View source for Margaret Tudor

{{Short description|Queen of Scotland from 1503 to 1513}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox royalty
| consort      = yes
| image        = Daniel Mytens (c. 1590-1647) - Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scotland (1489-1541) - RCIN 401181 - Royal Collection (cropped) 2.jpg
| caption      = Portrait by [[Daniel Mytens]], c. 1620–1638
| succession   = [[Queen consort of Scotland]]
| reign        = 8 August 1503 – 9 September 1513
| reign-type   = Tenure
| coronation   = 8 August 1503
| reign-type2  = Regency
| reign2       = 1513–1515<br />1524–1525
| succession2  = [[Regent of Scotland]]
| pre-type2    = Monarch
| predecessor2 = [[James V]]
| spouses      = {{Plainlist|
* {{Marriage|[[James IV of Scotland]]|1503|1513|end=died}}
* {{Marriage|[[Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus]]|1514|1527|end=annulled}}
* {{Marriage|[[Henry Stewart, 1st Lord Methven]]|1528}}}}
| issue        = {{Plainlist|
* [[James V]]
* [[Alexander Stewart, Duke of Ross]]
* [[Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox]]}}
| issue-link   = #Issue
| issue-pipe   = more...
| house        = [[House of Tudor|Tudor]]
| father       = [[Henry VII of England]]
| mother       = [[Elizabeth of York]]
| birth_date   = 29 November 1489
| birth_place  = [[Palace of Westminster]], London, England
| death_date   = 18 October 1541 (aged 51)
| death_place  = [[Methven Castle]], Perthshire, Scotland
| burial_date  = 
| burial_place = [[Perth Charterhouse]]
}}

'''Margaret Tudor''' (29 November 1489 – 18 October 1541) was [[List of Scottish royal consorts|Queen of Scotland]] from 1503 until 1513 by marriage to [[James IV of Scotland|James IV]]. She then served as [[regent]] of Scotland during her son's minority, and fought to extend her regency. Margaret was the eldest daughter and second child of [[Henry VII of England]] and [[Elizabeth of York]], and the elder sister of [[Henry VIII]]. By her line, the [[House of Stuart]] eventually acceded to the throne of [[Kingdom of England|England]] and [[Kingdom of Ireland|Ireland]], in addition to [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]].

Margaret married James IV at the age of 13, in accordance with the [[Treaty of Perpetual Peace]] between England and Scotland. Together, they had six children, though only one of them reached adulthood. Margaret's marriage to James linked the royal houses of England and Scotland, which a century later resulted in the [[Union of the Crowns]]. Following the death of James IV at the [[Battle of Flodden]] in 1513, Margaret, as [[queen dowager]], was appointed as regent for their son [[James V]]. A pro-French party took shape among the nobility, urging that the king's closest male relative, [[John Stewart, Duke of Albany]], should replace Margaret as regent. In seeking allies, Margaret turned to the [[Clan Douglas|Douglases]], and in 1514 she married [[Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus]], with whom she had one daughter, [[Margaret Douglas]]. Margaret's marriage to Angus alienated other powerful nobles and saw Albany take her place as regent. In 1524, Margaret, with the help of the [[Clan Hamilton|Hamiltons]], removed Albany from power in a [[coup d'état]] while he was in [[Kingdom of France|France]], and was recognised by [[Parliament of Scotland|Parliament]] as regent, then later as chief counsellor to James V when he came of age.

In 1527, [[Pope Clement VII]] approved Margaret's [[annulment]] from Angus.<ref>{{cite book |last1=d'Avray |first1=D.L. |title=Dissolving Royal Marriages: A Documentary History, 860–1600 |date=2014 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=220 }}</ref> The following year, she married [[Henry Stewart, 1st Lord Methven|Henry Stewart]], whom the King created [[Lord Methven]]. Through her first and second marriages, Margaret was the grandmother of both [[Mary, Queen of Scots]], and [[Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley]].

== Early life ==

{{Multiple image|image1=Enrique VII de Inglaterra, por un artista anónimo.jpg|image2=British School, 16th century - Elizabeth of York - Haunted Gallery, Hampton Court Palace.jpg|total_width=350|footer=[[Henry VII of England|Henry VII]] and [[Elizabeth of York]], Margaret's parents}}
[[File:Mary Tudor Jar.jpg|thumb|Possible portrait of Margaret or her sister [[Mary Tudor, Queen of France|Mary]]. Painted by [[Bernhard Strigel]], circa 1520.]]

Margaret was born on 29 November 1489 at the [[Palace of Westminster]] in [[London]] to King [[Henry VII of England|Henry VII]] and his wife, [[Elizabeth of York]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Marshall |first=Rosalind Kay |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JW1nAAAAMAAJ |title=Scottish Queens, 1034–1714 |publisher=Tuckwell |date=2003|page=85 |isbn=978-1-86232-271-4 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Chrimes |first=Stanley Bertram |title=Henry VII |publisher=Yale University Press |date=1999|edition=2nd|page=67}}</ref> She was their second child and firstborn daughter. Her siblings included [[Arthur, Prince of Wales]], the future King [[Henry VIII]], and [[Mary Tudor, Queen of France|Mary]], who would briefly become [[Queen of France]]. Margaret was baptised in [[St. Margaret's, Westminster]] on St Andrew's Day.<ref>{{Harvp|Hearne|1774|pp=253–255}}</ref> She was named after [[Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby]], her paternal grandmother.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Marshall |first=Rosalind Kay |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JW1nAAAAMAAJ |title=Scottish Queens, 1034–1714 |publisher=Tuckwell |date=2003 |isbn=978-1-86232-271-4}}</ref> Her nurse was [[Alice Davy]], who later joined the household of [[Catherine of Aragon]].<ref>[[Maria Hayward]], ''Dress at the Court of Henry VIII'' (Maney, 2007), 305.</ref>

On 30 September 1497, James IV's commissioner, the Spaniard [[Pedro de Ayala]] concluded a lengthy truce with England, and the marriage with Margaret became a serious possibility. James was in his late twenties and still unmarried.<ref name="ashley">{{Cite book |last=Ashley |first=Mike |title=The mammoth book of British kings and queens |publisher=Robinson Publishers |date=1999 |isbn=1-84119-096-9 |location=London |page=567}}</ref> Pedro de Ayala heard that both Elizabeth of York and Margaret Beaufort opposed the marriage, contending that Margaret was too young to become a mother.<ref>Lauren Rose Browne, 'Elizabeth of York: Tudor Trophy Wife', Aidan Norrie, ''Tudor and Stuart Consorts: Power, Influence, and Dynasty'' (Palgrave Macmillan, 2022), pp. 30–31.</ref> The Italian historian [[Polydore Vergil]] said that some of the [[Privy Council of England|English royal council]] objected to the match, saying that it would bring the [[House of Stuart|Stewarts]] directly into the line of English succession, to which the wily and astute Henry replied:<blockquote>What then? Should anything of the kind happen (and God avert the omen), I foresee that our realm would suffer no harm, since England would not be absorbed by Scotland, but rather Scotland by England, being the noblest head of the entire island, since there is always less glory and honour in being joined to that which is far the greater, just as Normandy once came under the rule and power of our ancestors the English.<ref>Vergil, Polydore, ''Historia Anglia'', Book 26 Chapter 41, (Latin), translation [http://www.philological.bham.ac.uk/polverg/ University of Birmingham Philogical Museum website]</ref></blockquote>

