View source for Manila Light Rail Transit System

{{Short description|Urban rail system in the Philippines}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Use Philippine English|date=October 2022}}
{{Featured article}}
{{Infobox public transit
| name = Manila Light Rail Transit System
| image = Lrtalogo.svg
| imagesize = 85px
| image2 = LRT-1 Mitsubishi-CAF 4th Gen 2023-10-29.jpg
| imagesize2 = 300px
| caption2 = A [[LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)|Line 1]] train at [[Central Terminal (LRT)|Central Terminal station]]
| image3 = LRT-2 Cubao 2023-06-04.jpg
| imagesize3 = 300px
| caption3 = A [[LRT Line 2 (Metro Manila)|Line 2]] train at [[Araneta Center–Cubao station (LRT)|Araneta Center–Cubao station]]
| owner = [[Light Rail Transit Authority]]
| locale = [[Metro Manila]], [[Philippines]]
| transit_type = [[Rapid transit]]/[[Light metro]]
| lines = 2 (operational){{br}}1 (''planned'') 
| stations = 38 (present){{br}}8 (''planned'')
| ridership = 305,264 (2022)<ref name="ridership">{{Cite news|last=Abadilla |first=Emmie V. |date=2023-04-12 |title=10 regional airports up for sale - Bautista |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2023/04/12/sec-bautista-transport-key-to-national-recovery |access-date=2023-04-13}}</ref>
| annual_ridership = 109.63 million (2022)
| chief_executive = 
| headquarters = 
| website = {{url|www.lrta.gov.ph/|Light Rail Transit Authority}}{{br}}{{url|https://lrmc.ph/|Light Rail Manila Corporation}}
| began_operation = {{start date and age|1984|12|1}}
| operator = '''Line 1:'''{{br}}[[Light Rail Manila Corporation]]{{br}}'''Line 2:'''{{br}}Light Rail Transit Authority
| marks = 
| character = [[Grade separation#Railways|Grade separated]]{{efn|While the rest of the system is mostly [[Viaduct|elevated]], Line 2 has an [[Tunnel|underground]] section between {{stn|Anonas}} and {{stn|Santolan|line=2}}.}}
| stock = [[Light rail vehicles]] (Line 1)<br>[[Electric multiple unit]]s (Line 2)
| vehicles = 331 vehicles (88 sets)
| train_length = 3–4 cars
| headway = 8 minutes (average)
| system_length = {{convert|43.5|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| notrack = [[Double-track railway|Double-track]]
| track_gauge = {{RailGauge|sg|allk=on}}
| minimum_radius_of_curvature = {{convert|100|-|175|m|ft|abbr=on}} (mainline);<ref name="line2maintenance" /><ref name="jica2013study-1" /> {{convert|25|-|100|m|ft|abbr=on}} (depot)<ref name="line2maintenance">{{cite report |date=August 9, 2017 |title=Maintenance of the Manila LRT Line 2 System, Terms of Reference | author = Light Rail Transit Authority |url=http://publiccontent.sinpro.cz/PublicFiles/2017/11/26/PB17-167-8.Bidding%20Document.072523311.pdf |publisher=Light Rail Transit Philippines |access-date=2022-01-17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612124628/http://publiccontent.sinpro.cz/PublicFiles/2017/11/26/PB17-167-8.Bidding%20Document.072523311.pdf |archive-date=2020-06-12 }}</ref><ref name="jica2013study-1" />
| el = [[Overhead line]]s
| average_speed = {{convert|60|km/h|abbr=on}}
| top_speed = {{convert|80|km/h|abbr=on}}
| map = {{Manila Light Rail Transit System}}
| map_name = System diagram
| map_state = collapsed
}}
The '''Manila Light Rail Transit System''', commonly known as the '''LRT''', is an [[urban rail transit]] system that primarily serves [[Metro Manila]], Philippines. Although categorized as a [[light rail]] system because it originally used light rail vehicles, it presently has characteristics of a [[rapid transit]] system, such as high passenger throughput, exclusive right-of-way, and later use of full metro rolling stock. The LRT is jointly-operated by the [[Light Rail Transit Authority]] (LRTA), a government corporation attached to the [[Department of Transportation (Philippines)|Department of Transportation]] (DOTr), and the [[Light Rail Manila Corporation]] (LRMC). Along with the [[Manila Metro Rail Transit System]] and the [[PNR Metro Commuter Line|Metro Commuter Line]] of the [[Philippine National Railways]], the system makes up Metro Manila's rail infrastructure.

The LRT's {{convert|43.5|km|mi|adj=mid|sp=us|-route}} is mostly elevated and consists of two lines and 38 stations. [[LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)|Line&nbsp;1]], also called the Green Line (formerly known as the Yellow Line), opened in 1984 and travels a north–south route. [[LRT Line 2 (Metro Manila)|Line&nbsp;2]], the Blue Line (formerly, the Purple Line), was completed in 2004 and runs east–west. The original Line 1 was built as a no-frills means of public transport and lacks some features and comforts, but the newer Line 2 has been built with additional standards and criteria in mind like [[barrier-free]] access. In 2022, the system served 305,264 passengers on average.<ref name="ridership" /> Security guards at each station conduct inspections and provide assistance. A reusable plastic magnetic ticketing system has replaced the previous token-based system in 2001, and the Flash Pass was introduced as a step towards a more integrated transportation system. In 2015, the plastic magnetic tickets were replaced with the [[Beep (smart card)|Beep]], a contactless smart card, introduced to provide a common ticketing to 3 rail lines and some bus lines.

Many passengers who ride the system also take various forms of road-based public transport, such as [[bus]]es and [[jeepney]]s, to and from a station to reach their intended destination. Although it aims to reduce [[traffic congestion]] and travel times in the metropolis, the transportation system has only been partially successful due to the rising number of motor vehicles and rapid [[urbanization]]. The network's expansion is set on resolving this problem.

==Network==
The network consists of two lines: the original Line&nbsp;1 or Green Line, and the more modern Line&nbsp;2, or Purple Line. Line 1 is aligned in a general north–south direction along over {{Convert|25.9|km|mi|sp=us}} of fully elevated track. From [[Monumento station|Monumento]] it runs south above the hustle and bustle of [[Rizal Avenue|Rizal]] and [[Taft Avenue]]s along [[Grade separation|grade-separated]] concrete viaducts allowing exclusive [[Right-of-way (transportation)|right-of-way]] before ending in [[Dr. Santos station|Dr. Santos]].<ref name="yellow">{{Cite web|url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/line1_metrorail.htm|title=The Line 1 System – The Yellow Line|publisher=[[Light Rail Transit Authority]]|access-date=January 19, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090301185545/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/line1_metrorail.htm |archive-date=March 1, 2009 }}</ref><ref name=provision>[[United Nations Centre for Human Settlements]]. (1993). [https://books.google.com/books?id=lkH5Twa-OakC ''Provision of Travelway Space for Urban Public Transport in Developing Countries'']. UN–HABITAT. pp. 15, 26–70, 160–179. {{ISBN|92-1-131220-5}}.</ref> A three-station east–west extension along [[Epifanio de los Santos Avenue]] that will connect Monumento to the [[North Avenue Grand Central station|North Avenue station]] was opened in 2010, although the common station is still under construction. Including the extension's two recently opened stations, [[Balintawak station|Balintawak]] and [[Roosevelt station (Line 1)|Roosevelt]], Line 1 has twenty stations.<ref name=Balintawak>{{Cite news|url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/metro-manila/03/22/10/lrt-opens-balintawak-station|title=LRTA opens Balintawak station|date=March 22, 2010|website=[[ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs]]|access-date=March 24, 2010}}</ref><ref name=Roosevelt>{{cite news|author=Kwok, Abigail |title=New Line 1 station opens in Quezon City |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/metro/view/20101022-299131/New-LRT-station-opens-in-Quezon-City |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |date=October 22, 2010 |access-date=October 23, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101023171959/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/metro/view/20101022-299131/New-LRT-station-opens-in-Quezon-City |archive-date=October 23, 2010 }}</ref> Line 2 consists of thirteen stations in a general east–west direction over {{Convert|17.6|km|mi|sp=us}} of mostly elevated track, with one station lying underground ([[Katipunan station|Katipunan]]). Commencing in [[Recto station|Recto]], the line follows a corridor defined by Claro M. Recto and Legarda Avenues, Ramon Magsaysay and [[Aurora Boulevard]], and the [[Marikina-Infanta Highway]] before reaching the other end of the line at [[Antipolo station|Antipolo]].<ref name="purple">{{Cite web|url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/line2_megatren.htm|title=The Line 2 System – The Purple Line |publisher=[[Light Rail Transit Authority]]|access-date=January 19, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090317074053/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/line2_megatren.htm |archive-date=March 17, 2009 }}</ref> The system passes through the cities of [[Caloocan]], [[Manila]], [[Marikina]], [[Pasay]], [[Pasig]], [[Quezon City]], and [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]].

During peak hours, Line 1 fields 30 trains at most; the time interval between the departure of one and the arrival of another, called ''[[headway]]'', is a minimum of 3–4 minutes. On January 9, 2009, Line 1 fielded 31 trains with a headway of 2 minutes to service devotees in celebration of the [[Feast of the Black Nazarene]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=LRT-1 set new ridership record during Black Nazarene feast|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/143668/lrt-1-set-new-ridership-record-during-black-nazarene-feast/story/|publisher=GMA News and Public Affairs|access-date=January 9, 2022|date=2009-01-11}}</ref> Line 2 on the other hand, runs 10 trains at most with a minimum headway of 5 minutes.<ref name="LRTA Annual 2006">{{Cite book
 |url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/files/2006%20Annual%20Report.pdf
 |author=[[Light Rail Transit Authority]]. Planning Department/MIS Division.
 |title=Light Rail Transit Authority Annual Report 2006
 |publisher=Author
 |year=2007
 |pages=18–20
 |access-date=January 15, 2010 |url-status=dead
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080708181152/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/files/2006%20Annual%20Report.pdf
 |archive-date=July 8, 2008 }}</ref> With the proper upgrades, Line 1 is designed to potentially run with headway as low as 1.5 minutes.<ref name=":0">Gardner, Geoff and Francis Kuhn. (1992). [http://www.transport-links.org/transport_links/filearea/publications/1_670_PA1272_1992.pdf ''Appropriate Mass Transit in Developing Cities'']. Paper presented at the 6th World Conference on Transport Research, Lyon, June 1992. p. 7. Retrieved March 11, 2010 from UK Department for International Development's Transport-Links Website.</ref> Line 2 can run with headway as low as 2 minutes with throughput of up to 60,000 passengers per hour per direction (pphpd).<ref name=halcrow>{{Cite web|publisher=[[Halcrow Group Limited|Halcrow]]|url=http://www.halcrow.com/Our-projects/Project-details/Manila-LRT-Philippines/|title=Manila light rail transit – Purple Line|access-date=May 16, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100426021331/http://www.halcrow.com/Our-projects/Project-details/Manila-LRT-Philippines/ |archive-date=April 26, 2010 }}</ref>

In conjunction with the [[MRT Line 3 (Metro Manila)|Line 3]]—also known as the new Yellow Line, a similar but separate metro rail system operated by the private [[Metro Rail Transit Corporation]] (MRTC)—the system provides the platform for the vast majority of rail travel in the Metro Manila area. Together with the PNR, the three constitute the SRTS.<ref name="srts">{{cite news | author=Villanueva, Marichu. | title=GMA Launches transit system | url=http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=213704&publicationSubCategoryId=65 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130131083204/http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=213704&publicationSubCategoryId=65 | url-status=dead | archive-date=January 31, 2013 | work=[[The Philippine Star]] | date=July 15, 2003 | access-date=January 18, 2010 }}</ref> Recto and [[Doroteo Jose station|Doroteo Jose]] serve as the sole interchange between both lines of the LRTA. [[Araneta Center-Cubao station (Line 2)|Araneta Center-Cubao]] and [[EDSA station (Line 1)|EDSA]] stations serve as interchanges between the LRTA and the MRTC networks. To transfer lines, passengers will need to exit from the station they are in then pass through covered walkways connecting the stations.<ref name="missinglinks">{{Cite web|title=The Missing Links: Now a Reality |url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/system_links.htm |publisher=[[Light Rail Transit Authority]] |access-date=April 7, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924004545/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/system_links.htm |archive-date=September 24, 2006 }}</ref> [[Blumentritt station (Line 1)|Blumentritt station]] meanwhile is immediately above its [[Blumentritt railway station|PNR counterpart]].

