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{{Short description|Classical-period composer (c.1745–1777)}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox classical composer
| name                = Maxim Berezovsky 
| image               = Maxim Berezovsky frame removed.jpg
| image_size          = 220px
| caption             = A 20th-century portrait of Berezovsky
| native_name         = {{lang|ru|Максим Березовский}}
| birth_date          = {{circa|1745}}
| birth_place         = [[Hlukhiv|Glukhov]], Cossack Hetmanate, Russian Empire
| death_date          = {{OldStyleDate|2 April|1777|24 March}}
| death_place         = [[Saint Petersburg]], Russian Empire
| alma_mater =[[NaUKMA]]
| era                 = [[Classical period (music)|Classical]]
| list_of_works       = <!-- Link to "List of works" subarticles here. Do not list individual pieces. -->
}}

'''Maxim Sozontovich Berezovsky'''{{refn|1=Alternative transliterations of his name include ''Maksym'' and '' Sozontovych''.<ref name="LubMak">{{cite web |last1=Hajda |first1=Lubomyr A. |last2=Andrij |first2=Makuch |title=Music of Ukraine |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Ukraine/Music |website=Britannica |access-date=9 July 2024}}</ref>|group=note}} ({{langx|ru|link=no|Максим Созонтович Березовский}} {{Audio|Ru-Maksim-Sazontovich-Berezovsky.ogg|listen}}; {{langx|uk|link=no|Максим Созонтович Березовський}}; {{circa|1745}}{{snd}}{{OldStyleDate|2 April|1777|24 March}}) was a composer of [[Secular music|secular]] and [[Liturgy|liturgical music]], and a conductor and [[opera]] singer, who worked at the [[Saint Petersburg Court Chapel]] in the [[Russian Empire]], but who also spent much of his career in Italy. He made an important contribution in the [[music of Ukraine]]. Together with [[Artemy Vedel]] and [[Dmitry Bortniansky]], both of whom have cited him as an influence, Berezovsky is considered by [[musicologist]]s as one of the three great composers of 18th-century Ukrainian classical music,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kuzma |first1=Marika |title=Bortniansky à la Bortniansky: An Examination of the Sources of Dmitry Bortniansky's Choral Concertos |journal=The Journal of Musicology |date=1996 |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=183–212 |doi=10.2307/763922 |jstor=763922 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/763922 |access-date=1 August 2024 |issn=0277-9269|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Kyyanovska |first1=Lyubov |title=Українська музична культура |date=2008 |publisher=Triada Plus |location=Lviv |isbn=978-966-486-024-3 |page=17 |language=uk |trans-title=Ukrainian Musical Culture}}</ref> and one of the Russian Empire's first composers.<ref name="keldysh1966">{{cite journal |last1=Keldysh |first1=Yuri |title=Неизвестная опера русского композитора |journal=Sovetskaya Muzyka |date=1966 |issue=337 |pages=39–50 |access-date=2 August 2024 |url=https://mus.academy/articles/neizvestnaya-opera-russkogo-kompozitora-neutomimyi-prosvetitel}}</ref>

Berezovsky's place of birth and his father's name are known only from verbal accounts.&nbsp;He is traditionally thought to have been educated at the {{Ill|Glukhov Singing School|ru|Глуховская школа пения и инструментальной музыки}}; he may have also attended the&nbsp;[[Kyiv-Mohyla Academy]], although this is uncertain. In 1758, he was accepted as a singer into the capella at&nbsp;[[Oranienbaum, Russia|Oranienbaum]], before being employed at the imperial court of [[Catherine II]] in Saint Petersburg, where he received lessons from the Italian composer&nbsp;[[Baldassare Galuppi]]. In 1769, Berezovsky was sent to study in [[Bologna]]. There he composed secular works, including&nbsp;''[[Demofonte (Berezovsky)|Demofonte]]'', a three-act&nbsp;[[opera seria]] that was the earliest Italian-style opera to be written by a Ukrainian or a Russian composer. He returned to Saint Petersburg in October 1773. The circumstances of his death in 1777 are not documented.&nbsp;

Berezovsky is best known for his choral works, and was one of the creators of the Ukrainian sacred choral style. Few of his compositions are extant, but research in recent decades led to the rediscovery of previously lost works, including three [[symphonies]]. His opera&nbsp;and violin sonata&nbsp;were the first known examples of these genres by an Imperial&nbsp; Russian composer.

==Biography==
A lack of documentary evidence meant that little was known about Maxim Sozontovich Berezovsky until the 21st century. During the 1830s and 1840s, the librarians of the [[St. Petersburg State Academic Capella]] compiled details about his life and work. They had access to the composer's own scores and notes, but relied on anecdotal information from others who remembered him. The earliest writers to produce short biographies of Berezovsky were the German historiographer {{Ill|Jacob von Stehlin|ru|Штелин, Якоб}}, the [[antiquary]] and book collector [[Eugene Bolkhovitinov]], and the Russian poet and translator Nikolai Dmitrievich Gorchakov.{{sfn|Lebedeva-Emelina |2017}} Bolkhovitinov's unsubstantiated biography, written decades after Berezovsky's death, was used by later writers as the main source of information about the composer.{{sfn|Shumilina|2018}} Unconfirmed details still included in modern biographies include that he was a victim of his circumstances who was driven to suicide, either by debt or the lack of recognition of his creative genius.{{sfn|Shumilina|2018}}

===Early life===
Berezovsky's father may have belonged to the [[petty nobility]]. Contemporary descendants of a brother, Pavel, associate the family's origins with the [[Cossacks]]. The family's [[coat of arms]] has also been preserved, testifying to its Polish origins.{{sfn|Ritzarev|1983|p=14}}

[[File:1769 map of Poland and Russia in Europe (Facius) 1.jpg|thumb|A part of a map, produced in 1769 by Johann Gottlieb Facius. [[Kyiv]] (labelled "Kiow") and [[Hlukhiv]] ("Gluchow") are shown on the left and right sides respectively.|upright=1.5]]
Berezovsky's place of birth, father's name, and supposed period as a scholar at the [[Kyiv-Mohyla Academy]] in [[Kyiv]], are known only from verbal accounts, and so are not known for certain.<ref name="Yur" />&nbsp;Once-accepted aspects of his life story originate from a largely fictional play by Peter Smirnov, written in 1841, as well as from a novel written in 1844 by the Russian writer [[Nestor Kukolnik]].{{sfn|Ritzarev|2006|p=3}}

It was in the past believed that Berezovsky was born on {{OldStyleDate|27 April|1745|16 April}}, as recalled by a teacher in the Capella in Saint Petersburg. Other 19th-century sources cite different years: 1743, 1742, and even 1725.{{sfn|Ritzarev|1983|p=13}} Since being stated by an encyclopedic dictionary, published in 1836, that Berezovsky was born in around 1745, this year has become the accepted year of his birth. The month and the day of his birth appeared in works by {{Ill|Mikhail Lebedev (writer)|lt=Mikhail Lebedev|ru|Лебедев, Михаил Николаевич (писатель)}} and {{Ill|lt=Mikhail Solovyov|Mikhail Solovyov (writer)|ru|Соловьёв, Михаил Фёдорович}} respectively. It is unclear where their information originated from.{{sfn|Karabits|2021|p=16}}