On 24 January 1502, Scotland and England concluded the [[Treaty of Perpetual Peace]], the first peace agreement between the two realms in over 170 years. The marriage treaty was concluded the same day and was viewed as a guarantee of the new peace. Margaret, who was still a child, remained in England, but was now known as the "Queen of Scots".<ref>Nicholas Harris Nicolas, [https://archive.org/details/privypurseexpens00nicouoft/page/n111/mode/2up ''Privy Purse Expenses of Elizabeth of York'' (London, 1830), pp. cii, 19, 86]</ref>

== Marriage and progress ==
The marriage was completed by [[Proxy marriage|proxy]] on 25 January 1502 at [[Richmond Palace]]. Henry pledged a £10,000 dowry, while James promised his bride £1,000 Scots per annum together with lands and castles yielding a further yearly income of £6,000.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/18052 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.oxforddnb.com |date=2004 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/18052}}</ref> The [[Patrick Hepburn, 1st Earl of Bothwell|Earl of Bothwell]] was proxy for the Scottish king and wore a gown of cloth-of-gold at the ceremony in the Queen's great chamber. He was accompanied by [[Robert Blackadder]], archbishop of Glasgow, and [[Andrew Forman]], postulate of Moray. The [[Somerset Herald|herald]], John Young, reported that "right notable jousts" followed the ceremony. Prizes were awarded the next morning, and the tournament continued another day.<ref>{{Harvp|Hearne|1774|pp=258–264}}</ref>

The new queen was provided with a large wardrobe of clothes, and her crimson state [[bed curtains]] made of Italian [[sarcenet]] were embroidered with red Lancastrian roses. Clothes were also made for her companion, [[Lady Catherine Gordon]], the widow of [[Perkin Warbeck]].<ref>{{Harvp|Bain|1888|pp=419–425}}</ref> The clothes were embroidered by John Flee.<ref>[[Samuel Bentley]], ''Excerpta Historica: Or, Illustrations of English History'' (London, 1831), p. 130.</ref> In May 1503, James IV confirmed her possession of lands and houses in Scotland, including [[Methven Castle]], [[Stirling Castle]], [[Doune Castle]], [[Linlithgow Palace]] and [[Newark Castle, Selkirkshire|Newark Castle]] in [[Ettrick Forest]], with the incomes from the corresponding earldom and lordship lands.<ref>{{Harvp|Bain|1888|pp=342–345}}, nos. 1707–1718.</ref>

Later in 1503, months after the death of her mother, Margaret left England for Scotland; her progress was a grand journey northward. She left Richmond Palace on 27 June with Henry VII, and they travelled first to [[Collyweston]] in [[Northamptonshire]]. At [[York]] a plaque commemorates the exact spot where the Queen of Scots entered its gates. After crossing the border at [[Berwick upon Tweed]] on 1 August 1503, Margaret was met by the Scottish court at [[Lamberton, Scottish Borders|Lamberton]]. At [[Dalkeith Palace]], James came to kiss her goodnight. He came again to console her on 4 August after a stable fire had killed some of her favourite horses. Her riding gear, including a new [[Caparison|sumpter cloth]] or pallion of cloth-of-gold worth £127 was destroyed in the fire.<ref>[[James Balfour Paul]], ''Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer'', vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), 214–215.</ref>

At a [[Meadowbank, Edinburgh|meadow a mile from Edinburgh]], there was a pavilion where Sir [[Patrick Hamilton of Kincavil|Patrick Hamilton]] and Patrick Sinclair played and fought in the guise of knights defending their ladies. On 8 August 1503, the marriage was celebrated in person in [[Holyrood Abbey]]. The rites were performed by the archbishop of Glasgow and [[Thomas Savage (bishop)|Thomas Savage]], archbishop of York, and Margaret was anointed during the ceremony.<ref>Hearne (1774, p. 294)</ref> Two days later, on [[Lawrence of Rome|St Lawrence's day]], Margaret went to mass at [[St Giles' Cathedral|St Giles']], the town's [[Kirk (word)|Kirk]], as her first public appointment.<ref>{{Harvp|Buchanan|1985|pp=30–32}}</ref> The details of the proxy marriage, progress, arrival, and reception in Edinburgh were recorded by the Somerset Herald, John Young.<ref>{{Harvp|Hearne|1774|pp=258–300}}</ref>

One English guest recorded the menu of the banquet in a copy of the ''Great Chronicle of London''.<ref>Lucinda H. S. Dean, ''Death and the Royal Succession in Scotland: Ritual, Ceremony and Power'' (Boydell & Brewer, 2024), p. 200: A. H. Thomas & I. D. Thornley, ''The Chronicle of London'' (Alan Sutton, 1983), p. 99.</ref> Dishes included solan geese with sauce, baked apples and pears, and jelly moulded with the arms of England and Scotland.<ref>Nadia T. van Pelt, ''Intercultural Explorations and the Court of Henry VIII'' (Oxford, 2024), p. 99: [[Sarah Carpenter]], 'Gely Wyth Tharms of Scotland England', Janet Hadley Williams & J. Derrick McClure, ''Freshe Fontanis'' (Newcastle, 2013), pp. 165–177.</ref> In the English parliament, [[Thomas More]] opposed Henry VII's plan for a tax to recover expenses for the wedding.<ref>Richard S. Sylvester & Davis P. Harding, ''Two Early Tudor Lives'' (Yale, 1962), pp. xvi, 199.</ref> Margaret's crown was made by an Edinburgh goldsmith, [[John Currour]]. In the days after the wedding, Currour provided her with rings, a heart of gold, an image of the Virgin Mary, and a gold cross.<ref>Lucinda H. S. Dean, ''Death and the Royal Succession in Scotland: Ritual, Ceremony and Power'' (Boydell & Brewer, 2024), p. 267: James Balfour Paul, ''Accounts of the Treasurer of Scotland, 1500-1504'', vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), pp. 206, 217.</ref>

