View source for Mandaic alphabet

{{Short description|Alphabet used for writing the Mandaic language}}
{{Infobox Writing system
 | name=Mandaic
 | languages = [[Mandaic language|Classical Mandaic]]<br/>[[Neo-Mandaic]]
 | fam1 = [[Phoenician alphabet|Phoenician]]
 | fam2 = [[Aramaic alphabet|Aramaic]]
 | type = Alphabet
 | time = 2nd century AD — present
 | unicode = [https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0840.pdf U+0840–U+085F]
 |iso15924=Mand
 |sample = Mandaic sample abaga.svg
 |imagesize=100px
}}

{{Contains special characters
| special    = uncommon [[Unicode]] characters
| fix        = Help:Multilingual support#Mandaic
| image      = Replacement character.svg
| link       = Specials (Unicode block)#Replacement character
| alt        = <?>
| compact    = yes
}}

The '''Mandaic alphabet''' is a [[writing system]] primarily used to write the [[Mandaic language]]. It is thought to have evolved between the second and seventh century CE from either a cursive form of [[Aramaic alphabet|Aramaic]] (as did [[Syriac alphabet|Syriac]]) or from [[Inscriptional Parthian]].<ref name="TUSME">{{cite book|title=The Unicode Standard, Version 10.0|chapter=Chapter 9: Middle East-I, Modern and Liturgical Scripts|publisher=Unicode, Inc|date=June 2017|location=Mountain View, CA|url=https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode10.0.0/ch09.pdf| isbn=978-1-936213-16-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first=Charles G.|last=Häberl|date=February 2006|title=Iranian Scripts for Aramaic Languages: The Origin of the Mandaic Script|url=https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/33352/PDF/1/play/|journal=Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research|issue=341|pages=53–62|doi=10.7282/T37D2SGZ}}</ref> The exact roots of the script are difficult to determine.<ref name="DBWWS">{{cite book | title=[[The World's Writing Systems]] | year=1996 | editor1-last=Daniels | editor1-first=Peter T. | editor2-last=Bright | editor2-first=William | publisher=Oxford University Press, Inc | isbn=978-0195079937 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195079937/page/511 511–513] }}</ref>
It was developed by members of the [[Mandaeism|Mandaean faith]] of [[Lower Mesopotamia]] to write the [[Mandaic language]] for [[liturgy|liturgical purposes]].<ref name="TUSME"/> Classical Mandaic and its descendant [[Neo-Mandaic]] are still in limited use.<ref name="TUSME"/> The script has changed very little over centuries of use.<ref name="DBWWS"/><ref name="TUSME"/>

The Mandaic name for the script is ''Abagada'' or ''Abaga'', after the first letters of the [[alphabet]]. Rather than the traditional [[Phoenician alphabet|Semitic letter names]] (''aleph'', ''beth'', ''gimel''), they are known as ''a'', ''ba'', ''ga'' and so on.<ref name="MandadaicHandbook">{{cite book|first=Rudolf|last=Macúch|author-link=Rudolf Macúch|title=Handbook of Classical and Modern Mandaic|publisher=De Gruyter|date=1965|location=Berlin|pages=7–26}}</ref>

It is written from right to left in horizontal lines. It is a [[cursive]] script, but not all letters connect within a word. Spaces separate individual words.

During the past few decades, [[Majid Fandi Al-Mubaraki]], a Mandaean living in Australia, has digitized many Mandaean texts using [[typesetting|typeset]] Mandaic script.<ref>[https://www.mandaeannetwork.com/ Mandaean Network].</ref>

==Letters==
[[File:Mandaic chart from the Handbook of Classical and Modern Mandaic.png|thumb|Mandaic alphabet chart]]

