View source for Martin Johnson Heade

{{Short description|American painter (1819–1904)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2024}} {{Use American English|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox artist
| image         = Martin-johnson-heade.jpg
| image_size    = 220 px
| caption       =
| birth_name    =
| birth_date    = {{birth date |1819|8|11}}
| birth_place   = [[Lumberville, Pennsylvania]], U.S.
| death_date    = {{death date and age |1904|9|4|1819|8|11}}
| death_place   = [[St. Augustine, Florida]], U.S.
| nationality   = [[United States|American]]
| known_for     = [[Painting]], [[landscape art]], [[still life]]
| training      =
| movement      = [[Hudson River School]] (occasionally disputed); [[Luminism (American art style)|Luminism]]
| notable_works = ''[[Cattleya Orchid and Three Hummingbirds]]'';<br /> ''[[Sunlight and Shadow: The Newbury Marshes]]'';<br />''{{nobr|[[Giant Magnolias on a Blue Velvet Cloth]]}}''
| patrons       = [[Henry Morrison Flagler]]
| awards        = 
}}

'''Martin Johnson Heade''' (August 11, 1819 – September 4, 1904) was an American [[Painting|painter]] known for his [[salt marsh]] [[Landscape art|landscapes]], [[seascape]]s, and depictions of hummingbirds, often depicted with orchids, as well as lotus blossoms and other [[still life]]s. His painting style and subject matter, while derived from the [[romanticism]] of the time, are regarded by art historians as a significant departure from those of his peers.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Elizabeth Leto |last1=Fulton |first2=Richard |last2=Newman |first3=Jean |last3=Woodward |first4=Jim |last4=Wright |title=The Methods and Materials of Martin Johnson Heade |journal=The Journal of the American Institute for Conservation |date=Summer 2002 |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=155–184 |doi=10.1179/019713602806112922 |jstor=3179791|s2cid=191647373 }}</ref>

Heade was born in [[Lumberville, Pennsylvania]], the son of a storekeeper. He studied with [[Edward Hicks]], and possibly with Thomas Hicks. His earliest works were produced during the 1840s and were chiefly portraits. He travelled to Europe several times as a young man, became an itinerant artist on American shores, and exhibited in Philadelphia in 1841 and New York in 1843. Friendships with artists of the [[Hudson River School]] led to an interest in [[landscape art]]. In 1863, he planned to publish a volume of Brazilian hummingbirds and tropical flowers, but the project was eventually abandoned. He travelled to the tropics several times thereafter, and continued to paint birds and flowers. Heade married in 1883 and moved to [[St. Augustine, Florida]]. His chief works from this period were Floridian landscapes and flowers, particularly magnolias laid upon velvet cloth. His best known works are depictions of light and shadow upon the salt marshes of New England.

Heade was not a widely known artist during his lifetime, but his work attracted the notice of scholars, art historians, and collectors during the 1940s. He quickly became recognized as a major American artist. Although he was often considered a [[Hudson River School]] artist, some critics and scholars take exception to this categorization. Heade's works are now in major museums and collections. His paintings are occasionally discovered in unlikely places such as garage sales and flea markets.

==Childhood and early career==
Heade was born in 1819 and was raised in [[Lumberville, Pennsylvania]]. Lumberville was a small hamlet, along the [[Delaware River]] in [[Bucks County, Pennsylvania]].<ref name="Columbus Museum of Art p.12">{{citation |editor-last=Roberts |editor-first=Norma J. |title=The American Collections |publisher=[[Columbus Museum of Art]] |year=1988 |isbn=0-8109-1811-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/americancollecti0000colu/page/12 12] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/americancollecti0000colu/page/12 }}.</ref> Until the mid-1850s, his family ran what is now called the Lumberville Store and Post Office, the village's sole general store. The family spelling of the name was Heed.