== Reign of James IV ==
[[File:Margaret Tudor Sketch.jpg|thumb|upright|Copy of a contemporary portrait of Margaret from the [[Recueil d'Arras]]]]
By her marriage contract, Margaret was allowed a household with 24 English courtiers or servants.<ref>[[Rymer, Thomas]], ''Foedera'', vol. 12 (London, 1711), p. 789.</ref> These included her cook Hunt, her chamberer Margaret, John Camner who played the lute, her ushers Hamnet Clegg and Edmund Livesay, and her ladies in waiting, [[Margaret Dennet]], [[Eleanor Johns]], [[Eleanor Verney]], Agnes Musgrave, and [[Elizabeth Berlay]].<ref>[[James Balfour Paul|Paul, James Balfour]], ''Accounts of the Treasurer: 1500–1504'', vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), pp. 336–338.</ref> Some of her ladies in waiting had been members of the household of Elizabeth of York.{{Sfnp|Beer|2018|p=41}} Richard Justice and Harry Roper worked in the wardrobe, making her sheets, washing clothes, mending her tapestries and perfuming them with violet powder. Roper had been Page of the Beds to Elizabeth of York, and Justice was her Page of Robes. Roper returned to England to serve [[Catherine of Aragon]].<ref>Nicolas, Nicholas Harris ''Privy Purse Expenses of Elizabeth of York'' (London, 1830), p. 98</ref>{{Sfnp|Beer|2018|pp=43, 102}} Elizabeth Maxtoun, a Scottish woman, washed the queen's linen. Rich fabrics were provided by an Italian merchant [[Jerome Frescobaldi]].<ref>[[James Balfour Paul|Paul, James Balfour]], ''Accounts of the Treasurer'', vol. 3 (Edinburgh, 1901), pp. xciv–cii, 325, 335, 338.</ref> After a few years, she employed a Scottish cook Alexander Kerse.<ref>''Register of the Privy Seal of Scotland'', vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1908), p. 257 no. 1720.</ref> Some members of her household were described in a humorous poem by [[William Dunbar]], ''[[Ane Dance in the Quenis Chalmer]]''.<ref>Bawcutt, Priscilla ''Dunbar the Makar'' (Oxford, 1992), p. 52.</ref>

On [[Maundy Thursday]], known as Skyre Thursday or "Cena Domini", it was the custom for the monarch and consort to give gifts to the poor and symbolically wash their feet.<ref>Dickson, Thomas ''Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland'', vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1877), pp. cccii–cccv.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Blakeway |first=Amy |title=Regency in sixteenth-century Scotland |date=2015 |publisher=Boydell & Brewer |isbn=978-1-84383-980-4 |location=Woodbridge |page=137 |oclc=909150807}}</ref> On 4 April 1504 Margaret gave 15 poor women blue gowns, shoes, a purse with 15 English pennies, and a wooden tankard with a jug and a plate, a token of the [[Last Supper]]. The number of poor women matched her age.<ref>[[James Balfour Paul|Paul, James Balfour]], ''Accounts of the Treasurer: 1500–1504'', vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), p. 259.</ref>{{Sfnp|Beer|2018|pp=137–139}} Another custom was to give [[New Year's Day gift (royal courts)|gifts on New Year's Day]], and James IV gave Margaret two sapphire rings in 1504.<ref>Nicola Tallis, ''All The Queen's Jewels, 1445–1548: Power, Majesty and Display'' (Routledge, 2023), p. 199.</ref> In 1507 James IV gave her a "serpent's tongue" (really a [[shark tooth]]) set in gold with precious stones, which was believed to guard against poison. She gave a French knight [[Antoine d'Arces]] a gold [[salt cellar]] with an image of the Virgin Mary.<ref>[[James Balfour Paul|Paul, James Balfour]], ''Accounts of the Treasurer'', vol. 3 (Edinburgh, 1901), pp. 359, 364.</ref> In January 1513 the gifts included gold rings for eight ladies of her chamber, made by John Aitkin, a goldsmith who worked in [[Stirling Castle]], and the [[Ellen More|"two black ladies" Ellen and Margaret More]] were given 10 gold [[Écu|French crowns]].<ref>[[James Balfour Paul|Paul, James Balfour]] [https://archive.org/details/accountslordhig01offigoog/page/n497/mode/2up ''Accounts of the Treasurer: 1507–1512'', vol. 4 (Edinburgh, 1902), p. 401]</ref>

Margaret suffered from nosebleeds, and an apothecary [[William Foular]] provided a bloodstone or [[Heliotrope (mineral)|heliotrope]] as a remedy. Foular also sent the queen medicinal spices including pepper, cinnamon, "[[Piper cubeba|cubebarum]]", and "[[Galangal|galiga]]", with glass urinals.<ref>[[James Balfour Paul|Paul, James Balfour]], ''Accounts of the Treasurer: 1500–1504'', vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), pp. 445, 477.</ref> Margaret went on pilgrimages to [[Whitekirk]] in [[East Lothian]], and to the shrine of [[Adrian of May|Saint Adrian]] on the [[Isle of May]].<ref>John Stuart, ''Records of the Priory of the Isle of May'' (Edinburgh, 1868), p. xlii.</ref> In July 1507, after recovering from a period of ill-health, she went to [[Whithorn]] in [[Dumfries and Galloway|Galloway]], dressed in green velvet and riding on a saddle covered with the pelt of a [[reindeer]], accompanied by her ladies and the court musicians.<ref>[[Norman Macdougall|Macdougall, Norman]], ''James IV'' (Tuckwell: East Linton, 1997), p. 197</ref><ref>[[James Balfour Paul|Paul, James Balfour]] ''Accounts of the Treasurer'', vol. 3 (Edinburgh, 1901), pp. xxxv, 270, 398–407.</ref>

The king named the Scottish warship ''[[Scottish warship Margaret|Margaret]]'' after her. The treaty of 1502, far from being perpetual, barely survived the death of Henry VII in 1509.  His successor, the young Henry VIII, had little time for his father's cautious diplomacy, and was soon heading towards a war with [[France]], Scotland's historic ally. In 1513, James invaded England to honour his commitment to the [[Auld Alliance]], only to meet death and disaster at the [[Battle of Flodden]]. Margaret had opposed the war, but was still named in the royal will as [[regent]] for the infant king, James V, for as long as she remained a widow.

== Regency and second marriage ==
[[Parliament of Scotland|Parliament]] met at [[Stirling]] not long after Flodden, and confirmed Margaret in the office of regent. A woman was rarely welcome in a position of supreme power, and Margaret was the sister of an enemy king, which served to compound her problems. Before long a pro-French party took shape among the nobility, urging that she should be replaced by [[John Stewart, Duke of Albany]], the closest male relative to the infant prince, and now third in line to the throne.

