View source for Max Geldray

{{Short description|Dutch jazz harmonica player (1916–2004)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2011}}
<!-- Please do not include an infobox on this article without prior discussion on the talk page. -->
[[File:Max Geldray.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|{{center|Max Geldray}}]]

'''Max van Gelder''' (12 February 1916&nbsp;– 2 October 2004), professionally known as '''Max Geldray''', was a Dutch [[jazz]] [[harmonica]] player. Best known for providing musical interludes for the [[BBC]] radio comedy programme ''[[The Goon Show]]'', he was also credited as being the first harmonica player to embrace the jazz style.

Geldray was born in the Netherlands and played jazz in the United Kingdom, Belgium, France and his home country, before settling in Britain at the outbreak of the Second World War; he was wounded during the [[Invasion of Normandy]]. He appeared in nearly every episode of ''The Goon Show'' from 1951 until the end of the show's run in 1960, providing one of the musical interludes and the closing music for each programme, as well as sometimes taking brief speaking roles. After ''The Goon Show'' series ended, Geldray settled in the US, where he worked as an entertainer in the Reno casinos alongside performers such as [[Sarah Vaughan]] and [[Billy Daniels]]. Moving to Palm Springs, he eventually became a part-time counsellor at the [[Betty Ford Center]]. He was married twice and had one son. Geldray died in October 2004, aged 88.

==Early life (1916–46)==

Geldray was born Max Leon van Gelder, on 12 February 1916 in [[Amsterdam]], [[Netherlands]], to [[Jewish]] parents.<ref name="D Tel Obit" /> His father, Leon van Gelder, was a commercial traveller, and his mother was Margarite, née Baillosterky.<ref name="Leigh DNB" /> By 1922, Leon was the European Manager for Maja perfume and the family moved out of Amsterdam to [[Bilthoven]].{{sfn|Geldray|1989|p=15}} Both parents could play the piano—Leon was self-taught and played by ear, while Margarite was classically trained—and it was Leon who started to teach Geldray how to play.{{sfn|Geldray|1989|p=16}} He developed love of [[jazz]] music after hearing [[Louis Armstrong]] on the radio in 1928; Geldray later wrote "how could anyone ''not'' love its energy, its vitality and the freedom of its form? And Louis Armstrong among all the players, became something special to me".{{sfn|Geldray|1989|p=18}}
[[File:Django Reinhardt (Gottlieb 07301).jpg|thumb|left|220px|[[Django Reinhardt]], friend and playing companion of Geldray]]
In February 1930, Geldray heard a mouth organ played on [[BBC Radio]] and mentioned the performance to a friend, Hans Mossel, owner of a music shop in Amsterdam; Mossel had ordered a [[chromatic harmonica]] the previous week and gave it to Geldray, who practised assiduously.{{sfn|Geldray|1989|pp=24–25}} By 1934, Geldray had made some appearances on Dutch radio{{sfn|Geldray|1989|p=25}} and formed a band with eight others; an agent named Franklin billed the group as "Mac {{sic}} Geldray and his Mouth Accordion Band", changing the surname of the principal to the name he retained for the rest of his life.{{sfn|Geldray|1989|p=28}} With his performances, Geldray became the first person to play the harmonica in the jazz style.<ref>{{cite news|title=Goons musician Max Geldray dies|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3717500.stm|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=5 October 2004|location=London}}</ref> A change in the format of the band to a quartet and the introduction of a new manager led to a six-week tour of English theatres in 1937, accompanying the comedian Tom Moss; the band changed its name to "The Hollander Boys".<ref name="Independent Obit" /> During the tour, Moss introduced Geldray to [[Jack Hylton]], who invited him to play in his orchestra for the evening.{{sfn|Geldray|1989|p=35}}