Baclaran, [[Central Terminal station (Line 1)|Central Terminal]], and Monumento are Line 1's three terminal stations; Recto, Araneta Center-Cubao, and Antipolo are the terminal stations on Line 2. All of them are located on or near major transport routes where passengers can take other forms of transportation such as privately run buses and [[jeepney]]s to reach their ultimate destination both within Metro Manila and in neighboring provinces. The system has two depots: Line 1 uses the Pasay Depot at LRTA headquarters in Pasay, near Baclaran station, while the Line 2 uses the Santolan Depot built by [[Sumitomo Corporation|Sumitomo]] in Pasig.<ref name="yellow" /><ref name="purple" /><ref name=halcrow/><ref name=contact>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/contact_us.htm|title=Contact Us|publisher=Light Rail Transit Authority|access-date=March 11, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090321074716/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/contact_us.htm |archive-date=March 21, 2009 }}</ref>

Both lines are open every day of the year from 4:30&nbsp;am [[Philippine Standard Time|PST]] ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]+8) until 10:15&nbsp;pm on weekdays, and from 5:00&nbsp;am until 9:50&nbsp;pm on weekends, except when changes have been announced.<ref name="schedule">{{Cite web|url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/train_schedule.htm|title=Train Schedule|publisher=[[Light Rail Transit Authority]]|access-date=January 19, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090301134003/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/train_schedule.htm |archive-date=March 1, 2009 }}</ref> During [[Holy Week]], a [[Public holidays in the Philippines|public holiday in the Philippines]], the rail system is closed for annual maintenance, owing to fewer commuters and traffic around the metro, with normal operations resuming after [[Easter Sunday]].<ref name="holyweek">{{cite news |author=Ronda, Rainier Allan |title=LRT, MRT closed for Holy Week |url=http://www.philstar.com/metro/562500/lrt-mrt-closed-holy-week |work=[[The Philippine Star]] |publisher=PhilStar Daily, Inc. |date=March 31, 2010 |access-date=December 21, 2021 }}</ref> During the [[Christmas in the Philippines|Christmas season]], operating hours are usually extended on the days leading up to [[Christmas Day]],<ref>{{Cite news|title=MRT-3, LRT-1, LRT-2 to extend operating hours for holidays —DOTr |date=December 5, 2024 |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/929075/mrt-3-lrt-1-lrt-2-to-extend-operating-hours-for-holidays-dotr/story/ |work=GMA Integrated News |access-date=2025-02-06}}</ref> but are shortened on [[Christmas Eve]] and [[New Year's Eve]] to allow its staff to celebrate the holidays with their families.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Here are the LRT-1, LRT-2, MRT-3 schedules for Christmas 2021|first=Leandre|last=Grecia|url=https://www.topgear.com.ph/news/motoring-news/lrt-mrt-train-schedules-christmas-2021-a4354-20211221|work=Top Gear Philippines|date=21 Dec 2021|access-date=2021-12-21}}</ref> Notice of special schedules is given through press releases, via the [[public address system]] in every station, and on the LRTA and LRMC websites.

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;font-align:center;"
|-
! Name and color
! data-sort-type="date" | Opened
! Last extension
! data-sort-type="number" | Stations
! data-sort-type="number" | Length
! class="unsortable" colspan="2" | Termini
|- align=center
! style="background-color:#{{rcr|Manila LRT|1}}" | [[Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 1|<span style="color:white;">Line 1</span>]]
| {{Start date|1984|12|01}}
| {{Start date|2024|11|16}}
| 25
| {{convert|25.9|km|mi|1|abbr=on}}
| {{stn|Fernando Poe Jr.}}
| {{stn|Dr. Santos}}
|- align=center
! style="background-color:#{{rcr|Manila LRT|2}}" | [[Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 2|<span style="color:white;">Line 2</span>]]
| {{Start date|2003|04|05}}
| {{Start date|2021|07|05}}
| 13
| {{convert|17.6|km|mi|1|abbr=on}}
| {{stn|Recto}}
| {{stn|Antipolo}}
|-
! colspan="7" |{{nobold|<small>Lines and stations in ''italics'' are either under construction, not yet operational, or have been closed.</small>}}
|}

==History==
[[File:Steam-tram-malabon.jpg|thumb|Steam-powered tranvia that served Malabon and Tondo from 1888 to 1898.]]

===Early train system (1878–1945)===
{{Main|Tranvía (Manila)|3 = }}

The system's roots date back to 1878 when an official from Spain's Department of Public Works for the Philippines submitted a proposal for a Manila streetcar system. The system proposed was a five-line network emanating from Plaza San Gabriel in [[Binondo, Manila|Binondo]], running to [[Intramuros]], [[Malate, Manila|Malate]], [[Malacañan Palace]], [[Sampaloc, Manila|Sampaloc]] and [[Tondo, Manila|Tondo]]. The project was approved and in 1882, Spanish-German businessman [[Zóbel de Ayala family|Jacobo Zóbel de Zangroniz]], Spanish engineer [[Luciano M. Bremon]], and Spanish banker [[Adolfo Bayo]], founded the ''Compañia de los Tranvias de Filipinas'' to operate the concession granted by the Spanish colonial government. The Malacañan Palace line was later replaced with a line linking Manila to [[Malabon]], and construction began in 1885. Four German-made steam-operated locomotives and eight coaches for nine passengers each, composed the initial assets of the company. The Manila-Malabon line was the first line of the new system to be finished, opening to the public on October 20, 1888, with the rest of the network opening in 1889.<ref name="Visitacion">{{cite book | title=Landmarks of Manila, 1571–1930 | author=R. De la Torre, Visitacion | year=1981 | publisher=Filipinas Foundation | location=Manila | page=41}}</ref> From the beginning it proved to be a very popular line, with services originating from Tondo as early as 5:30&nbsp;a.m. and ending at 7:30&nbsp;p.m., while trips from Malabon were from 6:00&nbsp;a.m. until 8:00&nbsp;p.m., every hour on the hour in the mornings, and every half-hour beginning at 1:30&nbsp;p.m.<ref name="Isabelo">{{cite book | title=El folk-lore Filipino | author=de los Reyes, Isabelo | year=1890 | publisher=University of the Philippines Press | at= Appendix "Malabon Monográfico" | chapter= III | author-link=Isabelo de los Reyes}}</ref>

With the American takeover of the Philippines, the [[Philippine Commission]] allowed the [[Meralco|Manila Electric Railroad and Light Company]] (Meralco) to take over the properties of the ''Compañia de los Tranvias de Filipinas'',<ref>{{cite book | title=The Philippines' Oldest Business House | year=1984 | publisher=Filipinas Foundation | location=Makati | pages=68–70}}</ref> with the first of twelve mandated electric [[Tranvía (Manila)|''tranvia'']] (tram) lines operated by MERALCO opening in Manila in 1905.<ref name="central" /> At the end of the first year around {{convert|63|km|mi|sp=us}} of track had been laid.<ref name="Meralco">{{cite web
 |url=http://www.meralco.com.ph/Corporate/about/mh_100_years2.htm
 |author=Manila Electric Company (Meralco).
 |title=History of Meralco
 |date=November 10, 2004
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090918153259/http://www.meralco.com.ph/Corporate/about/mh_100_years2.htm
 |archive-date=September 18, 2009 |access-date=January 18, 2010
|publisher=Meralco company website
}}</ref> A five-year reconstruction program was initiated in 1920, and by 1924, 170 cars serviced many parts of the city and its outskirts.<ref name="Meralco"/> Although it was an efficient system for the city's 220,000 inhabitants, by the 1930s the streetcar network had stopped expanding.<ref name="central" /><ref name="Meralco"/><ref name=lrta-history>{{cite web|title=Light Rail Transit Authority Company History |url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/lrt_history.htm |publisher=[[Light Rail Transit Authority]] |access-date=October 7, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825023912/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/lrt_history.htm |archive-date=August 25, 2012 }}</ref>
[[File:Tramvia co history.png|thumb|alt=An electric trolley with a man hanging off one side rounds a corner of a street lined by two-story stores and horse-drawn [[kalesa]]s.|A ''tranvia'' from the 1910s]]

===Post-war (1945–1977)===

The system was closed during [[World War II]]. By the war's end, the [[tram]] network was damaged beyond repair amid a city that lay in ruins. It was dismantled and [[jeepney]]s became the city's primary form of transportation, plying the routes once served by the tram lines.<ref name="central" /> With the return of buses and cars to the streets, traffic congestion became a problem.

In 1966, the Philippine government granted a franchise to Philippine Monorail Transport Systems (PMTS) for the operation of an inner-city [[monorail]].<ref name="franchise">Republic of the Philippines.  (Approved: June 14, 1966). [http://www.chanrobles.com/republicacts/republicactno4652.html Republic Act No.&nbsp;4652 – An Act Granting the Philippine Monorail Transit System, Incorporated a Franchise to Establish, Maintain and Operate a Monorail Transportation Service in the City of Manila and Suburbs and Cebu City and Province]. Retrieved December 13, 2009 from the Chan Robles Virtual Law Library.</ref> The monorail's feasibility was still being evaluated when the government asked the [[Japan International Cooperation Agency]] (JICA) to conduct a separate transport study.<ref name="lrta-history" /> Prepared between 1971 and 1973, the JICA study proposed a series of circumferential and radial roads, an inner-city rapid transit system, a commuter railway, and an expressway with three branches.<ref name="lrta-history" /> After further examination, many recommendations were adopted; however, none of them involved rapid transit and the monorail was never built. PMTS' franchise subsequently expired in 1974.<ref name="franchise2">Republic of the Philippines.  (Enacted: October 4, 1971). [http://www.chanrobles.com/republicacts/republicactno6417.html Republic Act No.&nbsp;6417 – An Act Amending Sections Three And Seven Of Republic Act Numbered Forty-Six Hundred Fifty-Two, Entitled "An Act Granting the Philippine Monorail Transit System, Incorporated a Franchise to Establish, Maintain and Operate a Monorail Transportation Service in the City Of Manila and Suburbs and Cebu City and Province"]. Retrieved December 13, 2009 from the Chan Robles Virtual Law Library.</ref>

Another study was performed between 1976 and 1977, this time by [[Hyder Consulting|Freeman Fox and Associates]] and funded by the [[World Bank]]. It originally suggested a street-level railway, but its recommendations were revised by the newly formed Ministry of Transportation and Communications (now the [[Department of Transportation (Philippines)|DOTr]]). The ministry instead called for an elevated system because of the city's many intersections.<ref name="central" /> However, the revisions increased the price of the project from ₱1.5&nbsp;billion to ₱2&nbsp;billion. A supplementary study was conducted and completed within three months.