Heade received his first art training from the folk artist [[Edward Hicks]], who lived in nearby Newtown, and possibly also from Edward's cousin, Thomas Hicks.<ref name="Columbus Museum of Art p.12" /> Heade was painting by 1839; his earliest known work is a portrait from that year.<ref name="Columbus Museum of Art p.12" /> He traveled abroad and lived in Rome for two years. He first exhibited his work in 1841, at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts]] in Philadelphia, and again in 1843 at the [[National Academy of Design]] in New York.<ref name="Columbus Museum of Art p.12" /> Heade began exhibiting regularly in 1848, after another trip to Europe, and became an itinerant artist until he settled in New York in 1859.<ref>Biographical Note. [http://www.aaa.si.edu/collectionsonline/headmart/index.cfm Martin Johnson Heade papers, 1853–1904]. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.</ref>

==Transition to landscape painting==
[[Image:Martin Johnson Heade - Singing Beach, Manchester.jpg|left|thumb|''Singing Beach, Manchester, Massachusetts'', 1862]]
[[File:Martin Johnson Heade Approaching Thunderstorm ATC.jpg|thumb|308x308px|''Approaching Thunder Storm'', Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, 1859, [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]]]
Around 1857 Heade became interested in [[landscape art|landscape]] painting, partly by meeting the established artists [[John Frederick Kensett]] and [[Benjamin Champney]] in the [[White Mountains (New Hampshire)|White Mountains]] of [[New Hampshire]]. Heade moved to [[New York City]] and took a studio in the Tenth Street Studio Building, which housed many of the famous Hudson River School artists of the time, such as [[Albert Bierstadt]], [[Sanford Gifford]], and [[Frederic Edwin Church]].<ref name="Columbus Museum of Art p.12" /> He became socially and professionally acquainted with them, and struck up a particularly close friendship with Church. Landscapes would ultimately form a third of Heade's total oeuvre.<ref name="Columbus Museum of Art p.12" />
{{clear}}

==Tropical subjects==
[[File:Martin Johnson Heade-Cattleya Orchid and Three Brazilian Hummingbirds.jpg|thumb|''[[Cattleya Orchid and Three Hummingbirds]]'', 1871]]

Heade's interest in the tropics was piqued at least partly by the impact of [[Frederic Edwin Church|Church]]'s monumental painting ''[[Heart of the Andes]]'' (1859), now in the collection of the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]. Heade travelled in [[Brazil]] from 1863 to 1864, where he painted an extensive series of small works, eventually numbering over forty, depicting [[hummingbird]]s. He intended the series for a planned book titled "The Gems of Brazil", but the book was never published due to financial difficulty and Heade's concerns about the quality of the reproductions. Heade nevertheless returned to the tropics twice, in 1866 journeying to [[Nicaragua]], and in 1870 to [[Colombia]], [[Panama]], and [[Jamaica]]. He continued to paint romantic works of tropical birds and lush foliage into his late career.

==Salt marsh scenes==

[[Image:HeadeMartinJohnsonSunlightAndShadow.jpg|left|thumb|''[[Sunlight and Shadow: The Newbury Marshes]]'', 1871–1875]]

Heade's primary interest in [[landscape art|landscape]], and the works for which he is perhaps best known today, was the New England coastal [[salt marsh]]. Contrary to typical Hudson River School displays of scenic mountains, valleys, and waterfalls, Heade's marsh landscapes avoided depictions of grandeur. They focused instead on the horizontal expanse of subdued scenery, and employed repeating motifs that included small haystacks and diminutive figures. Heade also concentrated on the depiction of light and atmosphere in his marsh scenes. These and similar works have led some historians to characterize Heade as a [[Luminism (American art style)|Luminist]] painter. In 1883 Heade moved to [[Saint Augustine, Florida]] and took as his primary landscape subject the surrounding subtropical marshland.

==Later life and still lifes==
[[File:Martin Johnson Heade Giant Magnolias on a Blue Velvet Cloth NGA.jpg|thumb|''[[Giant Magnolias on a Blue Velvet Cloth]]'', 1890]]

Heade married and moved to [[St. Augustine, Florida]] in 1883.<ref name="Columbus Museum of Art p.12" /> He remained there and continued to paint until his death in 1904.<ref name="Columbus Museum of Art p.12" /> During his later years in St. Augustine, Heade painted numerous still lifes of southern flowers, especially [[magnolia]] blossoms laid on velvet. This was a continuation of an interest in still life that Heade had developed since the 1860s. His earlier works in this genre typically depict a display of flowers arranged in an ornate vase of small or medium size on a cloth-covered table. Heade was the only 19th-century American artist to create such an extensive body of work in both still life and [[landscape art|landscape]].

