View source for Marquee element

{{Short description|HTML element for scrolling text}}
[[File:HTML marquee.ogv|thumb|A video of an HTML marquee displaying the text "Wikipedia".]]
{{HTML}}
The '''marquee tag''' is a non-standard [[HTML]] element which causes text to scroll up, down, left or right automatically. The tag was first introduced in early versions of [[Microsoft]]'s [[Internet Explorer]], and was compared to [[Netscape (web browser)|Netscape]]'s [[blink element]], as a proprietary non-standard extension to the HTML standard with usability problems. The [[W3C]] advises against its use in HTML documents.

== Usability problems ==
Marquee can be distracting<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usabilityfirst.com/glossary/marquee/ |title=Glossary » marquee |work=Usability First |publisher=Foraker |accessdate=2010-03-14 }}</ref> because the human eye is attracted to movement,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rochestercitynewspaper.com/news/articles/2009/05/ADVERTISING-Study-shows-that-eyes-will-forsake-words-for-movement/ |title=Study shows that eyes will forsake words for movement |author=Tim Louis Macaluso |date=2009-05-27 |work=Rochester City Newspaper |accessdate=2010-03-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090601183515/http://www.rochestercitynewspaper.com/news/articles/2009/05/ADVERTISING-Study-shows-that-eyes-will-forsake-words-for-movement/ |archivedate=2009-06-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and marquee text is constantly moving.

As with the [[blink element]], marquee-tagged images or text are not always completely visible on rendered pages, making printing such pages an inefficient (if not impossible) task; typically multiple attempts are required to capture all text that could be displayed where messages scroll or blink. The <code>behavior="alternate"</code> version of marquee makes text jitter back and forth but does not obscure any part of it if scrolling widths are set correctly.

Because marquee text moves, links within it are more difficult to click than those in static text, depending on the speed and length of the scrolling. Users only get one chance every time it scrolls past. Also, scrolling text too fast can make it unreadable to some people, particularly those with visual impairments. This can easily frustrate users. To combat this, [[client-side scripting]] allows marquees to be programmed to stop when the mouse is over them.

== Attributes ==
{{Quote box
| width = 250px
| class = noprint
| quote = <div style="font-size: 100%; color:#FF0000;">{{marquee|This is the new WikiPedia!}}</div>
| source = Example of marquee text from the [[first Wikipedia edit]] (accomplished via CSS; the marquee tag itself is deprecated)
}}
Unlike its blinking counterpart, the marquee element has several [[HTML#Attributes|attributes]] that can be used to control and adjust the appearance of the marquee.

;<code>align</code>
: Uses the same syntax as the [[HTML element#img|img]] element.
;<code>behavior</code>: Allows the user to set the behavior of the marquee to one of three different types:
:*''Scroll'' (default) – Scrolls the text from right-to-left, and restarts at the right side of the marquee when it has reached the left side. Text disappears when looping finishes.
:*''Slide'' – When used in absence of the "Behavior" attribute, contents to be scrolled will slide the entire length of marquee but stops the moment it hits the end, so that the contents will be displayed. But if it is used with attribute "Behavior" then the attribute "Slide" will be ignored. 
Loops are counted by each time it reaches each end of the marquee; a loop of 1 is different from "Slide" attribute. when item is being scrolled with "Slide" attribute, item will stop permanently at the end of length of the marquee, displaying the entire item. However, when an item is being scrolled without a "Loop" attribute, the number of scrolls will be repeated according to what number "Loop" is equal to. If "Loop=1" then item will scroll only once and will exit the length of marquee completely, while the item being scrolled will stop would be the same as "Slide". By default, "Loop=infinite" so it is not needed to code the attribute "Loop" if you want a non-stop scroll. Note: "Loop" will be ignored if attribute "Behavior" is coded. Also, if "Behavior=Alternate" and "Loop=2" then item will go from beginning of the Marquee to the end and back to the beginning, counting a round trip as 2 loops. 
:*''Alternate'' - Scrolls the text from right-to-left & goes back left-to-right.
;<code>bgcolor</code>: Sets the background color of the marquee.
;<code>direction</code>: Sets the direction of the marquee box. Values are left, right, up, down where the value indicates the direction of travel. <code>direction=left</code> therefore moves the text from right to left on the screen.
;<code>width</code>: This sets how wide the marquee should be.
;<code>loop</code>: This sets how many times the marquee should "Loop" its text. Each trip counts as one loop.
;<code>scrollamount</code>: This is how many pixels the text moves between "frames". So scrollamount=1 gives the slowest scroll speed. 
;<code>scrolldelay</code>: This sets the amount of time, in milliseconds, between "frames", much like watching a replay of a video where every frame of the video would be paused for x number of milliseconds. "Scrolldelay=1000" means a slow motion where every frame lasts one thousand milliseconds or one second.

A marquee element can contain arbitrary HTML, so in addition to text it could move one or more images, movie clips, or animated [[GIF]]s.

== Implementation ==
The marquee tag has been deprecated in most browsers, but the same behavior can still be implemented with [[Cascading Style Sheets]], like this:
<syntaxhighlight lang="css" line="1">
@keyframes marquee {
    0% {
        transform: translateX(100%);
    }
    100% {
        transform: translateX(-100%);
    }
}

.marquee-container {
    white-space: nowrap;
    overflow: hidden;
    position: relative;
    animation: marquee 10s linear infinite;
}

.marquee-content {
    display: inline-block;
}
</syntaxhighlight>
The animation, <code>marquee</code>, is defined by its <code>@keyframes</code> to be a simple translation from right to left; it would be possible to reverse the animation by inverting it (from -100% to 100%, for example). The <code>10s</code> can also be modified to alter its output.

The style can then be invoked in HTML:
<syntaxhighlight lang="html" line="1">
<div class="marquee-container"><div class="marquee-content">The freakin' geese are on the lease!</div></div>
</syntaxhighlight>
{{Quote box
| width = 100%|{{marquee|The freakin' geese are on the lease!}}
}}

{{clear}}

== Compliance ==
The marquee element was first invented for [[Microsoft]]'s [[Internet Explorer]] and is supported by it. [[Mozilla Firefox|Firefox]], [[Google Chrome|Chrome]] and [[Safari (web browser)|Safari]] web browsers support it for compatibility with legacy pages. The element is non-compliant [[HTML]]. [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] properties were proposed to achieve the same effect as specified in the Marquee Module Level 3, which was abandoned without implementation in 2014.<ref>[https://www.w3.org/TR/css3-marquee/ CSS Marquee Module Level 3]</ref> Similar effects can also be achieved through the use of [[JavaScript]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Sharp|first=Remy|title=The Silky Smooth Marquee|url=https://remysharp.com/2008/09/10/the-silky-smooth-marquee/|accessdate=20 July 2005|date=10 September 2008}}</ref> or [[CSS animations|CSS3 animations]].<ref>[http://demo.masscode.ru/limarquee liMarquee - alternative marquee jQuery plugin.] Creates horizontal or vertical marquee for text, images, goods, banners or logos</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:HTML tags]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:Web 1.0]]