The Mandaic alphabet contains 22 letters (in the same order as the Aramaic alphabet) and the digraph ''adu''. The alphabet is formally closed by repeating the first letter, ''a'', so that it has a symbolic count of 24 letters:<ref name="MandadaicDictionary">{{cite book|first1=Ethel Stefana|last1=Drower|author-link1=E. S. Drower|first2=Rudolf|last2=Macúch|author-link2=Rudolf Macúch|title=A Mandaic Dictionary|publisher=Clarendon Press|date=1963|location=London|pages=1, 491|url=https://vk.com/doc2355792_437013170?hash=ba0879093b7c0832ba&dl=455c2a717365d1bf7d}}</ref><ref name="Mandaeans1937">{{cite book|first=Ethel Stefana|last=Drower|author-link=E. S. Drower|title=The Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran: Their Cults, Customs, Magic, Legends, and Folklore|publisher=Clarendon Press|date=1937|location=Oxford|pages=[https://archive.org/details/MN41560ucmf_1/page/n389 240]–243|url=https://archive.org/details/MN41560ucmf_1}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable nounderlines Unicode"
|+ Mandaic alphabet<ref>This table can be viewed correctly using Firefox and the font [[Help:Multilingual support#Mandaic|Noto Sans Mandaic]].</ref>
|-
! rowspan="2" | # !! rowspan="2" | Name<ref name="DBWWS"/> !! rowspan="2" | Letter !! colspan="3" | Joining behavior !! colspan="3" | [[Transliteration]] !! rowspan="2" | [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]<ref name="DBWWS"/> !! rowspan="2" | [[Unicode]]<br/>code&nbsp;point
|-
! Right !! Medial !! Left !! Syriac !! Latin<ref name="DBWWS"/> !! Hebrew<ref name="MandadaicDictionary"/>
|-
| 1, 24 || a || {{Script|Mand|ࡀ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡀ}} || style="background-color:#CCCCCC;" | || style="background-color:#CCCCCC;" | || {{Lang|syr|ܐ}} || a || א || /a/ || U+0840 HALQA
|-
| 2 || ba || {{Script|Mand|ࡁ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡁ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡁـ}} || {{Script|Mand|ࡁـ}} || {{Lang|syr|ܒ}} || b || ב || /b/ || U+0841 AB
|-
| 3 || ga || {{Script|Mand|ࡂ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡂ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡂـ}} || {{Script|Mand|ࡂـ}} || {{Lang|syr|ܓ}} || g || ג || /ɡ/ || U+0842 AG
|-
| 4 || da || {{Script|Mand|ࡃ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡃ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡃـ}} || {{Script|Mand|ࡃـ}} || {{Lang|syr|ܕ}} || d || ד || /d/ || U+0843 AD
|-
| 5 || ha || {{Script|Mand|ࡄ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡄ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡄـ}} || {{Script|Mand|ࡄـ}} || {{Lang|syr|ܗ}} || h || ה || /h/ || U+0844 AH
|-
| 6 || wa || {{Script|Mand|ࡅ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡅ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡅـ}} || {{Script|Mand|ࡅـ}} || {{Lang|syr|ܘ}} || u || ו || /u, w/ || U+0845 USHENNA
|-
| 7 || za || {{Script|Mand|ࡆ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡆ}} || style="background-color:#CCCCCC;" | || style="background-color:#CCCCCC;" | || {{Lang|syr|ܙ}} || z || ז || /z/ || U+0846 AZ
|-
| 8 || eh || {{Script|Mand|ࡇ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡇ}} || style="background-color:#CCCCCC;" | || style="background-color:#CCCCCC;" | || {{Lang|syr|ܚ}} || -ẖ || ח || /χ/ || U+0847 IT