===Advent of Line 1 (1977&ndash;2003)===

[[File:LRT1-Manila towards Taft Station.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=Below, on elevated tracks surrounded by a daytime urban landscape of roads, cars, buildings, and billboards, a metro train approaches, its front driver's window framed on the sides by angled planes and yellow markings visible as the rest of the train trails behind curving slightly to the right into the distance.|A Line 1 train approaching EDSA station]]

President [[Ferdinand Marcos]] created the [[Light Rail Transit Authority]] (LRTA) on July 12, 1980, by virtue of Executive Order No.&nbsp;603<ref name="eo603">{{cite web | author=Republic of the Philippines. | title=Executive Order No.&nbsp;603 | url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/eo603.htm | date=July 12, 1980 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070519193039/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/eo603.htm | archive-date=May 19, 2007}} Retrieved February 15, 2010 from the [[Light Rail Transit Authority]] Website.</ref> giving birth to what was then dubbed the "Metrorail". First Lady [[Imelda Marcos]], then governor of Metro Manila and minister of human settlements, became its first chairman. Although responsible for the operations of the system, the LRTA primarily confined itself to setting and regulating fares, planning extensions and determining rules and policies, leaving the day-to-day operations to a sister company of Meralco called the Meralco Transit Organization (METRO Inc.).<ref name="razon">{{cite journal | author=Razon, Evangeline M. | title=The Manila LRT System | journal=Japan Railway and Transport Review | volume=16 | pages=38–39 | url=http://www.jrtr.net/jrtr16/pdf/f38_razon.pdf | date=June 1998 | access-date=December 15, 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090824075435/http://www.jrtr.net/jrtr16/pdf/f38_razon.pdf | archive-date=August 24, 2009 | url-status=dead }}</ref> Initial assistance for the project came in the form of a ₱300&nbsp;million [[soft loan]] from the [[Belgium|Belgian]] government, with an additional ₱700&nbsp;million coming from a consortium of companies comprising [[SA Ateliers de Constructions Electriques de Charleroi]] (ACEC) and [[La Brugeoise et Nivelles SA.|BN Constructions Ferroviaires et Métalliques]] (today both part of [[Bombardier Transportation]] and now [[Alstom]]), Tractionnel Engineering International (TEI) and Transurb Consult (TC).<ref name="razon" /><ref name="railway-tech">{{cite news
|url=http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/manila/
|author=Net Resources International. [ca. 2010]
|title=Manila Light Rail Extension, Philippines
|work=Railway Technology
|access-date=January 14, 2010}}</ref> Although expected to pay for itself from revenues within twenty years of the start of operation, it was initially estimated that the system would lose money until at least 1993. For the first year of operation, despite a projected ₱365&nbsp;million in gross revenue, losses of ₱216&nbsp;million were thought likely.<ref name="lrta-history" />

Construction of Line 1 started in September 1981 with the Construction and Development Corporation of the Philippines (now the [[Philippine National Construction Corporation]]) as the contractor with assistance from Losinger & Cie, a Swiss firm (today Losinger Marazzi), and the Philippine subsidiary of the U.S.-based [[Dravo Corporation]]. The government appointed Electrowatt Engineering Services of [[Zürich]] to oversee construction and eventually became responsible for the extension studies of future expansion projects.<ref name="lrta-history" /> The Electrowatt plan—which is still used for planning future metro lines—consisted of a {{convert|150|km|mi|sp=us|adj=on|abbr=off}} network of rapid transit lines spanning all major corridors within 20 years, including a line on the Radial Road 6 alignment, one of the region's busiest road corridor.<ref name="otca">{{cite web|last1=Jose|first1=Ricardo|last2=Mabazza|first2=Daniel|last3=Lagman|first3=Marco Stefan|last4=Villasper|first4=Jonathan|title=Planning Metro Manila's Mass Transit System|url=http://www.dynamicglobalsoft.com/easts2015/program/pdf_files/1224.pdf|access-date=February 19, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420145940/http://www.dynamicglobalsoft.com/easts2015/program/pdf_files/1224.pdf|archive-date=April 20, 2017|url-status=dead|work=[[University of the Philippines Diliman]]}}</ref> 

The 1982 study of the system's network recommends lines that are proposed:<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dans Jr. |first=Jose P. |title=Metro Manila, from the Top of the LRT System |date=1987}}</ref>

#A first line will connect Baclaran and Monumento, although it is then still under construction.
# A second line would connect Recto to Aurora Boulevard.
# More lines that would run along EDSA, Quezon Boulevard, Quezon Avenue, Sta. Mesa, Shaw Boulevard, and Gil Puyat.

The line was test-run in March 1984, and the first half of Line 1, from Baclaran to Central Terminal, was opened on December 1, 1984. The second half, from [[Central Terminal station (Line 1)|Central Terminal]] to Monumento, was opened on May 12, 1985.<ref name="yellow" /> Overcrowding and poor maintenance took its toll a few years after opening. In 1990, the Line 1 fell so far into disrepair due to premature wear and tear that trains headed to Central Terminal station had to slow to a crawl to avoid further damage to the support beams below as cracks reportedly began to appear.<ref name="central">{{cite journal | author=Satre, Gary L. | title=The Metro Manila LRT System—A Historical Perspective | journal=Japan Railway and Transport Review | volume=16 | pages=33–37 | url=http://www.jrtr.net/jrtr16/pdf/f33_satre.pdf | date=June 1998 | access-date=May 8, 2006 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060505060037/http://www.jrtr.net/jrtr16/pdf/f33_satre.pdf | archive-date=May 5, 2006 | url-status=dead }}</ref> The premature aging of Line 1 led to an extensive refurbishing and structural capacity expansion program with a help of Japan's ODA.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Japan International Cooperation Agency|title=Line 1 Capacity Expansion Project|url=https://www.jica.go.jp/english/our_work/evaluation/oda_loan/post/2005/pdf/2-16_full.pdf|access-date=September 23, 2021}}</ref>

For the next few years Line 1 operations ran smoothly. In 2000, however, employees of METRO Inc. went on strike, paralyzing Line 1 operations from July 25 to August 2, 2000. Consequently, the LRTA did not renew its operating contract with METRO Inc. that expired on July 31, 2000, and assumed all operational responsibility.<ref name="yellow"/> At around 12:15&nbsp;pm on December 30, 2000, a bomb—later learned to have been planted by Islamic terrorists—went off in the front coach of a Line 1 train pulling into Blumentritt station, killing 11 and injuring over 60&nbsp;people in the most devastating of a series of attacks that day, now known as the [[Rizal Day bombings]].<ref name=bodies>{{cite news |author=Aning, Jerome. |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0Yc1AAAAIBAJ&dq=bombings&pg=1417%2C7268736 |title=Bodies tell of deadly force of LRT blast |newspaper=The Philippine Daily Inquirer |date=December 31, 2000 |access-date=March 14, 2010}}</ref><ref>GMA News Research. (January 23, 2009). [http://www.gmanews.tv/story/145645/rizal-day-bombing-chronology "Rizal Day bombing chronology"]. ''[[GMA News]]''. Retrieved March 14, 2010.</ref>

===The Line 2 project (2003&ndash;2021)===
With Japan's ODA amounting to 75 billion yen in total, the construction of Line 2 began in the 1990s.<ref name="JICA2009">{{cite web|last=Japan International Cooperation Agency|title=Metro Manila Strategic Mass Rail Transit Development|url=http://www.jica.go.jp/english/operations/evaluation/oda_loan/post/2009/pdf/philippines08.pdf|publisher=JICA Official Page|access-date=January 4, 2012|archive-date=July 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713092650/https://www.jica.go.jp/english/our_work/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2001, the [[Legarda station|Legarda]] portion of the project was briefly the site of the [[EDSA III|May 1 riots]] against the Philippine government, with one of the project's [[backhoe loader]]s being set on fire by protesters.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Frialde|first1=Mike|last2=Etolle|first2=Nestor|title=4 killed as Estrada supporters assault Palace|url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2001/05/02/90545/4-killed-estrada-supporters-assault-palace|access-date=March 25, 2024|work=[[The Philippine Star|Philstar.com]]|publisher=Philstar Global Corp.|date=May 2, 2001|quote=The mob also set a back hoe at the corner of Mendiola and Legarda streets on fire and threw rocks at the dispersal team which separated into two teams and continued to pursue the loyalists down Claro M. Recto Avenue.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Liwanag|first=Luis|title=Philippino Marines form a phalanx against fleeing pro-Estrada demonstrators|url=https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/philippino-marines-form-a-phalanx-against-fleeing-pro-news-photo/817148|website=[[Getty Images]]|access-date=March 26, 2024|date=June 22, 2002}}</ref> The first section of the line, from Santolan to Araneta Center-Cubao, was opened on April 5, 2003.<ref name="JICA2009"/> The second section, from Araneta Center-Cubao to [[Legarda station|Legarda]], was opened exactly a year later, with the entire line being fully operational by October 29, 2004<ref name="mrt-2">{{cite news|author=Bergonia, Allan. |title=Line 2 Recto Station Opens |url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/news/news_item_102804_RectoStationsOpens.htm |work=[[People's Journal (newspaper)|People's Journal]] |date=October 28, 2004 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050308020226/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/news/news_item_102804_RectoStationsOpens.htm |archive-date=March 8, 2005 }} Retrieved May 11, 2006 from the LRTA Website.</ref> During that time the Line 1 was modernized. Automated fare collection systems using magnetic stripe plastic tickets were installed; air-conditioned trains added; pedestrian walkways between Lines 1, 2, and [[Manila Metro Rail Transit System Line 3|3]] were completed.<ref name="missinglinks" /> In 2005, the LRTA made a profit of ₱68&nbsp;million, the first time the agency made a profit since the Line 1 became operational in 1984.<ref name="losses">{{Cite news|url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/news/news_item_060424_LRTAPostsProfit.htm|title=LRTA posts profit, pays P23M in income taxes|date=April 24, 2006|newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]|access-date=May 6, 2006|via=lrta.gov.ph|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060907083948/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/news/news_item_060424_LRTAPostsProfit.htm |archive-date=September 7, 2006 }}</ref>

A two-station, {{convert|3.8|km|mi|adj=on|sp=us}} extension of Line 2 eastward from [[Marikina]] up to Masinag, [[Antipolo]] in the province of [[Rizal (province)|Rizal]] opened to the public on July 5, 2021, six years after construction began in 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Leandre|last=Garcia|title=The new LRT-2 stations in Marikina and Antipolo are now operational|url=https://www.topgear.com.ph/news/motoring-news/lrt-2-east-extension-opening-a4354-20210705|work=Top Gear Philippines|date=2021-07-05|access-date=2021-07-05}}</ref>