Berezovsky's birthplace is unknown for certain, but according to many sources was [[Hlukhiv|Glukhov]], at that time the main residence of the [[Hetman of Zaporizhian Host]].{{sfn|Jaffé|2012|p=60}} During the 18th century, Glukhov served as the capital of the [[Cossack Hetmanate]] and the administrative centre of the [[Little Russia Governorate (1764–1781)|Little Russia Governorate]].<ref name="Rud" />

===Education in Glukhov and Kiev===
During the 18th century, as choirs arose in Ukrainian churches, monasteries and schools, composers and singers raised choral music to a high artistic and professional level.{{sfn|Korniy|1998|pp=14{{ndash}}15}} In contrast to the Italian practice of employing [[castrati]], the all-male Capella used [[boy soprano]]s. Ukraine became known as a place to recruit boys with excellent singing voices, and from the 1730s, Russian nobles brought talented youngsters from the region with them to perform at the Capella.{{sfn|Stites|2008|p=97}} From 1738, the {{Ill|Glukhov Singing School|ru|Глуховская школа пения и инструментальной музыки}} was used by the Capella to provide boys with their initial training, before those that were selected were coached as singers at the court in Saint Petersburg.{{sfn|Korniy|1998|p=194}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hlukhiv Singing School |url=https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CH%5CL%5CHlukhivSingingSchool.htm |access-date=16 October 2023 |website=www.encyclopediaofukraine.com}}</ref> When their voices changed, those with the best voices were then trained as adult singers, and freed if they were [[serf]]s. Those not selected generally found work as government employees, or [[chorister]]s in monasteries.{{sfn|Stites|2008|p=97}}

Berezovsky is generally considered to have been a boy chorister at the school in Glukhov.{{sfn|Ritzarev|2006|p=105}} His name does not appear in surviving documents of this institution, but as it was the only one in the [[Russian Empire]] that trained singers for the Imperial Court Choir, it is likely that he was educated there,{{sfn|Ritzarev|1983|p=14}} as were other composers such as [[Artemy Vedel]], [[Hryhorii Skovoroda]], and {{Ill|Gavrilo Rachinsky|uk|Рачинський Гаврило Андрійович}}.{{sfn|Korniy|1998|p=381}} He may have composed three- and four-part [[motets]] as a boy.{{sfn|Kuzma|2001}}

It was asserted by some 19th-century sources that Berezovsky received part of his education at the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, but when the academy's documents were made public at the start of the 20th century, Berezovsky's name was not found amongst any of the student lists.{{sfn|Ritzarev|1983|p=15}} There is no documentary confirmation of Berezovsky attending the academy.{{sfn|Karabits|2021|p=17}}

===Oranienbaum, and Saint Petersburg===
[[File:Внуков по рисунку Махаева - Проспект Большого дворца в Ораниенбауме.jpg|thumb| ''Prospect of the Grand Palace in Oranienbaum'', based on a drawing by {{Ill|Mikhail Makhaev|ru|Махаев, Михаил Иванович}} (1750s), [[Hermitage Museum]]|upright=1.8]]
On 29 June 1758, Berezovsky was accepted as a singer into the capella of the future [[Paul I of Russia]],<ref name="Yur">{{cite web |last1=Yurchenko |first1=Mstyslav |title=Maksym Berezovsky: Ukrainian Sacred Music (Volume 1) |url=https://claudiorecords.com/product/cb4730_berezovsky/ |publisher=Claudio Records |access-date=12 October 2023 |format=CD notes}}</ref> in [[Oranienbaum, Russia|Oranienbaum]], near Saint Petersburg. There he sang in Italian operas and his name appears in printed [[libretto]]s of the operas {{lang|it|Alessandro nell'Indie}} (1759) by [[Francesco Araja]] (when he played the role of Poro) and {{lang|it|La Semiramide riconosciuta}} (1760) by [[Vincenzo Manfredini]] (when he portrayed Ircano).{{sfn|Shumilina|2015|p=78}}{{sfn|Kuzma|2001}}{{refn|1=Berezovsky's date of birth was calculated by whether his voice had broken by 1757. There was once doubt as to whether the roles he sang were for a soprano or a tenor.{{sfn|Kuzma|2001}}|group=note}} Some 1756 salary receipts are preserved, signed by "Beresevsky", that confirm that he was a paid as an opera singer at the Oranienbaum.{{sfn|Karabits|2021|pp=17, 23}}

The future governor of Little Russia, [[Pyotr Rumyantsev]], brought the 13-year-old Berezovsky to the royal court.<ref name="Rud" /> He was employed at the court for 19 years, as an opera singer (until 1765), a musician in the orchestra (from 1766) and a composer (from 1774).{{sfn|Shumilina|2018}} In 1762, he became a singer of the Italian [[Saint Petersburg Court Capella]]. He was taught to compose and play the harpsichord by the Italian conductor Francesco Tsoppis,<ref name="Rud" /><ref name="Leb">{{cite web |last1=Lebedeva-Emelina |first1=A. V. |title=Berezovsky |url=https://www.pravenc.ru/text/78130.html |website=Orthodox Encyclopedia |access-date=10 October 2023 |volume=4 |pages=650{{ndash}}652 |date=2009}}</ref> and was taught composing by the Italian composer [[Baldassare Galuppi]].{{sfn|Ritzarev|2006|p=109}} Berezovsky surprised Tsoppis when he created a series of well-written choral concerts.<ref name="Rud" /> With [[Dmitry Bortniansky]], he took part in a performance of [[Hermann Raupach]]'s&nbsp;''Alceste'' in Saint Petersburg.<ref name="Tar" />

During the 1760s, Berezovsky was a court staff-musician and composed [[concerto]]s for church choirs.{{sfn|Jaffé|2012|p=60}} Influenced by the sacred concertos created by Italians at court, Berezovsky's new music in the Italian style was well received.<ref name="Yur" /> He no longer sang as a principal after Catherine II became empress in&nbsp;1762, perhaps because of his age, or because Russian musicians lost favour at court during her rule.{{sfn|Kuzma|2001}}

====Married life====
In 1763, at the age of 18, Berezovsky married a girl he had known since his days at Oranienbaum, a court ballerina named Franzina Uberscher,{{sfn|Shumilina|2018}} who was the daughter of one of the court orchestra's [[Horn (instrument)|horn]] players.<ref name="Rud" /> Berezovsky belonged to the [[Russian Orthodox Church]], and Franzina was a [[Roman Catholic]], so permission had to be sought for the marriage. Having worked for 11 years as a dancer in the court theatre, in 1774, she was dismissed due to her age.<ref name="Rud" />

According to the conductor musicologist {{Ill|Mstyslav Yurchenko|uk|Юрченко Мстислав Сергійович}}, Berezovsky had another wife named Nadiya Matviivna, but the Ukrainian musicologist Olga Shumilina asserts that Franzina changed her name when she married into the Orthodox Church.{{sfn|Shumilina|2018}}