|-
| 9 || ṭa || {{Script|Mand|ࡈ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡈ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡈـ}} || {{Script|Mand|ࡈـ}} || {{Lang|syr|ܛ}} || ṭ || ט || /tˤ/ || U+0848 ATT
|-
| 10 || ya || {{Script|Mand|ࡉ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡉ}} || style="background-color:#CCCCCC;" | || style="background-color:#CCCCCC;" | || {{Lang|syr|ܝ}} || i || י || /i, j/ || U+0849 AKSA
|-
| 11 || ka || {{Script|Mand|ࡊ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡊ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡊـ}} || {{Script|Mand|ࡊـ}} || {{Lang|syr|ܟ}} || k || כ || /k/ || U+084A AK
|-
| 12 || la || {{Script|Mand|ࡋ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡋ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡋـ}} || {{Script|Mand|ࡋـ}} || {{Lang|syr|ܠ}} || l || ל || /l/ || U+084B AL
|-
| 13 || ma || {{Script|Mand|ࡌ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡌ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡌـ}} || {{Script|Mand|ࡌـ}} || {{Lang|syr|ܡ}} || m || מ || /m/ || U+084C AM
|-
| 14 || na || {{Script|Mand|ࡍ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡍ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡍـ}} || {{Script|Mand|ࡍـ}} || {{Lang|syr|ܢ}} || n || נ || /n/ || U+084D AN
|-
| 15 || sa || {{Script|Mand|ࡎ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡎ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡎـ}} || {{Script|Mand|ࡎـ}} || {{Lang|syr|ܣ}} || s || ס || /s/ || U+084E AS
|-
| 16 || e ||{{Script|Mand|ࡏ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡏ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡏـ}} || {{Script|Mand|ࡏـ}} || {{Lang|syr|ܥ}} || ʿ || ע || /e/ || U+084F IN
|-
| 17 || pa || {{Script|Mand|ࡐ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡐ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡐـ}} || {{Script|Mand|ࡐـ}} || {{Lang|syr|ܦ}} || p || פ || /p/ || U+0850 AP
|-
| 18 || ṣa || {{Script|Mand|ࡑ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡑ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡑـ}} || {{Script|Mand|ࡑـ}} || {{Lang|syr|ܨ}} || ṣ || צ || /sˤ/ || U+0851 ASZ
|-
| 19 || qa || {{Script|Mand|ࡒ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡒ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡒـ}} || {{Script|Mand|ࡒـ}} || {{Lang|syr|ܩ}} || q || ק || /q/ || U+0852 AQ
|-
| 20 || ra ||{{Script|Mand|ࡓ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡓ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡓـ}} || {{Script|Mand|ࡓـ}} || {{Lang|syr|ܪ}} || r || ר || /r/ || U+0853 AR
|-
| 21 || ša || {{Script|Mand|ࡔ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡔ}} || style="background-color:#CCCCCC;" | || style="background-color:#CCCCCC;" | || {{Lang|syr|ܫ}} || š || ש || /ʃ/ || U+0854 ASH
|-
| 22 || ta || {{Script|Mand|ࡕ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡕ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡕـ}} || {{Script|Mand|ࡕـ}} || {{Lang|syr|ܬ}} || t || ת || /t/ || U+0855 AT
|-
| 23 || ḏ || {{Script|Mand|ࡖ}} || {{Script|Mand|ـࡖ}} || style="background-color:#CCCCCC;" | || style="background-color:#CCCCCC;" | || {{Lang|syr|ܯ}} || ḏ- || דﬞ‎ || /ð/ || U+0856&nbsp;DUSHENNA
|}

