View source for Made man

{{short description|Fully initiated member of the Mafia}}
{{hatnote group|
{{confuse|Self-made man}}
{{other uses}}
}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2017}}
[[File:Mafia family structure tree.en.svg|thumb|Structure of a Mafia crime family]]

In the [[Sicilian Mafia|Sicilian]] and [[American Mafia]], a '''made man''' is a [[Mafia initiation ritual|fully initiated member]] of the Mafia. In order to become eligible to be "made", an [[American Mafia#Structure|associate]] must fulfill several requirements, such as being [[Italians|Italian]] or of Italian descent and sponsored by another made man. An inductee will be required to take the oath of ''[[omertà]]'', the Mafia [[code of silence]] and code of honor. After the [[initiation ritual (mafia)|induction ceremony]], the associate becomes a "made man" and holds the rank of [[Soldato|soldier]] ({{langx|it|soldato}}) in the Mafia hierarchy. Made men are the only ones who can rise through the ranks of the Mafia, from soldier to [[caporegime]], [[consigliere]], [[underboss]], and [[Crime boss#Italian Mafia|boss]].

Other common names for members include ''man of honor'' ({{langx|it|uomo d'onore|links=no}}), ''man of respect'' ({{langx|it|uomo di rispetto|links=no}}), ''one of us'' ({{langx|it|uno di noi|links=no}}), ''friend of ours'' ({{langx|it|amico nostro|links=no}}), ''good fella'', and ''wiseguy'', although the last two terms can also apply to non-initiated Mafia associates who work closely with the Mafia, rather than just official "made men". Earning or making one's "bones" or "button" or becoming a "[[contract killer|button man]]" for the Mafia is usually synonymous with becoming a "made man".

Other street terms for being initiated into the Mafia include being "straightened out" or "[[baptism|baptized]]", and earning one's "badge".<ref name="Chandler, David L 1975">{{cite book |last=Chandler |first=David L. |title=Brothers in Blood: The Rise of the Criminal Brotherhoods |location=Toronto and Vancouver |publisher=Clarke, Irwin & Company |year=1975 |isbn=0-525-07185-7 }}</ref> "Opening the books" and "closing the books" are phrases used in the Mafia to indicate, respectively, that a family is ready or unwilling/unable to accept new members. In [[Sicily]], the proper term for a member of the Sicilian Mafia is in Italian {{Lang|it|uomo d'onore}}, or in [[Sicilian language|Sicilian]] ''omu d'onuri''. ''Mafioso'' and the plural ''mafiosi'' are common terms used colloquially and by the press and academics, but are generally not used by members of the Italian-American and Sicilian Mafia themselves.

== Overview ==
Traditionally in the [[American Mafia]] to become a made man, the inductee was required to be a male of full Sicilian descent,<ref name="trutv">{{cite web|url=http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/gangsters_outlaws/mob_bosses/gravano/memories_2.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217072000/http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/gangsters_outlaws/mob_bosses/gravano/memories_2.html|archive-date=December 17, 2008|title=Sammy "The Bull" Gravano|last=May|first=Allan|publisher=TruTV.com|access-date=February 11, 2012}}</ref> which was then extended to males of full Italian descent,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nymag.com/nymetro/news/crimelaw/features/10871/ |first1=Jerry |last1=Capeci |date= Jan 19, 2005 |title=The Life, By the Numbers|website=New York Magazine|access-date=2016-11-24}}</ref> and later further extended to males of half-Italian descent through their father's lineage.<ref name="trutv"/>  For example, famous [[Lucchese family]] associate [[Henry Hill]], portrayed in the 1990 film ''[[Goodfellas]]'', was unable to become a made man, despite his extensive Mafia career and his mother's Sicilian descent, because his father was of Irish descent. According to [[Salvatore Vitale]], it was decided during a [[The Commission (mafia)|Commission]] meeting in 2000 to restore the rule requiring both parents to be of Italian descent.<ref>{{cite book |last=Raab |first=Selwyn |title=Five Families: The Rise, Decline and Resurgence of America's Most Powerful Mafia Empires |publisher=St. Martin Press |year=2005 |isbn=0-312-36181-5 |page=704 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JMlEAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA704 }}</ref> 