Albany, who had been born and raised in France, was seen as a living representative of the [[Auld Alliance]], in contrast with the pro-English Margaret. She is considered to have acted calmly and with some degree of political skill. By July 1514, she had managed to reconcile the contending parties, and Scotland – along with France – concluded peace with England that same month. But in her search for political allies among the fractious Scottish nobility she took a fatal step, allowing good sense and prudence to be overruled by emotion and the personal magnetism of [[Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus]].

[[File:Arms of Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scots.svg|right|150px|thumb|Margaret's coat of arms as Queen consort of Scotland]]
In seeking allies Margaret turned more and more to the powerful [[House of Douglas]]. She found herself particularly attracted to the Earl of Angus, whom even his uncle, the cleric and poet [[Gavin Douglas]], called a "young witless fool".<ref>{{Harvp|Strickland|1855|p=155}}</ref> Margaret and Douglas were secretly married in the parish church of [[Kinnoull]], near [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]], on 6 August 1514. Not only did this alienate the other noble houses but it immediately strengthened the pro-French faction on the council, headed by [[James Beaton|James Beaton, Archbishop of Glasgow]]. By the terms of the late king's will she had sacrificed her position as Regent of Scotland, and before the month was out, she was obliged to consent to the appointment of Albany.

In September, the [[Privy Council of Scotland|Privy Council]] decided that she had also forfeited her rights to the supervision of her sons, whereupon in defiance she and her allies took the princes to [[Stirling Castle]]. In November, Margaret devised a code for letters sent to Henry VIII, saying that those signed "Your loving sister, Margaret R" would be genuine, and others might be the result of coercion by her enemies.<ref>Ken Emond, ''Minority of James V'' (John Donald: Edinburgh, 2019), pp. 29, 51.</ref>

== Escape to England and birth of last child ==
Albany arrived in Scotland in May 1515, and was finally installed as regent in July. The Scots, believing that a man of his eminence was needed to keep order in the country against England, persuaded the French to allow the duke to cross to Scotland; he landed in Dumbarton on 18 May 1515 with eight ships bearing supplies and French soldiers.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/18052 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.oxforddnb.com}}</ref> His first task was to get custody of James and Alexander, politically essential for the authority of the regency. Margaret, after some initial defiance, surrendered at Stirling in August. With the princes in the hands of their uncle, Margaret, now expecting a child by Angus, retired to Edinburgh. For some time her brother had been urging her to flee to England with her sons; but she had steadily refused to do so, fearing such a step might lead to James's loss of the Scottish crown.<ref>Ken Emond, ''The Minority of James V: Scotland in Europe, 1513–1528'' (Edinburgh: Birlinn, 2019), 48.</ref>

However, once Margaret's two sons were in the custody of their uncle, Margaret secretly accepted her brother's offer of her personal safety at the English Court. Pregnant with Angus' child, Margaret feared for her life under the rule of the Privy Council of Scotland. As queen dowager she was forced to beg permission from the Privy Council even to travel. She obtained permission to go to [[Linlithgow Palace]] for her lying-in.<ref>Ken Emond, ''The Minority of James V: Scotland in Europe, 1513–1528'' (Edinburgh: Birlinn, 2019), 53.</ref>

She escaped to [[Tantallon Castle]] and then, via [[Blackadder Castle]] and [[Coldstream]] Priory, crossed the border to England.<ref>Ken Emond, ''The Minority of James V'' (Edinburgh, 2019), pp. 53–54.</ref> She left valuable [[jewels of Margaret Tudor|costume and jewels]] behind at Tantallon, including several velvet hoods embroidered with pearls with jewel-set front borders called "chaffrons", and a silk hat with a diamond jewel that had been a present from [[Louis XII of France]].<ref>Agnes Strickland, ''Lives of the Queens of Scotland'', vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1850), pp. 135–139.</ref><ref>[[Thomas Thomson (advocate)|Thomas Thomson]], [https://archive.org/details/acollectioninve00collgoog/page/n29/mode/2up ''Collection of Inventories'' (Edinburgh, 1815), pp. 21–28]</ref><ref>[[Maria Hayward]], ''Dress at the court of Henry VIII'' (Maney, 2007), p. 190.</ref> Her jewels were later collected by [[Thomas Dacre, 2nd Baron Dacre|Thomas Dacre's]] agent, John Whelpdale, the Master of College of [[Greystoke Castle|Greystoke]].<ref>[[Henry Ellis (librarian)|Henry Ellis]], ''Original Letters Illustrative of British History'', 1st series vol. 1 (London, 1824), p. 133.</ref>{{Sfnp|Beer|2018|pp=58–59}}
[[File:Morpeth Castle Gatehouse.jpg|alt=Morpeth Castle Gatehouse in Northumberland, England|thumb|Morpeth Castle Gatehouse]]
Margaret was received by Thomas Dacre, Henry's [[Warden of the Marches]], and taken to [[Harbottle Castle]] in Northumberland.<ref>Helen Newsome-Chandler, ''The Holograph Letters of Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scots, 1489–1541'' (Cambridge: Camden, 2025), p. 43. {{doi|10.1017/S0960116325000065}}</ref> Here in early October she gave birth to Lady [[Margaret Douglas]], the future [[Earl of Lennox|Countess of Lennox]] and mother of [[Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley]], cousin and second husband to Mary, Queen of Scots, and father of the future James VI.<ref>Ken Emond, ''The Minority of James V: Scotland in Europe, 1513–1528'' (Edinburgh: Birlinn, 2019), 57.</ref> Margaret was in a lot of pain after the birth and may have been suffering from [[sciatica]]. By 21 November she had travelled the 5 miles to [[Brinkburn Priory]], but it was the end of the month before Dacre received her at [[Morpeth Castle]]. During the queen's stay there, Dacre and [[Thomas Magnus]] persuaded her to sign a memorandum of complaint about her treatment by Albany.<ref name = "Porter2024">[[Linda Porter (historian)|Linda Porter]], ''The Thistle and the Rose: The Extraordinary Life of Margaret Tudor'' (London: [[Head of Zeus]], 2024), pp. 217–222, 226, 232, 258–270, 280–288, 329. {{isbn|9781801105781}}</ref> On 18 December, while she lay seriously ill at Morpeth, Margaret's second son, Alexander, died.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/18052 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.oxforddnb.com |date=2004 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/18052}}</ref>

