View source for Marudai

{{short description|Tool used in kumihimo braiding}}
{{italic title}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2017}}
[[Image:Kumihimo a.jpg|thumb|200px]]

A {{Nihongo3|{{lit|round stand}}|丸台|'''marudai'''}} is the most common of the traditional frames used for making {{transliteration|ja|[[kumihimo]]}}, a type of [[Japan]]ese braid.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Braids : 250 patterns from Japan, Peru & beyond|last=Owen|first=Rodrick (1931-)|date=2004|publisher=Lacis|isbn=1893063089|location=Berkeley, California|oclc=79431006}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
The marudai is generally made of a close-grained wood and consists of a round disk ({{transliteration|ja|kagami}} or "mirror")<ref name=":0" /> with a hole in the center, supported by four legs set in a base. The Japanese style {{transliteration|ja|marudai}} is often about {{cvt|16|in|cm}} high and is used while kneeling or when placed on a table. The Western style {{cvt|26|in|cm}} {{transliteration|ja|marudai}} allows the braider to sit in a chair to braid.

The [[Warp and weft|warp]] threads that form the braid are wound around weighted [[bobbin]]s called {{nihongo3|{{lit|egg}}||tama}}.<ref name=":0" /> {{transliteration|ja|Tama}} were once made of clay{{When|date=January 2024}}, but now are most commonly wood filled with lead. The weight of the {{transliteration|ja|tama}} maintains even tension on the warp threads, and is balanced by a bag of counterweights called {{transliteration|ja|omori}}<ref name=":0" /> that is attached to the base of the braid.

Modern braiders often replace the {{transliteration|ja|marudai}} with a [[Polystyrene foam|foam]] disk with numbered slots that tightly grip the warp threads to maintain warp tension, so that weighted bobbins are not needed; instead, flexible plastic bobbins are used to prevent tangling of the threads. Unlike {{transliteration|ja|[[kumihimo]]}} disks, {{transliteration|ja|marudai}} have no indication of where the thread should be placed; it is done freehand.

== Related terms ==
* {{transliteration|ja|Kagami}} – "Mirror", the polished wooden top disk of the {{transliteration|ja|marudai}}.<ref name=":0" />
* {{transliteration|ja|Kongō Gumi}} – a class of patterns for round cord all involving eight threads folded in half for a total of sixteen strands. In clockwise order, each bobbins is moved to the opposite side. When different combinations of thread color are used, many interesting patterns emerge, including diagonal stripes, diamonds on a background, triangles resembling hearts, and tiny six-petalled flowers. {{transliteration|ja|Kongō Gumi}} is named for the venerable [[Kongō Gumi]] company of Japan, the oldest known company in the world.
* {{transliteration|ja|[[Kumihimo]]}} or {{transliteration|ja|kumi himo}} – Japanese for "gathered threads".
* {{transliteration|ja|[[Obi (sash)|Obi]]}} – the broad cloth sash worn with [[kimono]]; {{transliteration|ja|kumihimo}} braids are often used as {{transliteration|ja|obijime}}, worn on top of the {{transliteration|ja|obi}}.
* {{transliteration|ja|Obijime}} – the cord used to fasten the {{transliteration|ja|obi}} securely in some {{transliteration|ja|obi}} styles. Usually one string of {{transliteration|ja|kumihimo}} is tied around the {{transliteration|ja|obi}} securely, and an accessory called the {{transliteration|ja|obidome}} is often added in front for decoration.
* {{transliteration|ja|Omori}} – Counterweights used in {{transliteration|ja|kumihimo}} braiding.<ref name=":0" />
* {{transliteration|ja|[[Takadai]]}} – a rectangular or square frame for {{transliteration|ja|kumihimo}}.
* {{transliteration|ja|Tama}} – little spools. The thread is kept from unwinding by passing the thread under itself, forming a loop around the {{transliteration|ja|tama}}.  
*True silk – a hollow fiber with a rough surface that resists slipping past the loop unless gently pulled. For synthetic fibers, a flexible plastic "clamshell" bobbin may be preferable.