However, examples of made members who are not of full Italian descent include the son of Italian-American mobster [[John Gotti]], [[John A. Gotti]], whose maternal grandmother was [[Russians|Russian]], and [[Frank Salemme]] of the [[New England]] [[Patriarca crime family]], whose father was of Italian descent, but whose mother was of Irish descent. In other cases, partially Italian-American associates have hidden their non-Italian heritage to become made men, as in the case of [[Scarfo crime family]] soldier and made man [[Andrew Thomas DelGiorno]], who was of [[Polish people|Polish]] and Italian descent but managed to conceal his Polish heritage on his mother's side and was therefore inducted into the Philadelphia Mafia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YMG5qNwIgVE |title=YouTube |publisher=YouTube |date= |accessdate=2022-03-16}}</ref>

Historically, men of [[Northern Italy|Northern Italian]] descent were considered unacceptable for membership in the American Mafia, because the Sicilian counterpart and other related crime groups originated in [[Southern Italy]]. [[Colombo crime family|Colombo family capo]] [[Gregory Scarpa]] was nearly denied membership into the American Cosa Nostra because his family was from the Northern Italian [[Veneto]] province. However, his money-making abilities and willingness to use violence convinced Colombo family leadership to induct him anyway.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YMG5qNwIgVE |title=YouTube |publisher=YouTube |date= |accessdate=2022-03-16}}</ref>

An associate of a [[crime family]] who has worked as a law enforcement officer in any capacity, or who has even attended or applied to a law enforcement training program, usually cannot become a made member of the Mafia. For example, [[DeMeo crew]] member Henry Borelli could never become a made man in the [[Gambino family]], since he had taken the [[New York City Police Department]] entrance exam in the early 1970s. Bonanno underboss [[Salvatore Vitale]] was only "made" because his brother-in-law and future boss [[Joseph Massino]] managed to cover up Vitale's previous work as a [[Prison officer|corrections officer]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Raab |first=Selwyn |title=Five Families: The Rise, Decline and Resurgence of America's Most Powerful Mafia Empires |publisher=St. Martin Press |year=2005 |isbn=0-312-36181-5 |page=635 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JMlEAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA635 }}</ref> 

One exception to this rule is [[Philadelphia crime family|Scarfo crime family]] soldier [[Ron Previte]], who was a former (albeit [[Police corruption|corrupt]]) member of the [[Philadelphia Police Department|Philadelphia police force]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clockerbob.com/chapter9.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100825103918/http://www.clockerbob.com/chapter9.html|url-status=dead|title=United States Versus James V. Delaurentis|archive-date=August 25, 2010}}</ref> In addition, though never becoming officially made members of the Mafia, corrupt [[New York Police Department|NYPD]] police detectives [[Louis Eppolito and Stephen Caracappa]] performed duties for the Lucchese crime family equivalent to those of a soldier or made man.

Certain individuals have also been deemed unworthy to be inducted into Cosa Nostra due to not meeting certain standards. [[Sam DeStefano|"Mad Sam" DeStefano]] was a [[Mental disorder|mentally unstable]] and sadistic [[loan shark]] who took pleasure in torture and murder. The [[Chicago Outfit]] tolerated his earning ability but never made him, because they feared that his bizarre behavior brought too much publicity. Joseph "Joe Pitts" Conigliaro, an associate of the [[DeCavalcante crime family]] who was paralyzed and reliant on a wheelchair as a result of a shooting, was ineligible to become a "made" member of the family due to his disability but was otherwise "treated ... as a made guy", according to [[Anthony Capo]].<ref name="Saga">[https://www.nydailynews.com/2002/12/04/saga-of-mob-ironsides-and-lead-filled-demise/ Saga of Mob Ironsides and Lead-Filled Demise] Greg B. Smith, ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (December 4, 2002) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240422194701/https://www.nydailynews.com/2002/12/04/saga-of-mob-ironsides-and-lead-filled-demise/ |date=April 22, 2024 }}</ref>

Often, an associate is required to carry out a [[contract killing]] in order to become eligible for induction. Traditionally, this rule was applied to prove the associate's loyalty to the Mafia. In modern times, it also serves to show that one is not an [[undercover agent|undercover law enforcement agent]]. According to traditional rules, any murders carried out for personal reasons cannot be used to fulfill the requirement.<ref name="underboss">[http://search.barnesandnoble.com/The-Underboss/Peter-Maas/e/9780061096648 The Underboss] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511071923/http://search.barnesandnoble.com/The-Underboss/Peter-Maas/e/9780061096648 |date=May 11, 2008 }} by [[Peter Maas]].</ref> Committing one's first contract killing is referred to as "making one's bones"<ref name="underboss"/> or earning one's "button", thus becoming a "button man."