While still in the north of England, Queen Margaret learned of the death of her younger son, Alexander.<ref>Helen Newsome-Chandler, ''The Holograph Letters of Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scots, 1489–1541'' (Cambridge: Camden, 2025), pp. 43–44. {{doi|10.1017/S0960116325000065}}</ref> Dacre hinted that Albany – cast in the role of [[Richard III]] – was responsible. Margaret, even in her vulnerable state, refused to accept this, saying that if he really aimed at securing the throne for himself the death of James would have suited his purpose better.{{cn|date=August 2023}} It was also at this time that she at last began to get the measure of Angus, who, with an eye on his own welfare, returned to Scotland to make peace with the Regent, "which much made Margaret to muse". When Henry VIII learned that Angus would not be accompanying his sister to London he said, "Done like a Scot".<ref>{{Harvp|Perry|2000|p=135}}</ref> However, all of Angus's power, wealth and influence was in Scotland; to abandon the country would mean possible forfeiture for treason. In this regard he would have had before him the example of his kinsman [[James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas]], who had fled to England the previous century, living out his life as a landless mercenary.{{cn|date=August 2023}}

== Politics and decline of second marriage ==
Margaret was well received by Henry and, to confirm her status, was lodged in [[Great Scotland Yard (street)|Scotland Yard]], the ancient London residence of the Scottish kings,<ref name = "Porter2024"/> and at [[Baynard's Castle]].<ref>[[Thomas P. Campbell]], ''Henry VIII and the Art of Majesty: Tapestries at the Tudor Court'' (Yale, 2007), p. 116.</ref> In May 1517, having spent a year in England, she returned north, after a treaty of reconciliation had been worked out by Albany, Henry and [[Cardinal Wolsey]]. Albany was temporarily absent in France – where he renewed the Auld Alliance once more and arranged for the future marriage of [[James V]] — but the queen dowager was received at the border on 15 June by [[Antoine d'Arces|Sieur de la Bastie]], Albany's deputy, as well as by her husband.<ref>Ken Emond, ''The Minority of James V'' (Edinburgh: John Donald, 2019), p. 81.</ref>

Although Margaret and Angus were temporarily reconciled, it was not long before their relationship entered a phase of terminal decline. She discovered that while she was in England her husband had been living with Lady Jane Stewart, a former lover. This was bad enough; what was worse, he had been living on his wife's money.{{cn|date=August 2023}} In October 1518, she wrote to her brother, hinting at divorce:<blockquote>"I am sore troubled with my Lord of Angus since my last coming into Scotland, and every day more and more, so that we have not been together this half-year… I am so minded that, an I may by law of God and to my honour, to part with him, for I wit well he loves me not, as he shows me daily."<ref name="Porter2014">{{Cite book |last=Porter |first=Linda |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ov_1AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA219 |title=Tudors Versus Stewarts: The Fatal Inheritance of Mary, Queen of Scots |year=2014 |publisher=St. Martin's Press |isbn=978-1-4668-4272-4 |pages=219–}}</ref></blockquote>

This was a difficult issue for Henry; a man of conservative and orthodox belief, he was opposed to divorce on principle{{snd}}which was highly ironic, considering his later marital career.{{cn|date=August 2023}} Just as important, Angus was a useful ally and an effective counter-weight to Albany and the pro-French faction.{{cn|date=August 2023}} Angered by his attitude, Margaret drew closer to the Albany faction and joined others in calling for his return from France. Albany, seemingly in no hurry to return to the fractious northern kingdom, suggested that she resume the regency herself.{{cn|date=August 2023}} The dispute between husband and wife was set to dominate Scottish politics for the next three years, complicated even more by a bitter feud between Angus and [[James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Arran]]; with bewildering rapidity Margaret sided with one and then the other.{{cn|date=August 2023}}

Albany finally arrived back in Scotland in November 1521 and Margaret established cordial relations with him. From exile in England, [[Gavin Douglas]], the [[Bishop of Dunkeld]], spread scurrilous rumours that their relationship embraced more than politics. Angus went into exile while the Regent{{snd}}with the full cooperation of the queen dowager{{snd}}set about restoring order to a country riven by three years of intense factional conflict.<ref name ="Porter2024"/> Albany was useful to Margaret: he was known to have influence in [[Rome]], which would help ease her application for a divorce.{{cn|date=August 2023}} Angus and his allies spread the rumour that the two were lovers, and Lord Dacre wrote to Wolsey predicting that James would be murdered and Albany would become king and marry Margaret. But there is no evidence that the relationship between the two was ever more than one of calculated self-interest.

== Margaret's coup ==
[[File:John Faed (1819-1902) - Queen Margaret's Defiance of the Scottish Parliament - NG 2527 - National Galleries of Scotland.jpg|thumb|Painting of Margaret, refusing to hand over custody of her sons to [[John Stewart, Duke of Albany]], by [[John Faed]], 1859.]]In most essentials, Margaret remained an Englishwoman in attitude and outlook, and sought a better understanding between the land of her birth and her adopted home. Necessity demanded an alliance with Albany and the French faction, especially after the devastating border wars with England in the early 1520s.{{cn|date=August 2023}}

But no sooner was Albany off the scene than she set about organising a party of her own. In 1524, the Regent was finally removed from power in a simple but effective [[coup d'état]]. Albany wished that James would be kept at Stirling Castle.<ref>Henry Ellis, ''Original Letters'', Series 1 vol. 1 (London, 1824) p. 244.</ref> When he returned to France (where he was to die in 1536), Margaret, with the help of Arran and the Hamiltons, brought James, now 12 years old, from [[Stirling]] to Edinburgh.<ref name=ashley />

In August, Parliament declared the regency at an end, and James was elevated to full kingly powers. In practice, he would continue to be governed by others, his mother above all. When Beaton objected to the new arrangements, Margaret had him arrested and thrown into jail. In November, Parliament formally recognised Margaret as the chief councillor to the King.<ref name = "Porter2024"/>

Margaret's alliance inevitably alienated other noble houses. Her situation was not eased when her brother, Henry VIII, allowed Angus to return to Scotland. Both of these factors were to some degree beyond her control. The most damaging move of all was not. She formed a new attachment, this time to [[Henry Stewart, 1st Lord Methven|Henry Stewart]], a younger brother of [[Andrew Stewart, 2nd Lord Avondale|Lord Avondale]].<ref>Ken Emond, ''The Minority of James V'' (Edinburgh: John Donald, 2019), pp. 259, 291.</ref>