On his return to the Netherlands, the harmonica band broke up and Geldray travelled alone to Brussels, where he found work playing with the dance orchestra at the club [[Le Boeuf sur le Toit (cabaret)|Le Boeuf sur le Toit]], where he remained for a year.{{sfn|Geldray|1989|p=41}} He then worked with a dance band in The Hague, before joining the house band at the Ostend Casino, the Johnny Fresno Band .<ref name="Times Obit" /> He would meet performers who were booked to play the casino on occasion, including saxophonist [[Coleman Hawkins]], the English bandleader [[Ambrose (bandleader)|Ambrose]] and French bandleader [[Ray Ventura (pianist)|Ray Ventura]].<ref name="D Tel Obit" /> Ventura soon offered Geldray a job and in 1937 Geldray moved to Paris.<ref name="Leigh DNB" /> While in Paris, he went to the ''[[Hot Club de France]]'' and played with jazz guitarist [[Django Reinhardt]],<ref name="D Tel Obit" /> a musician about whom Geldray asserted, "I can honestly say that I have never heard anyone better".{{sfn|Geldray|1989|p=51}} The two became close friends and played together often.<ref name="Guardian Obit" /> With the [[Battle of France|invasion of France]] by German forces in early 1940, Geldray travelled to England as a [[Engelandvaarder]], where he realised he would be safer.<ref name="Leigh DNB" /> On 20 September 1940, he joined the [[Royal Netherlands Motorized Infantry Brigade]], part of the Dutch army exiled in England.{{sfn|Geldray|1989|p=88}}{{efn|On 26 August 1941 the Royal Netherlands Motorized Infantry Brigade received the title "Prinses Irene Brigade", in honour of [[Princess Irene of the Netherlands]], the daughter of [[Juliana of the Netherlands|Queen Juliana]] and [[Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands]].{{sfn|Thomas|1991|p=17}}}} During the war he continued to play and appeared on [[BBC Radio]]; in 1942 he was part of the entertainment laid on for [[Elizabeth II|Princess Elizabeth's]] sixteenth birthday at [[Windsor Castle]].<ref name="Independent Obit" /> During the course of 1942, Geldray also met Sarah Prentice, a 26-year-old Scottish variety artiste, whose professional name was Zaza Peters;{{sfn|Geldray|1989|pp=156–157}} the couple married on 18 January 1943.<ref name="Leigh DNB" />

Geldray took part in the [[Normandy landings]] with the [[Royal Netherlands Motorized Infantry Brigade|Prinses Irene Brigade]], but was injured by a bomb blast and spent time in a military hospital.<ref name="Times Obit" /> Although he did not incur long-term injuries, he suffered from recurring nightmares in the following years.<ref name="Leigh DNB" /> After the liberation of Amsterdam, Geldray travelled to the city to find his parents who had been resident when the Germans invaded. He found that both parents and his sister Xaviere had been killed in a [[Nazi concentration camps|concentration camp]] by the Nazis.<ref name="Leigh DNB" /> At the end of the war, Geldray returned to Paris and once again found work with Ray Ventura's orchestra for two years, before returning to London in 1947.<ref name="D Tel Obit" /><ref name="Guardian Obit" />

==BBC years (1947–61)==

[[File:Goons.jpeg|thumb|alt=Peter Sellers, Spike Milligan and Harry Secombe pose around a BBC microphone|[[Peter Sellers]] (top), with [[Spike Milligan]] (left) and [[Harry Secombe]] (right) in ''[[The Goon Show]]'']]

Settling in London, Geldray took up British citizenship,<ref name="Stage obit" /> and worked on a number of BBC radio programmes, such as [[Workers' Playtime (radio programme)|''Workers' Playtime'']], ''Melody Magazine'' and ''Forces' All-Star Bill''.<ref name="D Tel Obit" /><ref name="Times Obit" /> In 1951, he provided the musical interludes for a new BBC series ''Crazy People'', a comedy show that starred [[Harry Secombe]], [[Peter Sellers]], [[Spike Milligan]], and [[Michael Bentine]].{{sfn|Wilmut|Grafton|1981|p=37}} ''Crazy People'' changed its name for subsequent series to ''[[The Goon Show]]'' and Geldray was a regular performer in the remaining nine series.{{sfn|Farnes|1997|pp=189–192}} The show followed a successful format of a vague plot interspersed by two musical performances; the BBC used the same structure for several radio series.{{sfn|Wilmut|Grafton|1981|p=14}} In ''The Goon Show'', the musical segments were taken up by Geldray and The [[Ray Ellington]] Quartet,{{sfn|Wilmut|Grafton|1981|p=47}} with Geldray also playing "[[Crazy Rhythm]]" for the play-out music.<ref name="Leigh DNB" /> On occasion, Geldray was given brief lines to perform, although he felt uncomfortable doing so, and his lack of acting ability became a running gag on the programme.<ref name="Times Obit" /> Geldray was also the butt of some of the Goon jokes and humour: he was referred to throughout the programmes as "Conks", on account of his nose, and his performances were often humorously dismissed by the announcer [[Wallace Greenslade]], with such comments as: "That was Mr Max Geldray playing a harmonica. We thought you ought to know what it was, anyhow."<ref name="Times Obit" />