It is not known for certain why, shortly after Berezovsky's death, a court employee received a payment from the imperial treasury that would normally have been given to his wife, who was still alive.<ref name="Pry" /> A year after her husband's death, Nadiya Matviivna, left without means of subsistence, died in poverty. The death certificate, dated 1 January 1778, named her as the wife of Berezovsky, a chamber orchestra musician.{{sfn|Shumilina|2018}}

===First Italian trip===
[[File:St. Petersburg State Academic Capella record of the "status of theatre employees".jpg|thumb|The record of Berezovky's position as a court composer in Saint Petersburg]]

It is unclear exactly when or how often Berezovsky went to Italy, but there is evidence he may travelled there more than once. An imperial document exists concerning two passports issued on 26 August 1764 to persons from Little Russia sent to Italy at the private expense of [[Kirill Razumovsky]], the last [[Hetman of the Zaporizhian Host]]. One of the passports is thought to have been for Berezovsky.{{sfn|Karabits|2021|p=17}} Razumovsky had taken him from Glukhov to St. Petersburg in late 1757. He acted as his mentor, and assisted him financially. The passport document read: "In Little Russia to Kiev to the Little Russian nobleman Maxim Berezevsky and the merchant Ivan Konstantinov, sent by His Eminence Hetman Count Razumovsky to Italy". The indication that Berezovsky was a nobleman reveals that he probably had certain privileges, and a good salary. Shumilina states that the passport may not have been for Berezovsky, as the name "Beresevsky" is not the same as "Berezovsky".{{sfn|Shumilina|2019}}

After his return from Italy, Berezovsky was hired as the deputy director of the Capella, with an annual salary of 500 [[ruble]]s. His duties included writing operatic ballet music. This position is shown in a list of theatre employees that was made in 1766.{{sfn|Shumilina|2018}} His sacred choral concerts was performed in August 1766 in the [[Amber Room]] of the [[Tsarskoye Selo]] Palace in the presence of Catherine II. Five more concerts were written during the next two years and were praised by Italian musicians (including Galuppi) and courtiers alike.{{sfn|Shumilina|2019}}

===Return to Italy===
[[File:Padre Martini 1.jpg|thumb|Giovanni Battista Martini, Berezovsky's instructor at the Bologna Academy of Music]]
In 1769, Berezovsky, by then in his late twenties, made a return trip to Italy. He travelled first to Vienna, as a courier to the ambassador [[Dmitry Mikhailovich Golitsyn the Younger|Dmytro Golitsyn]], as stated in a border crossing document dated 26 May. From there he went to [[Bologna]].{{sfn|Shumilina|2019}} There he studied with the composer [[Giovanni Battista Martini]] at the [[Accademia Filarmonica di Bologna]].{{sfn|Jaffé|2012|p=60}}{{sfn|Shumilina|2015|pp=80{{ndash}}81}} He stayed in Italy until 1773.{{sfn|Shulgina|2020|p=171}}

Berezovsky did not have the necessary letter of introduction for Martini. The letter was sent to Martini in February 1770 by the director of the Russian imperial theatres, [[Ivan Yelagin]], by which time Berezovsky was already in Bologna and had begun classes. Shumilina has proposed that the appearance of Berezovsky in Italy (at a time when Russia and the [[Ottoman Empire]] were at war) was not initially so that he could be taught by Martini, and that the Russian authorities used Berezovsky's tuition as a cover, so that he could act as a government agent.{{sfn|Shumilina|2019}}

In May 1771, Berezovsky formally requested to be allowed to take the graduation exam:{{sfn|Shumilina|2015|p=81}}{{refn|1="{{lang|it|15 Maggio 1771. Illustrimo Signor Principe e Accademici filarmonici...Massimo Beresovskoy detto Russo desiderando di essere aggregato in gualetà di Compositore e Maestro di Capella dell'Accademia Celeberrima de filarmonici, suplica in Signor Principe, et Accademia de filarmonici di ameterlo all esperimento, ad aggregazione dell'Accademia. Che della grazia qua deus.|italics=no}}"{{sfn|Shumilina|2015|p=81}}|group=note}}

{{Blockquote|text=May 15, 1771: Venerable Signor President and Professors of the Academy. Maxim Berezovsky, nicknamed The Russian, wishing to be admitted to the ranks of composers and conductors of the most famous Philharmonic Academy, asks the Signor President and members of the Philharmonic Academy to admit him to the exam for admission to the Academy. To the glory of the Lord.|author=Maxim Berezovsky}}

Along with fellow graduate [[Josef Mysliveček]],{{refn|1=By 1771, Josef Mysliveček had composed nine operas, more than 30 symphonies and [[overture]]s, three concerts, and many other chamber works.{{sfn|Karabits|2021|p=18}}|group=note}} Berezowsky had to compose a [[polyphonic]] work on a given theme. This was a similar exam to the one given to the 14-year-old [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] a year earlier.{{sfn|Jaffé|2012|p=60}} Academicians gathered to test the applicants, who assessed the candidates' examination pieces by secret ballot, using white and black balls to vote that the required standard had been reached.&nbsp;Unusually, both Mysliveček and Berezovsky received only white balls—which signified a positive vote—and so both became academicians. This brought them financial and social benefits.<ref name="keldysh1966"/><ref name="Per">{{cite news |last1=Perebijnis |first1=Olga |title=Йозеф Мислівечек та Максим Березовський: чех та українець, які підкорили музичну Італію |url=https://www.istpravda.com.ua/articles/2021/05/15/159491/ |access-date=13 October 2023 |work=[[Istorychna Pravda]] |date=15 May 2021 |page=|trans-title=Jozef Myslivecek and Maksym Berezovsky: a Czech and a Ukrainian who conquered musical Italy |language=uk}}</ref> Berezowsky's examination piece, {{lang|la|Hic vir despiciens}},{{sfn|Kuzma|2001}} signed "Massimo Berezovsky", is now kept by the academy.<ref name="Rud" /> Berezovsky's compositions in Italy include ''[[Demofonte (Berezovsky)|Demofonte]]'', a three-[[Act (drama)|act]] ''[[opera seria]]'', with an Italian libretto by [[Pietro Metastasio]]. It was staged in [[Livorno]] and premiered in February 1773.{{sfn|Jaffé|2012|p=60}} The music he composed in Italy had to be published in France, as during his lifetime, neither Russia or Italy regularly published printed music.{{sfn|Karabits|2021|p=24}} Berezovsky became the first Russian member of the Academia Filarmonica di Bologna.<ref name="keldysh1966"/>

