View source for Menteshe

{{Short description|Anatolian beylik}}
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[[Image:Anatolia1300.png|thumb|300px|The Beylik of Menteshe (blue) in 1300]]
{{History of Turkey}}
'''Menteshe''' ({{langx|ota|منتشه}}, {{langx|tr|Menteşe}}) was the first of the [[Turkish people|Turkish]] [[Anatolian beyliks]] (principality), the frontier principalities established by the [[Oghuz Turks]] after the decline of the [[Seljuk dynasty|Seljuk]] [[Sultanate of Rum]]. Founded in 1260/1290, it was named for its founder, {{ill|Menteshe Bey|ru|Ментеше-бей}}. Its capital city was [[Milas]] (Mylasa) in southwestern [[Anatolia]].<ref>Claude Cahen, ''Pre-Ottoman Turkey: A General Survey of the Material and Spiritual Culture and History, c. 1071-1330'', 1968 (New York: ACLS Humanities, 2014), p. 308</ref>

The heartland of the ''beylik'' corresponded roughly to ancient [[Caria]] or to the early modern [[Muğla Province]] in Turkey, including the province's three protruding [[peninsula]]s.  Among the important centers within the ''beylik'' were the cities of [[Beçin]], [[Milas]], [[Balat, Didim|Balat]], [[Elmalı]], [[Finike]], [[Kaş]], [[Mağrı]] (modern [[Fethiye]]), [[Muğla]], [[Çameli]], [[Acıpayam]], [[Tavas]], [[Bozdoğan]], and [[Çine]].  The city of [[Aydın]] (formerly [[Tralles]]) was controlled by this ''beylik'' for a time, during which it was called "Güzelhisar"; it later was transferred to the [[Aydinids]] in the north, who renamed the city for the founder of their dynasty.

The Beylik of Menteshe were serious regional naval powers of their time.<ref>{{cite web |author=Hans Theunissen |title=Venice and the Turkoman Begliks of Menteşe and Aydın |url=http://www2.let.uu.nl/Solis/anpt/ejos/pdf/VG07.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050429162918/http://www2.let.uu.nl/Solis/anpt/ejos/pdf/VG07.pdf |archive-date=2005-04-29 |publisher=[[Leiden University]]}}</ref>  They were sometimes referred to as the Sea Turks as they were the first seafaring Beylik. The Beylik produced fine boats using special trees harvested from the expansive forests in the high coastal mountains. These boats sailed well and were well built and the models for today's Gulet Sailboats, which are prevalent in the [[Aegean Sea|Aegean]] Sea in both [[Greece]] and Turkey. The Beylik even conquered [[Rhodes]] and many other islands, which are still referred to as the "Menteşe" Islands or the [[Dodecanese]].  During the Siege of Constantinople in 1453, approximately 40% of the Ottoman Navy was from the Menteshe Beylik.  Today, the present-day Mugla continues to be a major shipbuilding region where many luxury yachts are now produced for export.  

Architecturally, the Menteshe Beylik had a significant impact on later [[Ottoman architecture|Ottoman Architecture]]. They were the first Beylik to construct large precision cut stone buildings and became experts in building domes and archways. The region itself was an important source of marble and stone since the Roman times and continues to be Turkey's top stone export region. They also left important works of architecture, such as the Firus Bey Mosque in Milas and [[İlyas Bey Mosque]] in Balat.

Menteşe Bey first submitted to [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] rule in 1390, during the reign of [[Bayezid I|Bayezid I, "the Thunderbolt"]].<ref>Stanford Shaw, ''History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey'' (Cambridge: University Press, 1976), vol. 1 p. 30</ref>  After 1402, [[Tamerlane]] restored the ''beylik'' to Menteşoğlu İlyas Bey, who recognized Ottoman overlordship in 1414.  A dozen years later, in 1426, Menteshe was incorporated into the [[Ottoman dynasty|Ottoman]] realm.<ref>Shaw, ''History of the Ottoman Empire'', p. 44</ref>

The present-day [[Muğla Province]] of Turkey was named the sub-province (''[[sanjak]]'') of Menteshe until the early years of the [[Republic of Turkey]], although the provincial seat had been moved from Milas to [[Muğla]] with the establishment of Ottoman rule in the 15th century.