Heade died in St. Augustine in 1904.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nga.gov/cgi-bin/tbio?tperson=1381&type=a |author=National Gallery of Art |title=Martin Johnson Heade (American, 1819–1904) |access-date=January 9, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090509140146/http://www.nga.gov/cgi-bin/tbio?tperson=1381 |archive-date=May 9, 2009 }}</ref>

==Heade and the Hudson River School==
Art historians have come to disagree with the common view that Heade is a [[Hudson River School]] painter, a view given wide currency by Heade's inclusion in a landmark exhibition of Hudson River School [[landscape art|landscape]]s at the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] in 1987.

[[File:MJ Heade Lake George, 1862.jpg|thumb|left|''Lake George'', 1862]]

The leading Heade scholar and author of Heade's [[catalogue raisonné]], [[Theodore Stebbins|Theodore E. Stebbins, Jr.]], wrote some years after the 1987 exhibition, "Other scholars—myself included—have increasingly come to doubt that Heade is most usefully seen as standing within that school."

According to the Heade catalogue raisonné, only around 40 percent of his paintings were landscapes. The remaining majority were still lifes, paintings of birds, and portraits, subjects unrelated to the Hudson River School. Of Heade's [[landscape art|landscape]]s, perhaps only 25 percent had traditional Hudson River School subject matter.

Heade had less interest in topographically accurate views than the Hudson River painters, and instead focused on mood and the effects of light. Stebbins wrote, "If the paintings of the shore as well as the more conventional compositions...might lead one to think of Heade as a Hudson River School painter, the [marsh scenes] make it clear that he was not."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Stebbins Jr. |first1=Theodore E. | title=The Life and Work of Martin Johnson Heade: A Critical Analysis and Catalogue Raisonné |location=New Haven |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-0300081831 |oclc=247135724}}</ref>

==Legacy and collections==
Heade was not a famous artist during his time, and for much of the first part of the 20th century was nearly forgotten.<ref name="Columbus Museum of Art p.12" /> A re-awakening of interest in 19th-century American art around [[World War II]] sparked new appreciation of his work. Heade's work in particular received critical attention with the exhibition in 1943 of his painting ''Thunderstorm On Narragansett Bay'' (1868), as part of the show "Romantic Painting in America" at the [[Museum of Modern Art]].<ref name="Columbus Museum of Art p.12" /> Art historians have come to consider him one of the most important American artists of his generation. His work has inspired contemporary artists such as [[Renee McGinnis]], [[David Bierk]] and [[Ian Hornak]].

His works are in most major American museums, including the [[Museum of Fine Arts, Boston|Museum of Fine Arts]] in [[Boston, Massachusetts]], which owns the largest amount of his works, including about 30 paintings as well as numerous drawings and sketchbooks, the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City and the [[National Gallery of Art]] in [[Washington, D.C.]]

In 1955, Robert McIntyre, art historian and director of the Macbeth Gallery, donated a cache of Heade's personal papers to the [[Archives of American Art]], part of the [[Smithsonian Institution]]. These papers included, among other things, Heade's sketchbook, notes, and letters from his friend and fellow artist [[Frederic Edwin Church]]. In 2007, these papers were digitized and made accessible on the Web.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sova.si.edu/record/AAA.headmart?f=online_visual_material%3Atrue&s=5220&n=10&t=C&q=*%3A*&i=5220 |title=A Finding Aid to the Martin Johnson Heade Papers, 1853-1904, in the Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |accessdate=2022-05-22 }}</ref>

In 1999 and 2000, Heade was the subject of a major exhibition organized by Theodore E. Stebbins, Jr. It traveled from the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston to the National Gallery of Art in Washington, ending at the [[Los Angeles County Museum of Art]].<ref>{{cite news |title=A Late Bloomer |last=Knight |first=Christopher |authorlink=Christopher Knight (art critic) |work=The Los Angeles Times |date=May 29, 2000 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-may-29-ca-35144-story.html}}</ref>