===Line 1 concession and extension (2015&ndash;present)===
First proposed by [[SNC-Lavalin]], the south extension of Line 1 has 8&nbsp;stations over {{convert|11.7|km|mi|sigfig=1|sp=us}} ending in [[Bacoor]] in the province of [[Cavite]]. After Lavalin's bid was rejected by the Philippine government in 2005, the government worked with advisers ([[International Finance Corporation]], [[White & Case]], Halcrow, and others) to conduct an open-market invitation to tender for the construction of the extension and a 30-year concession to run it. An additional extension from Bacoor to [[Imus]] and from there a further extension to [[Dasmariñas]], both in Cavite, are also being considered.<ref name="snc-lavalin">{{cite news|author=Ho, Abigail L. |title=LRTA set to bid out $841-M light rail project |url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/news/news_item_101303_LrtaToSetBidLine6.htm |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |date=October 13, 2003 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051105042139/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/news/news_item_101303_LrtaToSetBidLine6.htm |archive-date=November 5, 2005 |access-date=April 7, 2006 |via=lrta.gov.ph}}</ref><ref name="lrtconsortium">{{cite news|author=Batino, Clarissa S. |title=Line 1 consortium seeks gov't. guarantee |url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/news/news_item_042005_LRT1Consortium.htm |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |date=April 20, 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051105041611/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/news/news_item_042005_LRT1Consortium.htm |archive-date=November 5, 2005 |access-date=April 7, 2006 |via=lrta.gov.ph}}</ref><ref name="extensionlrt">{{Cite web|publisher=[[Light Rail Transit Authority]]|url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/projects/proj_l1southex.htm|title=The Line&nbsp;1 South Extension Project|access-date=February 20, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060430014927/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/projects/proj_l1southex.htm |archive-date=April 30, 2006 }}</ref>

On March 22, 2012, the {{Philippine peso|60 billion|link=yes}} Line 1 south extension project was approved by the [[National Economic and Development Authority (Philippines)|National Economic and Development Authority]] (NEDA).<ref name="lrt1extension">{{cite report |title=MANILA LRT1 EXTENSION, OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE PROJECT |url=https://ppp.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/LRT1_CavExt_PIM_04Jun2012.pdf |website=Public-Private Partnership Center |access-date=December 23, 2021 |date=June 4, 2012 |author1=Department of Transportation and Communications|author-link1=Department of Transportation (Philippines)|author2=Light Rail Transit Authority|author-link2=Light Rail Transit Authority }}</ref> In line with this, in October 2014, the operations and maintenance of Line 1 was awarded to the [[Light Rail Manila Corporation]] (LRMC), a joint venture company of [[Metro Pacific Investments Corporation|Metro Pacific's]] Metro Pacific Light Rail Corporation (MPLRC), [[Ayala Corporation|Ayala Corporation's]] AC Infrastructure Holdings Corporation (AC Infra), and the Philippine Investment Alliance for Infrastructure's Macquarie Infrastructure Holdings (Philippines) PTE Ltd. (MIHPL).<ref>{{Cite web|title=DOTC awards LRT-1 Cavex PPP; starts bid for LRT-2 O&M|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2014/09/13/dotc-awards-lrt-1-cavex-ppp-starts-bid-for-lrt-2-om/|website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines|date=13 September 2014|access-date=23 December 2021}}</ref> The 32-year concession agreement took effect on September 12, 2015.<ref name="LRMC">{{cite web |url=http://lrmc.ph/company-profile/ |title=LRMC Company Profile |publisher=Light Rail Manila Corporation |access-date=September 13, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150823075044/http://lrmc.ph/company-profile/ |archive-date=August 23, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.manilatimes.net/lrmc-consortium-takes-over-lrt-1-operations/218737/ |title=LRMC consortium takes over LRT-1 operations |publisher=[[The Manila Times]] |date=September 14, 2015 |access-date=23 December 2021}}</ref>

The groundbreaking ceremony of the south extension took place on May 4, 2017,<ref>{{Cite news|first=Ivy|last=Saunar|title=₱65-billion light rail from Manila to Cavite begins construction|url=https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/05/04/P65-billion-light-rail-manila-cavite.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170505050209/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/05/04/P65-billion-light-rail-manila-cavite.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 5, 2017|work=CNN Philippines|date=May 4, 2017|access-date=2021-12-23}}</ref> with construction beginning in 2019. The first five stations (from [[Redemptorist station]] to [[Dr. Santos station]]) opened on November 16, 2024, while the second and third phases (from {{Stn|Zapote}} until {{stn|Niog}}, hampered by right-of-way issues, will start operations in 2031.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Marcos inaugurates LRT-1 Cavite Extension Phase 1; to open to public on Nov. 16 |first=Argyll Cyrus |last=Geducos |date=November 15, 2024 |url=https://mb.com.ph/2024/10/30/marcos-inaugurates-lrt1-cavite-extension-phase1 |work=Manila Bulletin |access-date=November 15, 2024}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
===Stations===
[[Image:LRT Baclaran Station.jpg|thumb|right|alt=A relatively empty boarding platform with only a handful of people identified by a sign as that at Vito Cruz station. Pebbles line the tracks and sunlight comes in from spaces open to the outside and large open flaps in the dark warehouse-like roof.|The concourse and platform areas of most Line 1 stations are both located on the same level.]] [[File:MRT-2 Araneta Center-Cubao Station.jpg|thumb|right|The concourse and platform areas of Line 2 stations are located on different levels.]]

With the exception of [[Katipunan station (Line 2)|Katipunan]] (which is underground), the LRTA's [[List of Strong Republic Transit System stations|38 stations]] are elevated.<ref name=yellow/><ref name=Balintawak/><ref name=purple/> They follow one of two different layouts. Most Line 1 stations are composed of only one level, accessible from the street below by stairway, containing the station's concourse and platform areas separated by [[fare gate]]s.<ref name=gabay>[http://www.lrta.gov.ph/citizenscharter/Mga%20Gabay%20sa%20Pasaherong%20Sasakay%20ng%20LRT.pdf ''Mga Gabay sa Pasaherong Sasakay ng LRT''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304192802/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/citizenscharter/Mga%20Gabay%20sa%20Pasaherong%20Sasakay%20ng%20LRT.pdf |date=March 4, 2016 }} [Tips for Passengers Riding the LRT]. [ca. 2010] (in Filipino). Light Rail Transit Authority. Retrieved March 13, 2010.</ref> The boarding platforms are {{convert|100|m|ftin|sp=us}} long and {{convert|3.5|m|ftin|sp=us}} wide.<ref name=provision/> [[Baclaran station|Baclaran]], [[Central Terminal station (Line 1)|Central Terminal]], [[Carriedo station|Carriedo]], [[Balintawak station|Balintawak]], [[Fernando Poe Jr. station (LRT)|Fernando Poe Jr.]] and [[North Avenue Grand Central station|North Avenue]] stations on the Line 1, and all Line 2 stations are composed of two levels: a lower concourse level and an upper platform level (reversed in the case of Katipunan). Fare gates separate the concourse level from the stairs and escalators that provide access to the platform level. All stations have [[side platform]]s except for Baclaran, which has one side and one [[island platform]], and Santolan, which has an island platform.

The concourse area at LRTA stations typically contain a passenger assistance office (PAO), ticket purchasing areas (ticket counters and/or ticket machines), and at least one stall that sells food and drinks.<ref name=E1970>Light Rail Transit Authority. (August 21, 2008). [http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/08/9831819/philippines-light-rail-transit-lrt-line-1-south-extension-project-environmental-assessment ''Environmental Impact Statement for the Light Rail Transit Line 1 South Extension Project'' (Report No. E1970)]. Retrieved March 26, 2010 from the World Bank Website.</ref> Terminal stations also have a public relations office.<ref name=customer>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/customer_services.htm|title=Customer Services|publisher=[[Light Rail Transit Authority]]|access-date=January 19, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090622102237/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/customer_services.htm |archive-date=June 22, 2009 }}</ref> Stores and [[automated teller machine|ATM]]s are usually found at street level outside the station, although there are instances where they can be found within the concourse.<ref name=halcrow/> Some stations, such as Monumento, [[Libertad station|Libertad]] and [[Araneta Center-Cubao station (Line 2)|Araneta Center-Cubao]], are directly connected to [[shopping mall]]s.<ref name="missinglinks"/> Line 2 stations have two restrooms, but Line 1 restrooms have been the subject of criticism not only because of the provisioning of a single washroom at each station expected to serve all passengers (whether male, female, disabled or otherwise), but also because of the impression that the lavatories are poorly maintained and unsanitary.<ref name="lrt-bathrooms">{{cite news|author=Ongoy, Lym R. |title=Just one restroom for everyone at every station |url=http://opinion.inquirer.net/inquireropinion/letterstotheeditor/view/20071225-108675/Just_one_restroom_for_everyone_at_every_LRT_station |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |date=December 25, 2007 |access-date=December 25, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090629055837/http://opinion.inquirer.net/inquireropinion/letterstotheeditor/view/20071225-108675/Just_one_restroom_for_everyone_at_every_LRT_station |archive-date=June 29, 2009 }}</ref>

[[Folding bicycle]]s are allowed to be brought inside the trains to promote [[Intermodal passenger transport|bimodal transportation]]. The LRTA has also designated the last car of each train as "green zones", where folding bicycle users can ride with their bikes,<ref name="lrta-bike-o2">{{Cite web |last=GMANews.TV |first=SOPHIA DEDACE |title=Bikes, trains, and fewer cars with LRT's Bike O2 project |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/177274/lifestyle/bikes-trains-and-fewer-cars-with-lrt-s-bike-o2-project/ |access-date=2022-05-15 |website=GMA News Online |date=November 18, 2009 |language=en}}</ref> provided that it does not exceed the LRTA's baggage size limitations of {{convert|2|by|2|ft|in|sigfig=1}}.<ref name="lrta-folding-bike-baggage-size">{{Cite web |title=Wala pong limit sa diameter ng wheels. Kaugnay naman po ng bagahe, hanggang 2 feet x 2 feet po ang maximum dimension na pinapayagan sa LRT-2. |url=https://twitter.com/officiallrta/status/1253850058690162688 |access-date=2022-05-15 |website=Twitter |language=en}}</ref>

Originally, Line 1 was not built with accessibility in mind. This is reflected in the Line 1's lack of [[barrier-free]] facilities such as escalators and elevators. It is also inconvenient in other ways: for one, because of the use of side platforms, passengers wishing to access the other platform for the train bound in the opposite direction at single-level Line 1 stations need to exit the station (and by extension, the system) and pay a new fare. The newer Line 2, unlike its counterpart, is designed to be barrier-free and allows seamless transfer between platforms. Built by a joint venture between [[Hanjin]] and [[Itochu]], Line 2 stations have wheelchair ramps, [[braille]] markings, and tactile paving leading to and from the boarding platforms in addition to escalators and elevators.<ref name="purple"/><ref name=halcrow/><ref name="handicap">{{cite news|title=Line 2, Victory Liner are PWD-Friendly: PAVIC |url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/press_release/press_release_080204_LRT2VictoryPWD.htm |publisher=[[Light Rail Transit Authority]] |date=August 2, 2004 |access-date=April 7, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051229225937/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/press_release/press_release_080204_LRT2VictoryPWD.htm |archive-date=December 29, 2005 }}</ref>

In cooperation with the ''[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]'', copies of the ''[[Inquirer Libre]]''—a free, [[Tabloid (paper size)|tabloid]]-size, [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] version of the ''Inquirer'' [[broadsheet]]—are available at selected LRTA stations from 6:00&nbsp;am until the supply runs out.<ref name=customer/>

===Rolling stock===
Five types of [[rolling stock]] run on the system, with four types used on Line 1 and another used on Line 2.<ref name="purple"/><ref name="razon"/><ref name="KS">{{Cite journal
|url=http://www.kinkisharyo.co.jp/pdf/gihou/KSW14/KSW14_e_P12-13.pdf
|author=Otaki, Tsutomu
|title=The Commissioning – In Case of a Project in Manila
|journal=KS World
|volume=14
|publisher=[[Kinki Sharyo]]
|year=2007
|pages=12–13
|access-date=January 15, 2010
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928074957/http://www.kinkisharyo.co.jp/pdf/gihou/KSW14/KSW14_e_P12-13.pdf
|archive-date=September 28, 2011}}</ref> The Line 2, unlike the Line 1, runs heavy rail metro cars made in South Korea by [[Hyundai Rotem]] and provided by the Asia-Europe MRT Consortium led by [[Marubeni Corporation]] that have higher passenger capacity and maximum speed.<ref name=marubeni>{{Cite web|title=Infrastructure|publisher=[[Marubeni]] Philippines|url=http://www.marubeniphil.com/infra.htm|access-date=February 17, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100126044817/http://www.marubeniphil.com/infra.htm |archive-date=January 26, 2010 }}</ref> All five types of rolling stock are powered by electricity supplied through overhead wires. Of the two LRTA lines, the Line 2 prominently employs [[wrap advertising]] in its rolling stock. The Line 1 have begun using wrap advertising as well initially for their second-generation trains, followed by their third and fourth-generation trains.