==List of beys==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Bey
! Reign
! Notes
|-
| {{ill|Menteshe Bey|tr|Menteşe Bey}} || 1261–1282 ||
|-
| [[Mesut of Menteshe|Mesut Bey]] || 1282–1319 || 
|-
| {{ill|Orhan of Menteshe|lt=Orhan Bey|tr|Menteşeoğlu Şücaüddin Orhan Bey}} || 1320–1341 || 
|-
| {{ill|Ibrahim of Menteshe|lt=Ibrahim Bey|tr|Menteşeoğlu İbrahim Bey}} || 1341–1359 ||
|-
| Musa Bey <hr> Gıyaseddin Mehmed Bey <hr> {{ill|Ahmed of Menteshe|lt=Gazi Ahmed Bey|ca|Menteşeli Ahmet}} || 1359–1374 <hr> 1359–1390 <hr> 1359–1391 || Co-rule of three
|-
| colspan=3 | {{center|Ottoman rule (1391–1402)}}
|-
| {{ill|Ilyas Bey|tr|Menteşeoğlu İlyas Bey}} || 1402–1424 || 
|-
|}

==Genealogy of House of Menteshe==
{{Chart top|width=100%|collapsed=no|House of Menteshe}}
{|- valign=top
| colspan=100% style="text-align:left" |
{{Color sample|border=#FFD700|#white; border-width:2px}} Menteshids
|}
{{Tree chart/start|align=center|style=font-size:90%}}
{{Tree chart| | | | | | A01 | | | | | |
|A01='''Menteshe''' <br>{{r.|1261|1295}}
|boxstyle_ A01 =border-color:#FFD700
}}
{{Tree chart| | | | | | |!| | | | | | |}}
{{Tree chart| | | | | | A01 | | | | | |
|A01='''Mas'ud''' <br>{{r.|1295|1319}}
|boxstyle_ A01 =border-color:#FFD700
}}
{{Tree chart| | | | | | |!| | | | | | |}}
{{Tree chart| | | | | | A01 | | | | | |
|A01='''Orhan''' <br>{{r.|1319|1337}}
|boxstyle_ A01 =border-color:#FFD700
}}
{{Tree chart| | | | | | |!| | | | | | |}}
{{Tree chart| | | | | | A01 | | | | | |
|A01='''Ibrahim''' <br>{{r.|1337|1354}}
|boxstyle_ A01 =border-color:#FFD700
}}
{{Tree chart| | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | |}}
{{Tree chart| | A01 | | A02 | | A03 | |
|A01='''Musa''' <br>{{r.|1354|1375}}
|A02='''Ahmad I''' <br>{{r.|1375|1391}}
|A03='''Muhammad''' <br>{{r.|1391|1391}}
|boxstyle_ A01 =border-color:#FFD700
|boxstyle_ A02 =border-color:#FFD700
|boxstyle_ A03 =border-color:#FFD700
}}
{{Tree chart| | | | | | | | | | |!| | |}}
{{Tree chart| | | | | | | | | | A01 | |
|A01='''Ilyas''' <br>{{r.|1402|1421}}
|boxstyle_ A01 =border-color:#FFD700
}}
{{Tree chart| | | | | | |,|-|-|-|(| | |}}
{{Tree chart| | | | | | A01 | | A02 | |
|A01='''Uways''' <br>{{r.|1421|1424}}
|A02='''Ahmad II''' <br>{{r.|1421|1424}}
|boxstyle_ A01 =border-color:#FFD700
|boxstyle_ A02 =border-color:#FFD700
}}
{{Tree chart/end}}
{{Chart bottom}}

==See also==
* [[List of Sunni Muslim dynasties]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book | last = Wittek | first = Paul | authorlink = Paul Wittek | title = Das Fürstentum Mentesche. Studien zur Geschichte Westkleinasiens im 13.-15. Jahrhundert | year = 1934 | language = German | publisher = Zaman Kitaphanesi | location = Istanbul }}
* {{Cite book | last = Zachariadou | first = Elisabeth  |authorlink = Elizabeth Zachariadou  | chapter = The Turks and the Venetian Territories in Romania (1318-1407) | pages = 103–122 | title = Πεπραγμένα του Δ' Διεθνούς Κρητολογικού Συνεδρίου, Ηράκλειο, 29 Αυγούστου - 3 Δεκεμβρίου 1976. Τόμος Β′ Βυζαντινοί και μέσοι χρόνοι | location = Athens | publisher = University of Crete | year = 1980 | url = https://anemi.lib.uoc.gr/metadata/0/6/1/metadata-1643884844-836717-19947.tkl}}
* {{cite book | last = Zachariadou | first = Elisabeth A. |authorlink = Elizabeth Zachariadou |title = Trade and Crusade: Venetian Crete and the Emirates of Menteshe and Aydin (1300-1415) |publisher = Istituto Ellenico di Studi Bizantini e Post-bizantini di Venezia |location = Venice |year = 1983 |oclc = 144691037 }}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061225052217/http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.tcl?site_id=11741 Architecture of the Menteşe period: Firuz Bey Mosque]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060218045818/http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.tcl?site_id=9421 Architecture of the Menteşe period: Ilyas Bey Mosque]

{{History of Turkey topics}}
{{Anatolian Seljuk Sultanate and Anatolian Turkish Beyliks}}
{{Medieval states in Anatolia}}

{{coord missing|Turkey}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Menteshe}}
[[Category:Menteshe| ]]
[[Category:Anatolian beyliks]]
[[Category:History of Muğla Province]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1260]]
[[Category:1261 establishments in Asia]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1424]]