In 2004, Heade was honored with a stamp from the [[U.S. Postal Service]] featuring his 1890 oil-on-canvas painting, "Giant Magnolias on a Blue Velvet Cloth."<ref>United States Postal Service Press Release, [http://www.usps.com/communications/news/stamps/2004/sr04_050.htm Art of Martin Johnson Heade is First-Class Choice for USPS Postage Stamp] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071207201611/http://www.usps.com/communications/news/stamps/2004/sr04_050.htm |date=2007-12-07 }}. July 22, 2004.</ref> As Stebbins notes in his writings, Heade's work has also been copied and forged extensively. Since Heade was not popular during his lifetime, there were few contemporaries who emulated his work. 20th century copies are therefore readily apparent as fakes, since it takes oil paint decades to dry out and harden.

===Discoveries of works by Heade===
[[Theodore Stebbins, Jr.]], now curator of American art at the Harvard University Art Museums,
writes, "...one of the things that has always made the study of Heade's work exciting is the way his paintings continue to turn up in garage sales and other unlikely places all over the country, in a manner that the paintings of Frederic E. Church and [[John F. Kensett]] do not." Stebbins speculates the reason for this was Heade's popularity with middle-class buyers, and his willingness to distribute his works widely across the country. Among the more notable of Heade's discoveries are:
* ''Thunderstorm on Narragansett Bay'', now in the collection of the [[Amon Carter Museum|Amon Carter Museum of American Art]], Fort Worth, Texas, was originally discovered in an antiques store in Larchmont, New York, in 1943 by NYC art dealer Victor Spark.
*''Magnolia Blossoms on Blue Velvet'' and ''Cherokee Roses'', now in private collections, were purchased at an estate sale in Arizona for $60 in 1996. They sold at [[Christie's]] auction house later that year for $937,500 and $134,500 respectively.
*''Two Magnolias on Blue Plush'' was originally purchased for $29 at a rummage sale by a Wisconsin man in 1989. It sold at Christie's auction house in 1999 for $882,500. It is now in the collection of James W. McGlothlin of Bristol, Virginia.
*''Magnolias on Gold Velvet Cloth'' was used to cover a hole in the wall of an Indiana resident for years. The owner became curious about the value of the painting after playing an [[Masterpiece (game)|art-related board game]], and verified its authenticity with a New York art gallery.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/06/04/arts/painting-packs-a-million-dollar-surprise.html|title=Painting Packs a Million-Dollar Surprise|last=Dobrzynski|first=Judith H. |date=4 June 1999|work=New York Times|access-date=2009-08-26}}</ref> The Museum of Fine Arts in Houston purchased the work for $1,250,000 in 1999.
* An unnamed Heade salt marsh [[landscape art|landscape]] now titled "River Scene" was discovered in the attic of a Boston-area resident in 2003. It sold at a local auction house to an art dealer for $1,006,250 and was featured on the [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]] television show, "Find!". It was purchased by a private collector, and is now on view at the Fogg Art Museum in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
* In 2004 a Florida woman was informed of the Heade discovery featured on "Find!" by her son, and inquired about a small 6 by 12&nbsp;inch landscape that had hung in her living room. The painting, which her late husband had purchased for several dollars in St. Augustine in the 1970s, was authenticated as a late Heade marsh landscape. It sold at auction to an art dealer for $218,500.
* A painting was found in a Massachusetts attic in 2006 and consigned to a local auction in Fall River. The painting was authenticated by Dr. Theodore Stebbins, Jr. as a Heade, having been painted between 1883 and 1890 in St. Augustine, Florida. It sold for $198,000 on November 22, 2006. {{Citation needed|date=February 2011}}

===Fakes===
On the other hand, an unknown number of Heade's were faked. In 2012, Ken Perenyi (born 1947) disclosed in his book, ''Caveat Emptor'' how he forged numerous works purporting to be by Heade and other American masters. He avoided prosecution because he published his book after the [[statute of limitations]] had elapsed.<ref>{{cite book |title=Caveat Emptor: The Secret Life of an American Art Forger |last=Perenyi |first=Ken |year=2012 |publisher=Pegasus Books |location=New York |isbn= 978-1605983608 }}</ref>