Stewart was promoted to senior office, angering the [[Earl of Lennox]], among others, who promptly allied with her estranged husband. That same November, when Parliament confirmed Margaret's political office, her war with Angus descended into a murderous farce. When he arrived in Edinburgh with a large group of armed men, claiming his right to attend Parliament, she ordered cannons to be fired on him from both the [[Edinburgh Castle|Castle]] and [[Holyrood House]]. When the two English ambassadors present at court, [[Thomas Magnus]] and Roger Radclyff, objected that she should not attack her lawful husband she responded in anger, telling them to "go home and not meddle with Scottish matters".<ref>{{Harvp|Perry|2000|p=167}}</ref>

Angus withdrew for the time being, but under pressure from various sources, the Queen finally admitted him to the council of regency in February 1525.<ref>Ken Emond, ''The Minority of James V'' (Edinburgh: John Donald, 2019), pp. 211, 214.</ref> It was all the leverage he needed. Taking custody of James, he refused to give him up, exercising full power on his behalf for a period of three years.<ref>Ken Emond, ''The Minority of James V'' (Edinburgh: John Donald, 2019), pp. 214–263.</ref> James' experience during this time left him with an abiding hatred of the house of Douglas.<ref>Ken Emond, ''The Minority of James V'' (Edinburgh: John Donald, 2019), p. 295.</ref>

== Divorce and remarriage ==
Margaret attempted to resist but was forced to bend to the new political realities. Besides, by this time her desire for a divorce had become obsessive, taking precedence over all other matters. She was prepared to use all arguments, including the widespread myth that James IV had not been killed at Flodden. Despite the coup of 1524, she corresponded warmly with Albany, who continued his efforts on her behalf in Rome. In March 1527, [[Pope Clement VII]] granted her petition. Because of the political situation in Europe at the time it was not until December that she learned of her good fortune. She married [[Henry Stewart, 1st Lord Methven|Henry Stewart]] on 3 March 1528, ignoring the pious warnings of Cardinal Wolsey that marriage was "divinely ordained" and his protests against the "shameless sentence sent from Rome".<ref name="Stone1905">{{Cite book |last=Stone |first=Jean Mary |url=https://archive.org/details/studiesfromcour02stongoog |title=Studies from Court and Cloister: Being Essays, Historical and Literary, Dealing Mainly with Subjects Relating to the XVIth and XVIIth Centuries |publisher=Sands |date=1905 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/studiesfromcour02stongoog/page/n53 29]–}}</ref>

In June 1528, James V finally freed himself from the tutelage of Angus – who once more fled into exile – and began to rule in his own right. Margaret was an early beneficiary of the royal coup, as she and her husband emerged as the leading advisors to the king. James created Stewart [[Lord Methven]] "for the great love he bore to his dearest mother".<ref name="Carroll2014">{{Cite book |first=Leslie |last=Carroll |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_jdBAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT45 |title=Inglorious Royal Marriages: A Demi-Millennium of Unholy Mismatrimony |year=2014 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-1-101-59836-8 |pages=45–}}</ref> It was rumoured – falsely – that the Queen favoured a marriage between her son and her niece [[Mary I of England|Mary Tudor]]. She was instrumental in bringing about the Anglo-Scottish peace agreement of May 1534.
[[File:Methven Castle.jpg|thumb|right|Methven Castle]]
[[File:Site of the Charterhouse, Perth.jpg|thumb|140px|A monument now marks the site of the Perth Charterhouse]]
The central aim of Margaret's political life – besides assuring her own survival – was to bring about a better understanding between England and Scotland, a position she held to through some difficult times.<ref name = "Porter2024"/> James was suspicious of Henry, especially because of his continuing support for Angus, a man he loathed with a passion. Even so, in early 1536 his mother persuaded him to meet with her brother. It was her moment of triumph and she wrote to Henry and [[Thomas Cromwell]], now his chief advisor, saying that it was "by advice of us and no other living person".<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KnZCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA134 |title=Letters of royal, and illustrious ladies of Great Britain, from the commencement of the 12th century to the close of the reign of Queen Mary |publisher=Henr. Colburn |date=1846 |editor-last=Wood, Mar. Anne Everett |pages=134–}}</ref> She was looking for a grand occasion on the lines of the [[Field of Cloth of Gold]], and spent a huge sum in preparation. In the end it came to nothing because there were too many voices raised in objection and because James would not be managed by his mother or anyone else. In a private interview with the English ambassador, [[William Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Effingham|William Howard]], her disappointment was obvious – "I am weary of Scotland", she confessed.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pM0_AAAAcAAJ |title=State Papers: King Henry the Eighth; Part IV – continued |publisher=Murray |date=1836 |page=48}}</ref> Her weariness even extended to betraying state secrets to Henry.

Lord Methven proved himself to be even worse than Angus in his desire both for other women and for his wife's money. Margaret was once again eager for divorce but proceedings were frustrated by James, whom she believed her husband had bribed. At one point she ran away toward the border, only to be intercepted and brought back to Edinburgh. Time and again she wrote to Henry with complaints about her poverty and appeals for money and protection.<ref>{{Harvp|Perry|2000|p=220}}</ref> In the first months of 1536, Henry VIII sent her £200 and a parcel of luxury fabrics including lengths of purple cloth, tawny cloth of gold tissue, russet tinsel, satin, and velvet. The fabric was for the costume to wear to welcome her son's bride [[Madeleine of Valois]].<ref>Joseph Bain, ''Hamilton Papers'', vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1890), p. 29: British Library Add MS 32646, see external links.</ref> 

In July 1537, Ralph Sadler brought her £200. Queen Madeleine died on 7 July. In October, Margaret wrote that she wished for ease and comfort at the "age of forty years and nine" instead of being obliged "to follow her son about like a poor gentlewoman".<ref>Helen Newsome-Chandler, ''The Holograph Letters of Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scots, 1489–1541'' (Cambridge: Camden, 2025), pp. 269, 276.</ref> Margaret asked Henry VIII to send money and silver plate to help welcome her widowed son's new bride [[Mary of Guise]] to Scotland in June 1538. The two women established a good understanding.<ref>Helen Newsome-Chandler, ''The Holograph Letters of Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scots, 1489–1541'' (Cambridge: Camden, 2025), pp. 58, 282–284. {{doi|10.1017/S0960116325000065}}</ref> Mary made sure that her mother-in-law, who had now been reconciled with Methven, made regular appearances at court and it was reported to Henry that "the young queen was all [[papist]], and the old queen not much less."<ref>{{Harvp|Strickland|1855|p=240}}</ref>

Accounts mention a companion of the "old queen", Margaret Hamilton, who received a gift of 22 shillings in March 1540.<ref>[[Athol Murray]], "Pursemaster's Accounts", ''Scottish History Society Miscellany X'' (Edinburgh, 1965), p. 17.</ref> In the spring and summer of 1541, Margaret spent time with James V and Mary of Guise at Stirling Castle, providing support after the death of their infant sons.<ref name ="Porter2024"/><ref>Helen Newsome-Chandler, ''The Holograph Letters of Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scots, 1489–1541'' (Cambridge: Camden, 2025), pp. 289–291.</ref>