As a result of the [[Apalachin meeting]], the membership books to become a made man in the mob were thought to have been closed in 1957 and were not known to law enforcement to have been reopened until 1976, though whether this was actually the case or was an assumption due to a lack of information on the part of law enforcement and the press is unclear, as some Mafia members seem to have been made during that period.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/03/21/archives/five-mafia-families-open-rosters-to-new-members-five-mafia-families.html|title=Five Mafia Families Open Rosters to New Members|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 21, 1976}}</ref>

== Induction ceremony ==
{{Main|Mafia initiation ritual}}
To become made, an associate would first have to be sponsored by a made man.<ref>Five Families: the Rise, Decline, and Resurgence of America's Most Powerful Mafia Empires, by [[Selwyn Raab]]. Macmillan, 2005. {{ISBN|0-312-30094-8}}, {{ISBN|978-0-312-30094-4}}</ref> According to [[Joe Pistone]]'s accounts in his books ''[[The Way of the Wiseguy]]'' and ''Donnie Brasco: Unfinished Business'', the associate must now have at least two sponsors, one of whom must have known him for 10 to 15 years. The sponsor knows the associate and vouches for his reliability and abilities. Although a capo or other senior members will determine the prospective member's credibility, ultimately the decision lies with the boss of the family into which he will be inducted.

When the crime family "opens the books" (accepts new members), an associate will get a call telling him to get ready and dressed.<ref>Capeci, Jerry. The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Mafia. Indianapolis: Alpha Books, 2002. {{ISBN|0-02-864225-2}}</ref> He will then be picked up and taken to the room where the ceremony will take place, alone or with other accepted candidates. An inductee will be required to take the oath of ''[[omertà]]'', the mafia [[code of silence]]. Though the ceremony varies from family to family, it typically involves the pricking of the trigger finger of the inductee, then dripping blood onto a picture of a [[saint]], typically [[Francis of Assisi|St Francis of Assisi]] or the [[Virgin Mary]], which is then set alight in his hand and kept burning until the inductee has sworn the oath of loyalty to his new "family", such as, "As burns this saint, so will burn my soul. I enter alive and I will have to get out dead."<ref>"Mafia oath presented for jurors". EDMUND MAHONY ''The Hartford Courant'', July 4, 1991</ref>

==Privileges==
After the induction ceremony the ''associate'' becomes a ''made man'' and holds the rank of [[soldato|soldier]] ({{langx|it|soldato}}) in the Mafia hierarchy.  He is given responsibilities and receives benefits. A made man enjoys the full protection and backing of the Mafia establishment as long as he remains in favor and earns enough money, a percentage of which must be passed up the hierarchy. A made man is traditionally seen as "untouchable" by fellow criminals; he is to be respected and feared.<ref>{{cite web |title=How Do You Become a Made Man?|url=http://www.nationalcrimesyndicate.com/become-made-man/|access-date=2016-05-12}}</ref> To strike, let alone kill, a made man for any reason without the permission of the Mafia family leadership is punished by death, regardless of whether or not the perpetrator had a legitimate grievance.<ref>{{cite web |title=The FBI's 'Made' Mafia Man, news article by Reporter Michael Heaton in the "Plain Dealer", August 31 2013 |url=http://newsmine.org/content.php?ol=security/fbis-made-mafia-man.txt|access-date=2016-05-12}}</ref> 

An example of this type of retribution was discussed in the non-fiction book ''[[Wiseguy (book)|Wiseguy]]'',<ref>{{cite book|first=Nicholas |last=Pileggi|title=Wiseguy|publisher=Simon and Schuster|year=1990 |isbn=9780671723224|pages=226–234}}</ref> and dramatized in the 1990 film ''[[Goodfellas]]'', which chronicles the life of [[Henry Hill]], who was a [[Lucchese crime family]] associate turned FBI informant. It involved the circumstances of the disappearance of [[Thomas DeSimone|Tommy DeSimone]], a fellow Lucchese associate who was allegedly killed by the [[Gambino crime family]]. His offense was that he murdered made man [[William Bentvena|William "Billy Batts" Bentvena]] (a member of the Gambino crew led by then [[caporegime]] and future boss [[John Gotti]]) without permission.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Real Goodfellas: The Mysterious Fate of Tommy DeSimone|date=April 7, 2015|url=http://www.denofgeek.com/us/movies/goodfellas/244858/the-real-goodfellas-the-mysterious-fate-of-tommy-desimone|access-date=2016-05-12}}</ref> A made man can, however, be killed if a good enough reason is provided and the Mafia family's leadership grants permission.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{American Mafia}}
{{Mafia}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Made Man}}
[[Category:American Mafia]]
[[Category:Organized crime members by role]]