/article/transit-gun-plan-draws-fire |access-date=March 15, 2013 |work=[[The Georgia Straight]] |date=September 8, 2005 |language=en}}</ref>

News reports in April 2008 alleged the misuse of [[Taser]]s by MVTP members. It was reported that officers used the Tasers on offenders for the mispayment of transit fares.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/b-c-transit-police-stun-fare-cheaters-with-taser-documents-1.766379 |title=B.C. transit police stun fare cheaters with Taser |access-date=May 5, 2008 | work=CBC News | date=April 16, 2008}}</ref> A 2010 inquiry found that the incidents of taser usage by the MVTP were legally justified, given the offenders were actively resisting or assaultive toward police during an investigation.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.translink.ca/en/About-Us/Corporate-Overview/Operating-Companies/Transit-Police/About-Us/News-Releases/2010/March/Taser-Deployment-Videos-Background--Question-and--Answers.aspx |title=Transit Police Report on C.E.W. Use |access-date=March 15, 2013 | date=March 5, 2010}}</ref>

Since the early 2010s, arguments have been made that the MVTP are not an effective use of TransLink's funding or of police resources, as one of the primary duties of MVTP officers is checking transit fares and issuing tickets.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.surreyleader.com/news/142702745.html |title=Report pans Metro Vancouver's Transit Police model |access-date=March 15, 2013 | work=Surrey North Delta Leader | date=March 14, 2012}}</ref> Debates have included whether a different policing model would be more effective.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2013/02/21/transit-police-vancouver-mayor-gregor-robertson_n_2735340.html |title=Mayors question need for Transit Police |access-date=March 15, 2013 | work=Huffington Post | date=February 21, 2013}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Combined Forces Special Enforcement Unit of British Columbia]]
* [[E-Comm]]
* [[Transportation in Vancouver]]
* [[British Transport Police]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
* {{official website}}
* [https://www.translink.ca/ TransLink website]
* [https://www.translink.ca/about-us/about-translink/operating-companies/transit-police About Metro Vancouver Transit Police] 
* [https://www.translink.ca/en/Rider-Guide/Safety-and-Security.aspx Translink Safety and Security]

{{TransLink Services|state_skytrain=collapsed|state_miscellaneous=uncollapsed}}
{{Law enforcement agencies in Canada}}

[[Category:Law enforcement agencies of British Columbia]]
[[Category:TransLink (British Columbia)]]
[[Category:Transit police departments]]
[[Category:2005 establishments in British Columbia]]
[[Category:Organizations based in New Westminster]]