View source for Manresa

{{For|other places with the same name|Manresa (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Manresa
| native_name             =
| settlement_type         = [[Municipalities of Catalonia|Municipality]]
| image_skyline           = Seu Manresa vista general.JPG
| imagesize               = 
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = Seu of Manresa
| image_flag              = Bandera de Manresa fosca.svg
| flag_size               =  
| image_shield            = Escut de Manresa.svg
| shield_alt              = 
| nickname                = 
| motto                   = 
| image_map          = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=285|frame-height=180|frame-align=center|frame-coordinates={{Coord|39.5|N|3.7|W}}|zoom=4|type=point|title=Manresa|marker=city|type2=shape|stroke-width2=2|stroke-color2=#808080|text=Interactive map of Manresa.}}
|map_caption = Location of Manresa
| image_map1               = Localització de Manresa respecte del Bages.svg
| map_caption1             = Location in Bages county
| pushpin_map             = Spain Catalonia vegueries#Spain
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
| coordinates = {{Coord|41|43|46|N|1|49|38|E|region:ES_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type  = [[Sovereign state]]
| subdivision_name  = {{flag|Spain}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[Autonomous communities of Spain|Community]]
| subdivision_name1  = {{flag|Catalonia}}
| subdivision_type2  = [[Vegueries of Catalonia|Region]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Catalunya Central|Centre]]
| subdivision_type3  = [[Comarques of Catalonia|County]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[Bages]]
| subdivision_type4  = [[Provinces of Spain|Province]]
| subdivision_name4  = [[Province of Barcelona|Barcelona]]
| established_title       = 
| established_date        = 
| leader_party            = [[Republican Left of Catalonia|ERC]]
| leader_title            = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name             = Marc Aloy Guàrdia (2020)<ref name=municat>{{cite web|url=http://aplicacions.municat.gencat.cat/index.php?page=consulta&mostraEns=0811360009|title=Ajuntament de Manresa|publisher=[[Generalitat of Catalonia]]|access-date=2015-11-13}}</ref>
| area_footnotes          = <ref name=idescat>{{cite web|url=http://www.idescat.cat/emex/?lang=en&id=081136|title=El municipi en xifres: Manresa|publisher=[[Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya|Statistical Institute of Catalonia]]|access-date=2015-11-23}}</ref>
| area_total_km2          = 41.6
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 238
| population_as_of        = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes    = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
| population_total        = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = manresà, -sana
| population_note         = 
| postal_code_type        = 
| postal_code             = 08241-08243
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
| blank_name              = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank_info              = [[Humid subtropical climate|Cfa]]
| website                 = {{URL|manresa.cat/}}
| module                  =
| footnotes               =
}}

'''Manresa''' ({{IPA|ca|mənˈrɛzə}}) is the capital of [[Bages]] county, located in the [[Catalunya Central|central region]] of [[Catalonia]], Spain.

Crossed by the river [[Cardener]], it is an industrial area with [[textile]], [[metallurgy|metallurgical]], and [[glass]] industries. The houses of Manresa are arranged around the basilica of [[Santa Maria de la Seu]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Ven|title=Tourism in Manresa|url=http://www.spain.info/en/ven/otros-destinos/manresa.html|publisher=Turespaña|access-date=20 April 2011}}</ref> [[Saint Ignatius of Loyola]] stopped to pray in the town on his way back from [[Montserrat (mountain)|Montserrat]] in 1522. He also read in solitude in a [[Cave of Saint Ignatius|cave]] near the town for a year,<ref>{{cite web|title=The Cave. Place of pilgrimage and worship|url=http://www.covamanresa.cat/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=52&Itemid=87&lang=en|website=Cova de Sant Ignasi|access-date=5 August 2014}}</ref> which contributed to the formulation of his [[Spiritual Exercises]]. As such, the town is a place of pilgrimage for [[Catholics]].

It is believed the comarcal name "Bages" comes from a corruption of the Latin "Bacchus" due to the extensive production of [[wine]] in the area. The wine was produced from grapes grown mainly in terraced vineyards, and many of these old terraces can be seen today. Wine ceased to be the main product of the area as a consequence of [[phylloxera]], but is still a very important part of the Manresa/Bages economy.