In the early 1950s, Geldray's marriage ended in divorce, after the relationship had "burned itself out",{{sfn|Geldray|1989|p=157}} and he began a relationship with a dancer, Barbara.{{sfn|Geldray|1989|p=158}} In 1956, Geldray appeared in three television comedy shows produced by [[ITV (network)|ITV]] and starring the Goons: ''[[The Idiot Weekly, Price 2d]]'' (broadcast 24 February – 23 April 1956),{{sfn|Rigelsford|2004|p=165}} ''[[A Show Called Fred]]'' (broadcast 2–30 May 1956){{sfn|Rigelsford|2004|p=165}} and ''[[Son of Fred]]'' (broadcast 17 September – 5 November 1956).{{sfn|Rigelsford|2004|p=166}}<ref name="Independent Obit" /> In 1957, he released an album, ''Goon with the Wind'', which was produced by [[George Martin]] and released on the [[Parlophone]] label.{{sfn|Larkin|1998|p=159}} Later that year, Geldray also appeared in ''Hancock's 43 Minutes'', the Christmas edition of ''[[Hancock's Half Hour]]'', broadcast on 23 December 1957.{{sfn|Webber|2005|p=262}} In 1958, the BBC proposed dropping Geldray from ''The Goon Show'' in a cost-cutting measure; Peter Sellers threatened to leave the series, and Geldray remained.<ref name="Leigh DNB" /><ref name="Independent Obit" />

''The Goon Show'' finished its ten-series run on 28 January 1960.{{sfn|Farnes|1997|pp=189–192}} In 1961, with his six-year relationship with Barbara at an end, Geldray worked as an entertainer on four trips on the [[RMS Queen Elizabeth|RMS ''Queen Elizabeth'']].<ref name="D Tel Obit" /> On visiting Los Angeles he was impressed by the city and decided to emigrate to the US.<ref name="Guardian Obit" />

==Moving to the US (1961–2004)==

Geldray worked in the casinos of Reno, appearing with [[Sarah Vaughan]] and [[Billy Daniels]]; he did not like the city, so returned to Los Angeles.<ref name="D Tel Obit" /> In 1962, he met a divorcee with three children, Susan Donofrio; the couple married that year,<ref name="Leigh DNB" /> and in 1964 they had a son, Philip.{{sfn|Geldray|1989|p=163}} Geldray worked for a period as a sales assistant in a clothes shop before becoming the regional sales supervisor for ''[[The Christian Science Monitor]]''.<ref name="Guardian Obit" />

In 1972, Geldray returned to the UK to appear in ''[[The Last Goon Show of All]]'', a special programme recorded on 30 April and broadcast on 5 October 1972 to mark the 50th anniversary of the BBC.{{sfn|Wilmut|Grafton|1981|p=74}} When the BBC refused to pay to fly Geldray from the US, two of the show's cast—Spike Milligan and Peter Sellers—contributed to his expenses.{{sfn|Carpenter|2004|p=291}}
After the performance, at the [[Koko (venue)|Camden Theatre]], [[Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon|Princess Margaret]] came backstage and asked if she could be introduced to Geldray as she was an admirer of his playing.<ref name="Leigh DNB" />

In 1973, Geldray and his family moved to Palm Springs to look after his ailing stepfather; he also played harmonica in the local Trinidad Bar.<ref name="Guardian Obit" />{{sfn|Geldray|1989|p=172}} A local doctor approached him after one set and asked if Geldray would put on a show at his [[stroke]] centre,<ref name="D Tel Obit" /> which led to Geldray undertaking voluntary work teaching stroke victims to play the harmonica.{{sfn|Geldray|1989|pp=172–173}} Following the death of Geldray's youngest step-son, Timmy, Susan Geldray began drinking to excess,{{sfn|Geldray|1989|p=174}} and she underwent treatment at the [[Betty Ford Center]].<ref name="Guardian Obit" /> Geldray volunteered to help at the clinic and qualified as a counsellor and technician.<ref name="Times Obit" /> To raise funds for the clinic he started "Jazz without Booze", a series of concerts, which included prominent local musicians, including [[Stan Getz]].<ref name="D Tel Obit" /> In 1989, Geldray published his autobiography, ''Goon With the Wind'', using the same title as he had for his 1957 album.<ref>{{cite web|title=Goon with the wind / Max Geldray with John R. Vance.|url=http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01010109008&indx=1&recIds=BLL01010109008&recIdxs=0&elementId=&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&dscnt=0&frbrVersion=&vl(174399379UI0)=any&scp.scps=scope%3A(BLCONTENT)&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1344517248826&srt=rank&mode=Basic&gathStatTab=true&tb=t&vl(freeText0)=goon%2Bwith%2Bthe%2Bwind&vid=BLVU1&frbg=&dum=true|publisher=[[British Library]]|access-date=9 August 2012|location=London}}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Geldray died in Palm Springs of natural causes on 2 October 2004 at the age of 88.<ref name="Stage obit" />

