View source for Marit Nybakk

{{Short description|Norwegian politician}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix =
| name             = Marit Nybakk
| honorific-suffix = [[Member of Parliament#Norway|MP]]
| image            = Nordiska radets session i Helsingfors (5).jpg 
| caption          =
| office1          = [[Member of parliament#Norway|Member of Parliament]]<br/>for [[Oslo]]
| term_start1      = 9 May 1986
| term_end1        = 30 September 2017
| predecessor1     = [[Gro Harlem Brundtland]]
| office2          = 31st [[President of the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights|President]] of the [[Norwegian Association for Women's Rights]]
| term_start2      = 21 May 2016
| term_end2        = 16 June 2018
| predecessor2     = [[Margunn Bjørnholt]]
| successor2       = [[Karin M. Bruzelius]]
| office3          = [[Storting|Third Vice President of the Storting]]
| term_start3      = 8 October 2009
| term_end3        = 30 September 2013
| president3       = [[Dag Terje Andersen]]
| predecessor3     = Position established 
| successor3       = [[Svein Roald Hansen]]
| office4          = [[Storting|First Vice President of the Storting]]
| term_start4      = 8 October 2013 
| term_end4        = 30 September 2017
| president4       = [[Olemic Thommessen]]
| predecessor4     = [[Øyvind Korsberg]]
| successor4       = [[Eva Kristin Hansen]]
| office5          = [[Nordic Council|President of the Nordic Council]]
| term_start5      = 1 January 2013
| term_end5        = 31 December 2013
| predecessor5     = [[Kimmo Sasi]]
| successor5       = [[Karin Åström]]
| birth_date       = {{Birth date and age|1947|2|14|df=y}}
| birth_place      = [[Nord-Odal Municipality|Nord-Odal]], [[Hedmark]], [[Norway]]
| nationality      =  Norwegian
| party            = [[Labour Party (Norway)|Labour]]
}}
'''Marit Nybakk''' (born 14 February 1947, in [[Nord-Odal Municipality|Nord-Odal]]) is a [[Norway|Norwegian]] politician for the [[Norwegian Labour Party|Labour Party]], a former First Vice-president of the Norwegian Parliament, the [[Storting]], and a former President of the [[Nordic Council]]. From 2016 to 2018 she was President of the [[Norwegian Association for Women's Rights]], the preeminent women's and girls' rights organisation in Norway.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marit Nybakk |url=http://kvinnesak.no/presidents/marit-nybakk/ |publisher=[[Norwegian Association for Women's Rights]]}}</ref>

A pragmatic social democrat and a proponent of the [[Third Way]], she became a Member of Parliament in 1986 as the substitute for [[Gro Harlem Brundtland]] when the latter became prime minister. In 2009 she became the Storting's Third Vice President, before becoming First Vice President in 2013. She did not stand for reelection in 2017; at that point she was both Norway's longest-serving incumbent member of parliament and the longest-serving woman of all times. Nybakk served as President of the [[Nordic Council]] for the term 2013.

Nybakk has been one of the Labour Party's principal politicians in [[Foreign policy|foreign]] and [[Military policy|defence]] affairs since the 1990s and has been her party's spokesperson on defence. She was Chairman of the [[Standing Committee on Defence]] between 2001 and 2005 and Vice Chairman of the [[Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs]] between 2005 and 2009. She is a former leader of the [[Socialist Group (NATO Parliamentary Assembly)|Socialist Group]] in the [[NATO Parliamentary Assembly]].

==Education==
Nybakk studied English, French, and political science in Oslo, Paris and Cambridge, and graduated with the [[cand.mag.]] degree at the [[University of Oslo]] in 1972. She also studied theatre and drama in [[Stratford-upon-Avon]] in 1974. As a student, she was a member of the university board of the University of Oslo, as the first woman to serve in that body. She was President of the Norwegian Students' and Academics' International Assistance Fund 1977–1981.<ref name="stortingetbio">{{stortingetbio|MN}}</ref>