[[Image:Tama_bobin.jpg|thumb|200px|alt=Several small wooden bobbins, each with a length of thread tied around them.|A number of {{transliteration|ja|tama}} in use.]]
[[Image:Marudai_braids.jpg|thumb|200px|alt=Several lengths of colourfully-woven braids on a cream background.|Example {{transliteration|ja|kumihimo}} of several different styles.]]

== Further reading ==
*Yamaoka, Kazuharu Issei. (1975) ''Domyo no kimihimo : marudai, yotsu-uchidai'' [Domyo style kumihimo]. Tokyo : Shufunotomo Publication (Handicraft series). {{Oclc|703820275}}, {{JPNO|75076336}} {{in lang|Ja}}
*Kyōto Kimono Gakuin. (1979) A Step to kimono and kumihimo. Pasadena, Calif: International College of California. {{OCLC|5658813}}.
* Carey, Jacqui. (1994) Creative Kumihimo. Torquay: Devonshire Press. {{ISBN|0952322501|9780952322504}}, {{OCLC|888120089}}. 
*Tada, Makiko. (1996) ''Andesu No Kumihimo: Kādo to Marudai''. [Andean sling braids]. (Kumihimo sōran series, 2) [[Hino, Tokyo|Hino]] : Tekusuto. 2nd ed., {{in lang|ja}} with some English. {{ISBN|4925252127|9784925252126}}, {{Oclc|977659717}} .
* Carey, Jacqui. (1997) The Craft of Kumihimo. New York: Midpoint Trade Books, In. {{ISBN|9780855328283|0855328282}}, {{OCLC|903504434}}.
* Carey, Jacqui. (1997) Beginner's Guide to Braiding, the Craft of Kumihimo. Tunbridge Wells : Search Press. {{ISBN|0855328282|9780855328283}}, {{Oclc|472775122}} 
*Tada, Makiko (2008). ''Tada Makiko Kumihimo-ten : dento no bi to sentan gijutsu'' [Makiko Tada kumihimo show : traditional beauty and the latest technics]. Naruse Memorial Hall (ed). Tokyo : [[Japan Women's College of Physical Education|Japan Women's College]] (Tsukuru series 5). {{NCID|BB19346894}}. {{in lang|Ja}}
*Sakai, Aiko; Tada, Makiko. ''E o mite wakaru kumihimo : Tanoshiku dekiru marudai kakudai ayadake-dai'' [Visual guide to kumihimo : practice on marudai, kakudai, and ayadake-dai with fun], Japan Vogue, {{Oclc|676423318}}. {{in lang|Ja}}
* Owen, Rodrick. (1995) Braids: 250 Patterns from Japan, Peru & Beyond. Loveland, Colo. : Interweave Press, {{Isbn|1883010063|9781883010065}}, {{Oclc|31754981}}. Softcover ed., Berkeley, CA : Lacis, 2004. {{Oclc|79431006}}<!-- can’t find an edition by Lacis : Unicorn Publications. -->
*Tada, Makiko. (April 2014) Marudai braids 120.(Comprehensive treatise of braids  1), 3rd ed., Hino  : Tekusuto. {{in lang|ja}} with some English. {{OCLC|676423383}}
* Chottikampon K.; Mathurosemontri S.; Marui H.; Sirisuwan P.; Inoda M., et al.  (2015) ''Comparison of braiding skills between expert and non-experts by eye’s movement measurement.'' Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 9184 (2015): 14-23 {{ISSN|0302-9743}}, {{OCLC|5932476964}} 
*Tada, Makiko. (2017). ''Utsukushii kumihimo to komono no reshipi: marudai de tsukuru honkakuteki na kumihimo o mijika na dōgu de yasashiku kawaiku''. [Beautiful kumihimo recipes for marudai you braid with everyday tools, fun and pretty] Tōkyō :  Nihon Bungeisha. {{Isbn|9784537214901|4537214902}}, {{Oclc|995846156}}. {{in lang|Ja}}

== Footnotes ==

===References===
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Braids]]
[[Category:Handicrafts]]
[[Category:Ropework]]
[[Category:Manufacturing]]
[[Category:Hobbies]]
[[Category:Wood]]
[[Category:Japanese words and phrases]]