===Return to Saint Petersburg===
Having run out of funds,<ref name="Tar" /> Berezovsky returned to Saint Petersburg in October 1773,<ref name="Rud2">{{cite news |last1=Rudyachenko |first1=Oleksandr |title=Максим Березовський. 2. Між мучениками і праведниками |url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-culture/3119094-maksim-berezovskij-2-miz-mucenikami-i-pravednikami.html |access-date=11 October 2023 |work=[[Ukrinform]] |date=18 October 2020 |page=|trans-title=Maxim Berezovsky. 2. Between the martyrs and the righteous |language=uk}}</ref>{{refn|1=Early biographies indicate that he returned in 1775.<ref name="Rud2" />|group=note}} and was put in charge of the choir in which he had been trained.<ref name="Tar" /> His allowance for his years in Italy was paid only in 1774, upon his return to Russia.{{sfn|Karabits|2021|p=18}}

As his duties involved writing and performing music, Berezovsky is referred to as a composer in some documents. However, no compositions or records of his employment at court from this period have survived. It is probable that he had no permanent position, and that following his return from Italy, his composing career effectively stopped.{{sfn|Shumilina|2015|pp=82{{ndash}}83}} He was never promoted again.{{sfn|Kuzma|2001}}

===Death===
[[File:Maxim Berezovsky - document relating to his burial.jpg|thumb|The document relating to Berezovsky's burial]]
Berezovsky received his last salary in February 1777.{{sfn|Shumilina|2018}} The Russian statesman [[Grigory Potemkin]] invited him to work as the director of a music academy in [[Kremenchuk]] (now in modern Ukraine),{{sfn|Kuzma|2001}} but on 24 March (2 April [[Gregorian calendar|N.S.]]) 1777, Berezovsky&nbsp;died in Saint Petersburg.{{sfn|Ritzarev|2006|p=x}}

Over time, the details of Berezovsky's death were embellished, for instance relating that he became alcoholic, and committed suicide.<ref name="Pry" /> No records to indicate that he died by this means are known.{{sfn|Shumilina|2015|p=83}} He is finally mentioned after his death, when the issue of his estate is discussed: "Composer Maxim Berezovsky died on the 24th day of this month; The salary he was owed is due to be paid, but since there is nothing left after his death, and there is nothing to bury the body, then please, your highness, give his salary to the court singer Yakov Timchenko...."{{sfn|Shumilina|2015|p=83}} According to ''Muzyka'' and ''[[The Day (Kyiv)|The Day]]'', the story that [[Catherine II]] secretly ordered the papers in Berezovsky's rooms to be burnt after his death are among the "myths and legends" surrounding his biography.<ref name="Rud" /><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Golynska |first1=Olga |title=Максим Березовський і Кирило Карабиць |trans-title=Maxim Berezovsky and Kyrylo Karabits |journal=Журнал "Музика" |trans-journal=Journal "Music" |date=29 December 2020 |url=http://mus.art.co.ua/maksym-berezovs-kyy-i-kyrylo-karabyts/ |access-date=4 September 2024}}</ref>

Bolkhovitinov wrote in his 1804 biography of Berezovsky that "hypochondria" caused Berezovsky to "stab himself to death".<ref name="Pry" /> His suicide, taken as fact from the early 19th century, may have happened because of debt problems, as opposed to earlier theories such as his supposed poor treatment by the imperial court.<ref name="Tar" /> According to the Russian and Israeli [[musicologist]] {{Ill|Marina Ritzarev|ru|Рыцарева, Марина Григорьевна}}, Berezovsky died of a fever.<ref name="Pry">{{cite web |last1=Pryashnikova |first1=Margarita |title=Maxim Berezovsky (ca.1745–1777): Secular Music (Pratum Integrum Orchestra) |url=https://media.nativedsd.com/storage/nativedsd.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/02181630/CM0022003.pdf |publisher=Caro Mitus |access-date=11 October 2023 |format=CD notes}}</ref>

== Works==
{{Further-text|{{Ill|List of choral works by Maxim Sozontovich Berezovsky|ru|Список хоровых произведений Максима Созонтовича Березовского|uk|Список хорових творів Максима Созонтовича Березовського}}}}

Most of Berezovsky's compositions are lost. Of the 18 choral concertos he wrote, three are extant, of which only one autograph score, the antiphony he wrote during his exam for election to the Academy of Music, is known.<ref name="Yur" /> Of the 40 choral works recorded during the 19th century, approximately half have been lost.{{sfn|Kuzma|2001}}

In 1901, the music encyclopedia [[Riemann Musiklexikon]] referred to "not only the ''Demofonte'' opera, but also other secular works" by the composer that had been written in Italy.{{sfn|Karabits|2021|p=19}} The description of Berezovsky as a composer of sacred music who occasionally produced secular works has since been challenged by some modern scholars.{{sfn|Shumilina|2020}} His opera ''Demofonte'' and his violin sonata are the first examples of these genres by either a Ukrainian or a Russian composer.<ref name="Yur" />

===Sacred music===
Berezovsky became famous for his choral works. The style of his choral concertos influenced later composers such as Bortniansky and Vedel.<ref name="Yur" />&nbsp;His most well-known choral works are the concerto&nbsp;"{{lang|ru|Ne otverzhi mene vo vremya starosti}}" ("Do Not Forsake Me in My Old Age"),<ref name="Wyt" /> considered by musicologists to be his last composition,{{sfn|Shumilina|2019}}&nbsp;[[liturgical music]]&nbsp;for the [[Lord's Prayer]] and the [[Credo]], and four [[Eucharist|communion]] hymns: "{{lang|uk|Chashu spaseniia}}" ("Chalice of Salvation"), "{{lang|uk|V pamiat' vichnuiu}}" ("In Eternal Memory"), "{{lang|uk|Tvoriai anhely svoia}}" ("Let the Angels Create"), and "{{lang|uk|Vo vsiu zemliu}}" ("Over All the Land"). They are related to Ukrainian&nbsp;folk songs&nbsp;and to the tradition of [[Kievan chant]].<ref name="Wyt" /> "Do Not Forsake Me in My Old Age" was first published in 1817.{{sfn|Shumilina|2018}} It is sung regularly by Russian and Ukrainian choirs.{{sfn|Kuzma|2001}} Some of Berezovsky's communion hymns are lost, and it is possible that of those that are extant, some were not composed by him.<ref name="Yur" />

Berezovsky was one of the creators of the Ukrainian choral style in sacred music, and the first composer to divide the Orthodox Liturgy into seven parts,<ref name="Rud" /><ref name="Wyt">{{cite web |last1=Wytwycky |first1=Wasyl |title=Berezovsky, Maksym|url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CB%5CE%5CBerezovskyMaksym.htm|website=Internet Encyclopaedia of Ukraine |publisher=Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies |access-date=10 August 2022}}</ref> providing each of them with a distinctive role. His settings are notable for their expressive melodies, which contain hints of Ukrainian folk songs. He originated the use of the folk tradition of homophonic choral recitation in the genre.<ref name="Yur" />

Lidiya Korniy writes that Berezovsky raised the genre of sacred concertos to the highest musical and artistic level.{{sfn|Korniy|1998|p=202}} According to Yurchenko, the quality of some of Berezovsky's liturgical works is "unparalleled not only in Ukrainian but in European music".&nbsp;Prior to 2018, three choral concertos were attributed to Berezovsky,<ref name="Yur"/> written during his second period in Saint Petersburg.<ref name="Rud" /> Berezovsky created the four-movement classical choral concerto.<ref name="Yur" />&nbsp;