==Political career==
===Member of Parliament===
Nybakk was elected as a deputy member of the Parliament of Norway, the [[Storting]], for the [[Oslo (Storting constituency)|Oslo constituency]] in 1985. As the deputy of [[Gro Harlem Brundtland]], she became a substitute member of parliament in 1986 when Brundtland became prime minister. She became a full representative in 1987, following the death of Foreign Minister [[Knut Frydenlund]]. Nybakk was reelected as a member of parliament for the Oslo constituency in [[1989 Norwegian parliamentary election|1989]], [[1993 Norwegian parliamentary election|1993]], [[1997 Norwegian parliamentary election|1997]], [[2001 Norwegian parliamentary election|2001]], [[2005 Norwegian parliamentary election|2005]], [[2009 Norwegian parliamentary election|2009]], and [[2013 Norwegian parliamentary election|2013]]. She has for several years been the Labour Party's second candidate from the Oslo constituency, second only to party leader and Prime Minister (now [[NATO]] secretary-general) [[Jens Stoltenberg]].<ref name="stortingetbio" />

Since the 1990s, Nybakk has focused on foreign and defence policy, and has been one of the Labour Party's principal politicians covering this field. She was Chairman of the [[Standing Committee on Defence]] between 2001 and 2005 and Vice Chairman of the [[Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs]] between 2005 and 2009. She is a member of the [[Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and Defence]] and the [[European Committee (Parliament of Norway)|European Committee]], and Chairman of the [[Preparatory Credentials Committee]] during the term 2013–2017.<ref name="stortingetbio" /> Nybakk has also been the Labour Party's spokesperson on defence.

Nybakk was Third Vice President of the Storting during the term 2009–2013, and was elected First Vice President in 2013.<ref name="stortingetbio" />

In 2013 she became both the longest-serving incumbent member of the Norwegian parliament and the longest-serving woman of all times.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2009 |title=Stortingsrepresentantenes alder, fødselsår og ansiennitet 2009-2013 |url=https://www.stortinget.no/no/Stortinget-og-demokratiet/Representantene/Statistikk/Stortingsrepresentantenes-alder-fodselsar-og-ansiennitet-2009-2013/}}</ref>

Nybakk has been a delegate to the [[United Nations General Assembly]] since 2004.

===NATO Parliamentary Assembly===
She was a delegate to the [[NATO Parliamentary Assembly]] from 2005 to 2013, and became leader of the [[Socialist Group (NATO Parliamentary Assembly)|Socialist Group]] in 2009.

===President of the Nordic Council===
In 2012, Nybakk was elected as the President of the [[Nordic Council]] for the term 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marit Nybakk |url=http://www.norden.org/no/personer/marit-nybakk |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212225333/http://www.norden.org/no/personer/marit-nybakk/ |archive-date=2017-02-12 |access-date=2016-04-24 |publisher=[[Nordic Council]]}}</ref> As president, she promoted [[Nordic countries|Nordic]] defence cooperation and increased Nordic cooperation on rescue and emergency services.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vil ha mer nordisk forsvarssamarbeid |url=http://www.forsvarsforeningen.no/hovedside/358-vil-har-mer-nordisk-forsvarssamarbeid |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804222056/http://www.forsvarsforeningen.no/hovedside/358-vil-har-mer-nordisk-forsvarssamarbeid |archive-date=2016-08-04 |access-date=2016-06-10}}</ref>

===Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions===
Nybakk was leader of the Oslo chapter of the [[Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions]] (''LO i Oslo'') from 1992 to 1997.<ref name="stortingetbio" />

===Norwegian Association for Women's Rights===
In May 2016 Nybakk was elected president of the [[Norwegian Association for Women's Rights]], the main Norwegian advocacy group for women's and girls' rights, in succession to sociologist [[Margunn Bjørnholt]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 2016 |title=Marit Nybakk ny leder i Norsk Kvinnesaksforening |url=http://kvinnesak.no/marit-nybakk-ny-leder-i-norsk-kvinnesaksforening |access-date=21 May 2016 |publisher=[[Norwegian Association for Women's Rights]]}}</ref> She was succeeded by Supreme Court Justice [[Karin M. Bruzelius]] on 16 June 2018. She became a board member of the [[Forum for Women and Development]] in November 2016.<ref>[http://www.fokuskvinner.no/no/Om-Fokus/Styret/ Styret], FOKUS Kvinner</ref>

===Other offices===
Nybakk was a member of the council of the [[Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation]] 1978–1988, President of the Advisory Committee for Development Cooperation of the [[Nordic Council of Ministers]] 1984–1989 and President of the [[Council on Foreign Aid]], a public advisory body appointed by the [[Ministry of Development Cooperation (Norway)|Ministry of Development Cooperation]], from 1987 to 1988.