====Line 1====
{{Main|LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)#Rolling stock}}
Line 1 at various stages in its history has used two-car, three-car, and four-car trains. The two-car trains are the original first-generation [[La Brugeoise et Nivelles|BN]] ([[LRTA 1000 class|1000]]) trains. Most were transformed into three-car trains, although a lot of two-car trains remain in service. The four-car trains are the more modern second-generation [[Hyundai Rotem|Hyundai Precision]] and [[Adtranz]] ([[LRTA 1100 class|1100]]), the third-generation [[Kinki Sharyo]] / [[Nippon Sharyo]] ([[LRTA 1200 class|1200]]),<ref name="modernization">{{Cite web|url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/projects/proj_capexIph1.htm|title=The Line 1 Capacity Expansion Project (Phase I)|publisher=[[Light Rail Transit Authority]]|access-date=April 7, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060517095717/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/projects/proj_capexIph1.htm |archive-date=May 17, 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Kinki>{{Cite web|website=[[Kinki Sharyo]]|url=http://www.kinkisharyo.co.jp/eng/e_products/sh/e_manila.htm|title=Light Rail Transit Authority, Manila Philippines, Light Rail Vehicle|access-date=March 8, 2010|archive-date=July 17, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717034657/http://www.kinkisharyo.co.jp/eng/e_products/sh/e_manila.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the fourth-generation [[Mitsubishi Corporation|Mitsubishi]] / [[Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles]] ([[LRTA 13000 class|13000]]) trains. There are 259&nbsp;railway cars grouped into 70&nbsp;trains serving the line: 63 of these are first-generation cars, 28&nbsp;second-generation, 48&nbsp;third-generation, and 120&nbsp;fourth-generation. One train car (1037) was severely damaged in the Rizal Day bombings and was subsequently decommissioned.<ref name="LRTA Annual 2006" /> The maximum speed of these cars ranges between {{convert|60|and|70|km/h|mph|sp=us}}.<ref name="razon"/><ref name="KS"/>

As part of the second phase of expansion on the Yellow Line, 12&nbsp;trains made in Japan by [[Kinki Sharyo]] and [[Nippon Sharyo]] were shipped and entered revenue service in 2006. The air-conditioned trains have boosted the capacity of the line from 27,000 to 40,000&nbsp;passengers per hour per direction.<ref name=Kinki/><ref name="newtrain">{{cite news | title=3rd Generation LRV Mock Up on Display | url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/press_release/press_release_060309_3rdGenLRV.htm | publisher=[[Light Rail Transit Authority]] | date=March 9, 2006 | access-date=April 7, 2006 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060424160210/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/press_release/press_release_060309_3rdGenLRV.htm <!--Added by H3llBot--> | archive-date=April 24, 2006 }}</ref><ref name="3g-train">Olchondra, Riza T. (December 7, 2006). [https://archive.today/20130222041909/http://services.inquirer.net/print/print.php?article_id=20061207-36856 "'3G' trains to serve LRTA riders Dec. 11: More comfortable, safer rides assured for commuter]". ''[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]''. Retrieved February 7, 2010.</ref>

As part of the south extension of the line, 30&nbsp;new trains built in [[Spain]] and [[Mexico]] by [[Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles]] and [[Mitsubishi Corporation]] were procured in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CAF and Mitsubishi win LRV contract in Manila |url=https://www.railwaypro.com/wp/caf-mitsubishi-win-lrv-contract-manila/ |date=2017-11-21 |website=Railway PRO |access-date=2022-03-14}}</ref> The trains entered service in 2023.<ref>{{Cite news|title=New, state-of-the-art train sets await LRT-1 riders starting July 20 |first=Aaron |last=Recuenco |date=19 July 2023 |url=https://mb.com.ph/2023/7/19/new-state-of-the-art-train-sets-await-lrt-1-riders-starting-july-20 |work=Manila Bulletin |access-date=19 July 2023}}</ref>

====Line 2====
{{Main|LRT Line 2#Rolling stock|LRTA 2000 class}}
[[File:LRT Line 2 train arriving at Anonas station.jpg|thumb|right|A train of the Line 2]]
Line 2 fleet runs eighteen heavy rail four-car trains with lightweight stainless car bodies and [[alternating current]] [[traction motors]]. They have a top speed of {{convert|80|km/h|mph|sp=us}} and usually take around forty minutes to journey from one end of the line to the other.<!--40 minutes from 30 due to 2021 extension opening--><ref name="Rotem">{{Cite journal
 |url=http://www.industrykorea.net/070330_rotem_pdf/050118-rotem_nr.pdf
 |author=Rotem. Total Rail Systems Division.
 |author-link=Hyundai Rotem
 |title=Rotem Ranks 3rd in Global Metro System Supply: SCI
 |journal=Rolling into the Future
 |volume=1
 |date=January 2005
 |page=5
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723154515/http://www.industrykorea.net/070330_rotem_pdf/050118-rotem_nr.pdf
 |archive-date=July 23, 2011
 |via=www.industrykorea.net
 |access-date=February 10, 2010}}</ref> Each train measures {{convert|3.2|m|ftin|sp=us}} wide and {{convert|92.6|m|ftin|sp=us}} long allowing a capacity of 1,628 passengers: 232 seated and 1,396 standing.<ref name="purple"/> Twenty sliding doors per side facilitate quick entry and exit. The line's trains also feature air conditioning, driverless [[automatic train operation]] from the Operations Control Center (OCC) in Santolan, low-noise control, enabled electric and [[Hydraulic brake|hydraulic braking]], and closed-circuit television inside the trains.<ref name="Toshiba">{{Cite book
|url=http://www.toshiba.co.jp/tech/review/2003/high2003/
|author=Toshiba
|author-link=Toshiba
|chapter=Power Systems and Industrial Equipment
|chapter-url=http://www.toshiba.co.jp/tech/review/2003/high2003/high2003pdf/0305.pdf
|title=Science and Technology Highlights 2003: A Special Issue of Toshiba Review
|year=2003
|page=19
|access-date=February 10, 2010
|url-status=dead
|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110612044006/http://www.toshiba.co.jp/tech/review/2003/high2003/high2003pdf/0305.pdf
|archive-date=June 12, 2011
}}</ref><ref name=ST1>{{Cite web |url=http://www.stee.stengg.com/lsg-grp/capabilities/pdf/transport/rail/13022006/eSys_Package-Manila-LRT-Line2.pdf |title=Electronics Systems Package for Manila Line 2, Philippines |website=[[Singapore Technologies Engineering]] |author=Singapore Technologies Electronics. |access-date=February 15, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061118052824/http://www.stee.stengg.com/lsg-grp/capabilities/pdf/transport/rail/13022006/eSys_Package-Manila-LRT-Line2.pdf |archive-date=November 18, 2006 }}</ref> Special open spaces and seats are designated for wheelchair users and elderly passengers, and automatic next station announcements are made for the convenience of passengers, especially for the blind.<ref name="purple"/><ref name="handicap"/>

An additional fourteen four-car trains for the east extension and the future west extension are currently in the process of being procured.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Arjay |last=Balinbin |title=LRT-2 extension 77% complete |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/lrt-2-extension-77-complete-2-new-stations-to-open-by-dec/ |website=Bworldonline.com |date=February 11, 2020 |access-date=March 14, 2022}}</ref>

===Signalling===
The system has used various signalling systems throughout its history. The original signalling system used in the LRT Line 1 was based on fixed block and relay type trackside systems. Trains had an [[automatic train stop]] system that activates if the train passes by a red signal or over-speeding. In 2007, as part of a capacity expansion project, the signalling system was replaced with a signalling and train control system based on [[automatic train protection]] and [[automatic train supervision]] using [[Siemens Mobility|Siemens]] technology.<ref name="lrt1extension" /><ref name="jica2013study-1">{{cite report |author=Japan International Cooperation Agency |authorlink=Japan International Cooperation Agency |author2=Oriental Consultants Co., Ltd. |author3=ALMEC Corporation |author4=Katahira & Engineers International |author5=Tonichi Engineering Consultants, Inc. |url=http://open_jicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/12126629_01.pdf |title=LRT LINE 1 CAVITE EXTENSION PROJECT |work=STUDY ON RAILWAY STRATEGY FOR ENHANCEMENT OF RAILWAY NETWORK SYSTEM IN METRO MANILA OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES - FINAL REPORT |date=July 2013 |access-date=17 January 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227073918/https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/12126629_01.pdf |archive-date=27 December 2021 |volume=1}}</ref> In 2022, as part of the line's south extension, the existing signalling system used in Line 1 was replaced by the Atlas 100 solution of [[Alstom]], which is based on [[European Train Control System#Level 1|ETCS Level 1]].<ref name="lrt1alstom" /><ref name="lrt1signalupgrade" />

On the other hand, Line 2 uses the [[automatic train control]] system, which has three subsystems: automatic train protection (ATP), [[automatic train operation]] (ATO), and automatic train supervision (ATS). The [[Automatic train operation|ATO]] subsystem automatically drives the trains, while the opening and closing of doors is controlled by an onboard train attendant.<ref name="lrt2om2014">{{Cite report|title=LRT LINE 2 OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE PROJECT|author1=Department of Transportation and Communications|author-link1=Department of Transportation (Philippines)|author2=Light Rail Transit Authority|author-link2=Light Rail Transit Authority|url=https://dotr.gov.ph/images/PPP/2014/LRT2_OperationsMaintenance/masinag%20om%20pim%20final.pdf|date=September 2014|access-date=11 January 2022|archive-date=November 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122103848/https://dotr.gov.ph/images/PPP/2014/LRT2_OperationsMaintenance/masinag%20om%20pim%20final.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="lrt2maintenance2017" /> It is a [[track circuit]]-based system with equipment supplied by [[Westinghouse Signals]] (later [[Siemens Mobility]]).<ref name="line2signalling" />