In 2001, some of Berezovsky's choral works were found in Kyiv, where following the end of World War II they had been placed in the care of the Kyiv Conservatory, before being moved to the {{Ill|Central State Archive of Ukraine|uk|Центральний державний архів вищих органів влади та управління України}}.{{sfn|Karabits|2021|p=18}} In 2018, a volume of newly discovered choral concerti by Berezovsky, nine for four voices, and three for double-choir, were published, nearly all for the first time.{{sfn|Yurchenko|2018|p=5}}

===Secular music===
====''Demofonte''====
[[File:Demofonte Aria of Timant score.jpg|thumb|A fragment of Berezovky's [[manuscript]] from the score of his opera ''[[Demofonte (Berezovsky)|Demofonte]]'' (1773)]]

Berezovsky's opera ''[[Demofonte (Berezovsky)|Demofonte]]'' was commissioned and paid for by the Russian statesman Count [[Alexei Grigoryevich Orlov]], who was stationed with his squadron in Livorno. The opera was staged during the town's annual carnival in February 1773, and was well received.{{sfn|Shumilina|2019}}

Four arias, discovered in a music library in Florence, have survived: {{lang|it|Mentre il cor con meste voci}}, {{lang|it|Misero pargoletto}}, {{lang|it|Per lei fra l'armi}}, and {{lang|it|Prudente mi chiedi}}.{{sfn|Kuzma|2001}}<ref name="Ker">{{cite web |last1=Kerkhoff |first1=Sven |title=Reviews – Berezovsky, M. (Currentzis) : Weltliche Musik |url=https://www.musikansich.de/review.php?id=1221 |publisher=Musik an sich |access-date=22 October 2023 |language=de}}</ref>{{sfn|Suprun-Yaremko|2014|p=414}} The two arias each for Demophoön (tenor) and Timanthes (castrato)—were in a copyist's score. Timanthes' arias, {{lang|it|Misero pargoletto}} and {{lang|it|Prudente mi chiedi?}}, contain [[da capo]] sections in the style of [[Niccolò Jommelli]].<ref name="Tar">{{cite web |last1=Taruskin |first1=Richard |title=Berezovsky, Maxim Sozontovich (opera) |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.O900539 |website=Grove Music Online |access-date=15 October 2023 |page=|url-access=subscription |date=2002|doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.O900539 }}</ref> Their quality testifies to the composer's experience of the opera seria genre.{{sfn|Ritzarev|2006|p=116}}

The opera was performed both in Livorno and Florence, according to two accounts of productions found in "Notizie del mondo" published in Livorno on 27 February 1773. They show that ''Demofonte'' was performed as part of Livorno's town carnival, as well as in a Florentine theatre. An entry listing the opera was also found in the Milanese "Index of Theatre Performances for 1773".{{sfn|Suprun-Yaremko|2014|p=414}}

The autograph manuscripts from ''Demofonte'' are held in the library of the [[Florence Conservatory|Conservatorio Luigi Cherubini]].{{sfn|Shulgina|2020|p=171}} [[Sergei Diaghilev]], the founder of the [[Ballets Russes]], was prevented from reviving the opera, as so much was lost.<ref name="Tar" />

====Violin sonata====
Berezovsky's symphony in [[C major]] and the sonata for violin and harpsichord in C major both have a cyclical structure and are written in an early [[sonata form]], a musical style that is positioned somewhere between the [[Baroque music|Baroque]] and [[Classical period (music)|Classical]] styles of music.{{sfn|Shumilina|2020}}

The sonata (1772), composed when he was in [[Pisa]],<ref name="Pry" /> contains both Italian and Ukrainian elements. The influence of Ukrainian folk songs is found in the third [[Movement (music)|movement]], and the work incorporates the melody to a traditional folk song, "[[Ikhav Kozak za Dunaj|The Cossack Rode beyond the Danube]]". The complexity of the violin part shows that Berezovsky was able to play the instrument at a professional level.{{sfn|Korniy|1998|p=303}}

The piece consists of three movements:{{sfn|Korniy|1998|p=303}}

{{ordered list|list_style_type=upper-roman
|''[[Tempo#Italian tempo markings|Allegro]]''
|''[[Tempo#French tempo markings|Grave]]'' 
|''[[Minuet]]'' {{lang|it|con 6 variazioni}}
}}

The manuscript score, along with many other culturally important documents and objects, was taken by [[Napoleon Bonaparte]]'s army to Paris. In 1974, the work was mentioned in an account of Berezovsky's life by the musicologist {{Ill|Vasyl Vytvytsky|uk|Витвицький Василь}}.{{sfn|Shumilina|2020}} The manuscript of the sonata was obtained from the [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]] (code D 11688),{{sfn|Ritzarev|2006|p=113}}{{sfn|Korniy|1998|p=303}} and published in Kyiv by the Ukrainian composer [[Mykhailo Stepanenko]].<ref name="Pry" /> Its first performance, with Stepanenko accompanying the violinist Alexander Panov, took place on 26 May 1981 at the Kyiv Conservatory (now the [[Ukrainian National Tchaikovsky Academy of Music]]).{{sfn|Shulgina|2020|p=172}}

In the early 2000s,{{sfn|Shumilina|2021|pp=24{{ndash}}25}} a manuscript entitled {{lang|it|Sonata Per il Clavircembalo Del. Sig. Ber[esowsky]}} was found in the library of the [[Czartoryski Museum]] by the Ukrainian academic {{Ill|Valeriya Shulgina|uk|Шульгіна Валерія Дмитрівна}}.{{sfn|Shulgina|2020|p=170}} The attribution to Berezovsky was confirmed by Shulgina and experts at the [[National Library of Poland]], who analysed the handwriting and demonstrated that the sonatas were written out by one person. A comparison of the sonatas with Berezovsky's surviving autograph of the antiphon he wrote as an examination piece in 1771 shows that manuscript was written by a copyist.{{sfn|Shulgina|2020|p=172{{ndash}}173}} In 2014, the works were reattributed as being of Czech origin, when the composers were identified as being [[Johann Andreas Kauchlitz Colizzi|Kauchlitz Colizzi]], [[Johann Baptist Wanhal]], and probably the clarinettist [[Joseph Beer (clarinetist)|Joseph Beer]].{{sfn|Shumilina|2021|pp=24{{ndash}}25}}

====Symphony in C major====
[[File:Berezovsky, first pages of Symphony "XXX".jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|The first two pages of Berezovsky's symphony in [[C major]]]]

The article "Symphony: 18th century" of the 1980 edition of the ''[[New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians]]'' noted that "many Italian overtures have found their way into Russian libraries; and Berezovsky's Russian symphony/overture has been preserved in the Doria Pamphilj collection in Rome."{{sfn|Karabits|2021|p=20}} It is the earliest symphony known to be written by a Russian composer.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Русско-итальянские стилевые диалоги в симфонии С-dur Максима Березовского |trans-title=Russo-Italian stylistic dialogues in Maxim Berezovsky's Symphony in C Major |last=Alyoshina |first=Margarita Nikolayevna |date=2015 |journal= Вестник Кемеровского государственного университета культуры и искусств |trans-journal=Journal of Culture and Arts of Kemerovo State University |url=https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/russko-italyanskie-stilevye-dialogi-v-simfonii-s-dur-maksima-berezovskogo |access-date=2 August 2024}}</ref>