During the [[Peninsular War|Napoleonic invasion]], the volunteer troops of Manresa (''sometent'' in Catalan language) defeated the French troops in the [[El Bruc|Bruch]] Pass (June 1808), but the retreating French burned and demolished much of the town. After the expulsion of Napoleon's troops, Manresans rebuilt the town using the rubble.

==History==
{{expand section|date=August 2016}}

===Influential documents===
{{See also|Bases de Manresa}}
* In 1892, the ''[[Unió Catalanista]]'', a confederation of Catalan centres approved the [[Bases de Manresa]] (Manresa Bases) the first draft statute of self-government for Catalonia and laid the essential conditions for a Catalan Regional Constitution.
* Bases propositions included:
** Catalan should be the sole official language in Catalonia
** Public order be under the jurisdiction of the Catalan government exclusively, which should also control finance and taxation
** Catalans only should be eligible for public office in Catalonia
** Military service (from which the upper class could buy exemption) was to be replaced by a volunteer corps
** As prior to 1714, there should be no appeal from decisions of the Catalan high court.
* The Bases also called for the composition of a Catalan Parliament, which was to be elected by 'all heads of family, grouped together in classes based on manual work, technical skill or professional careers and on property, industry and commerce, as far as possible through the corresponding guild organizations'
* The 1408 Liber Manifesti of Manresa is an influential historical document that lets us peer into Renaissance practice of slavery.
* The Liber Manifesti consistently designates slaves as distinct from other servants and provides us with basic but prior elusive figures like the total number of slaves in the town, the proportion of slaves to free people, the percentage of households who owned slaves, the proportion of women and children amongst slaves, and the market value of female, male, and child slaves.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Fynn-Paul|first=Jeffrey|title=Tartars in Spain: renaissance slavery in the Catalan city of Manresa, c. 1408.|journal=Journal of Medieval History|date=December 2008|volume=34|issue=4|pages=347–359|doi=10.1016/j.jmedhist.2008.09.006|s2cid=159594926}}</ref>

===Jewish history===
[[Image:LaCova.JPG|thumb|The [[Cave of Saint Ignatius|Santa Cova]], where St Ignatius stayed during his time in Manresa]]
In the 12th century Manresa was said to have contained 500 [[Judaism|Jewish]] families, most of whom lived in a narrow lane called "Grau dels Jueus", near the town hall, where recently a jewish bath has been discovered; their cemetery, still called "Fossana dels Jueus," was outside the city. In the 13th and 14th centuries the Jews there were engaged in manufacturing, trading, money-lending, and in the cultivation of their [[vineyard]]s and estates.

The hostility of the [[Christianity|Christians]] towards the Jews, which prevailed throughout Catalonia, was also manifested in Manresa. In 1325 the Christian inhabitants of the town tried to prevent the Jews from baking their [[Passover]] bread, so that the latter were obliged to appeal to the King for protection. The Jews in Manresa did not escape the general persecution of 1391, and many of them [[Crypto-Judaism|professed]] to accept Christianity.

After 1414 comparatively few Jews remained in the town, and in 1492 they sold their property for whatever they could get, and left the country. At the beginning of the 15th century Manresa had 30,000 inhabitants; three centuries later it contained barely one-fifth of that number. Several members of the Zabarra (Sabara) family {{Who|date=August 2011}} lived in Manresa. The town is not mentioned in the "[[Solomon ibn Verga|Shebeṭ Yehudah]]." {{Clarify|date=August 2011}}

== Climate ==
Manresa has a [[humid subtropical climate|humid subtropical]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cfa''), with cold winters and hot, moderately dry summers, while the rainiest seasons are spring and autumn.