==Works==

<gallery widths="140" heights="140">
MJ Heade Portrait of a Man, 1840.jpg|''Portrait of a Man'', 1840, Boston Museum of Fine Arts

MJ Heade Rocks in New England, 1855.jpg|''Rocks in New England'', 1855, Boston Museum of Fine Arts

MJ Heade Mary Rebecca Clark, 1857.jpg|''Mary Rebecca Clark'', 1857, Boston Museum of Fine Arts

MJ Heade Rhode Island Landscape, 1859.jpg|''Rhode Island Landscape'', 1859, Boston Museum of Fine Arts

Approaching Thunder Storm MET DP248013.jpg|''[[Approaching Thunder Storm]]'', 1859, Metropolitan Museum of Art

Seascape - Sunset.jpg|''Seascape: Sunset'', 1861, Detroit Institute of Arts

Martin Johnson Heade - Singing Beach, Manchester.jpg|''Singing Beach, Manchester'', 1862, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum

Martin Johnson Heade - Singing Beach, Manchester, Massachusetts.jpg|''Singing Beach, Manchester, Machassusetts'', 1863, de Young (Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco)

MJ Heade Hunters Resting, 1863.jpg|''Hunters Resting'', 1863, Boston Museum of Fine Art

Martin Johnson Heade - A Vase of Corn Lilies and Heliotrope.jpg|''A Vase of Corn Lilies and Heliotrope'', 1863, Saint Louis Art Museum

Martin Johnson Heade - Sunset, Newburyport Meadows.jpg|''Sunset, Newburyport Meadows'', 1863, Saint Louis Art Museum

Sudden Shower Newbury Marshes by Martin Johnson Heade.jpeg|''Sudden Showers, Newbury Marshes'', {{circa|1865}}–1875, Yale University Art Gallery

Martin Johnson Heade - The Marshes at Rhode Island.jpg|''The Marshes at Rhode Island'', 1866, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum

Martin Johnson Heade -Thunder Storm on Narragansett Bay ATC.jpg|''Thunder Storm on Narragansett Bay'', 1868, Amon Carter Museum of American Art

Martin Johnson Heade - Sunrise in Nicaragua.jpg|''Sunrise in Nicaragua'', 1869, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum

MJ Heade Passion Flowers and Hummingbirds.jpg|''Passion Flowers with Hummingbirds'', {{circa|1870}}–1883, Boston Museum of Fine Arts

Martin Johnson Head, Orchid and Hummingbirds Near a Mountain Lake.jpg|''[[Orchid and Hummingbirds near a Mountain Lake]]'', {{circa|1870}}–1890, McMullen Museum of Art

Orchid with Two Hummingbirds 1871.jpeg|''Orchid with Two Hummingbirds'', 1871, Reynolda House Museum of American Art

Martin Johnson Heade - Jersey Marshes.jpg|''Jersey Marshes'', 1874, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum

Martin Johnson Heade, Orchids and Hummingbirds, signed M.J. Heade, l.l. Oil on canvas, 1875-90.jpg|''Orchids and Hummingbirds'', {{circa|1875}}–1890, Private collection<ref>[https://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2011/american-paintings-drawings-sculpture/lot.8.html Sotheby's, New York, 1 December 2011, lot 8]. </ref>

MJ Heade Orchids and Spray Orchids with Hummingbird.jpg|''Orchids and Spray Orchids with Hummingbird'', {{circa|1875}}–1890, Boston Museum of Fine Arts

Martin Johnson Heade 001.jpg|''Orchid, Passion Flowers and Hummingbird'', 1880, Private collection

Martin Johnson Heade - Orchid and Hummingbird 1885.jpg|''Orchid and Hummingbird'', 1885, de Young (Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco)

On the San Sebastian River Florida Martin Johnson Heade.jpeg|''On the San Sebastian River, Florida'', {{circa|1883}}–1890, Greenville County Museum of Art