== Death ==
Margaret died at [[Methven Castle]] on 18 October 1541, aged 51.<ref name="Buchanan1985">{{Cite book |last=Patricia Hill Buchanan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tKtnAAAAMAAJ |title=Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scots |date= 1985 |publisher=Scottish Academic Press |isbn=978-0-7073-0424-3}}</ref> Henry Ray, the [[Berwick Pursuivant]], reported that she had [[palsy]] (possibly resulting from a stroke) on Friday and died on the following Tuesday. As she thought she would recover she did not trouble to make a will.<ref>Helen Newsome-Chandler, ''The Holograph Letters of Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scots, 1489–1541'' (Cambridge: Camden, 2025), p. 59. {{doi|10.1017/S0960116325000065}}</ref> She sent for King James, who was at [[Falkland Palace]], but he did not come in time. Near the end she wished that the friars who attended her would seek the reconciliation of the King and the Earl of Angus. She hoped the King would give her possessions to her daughter, Lady Margaret Douglas. James arrived after her death, and he ordered [[Oliver Sinclair]] and [[John Tennent (courtier)|John Tennent]] to pack up her belongings for his use.<ref>''State Papers Henry VIII'', vol. 5 part 2 cont., (London, 1836), pp. 193–194, Ray to Privy Council.</ref> As a dowager queen, Margaret had received the rental money of the crown lands of Stirlingshire. After her death, this money was added to the king's income.<ref>[[Athol Murray (historian)|Athol Murray]], 'Crown Lands', ''An Historical Atlas of Scotland'' (Scottish Medievalists, 1975), p. 73.</ref>

Margaret was buried at the [[Perth Charterhouse|Charterhouse]] in [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]] (demolished during the [[Scottish Reformation|Reformation]], 1559, its site now occupied by the former [[King James VI Hospital]]). The funeral ceremony itself was possibly not as elaborate as that held in Edinburgh for [[Madeleine of Valois]] in 1537, but James V and his household were provided with expensive black clothes for a mourning period.<ref>Perin Westerhof Nyman, "Mourning Madeleine and Margaret: Dress and Meaning in the Memorials for Two Scottish Queens, 1537 and 1541", ''Scottish Historical Review'', 100:3 (December 2021), pp. 359–377. {{doi|10.3366/shr.2021.0535}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
{{Gallery
| File: Henry receiving a tribute from Erasmus.jpg
 | Detail of Margaret, [[Henry VIII]], and [[Mary Tudor, Queen of France|Princess Mary]] being visited by [[Erasmus]], dated c. 1910, by [[Frank Cadogan Cowper]]
| File: Margaret Tudor Queen of Scots.jpg
 | A depiction of Margaret from a family tree from the reign of her great-grandson, [[James I of England|James VI/I of Scotland and England]]
| File: Margaret Tudor praying.jpg
 | Margaret Tudor praying in coronation robes, 16th century, probably by [[Gerard Horenbout]]
 | File: House of Tudor.png
 | At the right Margaret Tudor with her three husbands on the Tudor family tree
}}

== Issue ==

In 1503, Margaret married King James IV. They had six children, of whom only one survived infancy:

* James, Duke of Rothesay (21 February 1507, [[Holyrood Palace]] – 27 February 1508, [[Stirling Castle]]).{{Sfnp|Beer|2018|p=52}}<ref>Mairi Cowan & Laura Walkling, 'Growing up with the court of James IV', Janay Nugent & Elizabeth Ewan, ''Children and Youth in Premodern Scotland'' (Boydell, 2015), pp. 21–2.</ref>
* Daughter (died shortly after birth 15 July 1508, [[Holyrood Palace]]).
* Arthur Stewart, Duke of Rothesay (20 October 1509, [[Holyrood Palace]] – 14 July 1510, [[Edinburgh Castle]]).
* [[James V]], born 10 April 1512 at [[Linlithgow Palace]],<ref>[[Robert Kerr Hannay]], ''Letters of James IV'' (SHS: Edinburgh, 1953), p. 243.</ref> who died 14 December 1542 at [[Falkland Palace]].
* A son, who was born prematurely and died shortly after birth, November 1512, [[Holyrood Palace]].<ref>Robert Kerr Hannay, ''Letters of James IV'' (SHS: Edinburgh, 1953), p. 273.</ref>
* [[Alexander Stewart, Duke of Ross]] (30 April 1514, [[Stirling Castle]] – 18 December 1515, [[Stirling Castle]]).

In 1514, Margaret married [[Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus]], and had one child:

* [[Margaret Douglas]] (1515–1578), who married [[Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox]], regent of Scotland from 1570 to 1571.

In 1528, Margaret married [[Henry Stewart, 1st Lord Methven]]. They had no issue.<ref>Douglas Richardson. Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 2nd Edition, 2011, [https://books.google.com/books?id=8JcbV309c5UC&dq=margaret+tudor+dorothea+stewart&pg=RA2-PA589 pg 589]</ref>

== Ancestry ==
{{Ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
| boxstyle_1 = background-color: #fcc;
| boxstyle_2 = background-color: #fb9;
| boxstyle_3 = background-color: #ffc;
| boxstyle_4 = background-color: #bfc;
| 1 = 1. '''Margaret Tudor'''
| 2 = 2. [[Henry VII of England]]
| 3 = 3. [[Elizabeth of York]]
| 4 = 4. [[Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond]]
| 5 = 5. [[Margaret Beaufort]]
| 6 = 6. [[Edward IV of England]]
| 7 = 7. [[Elizabeth Woodville]]
| 8 = 8. [[Sir Owen Tudor]]
| 9 = 9. [[Catherine of Valois]]
| 10 = 10. [[John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset]]
| 11 = 11. [[Margaret Beauchamp of Bletso|Margaret Beauchamp]]
| 12 = 12. [[Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York]]
| 13 = 13. [[Cecily Neville]]
| 14 = 14. [[Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers]]
| 15 = 15. [[Jacquetta of Luxembourg]]
}}