{{Weather box
|location = Manresa (1971–2000)
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|Jan record high C = 20.0
|Feb record high C = 23.5
|Mar record high C = 28.9
|Apr record high C = 28.5
|May record high C = 35.6
|Jun record high C = 40.0
|Jul record high C = 43.0
|Aug record high C = 42.5
|Sep record high C = 38.0
|Oct record high C = 31.9
|Nov record high C = 26.4
|Dec record high C = 20.6
|year record high C= 43.0
|Jan high C = 10.0
|Feb high C = 13.1
|Mar high C = 16.7
|Apr high C = 19.0
|May high C = 23.0
|Jun high C = 27.3
|Jul high C = 31.3
|Aug high C = 30.6
|Sep high C = 26.5
|Oct high C = 20.8
|Nov high C = 14.3
|Dec high C = 10.5
|year high C = 20.3
|Jan mean C= 4.9
|Feb mean C= 7.0
|Mar mean C= 9.8
|Apr mean C= 12.2
|May mean C= 16.3
|Jun mean C= 20.5
|Jul mean C= 23.9
|Aug mean C= 23.7
|Sep mean C= 20.1
|Oct mean C= 14.9
|Nov mean C= 9.2
|Dec mean C= 5.9
|year mean C= 14.0
|Jan low C = -0.2
|Feb low C = 0.9
|Mar low C = 2.9
|Apr low C = 5.3
|May low C = 9.5
|Jun low C = 13.6
|Jul low C = 16.4
|Aug low C = 16.7
|Sep low C = 13.7
|Oct low C = 9.0
|Nov low C = 4.0
|Dec low C = 1.3
|year low C = 7.7
|Jan record low C = -19.0
|Feb record low C = -11.5
|Mar record low C = -9.0
|Apr record low C = -5.0
|May record low C = 1.4
|Jun record low C = 5.0
|Jul record low C = 9.0
|Aug record low C = 8.0
|Sep record low C = -3.0
|Oct record low C = -8.0
|Nov record low C = -10.0
|Dec record low C = -10.4
|year record low C= -19.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 39.2
|Feb precipitation mm = 21.1
|Mar precipitation mm = 31.9
|Apr precipitation mm = 48.6
|May precipitation mm = 68.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 53.2
|Jul precipitation mm = 22.9
|Aug precipitation mm = 46.7
|Sep precipitation mm = 65.3
|Oct precipitation mm = 59.1
|Nov precipitation mm = 47.9
|Dec precipitation mm = 42.9
|year precipitation mm = 546.9
|Jan rain days = 5.8
|Feb rain days = 4.4
|Mar rain days = 4.9
|Apr rain days = 7.6
|May rain days = 8.4
|Jun rain days = 6.4
|Jul rain days = 4.0
|Aug rain days = 5.4
|Sep rain days = 6.4
|Oct rain days = 6.6
|Nov rain days = 5.6
|Dec rain days = 5.8
|year rain days= 71.1
|Jan snow days = 
|Feb snow days = 
|Mar snow days = 
|Apr snow days = 
|May snow days = 
|Jun snow days = 
|Jul snow days = 
|Aug snow days = 
|Sep snow days = 
|Oct snow days = 
|Nov snow days = 
|Dec snow days = 
|year snow days= 
|source 1 = Servei Meteorològic de Catalunya<ref name="meteocat">{{cite web 
| publisher = Meteorological Service of Catalonia
| url = http://static-m.meteo.cat/wordpressweb/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/30083307/Bages.pdf
| title = Climatologia. El Bages. 1971–2000
| access-date = 8 June 2016}}</ref>
}}

== Main sights ==
[[File:Seu de Manresa.JPG|thumb|La Seu from the Tower of Santa Caterina]]
Three bridges cross the Cardener River. The 14th-century [[basilica of Santa Maria de la Seu]] stands on a rock above the oldest bridge. La Seu is the principal monument of Manresa. The church we can see today was designed by Berenguer de Montagut who also designed [[Santa Maria del Mar, Barcelona]]. The architectural style is characteristic of Catalan Gothic. The work began in 1325, but the church was not finished until the end of the 15th century.<ref>{{cite web|last=Manresa Ciutat mil- lenária|title=Monuments and Places of Interest|url=http://manresaturisme.cat/eng/la-ciutat/monuments-i-indrets/basilica-de-santa-maria-de-la-seu|publisher=Adjuntament de Manresa|access-date=20 April 2011}}</ref> The municipal museum is housed in the cloisters of the 17th-century church of Sant Ignasi. This church is part of the Sanctuary [[Cave of Saint Ignatius]] (in Catalan ''Cova de Sant Ignasi''), built over a cave in which [[Saint Ignatius of Loyola]] is said to have prayed and meditated.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Cave. Place of pilgrimage and worship|url=http://www.covamanresa.cat/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=45&Itemid=65&lang=en|website=Cova de Sant Ignasi|access-date=5 August 2014}}</ref>