{|class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; font-align:center; text-align:center"
|-
! Line
! Supplier
! Solution
! Type
! Commission Date
! Remarks
|-
| style="background-color:#{{rcr|Manila LRT|1}}" | '''[[LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)|<span style="color:white;">Line 1</span>]]''' || [[Alstom]]<ref name="lrt1signalupgrade">{{Cite web|title=LRMC completes upgrade of LRT-1 signalling system|url=https://lrmc.ph/2022/02/01/lrmc-completes-upgrade-of-lrt-1-signaling-system/|author=officialLRT1|website=Light Rail Manila Corporation|date=1 February 2022|access-date=2 February 2022}}</ref> || Atlas 100<ref name="lrt1alstom">{{Cite web|title=Alstom to supply an integrated metro solution to Manila|url=https://www.alstom.com/press-releases-news/2016/2/alstom-to-supply-an-integrated-metro-solution-to-manila|website=Alstom.com|date=12 February 2016|access-date=January 11, 2022}}</ref> || [[European Train Control System#Level 1|ETCS Level 1]]<ref name="alstom2021">{{Cite web|title=Alstom in the Philippines |url=https://www.alstom.com/sites/alstom.com/files/2021/11/26/Alstom_Country_Sheet_Philippines_2021_EN.pdf |website=Alstom |date=November 2021 |access-date=March 14, 2022}}</ref> || 2022 || rowspan=2 {{n/a}}
|-
| style="background-color:#{{rcr|Manila LRT|2}}" | '''[[LRT Line 2 (Metro Manila)|<span style="color:white;">Line 2</span>]]''' || [[Westinghouse Signals]]<br>(later [[Siemens Mobility|Siemens]])<ref name="line2signalling">{{Cite report|title=Contract for the Supply of Various Signaling Equipment (Interlocking, Jointless Track Circuits, and Miscellaneous Wayside) or its approved equivalent |url=https://www.lrta.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/8527560.pdf |date=March 16, 2022 |publisher=Light Rail Transit Authority |access-date=March 22, 2022 |pages=40–46}}</ref> || TBS100<ref name="line2signalling" /> || Fixed block [[Automatic train control|ATC]]<ref name="lrt2om2014" /><ref name="lrt2maintenance2017">{{cite report |date=August 9, 2017 |title=Maintenance of the Manila LRT Line 2 System, Terms of Reference | author = Light Rail Transit Authority |url=http://publiccontent.sinpro.cz/PublicFiles/2017/11/26/PB17-167-8.Bidding%20Document.072523311.pdf |access-date=2022-01-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612124628/http://publiccontent.sinpro.cz/PublicFiles/2017/11/26/PB17-167-8.Bidding%20Document.072523311.pdf |archive-date=2020-06-12 }}</ref> || 2003
|-
! colspan="6" | Former
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:#{{rcr|Manila LRT|1}}" | '''[[LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)|<span style="color:white;">Line 1</span>]]''' || [[Ateliers de Constructions Electriques de Charleroi|ACEC]] <!-- part of the Belgian Consortium that supplied the first light rail vehicles, power control, signalling, and telecommunications --> || rowspan="2" | unknown || rowspan="2" | Fixed block<ref name="lrt1extension" /> || 1984 || Decommissioned by 2007
|-
| [[Siemens Mobility|Siemens]]<ref name="lrt1extension" /> || 2007 || Decommissioned by 2022
|-
|}

==Safety and security==
The system has always presented itself as a safe system to travel on, and despite some [[List of LRT incidents and accidents|incidents]] a [[World Bank]] paper prepared by [[Halcrow Group Limited|Halcrow]] deemed the running of metro rail transit operations overall as "good".<ref name=three>{{Cite report
|url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTEAPINFRASTRUCT/Resources/855084-1137106254308/threecities.pdf
|publisher=World Bank
|title=A Tale of Three Cities: Urban Rail Concessions in Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur and Manila – Final Report
|series=East Asia and Pacific Infrastructure Flagship Study
|page=17
|date=December 2, 2004}} (Prepared by Halcrow Group Limited).</ref> Safety notices in both English and [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] are a common sight at the stations and inside the trains. Security guards with megaphones can be seen at boarding areas asking crowds to move back from the warning tiles at the edge of platforms to avoid falling onto the tracks.<ref name="LRTA Annual 2006"/> In the event of emergencies or unexpected events aboard the train, alerts are used to inform passengers about the current state of the operations. The LRTA uses three alerts: Codes Blue, Yellow, and Red.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:5px auto 5px auto; text-align:center; width:50em; font-size:90%;"
|-
! Alert
! Indication
|-
| style="background:#0000f1; color:white;"|Code Blue
| Increased interval time between train arrivals
|-
| style="background:yellow; color:black;"|Code Yellow
| Slight delay in the departure and arrival of trains from stations
|-
| style="background:red; color:white;"|Code Red
| Temporary suspension of all train services due to technical problems
|}

Smoking, previously banned only at station platforms and inside trains, has been banned at station concourse areas since June 24, 2008.<ref name="smoking">{{Cite news|last=Uy|first=Veronica|date=June 24, 2008|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/metro/view/20080624-144521/No-smoking-policy-enforced-in-LRT|title=LRTA enforces no smoking policy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108053936/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/metro/view/20080624-144521/No-smoking-policy-enforced-in-LRT |archive-date=January 8, 2009 |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]|access-date=January 21, 2010}}</ref> Hazardous chemicals, such as paint and gasoline, as well as sharp pointed objects that could be used as weapons, are forbidden.<ref name=mbLRTReminders>{{cite news|author=Ruiz, JC Bello. |title=LRTA reminders for holidays |url=http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/226549/lrt-reminders-holidays |newspaper=[[The Manila Bulletin]] |date=October 26, 2009 |access-date=January 21, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607091932/http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/226549/lrt-reminders-holidays |archive-date=June 7, 2011 }}</ref> Full-sized [[bicycle]]s and [[skateboard]]s are also not allowed on board the train, however [[folding bicycle]]s are allowed on both lines as of November 8, 2009.<ref name="bicycles">{{cite news|author=Kwok, Abigail. |title=Bike your way to work on board LRT's 'green zones' |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/metro/view/20091106-234610/Bike-your-way-to-work-on-board-LRTs-green-zones |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |date=November 6, 2009 |access-date=November 7, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091109091937/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/metro/view/20091106-234610/Bike-your-way-to-work-on-board-LRTs-green-zones |archive-date=November 9, 2009 }}</ref><ref name="bicycles2">{{cite news | title=Bike O<sub>2</sub> Project | url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/bike_o2_project.htm | archive-url=https://archive.today/20100921033555/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/bike_o2_project.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=September 21, 2010 | publisher=[[Light Rail Transit Authority]] |year=2009 | access-date=November 12, 2009 }}</ref> Those under the influence of alcohol may be denied entry into the stations.<ref name=mbLRTReminders/>

In response to the [[Rizal Day bombings]], a series of attacks on December 30, 2000, that included the bombing of a Line 1 train among other targets, and in the wake of greater awareness of terrorism following the [[September 11 attacks]], security has been stepped up on board the system. The [[Philippine National Police]] has a special police force assigned at both lines.<ref name="pnp">{{cite news|author1=Del Puerto, Luigi A. |author2=Tara V. Quismundo. |name-list-style=amp |title=New task force formed to keep LRT, MRT safe |url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/news/news_item_111304_NewTaskForceFormed.htm |work=[[The Daily Tribune]] |date=November 13, 2004 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050828155059/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/news/news_item_111304_NewTaskForceFormed.htm |archive-date=August 28, 2005 }} Retrieved February 15, 2010 from the LRTA Website.</ref> and [[security police]] provided by private companies are assigned to all stations with each having a designated head guard. [[Closed-circuit television]]s have been installed to monitor stations and keep track of suspicious activities.<ref name=purple/> To better prepare for and improve response to any adverse incidents, drills simulating terror attacks and earthquakes have been conducted.<ref name="LRTA Annual 2006" /><ref name=drill>Punay, Edu. (July 31, 2006). [https://archive.today/20130131120358/http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=350238&publicationSubCategoryId=65 LRTA holds bomb drill at Central terminal]. ''[[The Philippine Star]]''. Retrieved January 24, 2010.</ref> It is standard practice for bags to be inspected upon entry into stations by guards equipped with hand-held [[metal detectors]]. Those who refuse to submit to such inspection may be denied entry.<ref name=wrapped>{{Cite news|last=Ruiz|first=JC Bello|date=December 7, 2009|url=http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/232902/wrapped-gift-items-inspected-lrt-mrt-rail-stations|title=Wrapped gift items inspected at LRT, MRT rail stations|work=[[The Manila Bulletin]]|access-date=January 24, 2010|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607094359/http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/232902/wrapped-gift-items-inspected-lrt-mrt-rail-stations |archive-date=June 7, 2011 }}</ref> Since May 1, 2007, the LRTA has enforced a policy against making false [[bomb threat]]s, a policy already enforced at airports nationwide. Those who make such threats can face penalties in violation of Presidential Decree No.&nbsp;1727, as well as face legal action.<ref name="bombs">Olchondra, Riza T. (May 3, 2007). [https://archive.today/20130221232410/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/metro/view/20070503-63819/LRTA_warns_commuters:__No_bomb_jokes,_or_else_%85 LRTA warns commuters: No bomb jokes, or else...]. ''[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]''. Retrieved February 7, 2010.</ref> Posted notices on station walls and inside trains remind passengers to be careful and be wary of criminals who may take advantage of the crowding aboard the trains. To address concerns of inappropriate contact on crowded trains, the first coach of Line 1 and Line 2 trains have been designated for [[Persons with reduced mobility|PWDs]] and [[Women-only passenger car|females only]].<ref name=customer />

==Fares==
{| class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:95%; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Manila LRT fare levels<ref name="newfares-2023">{{Cite news|first=Lance Spencer |last=Yu |work=Rappler |title=Fare hikes for LRT1 and LRT2 to take effect by August 2 |url=https://www.rappler.com/business/fare-hikes-lrt1-lrt2-take-effect-august-2-2023/ |date=2023-06-19 |access-date=2023-06-19}}</ref><ref name="LRT1FareHike2025">{{Cite news|first=Kaycee |last=Valmonte |work=[[Rappler]] |title=LRT1 fare hike approved: End-to-end tickets to cost P55 by April 2 |url=https://www.rappler.com/business/lrt1-fare-increase-february-2025/ |date=February 18, 2025 |access-date=February 18, 2025}}</ref>
|-
! Line
! style="background-color:#{{rcr|Manila LRT|1}}" | Line 1
! style="background-color:#{{rcr|Manila LRT|2}}" | Line 2
|-
! Boarding fare
| ₱16.25 
| ₱13.29
|-
! Distance fare{{efn|Added to the boarding fare per kilometer traveled.}}
| ₱1.47/km
| ₱1.21/km
|-
! Minimum
| ₱20.00
| ₱15.00
|-
! Maximum
| ₱55.00
| ₱35.00
|-
| colspan="3" | ''Note: Fares are lower when a stored value card is used.''
|}

In 2003, the Manila Light Rail Transit System was one of the least expensive rapid transit systems in [[Southeast Asia]], costing significantly less to ride than other systems in the region.<ref name="lowestfare">{{cite news|title=LRT Fares Lowest in Southeast Asia |url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/press_release/press_release_120503_LRTFaresLowestInSoutheastAsia.htm |publisher=[[Light Rail Transit Authority]] |date=December 5, 2003 |access-date=April 7, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051105051000/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/press_release/press_release_120503_LRTFaresLowestInSoutheastAsia.htm |archive-date=November 5, 2005 }}</ref><ref name="svt">{{cite news|title=LRT Passengers Urged to Use Stored Value Ticket |url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/press_release/press_release_121003_LrtPassengersUrgedToUseStoredValueTicket.htm |publisher=[[Light Rail Transit Authority]] |date=December 10, 2003 |access-date=April 8, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051105051150/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/press_release/press_release_121003_LrtPassengersUrgedToUseStoredValueTicket.htm |archive-date=November 5, 2005 }}</ref> Unlike other transportation systems, in which transfer to another line occurs within a station's paid area, passengers have to exit and then pay a new fare for the line they are entering. This is also the case on the Yellow Line when changing boarding platforms to catch trains going in the opposite direction.