== Notes and references ==

'''Notes'''

{{notes}}

'''References'''

{{reflist
| colwidth = 25em
| refs =

<ref name="Stage obit">
{{cite news|last=Hepple|first=Peter|title=Max Geldray|newspaper=[[The Stage]]|date=14 October 2004|location=London|page=22
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Leigh DNB">
{{cite ODNB|last=Leigh|first=Spencer|title=Max Geldray (1916–2004)|year=2008|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/94327|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/94327|access-date=1 August 2012}} {{subscription required}}
</ref>

<ref name="D Tel Obit">
{{cite news|title=Obituary: Max Geldray|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=8 October 2004|location=London|page=31
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Guardian Obit">
{{cite news|last=Barker|first=Dennis|title=Obituary: Max Geldray|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=9 October 2004|location=London|page=29
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Times Obit">
{{cite news|title=Obituary: Max Geldray|newspaper=[[The Times]]|date=9 October 2004|location=London|page=51
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Independent Obit">
{{cite news|last=Leigh|first=Spencer|title=Obituary: Max Geldray|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|date=7 October 2004|location=London|page=43
}}
</ref>

}}

== Bibliography ==
{{refbegin|30em}}

* {{cite book|last=Carpenter|first=Humphrey|author-link=Humphrey Carpenter|title=Spike Milligan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dF9zDXmpsI0C&pg=PP1|publisher=[[Hodder & Stoughton]]|location=London|year=2004|isbn=978-0-340-82612-6}}
*{{cite book | last=Farnes | first=Norma | title=The Goons: The Story | date= 6 November 1997 |  publisher=[[Virgin Books]] | location=London | isbn=1-85227-679-7 }}
* {{cite book|last=Geldray|first=Max|title=Goon with the Wind|publisher=[[Anova Books|Robson Books]]|location=London|year=1989|isbn=978-0-86051-578-4}}
* {{cite book|last=Larkin|first=Colin|author-link=Colin Larkin (writer)|title=The Virgin Encyclopedia of Fifties Music|publisher=[[Virgin Books]]|location=London|year=1998|isbn=978-0-7535-0268-6}}
* {{cite book | last = Rigelsford | first = Adrian | author-link = Adrian Rigelsford | year = 2004 | title = Peter Sellers: A Life in Character | publisher = [[Virgin Books]] | location = London | isbn = 978-0-7535-0270-9 }}
* {{cite book|last=Thomas|first=Nigel|title=Foreign Volunteers of the Allied Forces 1939–45|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PsSZSQt8VLcC&pg=PP1|publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]]|location=Oxford|year=1991|isbn=978-1-85532-136-6}}
* {{cite book|last=Webber|first=Richard|title=Fifty years of Hancock's half hour|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c3-gxwTNLaIC&pg=PP1|publisher=[[Random House|Arrow Books]]|location=London|year=2005|isbn=978-1-4464-0998-5}}
* {{cite book|last1=Wilmut|first1=Roger| last2=Grafton|first2=Jimmy|authorlink1=Roger Wilmut|authorlink2=Jimmy Grafton|title=The Goon Show Companion: A History and Goonography|publisher=[[Anova Books|Robson Books]]|location=London|year=1981|isbn=0-903895-64-1}}

{{refend}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20220124201044/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba83d6e07 Max Geldray] at the [[British Film Institute]]{{better source needed|reason=Help request: a live link can be searched for at https://collections-search.bfi.org.uk/web/search/expert - if available, replace the archive URL with the live link. Or if none found, remove this 'better source needed' template. | date=October 2023}}
* {{IMDb name}}

{{Authority control}}

{{good article}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Geldray, Max}}
[[Category:1916 births]]
[[Category:2004 deaths]]
[[Category:Dutch jazz musicians]]
[[Category:Jazz harmonica players]]
[[Category:Dutch harmonica players]]
[[Category:British television personalities]]
[[Category:Musicians from Amsterdam]]
[[Category:Jewish Dutch musicians]]
[[Category:Royal Netherlands Army personnel of World War II]]