==Economy==
Industry in the town covers textile-making, [[metallurgy]], and glass manufacture.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manresa |url=https://www.city.cat/manresa |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=www.city.cat}}</ref>

==Sport==
[[Bàsquet Manresa]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Relación de SAD — Portal del Consejo Superior de Deportes |url=http://www.csd.gob.es/csd/asociaciones/6SAD/relacion-sad/ |publisher=[[Consejo Superior de Deportes]] |access-date=1 July 2018 |language=es-ES |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170402211548/http://www.csd.gob.es/csd/asociaciones/6SAD/relacion-sad/ |archive-date=2 April 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> is a professional [[basketball]] club based at the [[Pavelló Nou Congost]]. They play in the [[Liga ACB|Spanish Premier Championship]] which they won once, in 1998.

==Major events==
The [[Fira Mediterrania in Manresa]] is held the first complete weekend in November every year. It is the main meeting point and trade fair of the mediterranean world, folk and roots artists with distributors, organisers, agencies, labels, export offices, instrument makers and dealers, journalists and other professionals.

==Manresa Town Hall==
{{prose|date=August 2016}}
The original building dates back to the 19th century.

Remodeling was agreed to be needed due to the old building's impractical use in Modern times. At the end of 2004, a competition was held to remodel the building with the aim of easing its disabled circulation.

The Barcelona-based Add + Arquitectura was selected and the project was completed in 2008. Add partners Manuel Bailo and Rosa Rull were responsible for the design. Bailo and Rull's key move was to partly demolish and extend the rear south-west wall of the town hall in order to implant a new circulation core

The front of the building maintained its traditional structure but at the rear of the building, the elevator and staircase are encased in a "cubist cacoon".<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Slessor|first=Catherine|title=030|magazine=Architectural Review|date=April 2009|volume=225|issue=1346|pages=060–067}}</ref>

==Places borrowing the name==
*Because of the town's association with [[Saint Ignatius of Loyola|St. Ignatius]], the novitiate house of the English province of the [[Society of Jesus|Jesuits]] is called Manresa House. Formerly in [[Roehampton]] in the [[London]] suburbs, it is now in [[Birmingham]].
*SEARSOLIN, the extension/outreach research center of [[Xavier University – Ateneo de Cagayan]], is also called the Manresa Farm.
*[[Manresa School]] takes its name from the town of Manresa, because [[Candida Maria of Jesus|Saint Candida Maria de Jesus]], the foundress of the [[Congregation of the Hijas de Jesús|congregation]] that runs the school, is influenced by Ignatian spirituality.
*[http://www.manresala.org/ Manresa House of Retreats] was founded by the Jesuit religious order on the banks of the Mississippi River, midway between Baton Rouge and New Orleans, in Convent, Louisiana. The 130-acre campus hosts three-day preached retreats for men, made in silence, based on the Spiritual Exercises of Saint Ignatius Loyola.
*[[Manresa Island]] is a 144-acre coastal property in Norwalk, Connecticut, that is the site of a decommissioned [[coal-fired power plant]].
*[[Manresa State Beach]] is a state-protected beach on [[Monterey Bay]] near [[Watsonville, California|Watsonville]] in [[Santa Cruz County, California]].