Both lines use two different fare structures: one for single journey cards and another for stored value (Beep) cards. As mandated by law, senior citizens and persons with disabilities are entitled to a twenty-percent [[Discounts and allowances|discount]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=LRT fares up starting August 2 |first1=Ghio |last1=Ong |first2=Elijah Felice |last2=Rosales |work=The Philippine Star |date=August 1, 2023 |url=https://www.philstar.com/nation/2023/08/01/2285276/lrt-fares-starting-august-2 |access-date=August 2, 2023}}</ref> Since June 20, 2025, students get a higher fare discount of fifty percent,<ref>{{Cite news|title=Student train fare discount raised to 50% starting June 20 – DOTr |first=Zacarian Gavin |last=Sarao |work=Inqurier |date=June 20, 2025 |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/2072640/student-train-fare-discount-raised-to-50-starting-june-20-dotr |access-date=June 20, 2025}}</ref> while the government is studying to increase the fare discount for senior citizens as well.<ref>{{Cite news|title=SGov't studying to impose 50% discount for senior citizens riding LRT-1, LRT-2, MRT-3 |first=Anna Felicia |last=Bajo |work=GMA Integrated News |date=June 20, 2025 |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/metro/950024/gov-t-studying-to-impose-50-discount-for-senior-citizens-riding-lrt-1-lrt-2-mrt-3/story/ |access-date=June 20, 2025}}</ref>

===Ticketing===
Before 2001, passengers on Line 1 would purchase a token to enter the station. Subsequent upgrades in the fare collection system eventually transitioned the Yellow Line from a token-based system to a ticket-based system, with full conversion to a ticket-based system achieved on September 9, 2001.<ref name="afcs">{{Cite web|url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/projects/proj_afcs.htm|title=The Automated Fare Collection System (AFCS) Project|publisher=[[Light Rail Transit Authority]]|access-date=February 22, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060629133507/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/projects/proj_afcs.htm |archive-date=June 29, 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Starting September 2015, the old magnetic tickets were decommissioned and replaced by contactless-based smart card technology by [[IDEMIA]]. Passengers can enter the system paid areas with either a single journey or stored value [[Beep (smart card)|Beep Card]]. The Beep Card can be used on all LRT and MRT lines. Tickets can be sold from ticket booths staffed by station agents or from [[ticket machine]]s.

====Magnetic ticket====
[[File:Mrtroosevelt4jf.JPG|thumb|{{stn|Roosevelt|3=LRT}} station in 2012, with the old [[turnstile]]s at the background when magnetic tickets were still used.]]
{{multiple image
 | direction = vertical
 | width = 220
 | image1 = 
 | caption1 = A sample of a Line 2 single journey ticket showing its front (above) and back (below) side.
 | image2 = 
 }}

Previously, the system uses two types of tickets: a single journey (one-way) ticket whose cost is dependent on the destination, and a stored value (multiple-use) ticket available for ₱100.<ref name="farestructure2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/ticket_fare.htm|title=Ticket and Fare Structure|publisher=[[Light Rail Transit Authority]]|access-date=February 15, 2010 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051105023648/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/ticket_fare.htm |archive-date=November 5, 2005 }}</ref> Tickets would normally bear a picture of the incumbent [[President of the Philippines|president]], though some ticket designs have done away with this practice.

Single journey tickets are only valid on the day of purchase and will be unusable afterward. They expire if not used to exit the same station after 30 minutes from entry or if not used to exit the system after 120 minutes from entry. If the ticket expires, the passenger will be required to buy a new one.

Stored value tickets are usable on both lines although a new fare will be charged when transferring from one line to the other. To reduce ticket queues, the LRTA is promoting the use of stored value tickets. Aside from benefitting from a lower fare structure on the Line 1, stored value ticket users can avail of a scheme called the Last Ride Bonus that grants the use of any residual amount in a stored value ticket less than the usual minimum ₱12 fare, or the appropriate fare for the station of arrival from the station of departure, as a full fare.<ref name="svt" /> Stored value tickets are not reloadable and are captured by the fare gate after the last use. They expire six months after the date of first use.<ref name="farestructure2"/>

Tickets are used both to enter and exit the paid area of the system. A ticket inserted into a fare gate at the station of origin is processed and then ejected allowing a passenger through the [[turnstile]]. The ejected ticket is then retrieved while passing through so that it can be used at the exit turnstile at the destination station to leave the premises. Tickets are captured by the exit turnstiles to be reused by the system if they no longer have any value. If it is a stored value ticket with some value remaining, however, it is once again ejected by the fare gate to be taken by the passenger for future use.<ref name=gabay/>

Despite the common practice for regular passengers to purchase several stored-value tickets at a time, the line barely has ticket shortages due to the inter-compatibility of tickets with the LRTA lines and the steady release of new tickets that addresses the problem.

====Flash Pass====
[[File:FlashPass Card.png|left|thumb|A Flash Pass Card]]
To better integrate the LRTA and MRTC networks, a unified ticketing system utilizing contactless [[smart card]]s, similar to the [[Octopus card]] in [[Hong Kong]] and the [[EZ-Link]] card in [[Singapore]], was made a goal of the SRTS.<ref name="smartcards">{{cite news|title=LRT, MRT smart cards for commuters |url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/news/news_item_121003_SmartCardsForCommuters.htm |work=[[The Manila Bulletin]] |date=December 10, 2003 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050310072445/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/news/news_item_121003_SmartCardsForCommuters.htm |archive-date=March 10, 2005 }} Retrieved February 22, 2010 from the LRTA Website.</ref><ref name="screadiness">{{cite news|author=Casanova, Sheryll B. |title=Single Pass Rail Ticket May Be Ready Ahead of Schedule |url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/news/news_item_020204_SinglePassRailTicketMayBeRead.htm |work=[[The Manila Times]] |date=February 4, 2004 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051105045045/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/news/news_item_020204_SinglePassRailTicketMayBeRead.htm |archive-date=November 5, 2005 }} Retrieved April 7, 2006 from the LRTA Website.</ref> In a transitional move towards such a unified ticketing system, the Flash Pass was implemented on April 19, 2004, as a stopgap measure.<ref name="flashpass">{{cite news|author=Marfil, Jude O. |title=For LRT, MRT riders: 1 ticket, 3 lines |url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/news/news_item_042004_ForLrt,MrtRiders1Ticket3Lines.htm |work=[[Manila Standard Today|Manila Standard]] |date=April 20, 2004 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051105045134/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/news/news_item_042004_ForLrt%2CMrtRiders1Ticket3Lines.htm |archive-date=November 5, 2005 }} Retrieved February 22, 2010 from the LRTA Website.</ref> However, plans for a unified ticketing system using smart cards have languished,<ref name="nedadrop">{{cite web | title=Integrated Ticketing Systems for Various LRTA Lines | url=http://www.neda.gov.ph/odamon/ProjectProfile.asp?ProjectId=1061 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070313181121/http://www.neda.gov.ph/odamon/ProjectProfile.asp?ProjectId=1061 | publisher=[[National Economic and Development Authority]] | archive-date=March 13, 2007 | access-date=April 7, 2006}}</ref> leaving the Flash Pass to fill the role for the foreseeable future. Originally sold by both the LRTA and the [[Metro Rail Transit Corporation]], the Blue Line operator, the pass was discontinued with the election of [[Benigno Aquino III]] as President of the Philippines in 2010.

The pass consisted of two parts: the Flash Pass card and the Flash Pass coupon.<ref name="flashpass2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/flashpass_project.htm|title=Flash Pass Ticketing System|publisher=[[Light Rail Transit Authority]]|access-date=November 26, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080708181620/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/flashpass_project.htm |archive-date=July 8, 2008 }}</ref> A nontransferable Flash Pass card used for validation had to be acquired before a Flash Pass coupon can be purchased. To obtain a card, a passenger needed to visit a designated station and fill out an application form. Although the card is issued free of charge and contains no expiry date, it is expected to be issued only once. Should it be lost, an affidavit of loss had to be submitted before a replacement can be issued. The Flash Pass coupon, which served as a ticket, was linked to the passenger's Flash Pass card through the card number printed on the coupon. Coupons were sold for ₱250 and were valid for unlimited rides on all three lines of the LRTA and MRTC for one week.<ref name="flashpass2" /> The card and coupon were used by showing them to a security guard at an opening along the fare gates, who after checking their validity allowed the holder to pass through.<ref name="flashpass"/>

====Beep card====
{{Main|Beep (smart card)}}
[[File:Ninoy Aquino station Parañaque entrances and exitsE.jpg|thumb|The current turnstiles used system-wide since 2015, at [[Ninoy Aquino station]]]]
Beep is a reloadable contactless smart card aimed to be a replacement for the magnetic card-based system in paying rail based rapid transit transportation fares in and around Metro Manila. Beep is also aimed to be used in lieu of cash in some convenience stores and other businesses. The Beep system is implemented and operated by AF Payments Incorporated, which is primarily owned by Ayala Corporation and Metro Pacific Investments Corporation. It was first implemented in Line 2 in July 2015,<ref>{{Cite news|title=LRT 'Beep card' trial a success – DOTC |first=Nestor |last=Corrales |date=July 21, 2015 |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/706557/lrt-beep-card-trial-a-success-dotc |access-date=June 22, 2022}}</ref> followed by Line 1 a month later.<ref>{{Cite news|title=LRT-1 begins public trial of new Beep cards |first=Carolyn |last=Bonquin |work=ABS-CBN News |orig-date=August 16, 2015 |date=August 17, 2015 |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/nation/metro-manila/08/16/15/lrt-1-begins-public-trial-new-beep-cards |access-date=June 22, 2022}}</ref>

====QR codes====
The [[Light Rail Manila Corporation]] and AF Payments, Inc. presented a [[QR code]]-based ticketing system to be used in Line 1. Once approved, it can serve as viable alternatives to single journey tickets and can be purchased via mobile apps. Implementation of this ticket system was originally set for 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Ted|last=Cordero|title=LRT1 operator proposes QR-based ticketing system|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/money/companies/810559/lrt1-operator-proposes-qr-based-ticketing-system/story/|work=GMA News|date=11 November 2021|access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>

===Fare adjustment===
Adjusting passenger fares has been employed by the DOTC (predecessor of DOTr), LRTA, and LRMC as a means to improve the lines' services, and the issue of fares both historically and in the present continues to be a political issue.