In 1996, an article in ''{{Ill|lt=Muzyka|Muzyka (magazine)|uk|Музика (журнал)}}'' was the first to report the existence of a symphony by Berezovsky.<!-- (Ivchenko, Larysa. The mystery of Signor Bereseiollo's symphony [Tayemnytsya symfonii seniora Bereseiollo] // Music [Muzyka.] 1996. № 1. pp. 6–8. 3, 15) -->{{sfn|Karabits|2021|p=16}} The work, in C major, and named on the first page as {{lang|it|Symphonia XXX}}, was discovered by the American conductor [[Steven Fox]] in 2002. Fox found a manuscript of the score in the music collection of an Italian aristocratic family, and was given permission for the work to be performed.{{sfn|Rakochi|2018}} The manuscript of the work is held in the {{lang|it|Archivio Doria Pamphilj}}, in Rome.{{sfn|Karabits|2021|p=20}} It is hand-bound within the penultimate volume—"XXX"—along with five symphonies by other composers. Berezovsky's symphony was written out in parts, as most symphonies in the 18th century were published, but rather in the form of a full score.{{sfn|Karabits|2021|pp=21{{ndash}}22}}

Shumilina has suggested the possibility that the symphony was an [[overture]] to Berezovsky's opera and not a separate orchestral work.{{sfn|Shumilina|2020}} It was first performed by the early music orchestra Pratum Integrum in 2003, at the [[Royal Academy of Music]] in London. It was first played in Ukraine in 2016.{{sfn|Rakochi |2018}}{{sfn|Karabits|2021|p=20}}

====Symphonies by "Beresciollo"====
{{external media
| float = right
| caption = YouTube video <!-- text placed left or right of headerimage --->
| headerimage= [[File:YouTube 2024.svg|alt=YouTube logo|x20px|left]]
| video1 = [[Ukrinform|UA-TV]]'s [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l61kI6yDMoY world premiere of two symphonies by Berezovsky, followed by a performance of his Symphony No. 1] ({{Ill|Ukrainian National Chamber Ensemble|uk|Київські солісти}}, conductor [[Kirill Karabits]]).
}}

Two symphonies that are likely to have been composed by Berezovsky—in C major and [[G major]] (named on the scores as XIII and XI respectively)—have since been found in Paris.<ref name="ABC" /> The works were composed by an otherwise unknown man named Beresciollo. Published in 1760 in Paris, copies are now known to exist found in a number of European libraries.{{sfn|Karabits|2021|p=16}}{{refn|1=Beresciollo's two symphonies were preserved in the Bibliothèque nationale de France; the Universitätsbibliothek, Musiksammlung, Basel; the archives of the city of Agen, France; Musik- och teaterbiblioteket, Stockholm); Bibliothèque municipale, Bordeaux; and the Danish Royal Library in Copenhagen.{{sfn|Karabits|2021|p=23}}|group=note}} Certain themes in Beresciollo's Symphony in G major have an affinity with Ukrainian folk music.{{sfn|Karabits|2021|p=23}} They were performed for the first time in 2020 by the {{Ill|Ukrainian National Chamber Ensemble|uk|Київські солісти}}, conducted by Karabits.<ref name="ABC">{{cite web |title=Rediscovered symphonies of Maksym Berezovsky, the 'Mozart from Ukraine' |url=https://www.abc.net.au/classic/programs/lunchtime-concert/lunchtime-concert-maksym-berezovsky-ukraine/13864786 |publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Company]] |access-date=14 October 2023 |date=16 May 2022}}</ref>

It was announced that the works were composed by Berezovsky in Kyiv in 1995, during the celebrations of the composer's 250th birthday.{{sfn|Karabits|2021|p=16}} Berezovsky was a foreigner in Italy, and so was titled as {{lang|it|Signor}}. His surname may have been written differently because of errors in transcribing the handwritten transcription of his name from the Russian, which would not have been easy for the West Europeans to read.{{sfn|Karabits|2021|p=25}}

==Legacy==
A monument to Berezovsky was installed in Hlukhiv, and his name is engraved in gold on a slab on the wall of the Accademia Filarmonica di Bologna, besides the name of Mozart.<ref name="Rud">{{cite news |last1=Rudyachenko|first1=Oleksandr |title=Український Моцарт |url=https://day.kyiv.ua/article/kultura/ukrayinskyy-motsart |access-date=10 October 2023 |work=[[The Day (Kyiv)]] |publisher=Ukrainian Press Group |location=Kyiv |page=|trans-title=Ukrainian Mozart |language=uk}}</ref> [[Andrei Tarkovsky]]'s 1983 film ''[[Nostalghia]]'' is inspired by the life of Berezovsky.<ref>Orlando Figes, ''Natasha's Dance'' (Picador, 2002), p. 41.</ref> The 275th anniversary of Berezovsky's birth was celebrated in 2020.<ref name="ABC" />

[[Kirill Karabits]], who conducted the Ukrainian premiere of Berezovsky's Symphony No.1, has said that both Russia and Ukraine have equal claim to the composer's legacy, saying that "Russians have the right to call Berezovsky 'Russian' and [Ukrainians] have a right to call him 'Ukrainian.'"<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yefimenko |first=Adelina |date=27 December 2020 |title=Максим Березовський і Кирило Карабиць |language=Ukrainian |work=Збруч |url=https://zbruc.eu/node/102456 |access-date=7 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107233554/https://zbruc.eu/node/102456 |archive-date=7 November 2022 |quote=Росія має право називати Березовського російським композитором, а наше право – називати його українським.}}</ref>

===Recovered scores===
After his death, Berezovsky's music was largely forgotten, until the middle of the 19th century, when it was once again performed. The interest this created led to more research on the composer being undertaken. Analysis of his music ceased during the [[Russian Revolution]], when more of his music was lost.{{sfn|Shulgina|2020|p=174}} Since the 1950s, previously lost works by Berezovsky have been discovered, performed again, and recorded for the first time, and his music has since been actively promoted.<ref name="Yur" />&nbsp;

In 1998, the musicologist [[Christoph Wolff]]<ref name="Pro" /> found six volumes of manuscripts containing 28 anonymous choral works composed by Berezovsky or Galuppi. Included are nearly all of Berezovsky's concerts published and known at the time, his liturgy, a communion hymn, and works that were previously considered lost. The documents, originally from the Library of the [[Sing-Akademie zu Berlin]],{{sfn|Shulgina|2020|p=174}} had been taken to Kyiv by the [[Red Army]] after World War II, the most important finds (about a fifth) going to Moscow.<ref name="Pro">{{cite news |last1=Prokaza |first1=Darya |title=Музичні сенсації. Що ховається у львівських архівах |url=https://www.istpravda.com.ua/articles/2017/12/13/151798/view_print/ |access-date=24 October 2023 |work=Ukrainian Pravda |date=13 December 2017 |page=|trans-title=Musical sensations: What is hidden in the Lviv archives |language=uk}}</ref> The manuscripts, which had been stored and catalogued at the Kyiv Conservatory by the Soviets, were gifted to Germany by the Ukrainian government.{{sfn|Shulgina|2020|p=174}} In exchange, Germany gave manuscripts of Ukrainian composers to Ukraine.&nbsp;Among these were works by Berezovsky.<ref name="Pro" />