===Vowels===
Unlike most other Semitic alphabets, vowels are usually written out in full. The first letter, ''a'' (corresponding to ''alaph''), is used to represent a range of open vowels. The sixth letter, ''wa'', is used for close back vowels (''u'' and ''o''), and the tenth letter, ''ya'' is used for close front vowels (''i'' and ''e''). These last two can also serve as the consonants ''w/v'' and ''y''. The eighth letter corresponds to the Semitic ''[[heth]]'', and is called ''eh''; it is pronounced as a long ''i''-vowel but is used only as a suffix for the [[Grammatical person|third person singular]].<ref name="Mandaeans1937"/> The sixteenth letter, ''e'' (Aramaic ''[[Ayin|ayn]]''), usually represents ''e'' at the beginning of a word or, when followed by ''wa'' or ''ya'', represents initial ''u'' or ''i'' respectively.

A mark similar to an underscore ({{unichar|085A|MANDAIC VOCALIZATION MARK|cwith=◌}}) can be used to distinguish vowel quality for three Mandaic vowels. It is used in teaching materials but may be omitted from ordinary text.<ref name="L208270"/> It is only used with vowels ''a'', ''wa'', and ''ya''. Using the letter ''ba'' as an example:

* {{Script|Mand|ࡁࡀ}} /bā/ becomes {{Script|Mand|ࡁࡀ&#x085A;}} /ba/
* {{Script|Mand|ࡁࡅ}} /bu/ becomes {{Script|Mand|ࡁࡅ&#x085A;}} /bo/
* {{Script|Mand|ࡁࡉ}} /bi/ becomes {{Script|Mand|ࡁࡉ&#x085A;}} /be/

===Gemination mark===
A dot under a consonant ({{unichar|085B|MANDAIC GEMINATION MARK|cwith=◌}}) can be used to note [[gemination]], indicating what native writers call a "hard" pronunciation.<ref name="L208270"/>
Sample words include {{Script|Mand|ࡀࡊ&#x085B;ࡀ}} (ekka) 'there is', {{Script|Mand|ࡔࡉࡍ&#x085B;ࡀ}} (šenna) 'tooth', {{Script|Mand|ࡋࡉࡁ&#x085B;ࡀ}} (lebba) 'heart', and {{Script|Mand|ࡓࡁ&#x085B;ࡀ}} (rabba) 'great'.<ref name="L208270"/>

===Ligatures===
The 23rd letter of the alphabet is the digraph ''adu'' (''da'' + ''ya''), the relative particle<ref name="TUSME"/><ref name="MandadaicDictionary"/> (cf. Arabic [[tāʾ marbūṭah]], [[Coptic language|Coptic]] letter "ti", and English [[Ampersand#Etymology|ampersand]]).

In addition to normal joining behavior, some Mandaic letters can combine to form various [[Typographic ligature|ligatures]]:<ref name="DBWWS"/><ref name="L208270">{{Cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2008/08270r-n3485r-mandaic.pdf|title=L2/08-270R: Proposal for encoding the Mandaic script in the BMP of the UCS|date=2008-08-04|first1=Michael|last1=Everson|author-link1=Michael Everson|first2=Bob|last2=Richmond}}</ref>
* {{Script|Mand|ࡊࡃ}} /kd/, {{Script|Mand|ࡗ}} /kḏ/, {{Script|Mand|ࡊࡉ}} /ki/, {{Script|Mand|ࡊࡋ}} /kl/, {{Script|Mand|ࡊࡓ}} /kr/, {{Script|Mand|ࡊࡕ}} /kt/, and {{Script|Mand|ࡊࡅ}} /ku/
* {{Script|Mand|ࡍࡃ}} /nd/, {{Script|Mand|ࡍࡉ}} /ni/, {{Script|Mand|ࡍࡌ}} /nm/, {{Script|Mand|ࡍࡒ}} /nq/, {{Script|Mand|ࡍࡕ}} /nt/, and {{Script|Mand|ࡍࡅ}} /nu/
* {{Script|Mand|ࡐࡋ}} /pl/, {{Script|Mand|ࡐࡓ}} /pr/, and {{Script|Mand|ࡐࡅ}} /pu/
* {{Script|Mand|ࡑࡋ}} /sˤl/, {{Script|Mand|ࡑࡓ}} /sˤr/, and {{Script|Mand|ࡑࡅ}} /sˤu/
* {{Script|Mand|ࡅࡕ}} /ut/

Both ''adu'' ({{unichar|0856|MANDAIC LETTER DUSHENNA}}) and the old ligature kḏ ({{unichar|0857|MANDAIC LETTER KAD}}) are treated as single characters in Unicode.

===Similar characters===
Due to their similar shapes, certain Mandaic characters are sometimes confused with each other by both historical Mandaean scribes and modern scholars, particularly in handwritten manuscripts. These include the following.<ref name="Häberl 2022">{{cite book | last=Häberl | first=Charles | url=https://www.liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/doi/book/10.3828/9781800856271 | title=The Book of Kings and the Explanations of This World: A Universal History from the Late Sasanian Empire | location=Liverpool | publisher=Liverpool University Press | date=2022 | isbn=978-1-80085-627-1 | pages=33–34 | doi=10.3828/9781800856271 | doi-broken-date=17 September 2025 }}</ref>
* {{Script|Mand|ࡃ}} /d/, {{Script|Mand|ࡓ}} /r/, {{Script|Mand|ࡏ}} /e/, {{Script|Mand|ࡒ}} /q/
* {{Script|Mand|ࡅ}} /u/, {{Script|Mand|ࡉ}} /i/
* {{Script|Mand|ࡌ}} /m/, {{Script|Mand|ࡕ}} /t/
* {{Script|Mand|ࡊ}} /k/, {{Script|Mand|ࡍ}} /n/, {{Script|Mand|ࡐ}} /p/
* {{Script|Mand|ࡐࡀ}} /pa/, {{Script|Mand|ࡀࡍࡀ}} /ana/, {{Script|Mand|ࡔ}} /ʃ/
* {{Script|Mand|ࡑ}} /sˤ/, {{Script|Mand|ࡄࡍ}} /hn/