== Sources ==

=== References ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Works cited ===
{{Refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}
* {{Cite book |last=Bain |first=Joseph |title=Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland, Vol. 4: Preserved in Her Majesty's Public Record Office, London; A.D. 1357–1509 |date=1888 |publisher=HM Register House |pages=419–425 |ol=20051573M}}
* {{Cite book |first=Michelle |last=Beer |title=Queenship at the Renaissance Courts of Britain |publisher=Woodbridge |date=2018}}
* {{Cite book |last=Buchanan |first=Patricia Hill |title=Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scots |date= 1985 |publisher=Scottish Academic Press |isbn=978-0-7073-0424-3 |ol=2752413M}}
* {{Cite book |last=Emond |first=Ken |title=Minority of James V |date=2019 |publisher=John Donald |isbn=978-1-9109-0031-4}}
* {{Cite book |last=Hearne |first=Thomas |title=Joannis Lelandi Antiquarii de Rebus Britannicis Collectanea, 4 |date=1774 |publisher=Benjamin White |pages=258–300}} [https://archive.org/details/b30528100_0004/page/258/mode/2up At Internet Archive]
* {{Cite book |last=Perry |first=Maria |title=The Sisters of Henry VIII: The Tumultuous Lives of Margaret of Scotland and Mary of France |date=2000 |publisher=Perseus Books Group |isbn=978-0-3068-0989-7 |ol=9547837M}}
* {{Cite book |last=Strickland |first=Agnes |title=Lives of the queens of Scotland and English princesses connected with the regal succession of Great Britain |date=1855 |publisher=Harper & brothers |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=cYwxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA151 151ff] |oclc=10542995 |ol=OL6950278M}}
* {{Cite book |last=Tasioulas |first=Jacqueline |authorlink= Jacqueline Tasioulas |title=The Makars |date= 2010 |publisher=Canongate Books |isbn=978-1-8476-7501-9 |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=0FZ4ioF8kKYC&pg=PR4 4ff]}}
{{Refend}}

=== Further reading ===
{{Refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}
* {{Cite book |last=Chapman |first=Hester |title=The Thistle and the Rose: The Sisters of Henry VIII |date=1969 |publisher=Coward, McCann & Geoghegan |ol=43073265M}}
* {{Cite book |last=Fradenburg |first=Louise O. |title=The Rose and the Thistle: Essays on the Culture of Late Medieval and Renaissance Scotland |date=1998 |publisher=Tuckwell |isbn=978-1-898410-57-7 |editor-last=Mapstone |editor-first=Sally |chapter=Troubled Times: Margaret Tudor and the Historians |ol=OL8728349M |editor-last2=Wood |editor-first2=Juliette}}
* {{Cite book |last=Glenne |first=Michael |title=King Harry's sister, Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scotland |date=1952 |publisher=J. Long |ol=17355405M}}
* {{Cite book |last=Harvey |first=Nancy Lenz |title=The rose and the thorn: the lives of Mary and Margaret Tudor |date=1975 |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=978-0-02-548550-1 |ol=5199300M}}
* {{Cite book |last=Jansen |first=S. |title=The Monstrous Regiment of Women: Female Rulers in Early Modern Europe |date=2002 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan US |isbn=978-0-230-60211-3 |ol=37099689M}}
* {{Cite book |last=Macdougall |first=Norman |title=James the Fourth |date=2006 |isbn=978-1-906566-90-6 |edition=3rd |ol=28575176M |author-link=Norman Macdougall}}
* {{Cite book |last=Mackie |first=J. D. |title=The Earlier Tudors: 1485–1558 |date=1994 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-285292-2}}
* {{Cite book |last=Mackie |first=R. L. |title=King James IV of Scotland |date=1958}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Nairne |first1=Charles Richard Routh |ol=8000700M |title=Who's who in Tudor England |last2=Holmes |first2=Peter |date=2001 |publisher=Stackpole Books |isbn=978-0-8117-1639-0}}
* Newsome, Helen, '"[An] old battle constantly re-fought": A Case Study Of the Holograph Letters of Margaret Tudor', ''Women's Writing'', 30:4 (2023). {{doi|10.1080/09699082.2023.2266040}}
* {{Cite book |last=Plowden |first=Alison |ol=29120191M |title=Tudor Women: Queens & Commoners |date=2011 |publisher=History Press |isbn=978-0-7524-6716-0}}
* {{Cite book |last=Porter |first=Linda |date=2024 |title=The Thistle and the Rose: The Extraordinary Life of Margaret Tudor |publisher=Head of Zeus |isbn=978-1-80110-578-1}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Simpson |first1=Grant G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9_wUAAAAQAAJ |title=Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland: 1357–1509, addenda 1221–1435 |first2=James D. |last2=Galbraith |date=1881 |publisher=H.M. General Register House}}
{{Refend}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Margaret Tudor}}
*[http://www.guide2womenleaders.com/womeninpower/Womeninpower1500.htm A short profile of Margaret alongside other influential women of her time]
*[http://www.kingjames1ofscotland.co.uk/publications/rituals-to-celebrate-perpetual-peace-the-marriage-of-margaret-tudor-and-james-iv-in-1503/ Lucy Dean, 'Rituals to Celebrate Perpetual Peace: The Marriage of Margaret Tudor and James IV in 1503']
*[http://tudorhistory.org/people/margaret/gallery.html Margaret Tudor Gallery]
*[http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=add_ms_32646_f053r List of clothing fabrics sent to Margaret Tudor by Henry VIII in 1536, British Library Add MS 32646 ff. 53–54]
*{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Margaret, Queen of Scotland|volume=17|page=701|short=1}}
*{{NPG name}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-hou|[[House of Tudor]]|28 November|1489|18 October|1541}}
{{S-roy|sc}}
{{S-break}}
{{S-vac | last = [[Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland|Margaret of Denmark]] }}
{{S-ttl | title = [[Queen consort of Scotland]] | years = 8 August 1503 – 9 September 1513 }}
{{S-vac | next = [[Madeleine of Valois|Madeleine of France]]}}
{{S-break}}
{{S-end}}

{{Scottish consort}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1489 births]]
[[Category:1541 deaths]]
[[Category:16th-century English women]]
[[Category:15th-century English women]]
[[Category:15th-century Scottish women]]
[[Category:16th-century Scottish women]]
[[Category:16th-century women regents]]
[[Category:16th-century regents]]
[[Category:English Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:English people of Welsh descent]]
[[Category:English princesses]]
[[Category:Regents of Scotland]]
[[Category:Scottish royal consorts]]
[[Category:Heirs presumptive to the English throne]]
[[Category:House of Tudor]]
[[Category:House of Stuart]]
[[Category:People from Richmond, London]]
[[Category:Court of James V]]
[[Category:Court of James IV of Scotland]]
[[Category:Remarried queens consort]]
[[Category:Scottish countesses by marriage|Angus]]
[[Category:Ladies of Parliament|Methven]]
[[Category:Children of Henry VII of England]]
[[Category:People of Linlithgow Palace]]
[[Category:Daughters of kings]]
[[Category:Scottish queen mothers]]
[[Category:Leaders who took power by coup]]