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book|last1=Azeev |first1=Evstafiy Stepanovich |title=На Литургии |url=https://viewer.rsl.ru/ru/rsl01001996735?page=31&rotate=0&theme=white |publisher=[[Russian State Library]] |page=|trans-title=At the Liturgy |language=ru |date=1914}}
* {{cite book| first=Larisa |last=Ivchenko |title=Три симфонії |date=2021 |publisher=Muzychna Ukraina |location=Kyiv |page=|trans-title=Maxim Berezovsky: Three Symphonies |url=https://muzunion.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Berezovsky_score.pdf |language=}}
* {{cite book |last1=Jaffé |first1=Daniel |title=Historical Dictionary of Russian Music |date=2012 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-08108-7-980-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=65ZrAwAAQBAJ}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Karabits |editor1-first=Kirill |editor1-link=Kirill Karabits |title=Три симфонії |date=2021 |publisher=Muzychna Ukraina |location=Kyiv |page=|trans-title=Maxim Berezovsky: Three Symphonies |url=https://muzunion.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Berezovsky_score.pdf |language=uk}}
* {{cite book |last1=Korniy |first1=Lydia Pylypyvna |title=Історія української музики |date=1998 |publisher=P. Kotz |location=Kharkiv; New York |isbn= |oclc=978701286 |url= http://irbis-nbuv.gov.ua/ulib/item/UKR0008718 |pages= |volume=1 |edition= |language=uk |trans-title=History of Ukrainian Music}}
* {{cite Grove |last1=Kuzma |first1=Marika |author-link= |date=2001 |title=Berezovs′ky, Maksym Sozontovych|url= https://doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.02764 |url-access=subscription }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Lebedeva-Emelina |first1=Antonina |title=Лебедева-Емелина А. В. Биографика композиторов екатерининской эпохи: соотношение документов, легенд и мифов |journal=IMTI |date=2017 |issue=17 |pages=36{{ndash}}38 |url=https://imti.sias.ru/upload/iblock/132/imti_2017_17_3_78_lebedeva_emelina.pdf |trans-title=Biographic Writings on the Composers of the Era of Catherine the Great: Correlation Between Documents, Legends, And Myths}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Rakochi |first1=V. |title=Рукописи Не Горять, або Симфонія До-Мажор Максима Березовського |journal=Art Studies Studios |date=2018 |volume=1 |pages=45{{ndash}}54 |url=https://sm.etnolog.org.ua/zmist/2018/1/45.pdf |trans-title=Manuscripts do not burn, or Maxim Berezovsky's Symphony in C major |publisher=National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |language=uk |issn=1728-6875}}
* {{cite book |last1=Ritzarev |first1=Marina |title=Композитор М.С. Березовский: жизнь и творчество |trans-title=Composer M.S. Berezovsky: Life and Work |date=1983 |publisher=Muzyka |location=Leningrad |isbn=|oclc=15856456 |language=ru}}
* {{cite book |last1=Ritzarev |first1=Marina |title=Eighteenth-Century Russian Music |date=2006 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-13515-6-860-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FNxosVOlSRoC}}
* {{cite book|last1=Shulgina |first1=V.D. |title=Cultural and Arts Studies of National Academy of Culture and Arts Management |url=http://catalog.liha-pres.eu/index.php/liha-pres/catalog/book/72 |location=Kyiv |publisher=[[Russian State Library]] |page= |chapter=Unique Manuscripts and Printed Documents of Ukrainian Musical Culture of the 18th Century |chapter-url=http://catalog.liha-pres.eu/index.php/liha-pres/catalog/view/72/816/1780-1 |language= |date=2020 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Shumilina |first1=Olga |title=Композитор максим березовський: огляд прижиттєвих документальних матеріялів (до 270-річчя від дня народження) |journal=українська музика [Ukrainian Music] |date=2015 |volume=18 |trans-title=Composer Maxim Berezovsky: a review of documentary materials during his lifetime (for the 270th anniversary of his birth) |pages=77{{ndash}}84 |url=https://ukrmus.files.wordpress.com/2017/07/2015-4-n18-10.pdf}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Shumilina |first1=Olga |title=Реконструкція Біографічного Сценарію Життєтворчості М. Березовського У Світлі Основних Положень Концепції Вікового Музикознавства Н. Савицької |journal=українська музика [Ukrainian Music] |date=2018 |volume=29 |issue=3 |trans-title=Reconstruction of the biographical scenario of the life of M. Berezovsky in the light of the main provisions of the concept of age musicology |pages=21{{ndash}}28 |url=https://ukrmus.files.wordpress.com/2019/01/2018-3-n29-05.pdf}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Shumilina |first1=Olga |title=Італійські Періоди Життєтворчості Максима Березовського Та Їх Роль У Становленні Індивідуального Музичного Стилю |journal=Scientific Herald |date=2019 |issue=126 |pages=93–101 |url=http://naukvisnyknmau.com.ua/article/view/197976 |trans-title=The Italian periods of Maxim Berezovsky's creative life and their role in the formation of individual musical style |publisher=Tchaikovsky National Music Academy of Ukraine |doi=10.31318/2522-4190.2019.126.197976 |language=uk |issn=2522-4204}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Shumilina |first1=Olga Anatolyivna |title=Сонатна Форма Вінструментальних Творах Максима Березовського |journal=Journal of the National Music Academy of Ukraine Named After P. I. Tchaikovsky |date=2020 |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=6{{ndash}}16 |doi=10.31318/2414-052x.1(46).2020.198489 |url=http://chasopysnmau.com.ua/article/view/198489/200819 |trans-title=Sonata form in the instrumental works of Maxim Berezovsky |language=uk |issn=2414-052X|doi-access=free }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Shumilina |first1=Olga |title=Клавірні Сонати Синьйора Бера З Краківського Рукопису І Чеська Музична Культура Другої Половини Хvііі Століття |journal=українська музика [Ukrainian Music] |date=2021 |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=24{{ndash}}32 |doi=10.32782/2224-0926-2021-3-2 |url=http://journals.lnma.lviv.ua/index.php/ukrmuzyka/article/view/37/36 |trans-title=Signor Ber's Piano Sonatas From the Krakow Manuscript and Czech Musical Culture of the Second Half of the 18th Century |language=uk}}
* {{cite book |last1=Stites |first1=Richard |author-link=Richard Stites |title=Serfdom, Society, and the Arts in Imperial Russia: The Pleasure and the Power |date=2008 |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-03001-2-818-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OT1ZAwAAQBAJ}}
* {{cite book |last1=Suprun-Yaremko |first1=Nadia |title=Поліфонія: Посібник для студ.вищих навч.муз.заклад |date=2014 |publisher=Nova Knyha |location=Vinnytsia, Ukraine |isbn=978-96638-2-510-6 |page=|trans-title=Polyphony: A Guide for Students of Higher Educational Institutions of music |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q9auCQAAQBAJ}}
* Yurchenko, Mstyslav (2001). Text of booklet to the CD ''Sacred Music by Maksym Berezovsky''
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Yurchenko |editor1-first=Mstyslav |title=Newly Discovered Choral Concerti Part A – Concerti for Four Voices |date=2018 |publisher=Komora Publishing House |location=Kyiv |isbn=978-617-7286-40-9 |page=|volume=5: Maksym Merezovsky |edition=|series=Anthology of Ukrainian Sacred Music: Works by Ukrainian Composers |url=https://ufdm.org.ua/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Verstka7-sm.pdf |language=}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite journal |last1=Lebedeva-Emelina |first1=Antonina |title=Биографика композиторов екатерининской эпохи: соотношение документов, легенд и мифов |journal=Искусство музыки: теория и история [The Art of Music: theory and history] |date=2017 |issue=17 |url=https://imti.sias.ru/upload/iblock/132/imti_2017_17_3_78_lebedeva_emelina.pdf |trans-title=Biographic writings on the composers of the era of Catherine the Great: the correlation between documents, legends, and myths |publisher=State Institute of Art Studies |language=ru |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last1=Matsenko |first1=Pavlo |title=Дмитро Степанович Бортнянський і Максим Созонтович Березовський |date=1951 |publisher=Ukrainian Cultural and Education Centre |location=Wiinepeg, Canada |trans-title=Dmytro Stepanovych Bortnians′ky i Maksym Sozontovych Berezovs′ky |pages=23{{ndash}}29 |url=https://diasporiana.org.ua/wp-content/uploads/books/27023/file.pdf |ref=none |language=uk}}
* {{cite web |last1=Ritzarev |first1=Marina |title=Концертный стиль 1760-1770-х годов в творчестве М. Березовского и Б. Галуппи Источник |url=https://opentextnn.ru/music/muzykalnye-jepohi/xviii-v/m-rycareva-koncertnyj-stil-1760-1770-h-godov-v-tvorchestve-m-berezovskogo-i-b-galuppi-72-07-kb/ |publisher=Открытый текст [Open Text] |access-date= |ref=none |page=|trans-title=Concert style of the 1760–1770s in the works of M. Berezovsky and B. Galuppi |language=ru |date=12 October 2019}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Shumilina |first1=Olga Anatolyevna |title=Мифы о Максиме Березовском: причины появления и пути преодоления |journal=Вестник музыкальной науки [Music Science Bulletin] |date=2018 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=12{{ndash}}19 |url=https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/mify-o-maksime-berezovskom-prichiny-poyavleniya-i-puti-preodoleniya |ref=none |trans-title=Myths about Maxim Berezovsky: reasons for their emergence and ways to overcome them |language=ru}}
*{{cite conference |url=https://knmau.com.ua/wp-content/uploads/Zbirka-materialiv-konferentsiyi.pdf |title=Хто такий Синьор Beresciollo? |first=Olga Anatolyevna |last=Shumilina  |author= |author-link= |date=2021 |conference=Fifth International Research-Practice Conference |conference-url= |editor= |volume= |edition= |book-title=Україна. Європа. Світ. Історія та імена в культурномистецьких рефлексіях: Матеріали п'ятої міжнародної Науково-практичної Конференції [Ukraine, Europe, the World: History and names in cultural and artistic reflections materials of the Fifth International Scientific and Practical Conference] |publisher= |archive-url= |archive-date= |location=Kyiv  |pages=254{{ndash}}258 |format= |id= |isbn= |bibcode= |oclc= |doi= |access-date= |quote= |language=uk |page= |at= |trans-title= |ref=none}}
* {{cite journal |url=http://chasopysnmau.com.ua/article/view/278208 |title=Опера "Селевк" у творчому житті Максима Березовськоґо |trans-title=The opera "Seleuco" in the creative life of Maksym Berezovsky |language=uk |last=Shumilina |first=Olga Anatolyevna |date=2022 |issn=2414-052X |doi=10.31318/2414-052X.3-4(56-57).2022.278208 |issue=3-4(56-57)  |pages=97–112 |journal=Часопис Національної музичної академії України імені П.І.Чайковського|ref=none|doi-access=free }}