Current fare levels were set on August 2, 2023; the LRT-1 is set to adjust its fares by April 2, 2025.<ref name="newfares-2023" /> Proposals for such were delayed for several years despite inflation and rising operating costs.<ref>{{cite web |title=LRT-MRT FARES TO BE INCREASED ON JAN.4 |url=http://www.dotc.gov.ph/index.php/2014-09-02-05-01-41/2014-09-03-06-43-32/85-lrt-mrt-fares-to-be-increased-on-jan-4 |website=dotc.gov.ph |publisher=[[Department of Transportation (Philippines)|Department of Transportation and Communications]] (DOTC) |access-date=February 26, 2022 |ref=MRT Fare Hike |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225211728/http://www.dotc.gov.ph/index.php/2014-09-02-05-01-41/2014-09-03-06-43-32/85-lrt-mrt-fares-to-be-increased-on-jan-4 |archive-date=December 25, 2014}}</ref> Prior to the current fare levels, fares for both lines were set on January 4, 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Metro train fares rise on Sunday |first=Miguel R. |last=Camus |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |date=January 4, 2015 |access-date=February 26, 2022 |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/662042/mrt-lrt-fare-hike-starts-on-sunday}}</ref> These lower fares—which are only slightly more expensive than jeepney fares—ended up being financed through large government [[subsidies]] amounting to around ₱25–45 per passenger,<ref name="perse">{{cite news |author=[[Benjamin Diokno|Diokno, Benjamin E.]] |title=Folly of government subsidy |url=http://www.econ.upd.edu.ph/perse/?p=3355 |work=[[BusinessWorld]] |publisher=BusinessWorld Publishing Corporation |date=December 17, 2013 |access-date=February 26, 2022}}</ref> and which for both the MRT ''and'' LRT reached ₱75 billion for the 10-year period between 2004 and 2014.<ref name="figures">{{cite news |url=http://www.manilatimes.net/messed-up-mass-transport-system/74431/ |title=Messed up mass transport system|date=February 9, 2014 |work=[[The Manila Times]] |publisher=Manila Times Publishing Corporation |author=Valderrama, Tita C. |access-date=February 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140423062613/http://www.manilatimes.net/messed-up-mass-transport-system/74431/ |archive-date=April 23, 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Without subsidies, the cost of a single trip is estimated at around ₱40–60,<ref name="perse" /> and a ₱10 increase in fares would yield additional monthly revenues of ₱2–3 billion a month.<ref name="additionalrevenue">{{cite news |author=Agcaoili, Lawrence |title=DOTC says MRT, LRT fare hike to yield P2-B add'l revenues |url=https://www.philstar.com/business/2013/12/14/1267772/dotc-says-mrt-lrt-fare-hike-yield-p2-b-addl-revenues |work=[[The Philippine Star]] |publisher=PhilStar Daily, Inc. |date=December 14, 2013 |access-date=February 26, 2022}}</ref>

Under the concession agreement of the DOTr and the [[Light Rail Manila Corporation]] (LRMC) for the operations and maintenance of the LRT Line 1, LRMC is entitled to petition a fare hike every two years. With all four petitions in 2016, 2018, 2020, and 2022 deferred, it resulted in losses of ₱2.17 billion as of November 2024, and would increase to ₱7 billion by 2028 if the hikes were not implemented.<ref>{{Cite news|title=LRT1 fare hike to take effect on April 2 |first=Ted |last=Cordero |work=GMA Integrated News |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/money/companies/936567/lrt1-fare-hike-to-take-effect-on-april-2/story/ |date=February 18, 2025 |access-date=February 19, 2025}}</ref> However, these drew criticism from commuters' and labor groups; Kilusang Mayo Uno (KMU) called the fare hike "immoral" amid high prices of basic necessities.<ref>{{Cite news|title=DOTr greenlights LRT-1 fare increase; KMU calls hike ‘immoral’ |url=https://manilastandard.net/news/top-stories/314559064/dotr-greenlights-lrt-1-fare-increase-kmu-calls-hike-immoral.html |first=Darwin G. |last=Amojelar |work=Manila Standard |date=February 19, 2025 |access-date=February 19, 2025}}</ref> However, LRMC's president and Chief Executive Officer Enrico Benipayo emphasized that:<ref>{{Cite news|title=DOTr approves LRT-1 fare increase |first=Elijah Felice |last=Rosales |first2=Mark Ernest |last2=Villeza |work=The Philippine Star |date=February 19, 2025 |access-date=February 19, 2025 |url=https://www.philstar.com/nation/2025/02/19/2422547/dotr-approves-lrt-1-fare-increase}}</ref>
{{Blockquote
|text=Public transport is a service that requires continuous investments in maintenance, upgrades and expansion. Countries with world-class transport systems such as Singapore and Japan adjust fares regularly to keep services efficient and safe.
|author=Enrico R. Benipayo
}}

==Expansion==<!-- This section is linked from [[Metro Manila]] -->
Plans for expanding the LRTA network have been formulated throughout its history and successive administrations have touted trains as one of the keys to relieving Metro Manila of its long-standing traffic problems.<ref>{{cite web|author=Virola, Romulo A. |title=Land Transport in the Philippines: Retrogressing Towards Motorcycles? |url=http://www.nscb.gov.ph/headlines/StatsSpeak/2009/101209_rav_raab_trans.asp |publisher=Philippine Statistics Authority |date=October 12, 2009 |access-date=February 26, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911135354/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/headlines/StatsSpeak/2009/101209_rav_raab_trans.asp |archive-date=September 11, 2016 }}</ref> Expansion of the system was one of the main projects mentioned in a ten-point agenda laid out by President [[Gloria Macapagal Arroyo]] in 2005.<ref name="10points">{{cite web|author=Republic of the Philippines. Office of the President. |url=http://www.news.ops.gov.ph/sona2005-execsummary.htm |title=SONA 2005 Executive Summary |date=July 21, 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100513025912/http://www.news.ops.gov.ph/sona2005-execsummary.htm |archive-date=May 13, 2010 |access-date=February 20, 2010 }}</ref> <!-- original location and archive version: url=http://www.gov.ph/sona/executivesummary_072505.asp | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060503181431/http://www.gov.ph/sona/executivesummary_072505.asp -->

===Extensions===
Line 2 is planned to be extended both further eastward to Cogeo, continuing from its eastern expansion to Antipolo, and westward from Recto up to the [[Manila North Harbor]] in Tondo.<ref name="antipolo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/projects/proj_mmsmrtdp.htm|title=The Metro Manila Strategic Mass Rail Transit Development Project: Line 2|publisher=[[Light Rail Transit Authority]]|access-date=April 6, 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060517095706/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/projects/proj_mmsmrtdp.htm |archive-date=May 17, 2006 }}</ref>

===New lines===
{{Main|LRT Line 6 (Cavite)}}
The LRT Line 6 was originally conceived as a continuation of the LRT Line 1 to [[Dasmariñas]], [[Cavite]]. In its current form, the "Modified" Line 6 proposal is a {{Convert|23.5|km|mi|abbr=on}} [[elevated railway]] from [[Niog station]] in Bacoor to Governor's Drive station in Dasmariñas via the Molino–Paliparan Road. The line will also be extended further north to [[Ninoy Aquino International Airport]] (as Line 6B) in [[Pasay]] and further south as [[Tagaytay]] (as Line 6A extension). There will also be branch lines passing through [[Dr. Santos Avenue]] and [[Alabang–Zapote Road]] in southern Metro Manila. The combined length of the proposed line including the extensions and branch lines is at {{Convert|86|km|mi|abbr=on}} and with a track length {{Convert|169|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref name="emb1">{{Cite web |title=Project Description for Scoping (Line 6A and 6B/C) |url=http://eia.emb.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/LRT-Line-6-PD-for-Scoping.v2.pdf |publisher=Environmental Management Bureau, [[Department of Environment and Natural Resources]] |website=eia.emb.gov.ph |date=January 31, 2019 |access-date=February 18, 2021}}</ref><ref name="emb2">{{Cite web |title=LRT6-Executive Summary English |url=http://eia.emb.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/LRT-6-Executive-Summary-English.pdf |publisher=Environmental Management Bureau, Department of Environment and Natural Resources |date=August 15, 2019 |access-date=February 19, 2021}}</ref><ref name="meti">{{Cite web |title=Cavite-laguna Public Transport Master Plan and the Preliminary Feasibility Study of Medium-capacity Rail System in the Republic of Philippines |url=https://www.meti.go.jp/meti_lib/report/2019FY/000798.pdf |publisher= [[Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry]] |date=February 2020 |access-date=February 18, 2021}}</ref>

== Network map ==
{{Rapid transit OSM map
| system_qid   = Q4165607
| frame-lat    = 14.6
| frame-long   = 121
| frame-width  = 750
| frame-height = 470
| zoom         = 11
| length       = yes
}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
{{Refbegin}}
* Allport, R. J. (1986). Appropriate mass transit for developing cities. ''Transport Reviews: A Transnational Transdisciplinary Journal'', 6(4), 365–384. {{doi|10.1080/01441648608716636}}
* {{Cite book
|url=http://www.ieej.or.jp/aperc/2008pdf/2008_Reports/Urban%20Transport%20Energy%20Use%20in%20the%20APEC%20Region%20l%20APERC%202008.pdf
|author=Asia Pacific Energy Research Centre (APERC). Institute of Energy Economics, Japan.
|title=Urban Transport Energy Use in the APEC Region – Benefits and Costs
|publisher=Author
|location=Tokyo
|year=2008
|isbn=978-4-931482-39-5
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722121334/http://www.ieej.or.jp/aperc/2008pdf/2008_Reports/Urban%20Transport%20Energy%20Use%20in%20the%20APEC%20Region%20l%20APERC%202008.pdf
|archive-date=July 22, 2011}}
* {{Cite book
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mzBdy6w82psC
|author=Dans, Jose P. Jr.
|editor=Institution of Civil Engineers
|chapter=The Metro Manila LRT system: its future
|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mzBdy6w82psC&pg=PA159
|title=Rail Mass Transit Systems for Developing Countries
|publisher=Thomas Telford
|location=London
|year=1990
|isbn=0-7277-1560-7}}
* Midgley, Peter. (1994-03-31). [http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/1994/03/01/000009265_3970716144811/Rendered/PDF/multi_page.pdf ''Urban Transport in Asia : An Operational Agenda for the 1990s''] (World Bank technical paper no. 224). Washington D.C.: World Bank. {{ISBN|0-8213-2624-4}}.
*{{Cite book
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mzBdy6w82psC
|author=Thomson, J.M., R.J. Allport and P.R. Fouracre.
|editor=Institution of Civil Engineers
|chapter=Rail mass transit in developing cities – the Transport and Road Research Laboratory study
|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mzBdy6w82psC&pg=PA21
|title=Rail Mass Transit Systems for Developing Countries
|publisher=Thomas Telford
|location=London
|year=1990
|isbn=0-7277-1560-7}}
* United States Agency for International Development. (June 2005). [https://web.archive.org/web/20100527234859/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADJ320.pdf ''Integrated Environmental Strategies – Philippines Project Report – Metropolitan Manila'']. Author. (With United States Environmental Protection Agency, NREL, and the Manila Observatory).
*Uranza, Rogelio. (2002). [https://web.archive.org/web/20091229002413/http://www.cleanairnet.org/caiasia/1412/articles-37345_tp_20_uranza.pdf ''The Role of Traffic Engineering and Management in Metro Manila'']. Workshop paper presented in the Regional Workshop: Transport Planning, Demand Management and Air Quality, February 2002, Manila, Philippines. Asian Development Bank (ADB). Archived from [http://www.cleanairnet.org/caiasia/1412/articles-37345_tp_20_uranza.pdf the original] on 2009-12-29.
* {{Cite report
|url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2001/06/27/000094946_01060804031083/Rendered/PDF/multi0page.pdf
|publisher=World Bank
|title=Project Appraisal Document for the Metro Manila Urban Transport Integration Project
|date=May 23, 2001}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20190402084307/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/ Light Rail Transit Authority]
{{commons category|position=left}}{{SRTS}}{{Transportation in Metro Manila}}{{Transportation in the Philippines}}
{{Urban Rail Transit in ASEAN}}
{{Rapid transit in Asia}}

[[Category:Manila Light Rail Transit System| ]]
[[Category:Department of Transportation (Philippines)]]
[[Category:Electric railways]]
[[Category:Light rail in the Philippines]]
[[Category:Rail transportation in Metro Manila|Light Rail Transit System]]
[[Category:Rapid transit in the Philippines]]
[[Category:Transportation in Luzon]]