==Extensions==
===Affrication mark===

Postclassical and modern Mandaic use many [[Persian language|Persian]] words. Various Mandaic letters can be re-purposed by placing two horizontally-aligned dots underneath ({{unichar|0859|MANDAIC AFFRICATION MARK|cwith=◌}}). This idea is comparable to the four [[Persian alphabet#Novel letters|novel letters in the Persian alphabet]], allowing the alphabet to be used to represent foreign sounds (whether [[Affricate consonant#Affrication|affrication]], [[lenition]], or another sound):<ref name="L208270"/>
* {{Script|Mand|ࡂ}} /g/ becomes {{Script|Mand|ࡂ&#x0859;}} /ɣ/
* {{Script|Mand|ࡃ}} /d/ becomes {{Script|Mand|ࡃ&#x0859;}} /ð/
* {{Script|Mand|ࡄ}} /h/ becomes {{Script|Mand|ࡄ&#x0859;}} /ħ/
* {{Script|Mand|ࡈ}} /tˤ/ becomes {{Script|Mand|ࡈ&#x0859;}} /ðˤ/
* {{Script|Mand|ࡊ}} /k/ becomes {{Script|Mand|ࡊ&#x0859;}} /x/
* {{Script|Mand|ࡐ}} /p/ becomes {{Script|Mand|ࡐ&#x0859;}} /f/
* {{Script|Mand|ࡑ}} /sˤ/ becomes {{Script|Mand|ࡑ&#x0859;}} /ʒ/, /dˤ/
* {{Script|Mand|ࡔ}} /ʃ/ becomes {{Script|Mand|ࡔ&#x0859;}} /tʃ/, /dʒ/
* {{Script|Mand|ࡕ}} /t/ becomes {{Script|Mand|ࡕ&#x0859;}} /θ/

===Ayin===

Mandaic [[ayin]] ({{Script|Mand|&#x0858;}}) is borrowed from Arabic ayin ({{Script|Arab|ع}}).<ref name="TUSME"/> Unlike in Arabic, Mandaic ayin does not join with other letters.<ref name="L208270"/>

==Punctuation and other marks==

Punctuation is sparsely used in Mandaic text.<ref name="L208270"/> A break in text can be indicated by two concentric circles ({{unichar|085E|MANDAIC PUNCTUATION}}).<ref name="TUSME"/>

A horizontal low line ({{unichar|0640|ARABIC TATWEEL}}) can be used to [[Typographic alignment#Justified|justify]] text.<ref name="TUSME"/>

==Religious use==
[[File:MS DC 41-9 - human figure.jpg|thumb|right|Illustration of [[Adam Kasia]] from ''[[Alma Rišaia Rba]]'' (DC 41), with the letters of the Mandaic alphabet inscribed inside]]
{{main|Mandaeism}}
Each letter of the Mandaic alphabet is said to represent a power of life and light.<ref name="Mandaeans1937"/>
Mandaeans view their alphabet as magical and sacred.<ref name="Mandaeans1937"/><ref name="TUSME"/>

[[Acrostic]] hymns can be found in [[Mandaic literature]], for example in Book 12 of the ''[[Right Ginza]]''.<ref name="GR Gelbert">{{cite book |url=https://livingwaterbooks.com.au/product/ginza-rba/ |last1=Gelbert |first1=Carlos |title=Ginza Rba |year=2011 |publisher=Living Water Books |location=Sydney |isbn=9780958034630}}</ref>