==External relations==

===Twin towns===
*Sant Joan de Vilatorrada
*Sant Vicenç de Castellet

===European cooperation===
* Manresa is a member city of [[Eurotowns]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eurotowns.org/|title=Eurotowns – network of medium-sized cities|website=Eurotowns}}</ref>

==Famous people==
* [[Juan Ignacio Cirac Sasturain]], physicist
* [[Toni Elías]], professional motorcycle racer and inaugural champion of the Moto2 World Championship.
* [[Manuel Estiarte]], former water polo player
* [[Manel Fontdevila]], cartoonist
* [[Pol Freixanet]], Spanish footballer
* [[Joaquín Gomis Cornet]], Carlist politician and businessman
* [[Jordi Lardín]], former footballer
* [[Rafael de Mestre]], electric car pioneer and racing driver
* [[Maria Picassó]], illustrator
* [[Nuria Rial]], soprano
* [[Joan Ribó]], mayor of [[Valencia]]
* [[Berto Romero]], humorist

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
* Panareda Clopés, Josep Maria; Rios Calvet, Jaume; Rabella Vives, Josep Maria (1989). ''Guia de Catalunya'', Barcelona: Caixa de Catalunya. {{ISBN|84-87135-01-3}} (Spanish). {{ISBN|84-87135-02-1}} (Catalan).
* [[Henry John Chaytor|Chaytor H.J.]], (1933). ''A History of Aragon and Catalonia'', London: Methuen & CO. LTD. DP125.C5
* Trueta J., (1946). ''The Spirit of Catalonia'', London: Oxford University Press. DP302.C62T7
* Balcells Albert, Walker J. Geoffrey, (1995). '' Catalan Nationalism'', New York: St. Martin's Press. {{ISBN|0-312-12611-5}}
* Roig Sebastiá, (2008). ''Catalonia'', Triangle Postals. {{ISBN|978-84-8478-310-7}}
* {{cite magazine|last=Slessor|first=Catherine|title=030|magazine=Architectural Review|date=April 2009|volume=225|issue=1346|pages=060–067}}
* {{cite journal|last=Fynn-Paul|first=Jeffrey|title=Tartars in Spain: renaissance slavery in the Catalan city of Manresa, c.1408.|journal=Journal of Medieval History|date=December 2008|volume=34|issue=4|pages=347–359|doi=10.1016/j.jmedhist.2008.09.006|s2cid=159594926}}
* {{cite web|last=Ven|title=Tourism in Manresa|url=http://www.spain.info/en/ven/otros-destinos/manresa.html|publisher=Turespaña|access-date=20 April 2011}}
* {{cite web|last=Manresa Ciutat mil- lenária|title=Monuments and Places of Interest|url=http://manresaturisme.cat/eng/la-ciutat/monuments-i-indrets/basilica-de-santa-maria-de-la-seu|publisher=Adjuntament de Manresa|access-date=20 April 2011}}
* {{cite web|title=Assignia Manresa Basketball Team|url=http://www.eurobasket.com/team.asp?Cntry=Spain&Team=318&Page=5|publisher=Eurobasket Inc.|access-date=20 April 2011}}
*{{cite magazine|last=Slessor|first=Catherine|title=030|magazine=Architectural Review|date=April 2009|volume=225|issue=1346|pages=060–067}}

'''Attribution'''
* {{Jewish Encyclopedia |title=Manresa |url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?letter=M&artid=157}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Manresa |volume=17 |page=598 |short=x}}
* [http://www.ajmanresa.cat/ Official website] {{in lang|ca}}
* [http://manresaturisme.cat/eng/ Manresa tourist] {{in lang|en}}
* [http://www.seudemanresa.cat/EN/index.php Official website of The See basilica] {{in lang|en}}
* [http://aplicacions.municat.gencat.cat/index.php?page=consulta&mostraEns=0811360009 Government data pages] {{in lang|ca}}
* [http://www.manresala.org/ Manresa House of Retreats website]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Manresa
|N  = [[Sant Joan de Vilatorrada]]
|NE = [[Sant Fruitós de Bages]]
|E  = [[El Pont de Vilomara i Rocafort]]
|SE = [[Sant Vicenç de Castellet]]
|S  = [[Castellgalí]]
|SW = [[Sant Salvador de Guardiola]]
|W  = [[Rajadell]]
|NW = [[Fonollosa]]
}}

{{Bages}}
{{Municipalities in Barcelona}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Manresa| ]]
[[Category:Municipalities in Bages]]