===Fiction===
* {{cite book |last1=Kolisnichenko |first1=Yuriy |last2=Plachinda |first2=Serhiy |title=Неопалима купина |date=1971 |orig-year=1968 |publisher=Trident Press Ltd. |location=Winnipeg, Canada |page=|trans-title=Burning Bush |url=https://diasporiana.org.ua/ukrainica/kolisnichenko-yu-plachynda-s-neopalyma-kupyna-ch-1/ |ref=none |chapter=|volume=Maksym Berezowsky, Artem Wedel – Historical Novels}}
* {{cite book |last1=Kukulnik |first1=N. |title=Максим Созонтович Березовский |date=1844 |publisher=Wikisource (Russian) |url=https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_(%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA) |ref=none |language=ru}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* {{ChoralWiki|Maksim Sozontovich Berezovsky}}
* {{IMSLP|id=Berezovsky%2C_Maksym}}
* [https://www.orthodoxchoral.org/composers/maksim-berezovsky?locale=en&page=all Sacred works by Berezovsky] at the Orthodox Sacred Music Reference Library website {{registration required}}
* [https://pratum.ru/xviii/berezovski.html Maxim Berezovsky – Symphony in C major: Allegro molto – Andante – Presto] from Pratum Integrum, which includes a performance of the work
* [https://rusneb.ru/catalog/000200_000018_RU_NLR_ONIZ_208420/ Score of "Do not reject me in my old age"] (1842) from the National Electronic Library of the [[Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation]]
* [https://vechirniy.kyiv.ua/news/47922/ A 2020 article in celebration of Berezovsky's 275th anniversary] from ''[[Evening Kyiv]]'' (in Ukrainian)

===Manuscripts===
* [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b10863112f Sonata per Violino (Violin sonata)] from the [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]] ({{lang|fr|département Musique}}, D-11688).

{{Authority control|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Berezovsky, Maksym}}
[[Category:1740s births]]
[[Category:1777 deaths]]
[[Category:18th-century classical composers]]
[[Category:Classical composers of church music]]
[[Category:Classical-period composers]]
[[Category:Opera composers from the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:People from Hlukhiv]]
[[Category:People from the Cossack Hetmanate]]
[[Category:Russian male classical composers]]
[[Category:Russian male opera singers]]
[[Category:Ukrainian classical composers]]
[[Category:Ukrainian male opera singers]]
[[Category:Ukrainian opera composers]]
[[Category:Ukrainian people in the Russian Empire]]