The Semitic alphabet contains 22 letters. In order to bring this number to 24, the number of hours in a day, ''adu'' was added and ''a'' was repeated as the last letter of the Mandaic alphabet.<ref name="MandadaicHandbook"/><ref name="Mandaeans1937"/> Without this repetition, the alphabet would be considered incomplete for magical purposes.<ref name="MandadaicHandbook"/>

==Unicode==

{{Main|Mandaic (Unicode block)}}

The Mandaic alphabet was added to the [[Unicode]] Standard in October, 2010 with the release of version 6.0.

The Unicode block for Mandaic is U+0840&ndash;U+085F:

{{Unicode chart Mandaic}}

==Gallery==
<gallery widths="180px" heights="180px" perrow="4">
File:Bowl with incantation for Buktuya and household, Mandean in Mandaic language and script, Southern Mesopotamia, c. 200-600 AD - Royal Ontario Museum - DSC09714.JPG|Bowl with incantation for Buktuya and household, c. 200-600 CE ([[Royal Ontario Museum]] in [[Toronto]], Canada)
File:Bowl with incantation for Kuktan Pruk during her pregnancy, Mandean in Mandaic language and script, Southern Mesopotamia, c. 200-600 AD - Royal Ontario Museum - DSC09713.JPG|Bowl with incantation for Kuktan Pruk during her pregnancy, c. 200-600 CE (Royal Ontario Museum)
File:Bowl with incantation to protect Anush Busai and his family against bad luck, Mandean in Mandaic language and script, southern Mesopotamia, c. 200-600 AD - Royal Ontario Museum - DSC09712.JPG|Bowl with incantation to protect Anush Busai and his family against bad luck, c. 200-600 CE (Royal Ontario Museum)
File:Das Buch der Schrift (Faulmann) 103.jpg|Mandaic chart from Das Buch der Schrift (Book of Writing Systems), 1880, Carl Faulmann
File:Illustrirte Geschichte der Schrift (Faulmann) 359.jpg|Page 314 of Illustrirte Geschichte Der Schrift (Illustrated History of Writing), 1880, Carl Faulmann
File:Illustrirte Geschichte der Schrift (Faulmann) 360.jpg|Page 315 of Illustrirte Geschichte Der Schrift
File:Illustrirte Geschichte der Schrift (Faulmann) 361.jpg|Page 316 of Illustrirte Geschichte Der Schrift
File:Illustrirte Geschichte der Schrift (Faulmann) 430.jpg|Comparison chart from Illustrirte Geschichte Der Schrift
File:Phoenician.png|Comparison chart from [[Encyclopédie|L'Encyclopedie Diderot & d'Alembert]], volume 2
</gallery>

== See also ==
* [[Syriac alphabet]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commonscat|Mandaic script}}
*[http://www.mandaic.org/ Mandaic.org: Mandaic and Neo-Mandaic Texts and Resources] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104071635/http://www.mandaic.org/ |date=2018-11-04 }}
*[https://fonts.google.com/noto/specimen/Noto+Sans+Mandaic Noto Sans Mandaic] from [[Google Fonts]]
*[https://mandaeannetwork.com/Mandaean/mandaean_Mandaic_font_and__Users_Manual_Manda_Mandaic_Unicode_Consortium_download.html Mandaic Regular Font] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508084607/https://mandaeannetwork.com/Mandaean/mandaean_Mandaic_font_and__Users_Manual_Manda_Mandaic_Unicode_Consortium_download.html |date=2024-05-08 }} from the Mandaean Network
*[https://keyman.com/keyboards/mandaic_phonetic Mandaic phonetic keyboard] from SIL Keyman
*[https://mandaic.com/ Mandaic keyboard] ([https://mandaic.vercel.app/ mirror])

{{list of writing systems}}
{{Mandaeism footer}}

[[Category:Aramaic alphabet]]
[[Category:Abjad writing systems]]
[[Category:Right-to-left writing systems]]
[[Category:Mandaic language]]