MJ Heade Magnolia Grandiflora 1885-1895.jpg|''Magnolia Grandiflora'', {{circa|1885}}–1895, Boston Museum of Fine Arts

Florida River Scene Early Evening After Sunset Martin Johnson Heade.jpeg|''Florida River Scene: Early Evening, After Sunset'', {{circa|1887}}–1900,  Gilcrease Museum

San Diego, 2016 - 416 (cropped).jpg|''[[The Magnolia Blossom]]'', 1888, Timken Museum of Art

MJ Heade Sunset Over the Marshes 1890-1904.jpg|''Sunset Over the Marshes'', {{circa|1890}}–1904, Boston Museum of Fine Arts

Martin Johnson Heade - Orchid and Hummingbird near a Mountain Waterfall.jpg|''Orchid and Hummingbird near a Mountain Waterfall'', 1902, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum

Martin Johnson Heade -Blue Morpho Butterfly ATC.jpg|''Blue Morpho Butterfly'', Date unknown, Manoogian Collection

</gallery>

==See also==
{{Portal|Visual Arts}}
*[[List of Hudson River School artists]]
*[[Ponce de Leon Artist Colony]]
{{Clear}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book |author1=Wilton, Andrew |author2=Barringer, Tim | title=American Sublime: Landscape Painting in the United States 1820–1880| location=Princeton | publisher=The Princeton University Press| year=2002| isbn=0-691-09670-8}}
*{{cite book |last1=Stebbins Jr. |first1=Theodore E. | title=The Life and Work of Martin Johnson Heade: A Critical Analysis and Catalogue Raisonné| location=New Haven | publisher=Yale University Press| year=2000 | isbn=0-300-08183-9}}
*{{cite book |last1=Stebbins Jr. |first1=Theodore E. |last2=Comey |first2=Janet L. |title=Martin Johnson Heade |location=Boston | publisher=Museum of Fine Arts |year=1999 |isbn=0-87846-466-2 |oclc=717533031}}
*{{cite book | author=Benfey, Christopher | title=A Summer of Hummingbirds: Love, Art, and Scandal in the Intersecting Worlds of Emily Dickinson, Mark Twain, Harriet Beecher Stowe, & Martin Johnson Heade | year=2008 | location=New York | publisher=Penguin Books | isbn=978-1-59420-160-8 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/summerofhummingb0000benf }}

==External links==
{{Commons-inline}}
*[http://www.martin-johnson-heade.org 218 paintings by Martin Johnson Heade]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130613095228/http://whitemountainart.com/ArtistGalleries/gal_mjh.htm White Mountain paintings by Martin Johnson Heade]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061102182239/http://www.hollistaggart.com/artists/heade.htm Martin Johnson Heade Biography: Hollis Taggart Galleries]
*{{cite web |url=http://www.lawforart.com/heade.html |title=The Law and Martin Johnson Heade |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160607024941/http://www.lawforart.com/heade.html |archivedate=2016-06-07 |first=Francis G. |last=Pennarola}}
*[http://www.topofart.com/artists/Martin_Johnson_Heade/ Heade paintings]
*[http://www.aaa.si.edu/collectionsonline/headmart/ Martin Johnson Heade papers online at the Smithsonian Archives of American Art]
*[http://www.museothyssen.org/en/thyssen/ficha_artista/263 Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza] Biography and Works: Martin Johnson Heade
*[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/38038/rec/39 ''American Paradise: The World of the Hudson River School''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Heade (see index)
* {{Find a Grave|7869376}}

{{Martin Johnson Heade}}
{{Hudson River School}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Heade, Martin Johnson}}
[[Category:1819 births]]
[[Category:1904 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century American painters]]
[[Category:American male painters]]
[[Category:20th-century American painters]]
[[Category:Hudson River School painters]]
[[Category:Burials at the Cemetery of the Evergreens]]
[[Category:American landscape painters]]
[[Category:Luminism (American art style)]]
[[Category:American marine artists]]
[[Category:American bird artists]]
[[Category:19th-century American male artists]]
[[Category:20th-century American male artists]]