She is a member of the advisory board of the [[Oslo Center]], founded by former Prime Minister [[Kjell Magne Bondevik]], and a member of the council of [[SOS Children's Villages]] in Norway.

== Political positions ==
Nybakk is considered a [[Third Way]] pragmatic social democrat; she is widely described as a member of the right wing of the Labour Party.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ulstein |first=Hege |date=15 August 2004 |title=Hard kamp om plassene i Oslo Ap |url=http://www.siste.no/politikk/hard-kamp-om-plassene-i-oslo-ap/s/1-103-1212462 |website=siste.no}}</ref>

===Foreign and defence policy===
Nybakk supports [[Norway–European Union relations|Norwegian membership]] in the [[European Union]].<ref>[http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/venstre/haaper-venstres-landsmoete-er-enig-med-sponheim/a/542241/ Håper Venstres landsmøte er enig med Sponheim], VG</ref> Like the Labour Party itself and most Norwegian politicians, she supports Norway's [[NATO]] membership.<ref>[http://www.oslomilsamfund.no/files/speech_files/129-2003-02-24-Nybakk.pdf Innledning til diskusjonsaften i Oslo Militære Samfund 24. februar 2003 ved Marit Nybakk] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919115312/http://www.oslomilsamfund.no/files/speech_files/129-2003-02-24-Nybakk.pdf |date=2016-09-19 }}, [[Oslo Militære Samfund]]</ref> She supported the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|war in Afghanistan]], and argued that it liberated women in the country.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 August 2002 |title=– Krigen er kvinnefrigjøring |url=http://www.dagbladet.no/nyheter/2002/08/11/345724.html |publisher=[[Dagbladet]]}}</ref>

===Women's rights===
Nybakk has also advocated women's [[human rights]], especially in states such as Iran and other areas of the Middle East. She was vice chair of the committee for human rights in Iran 1995–1997. In 2015, Nybakk and Liberal Party leader [[Trine Skei Grande]] boycotted a parliamentary delegation visiting Iran due to the requirement that female members would have to wear a [[chador]], which they argued was discriminatory to women.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Boikotter reise til Iran - dagsavisen.no |url=http://www.dagsavisen.no/innenriks/boikotter-reise-til-iran-1.311815}}</ref>

==Publications==
* {{Cite book |year=1999 |editor-last=Nybakk |editor-first=Marit |editor2-last=Kvedalen |editor2-first=Alexander |title=Arbeiderbevegelsens århundre: 100 år i kamp og framgang: en billedkavalkade over viktige hendelser fra fagbevegelsens historie i Oslo |language=no |location=Oslo |publisher=[[Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions|LO]] (Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions)}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Presidents of NKF}}
{{Vice-Presidents of the Storting}}
{{Presidents of the Nordic Council}}
{{Leaders of the Socialist Group in the NATO Parliamentary Assembly}}
{{Stortinget 2013–2017}}
{{Stortinget 2009–2013}}
{{Stortinget 2005–2009}}
{{Stortinget 2001–2005}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nybakk, Marit}}
[[Category:Norwegian women's rights activists]]
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Women members of the Storting]]
[[Category:Vice presidents of the Storting]]
[[Category:Labour Party (Norway) politicians]]
[[Category:People from Nord-Odal]]
[[Category:Politicians from Oslo]]
[[Category:University of Oslo alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Norwegian women politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Norwegian women politicians]]
[[Category:Norwegian Association for Women's Rights people]]
[[Category:Members of the Storting 2001–2005]]
[[Category:Members of the Storting 1993–1997]]
[[Category:Members of the Storting 1997–2001]]
[[Category:Members of the Storting 2005–2009]]
[[Category:Members of the Storting 2009–2013]]
[[Category:Members of the Storting 2013–2017]]
[[Category:Members of the Storting 1989–1993]]
[[Category:Members of the Storting 1985–1989]]