View source for Macao Basic Law

{{Short description|Constitutional document of Macau}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Politics of Macau}}
{{Chinese
|order=ts
|t=中華人民共和國澳門特別行政區基本法
|s=中华人民共和国澳门特别行政区基本法
|j=zung1 waa4 jan4 man4 gung6 wo4 gwok3 ou3 mun4*2 dak6 bit6 hang4 zing3 keoi1 gei1 bun2 faat3
|p=Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Àomén Tèbiéxíngzhèngqū Jīběnfǎ
|por=Lei Básica da Região Administrativa Especial de Macau da República Popular da China
}}
The '''Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China''' ({{lang-zh|中華人民共和國澳門特別行政區基本法}}, {{langx|pt|Lei Básica da Região Administrativa Especial de Macau da República Popular da China}}) is the [[organic law]] that establishes the [[Macau|Macau Special Administrative Region]], replacing the [[Estatuto Orgânico de Macau]]. It was adopted on 31 March 1993 by China's [[National People's Congress]] and promulgated by President [[Jiang Zemin]]; it came into effect on 20 December 1999, following the [[handover of Macau]] from Portugal to China.

==Overview==
In accordance with Article 31 of the [[Constitution of the People's Republic of China]], Macau has special administrative region status, which provides constitutional guarantees for implementing the policy of "[[one country, two systems]]" and the constitutional basis for enacting the Basic Law of the Macau Special Administrative Region. The Macau Special Administrative Region is directly under the authority of the [[Government of the People's Republic of China|central government of China]] in [[Beijing]], which controls the [[foreign policy]] and [[defense (military)|defense]] of Macau but otherwise grants the region a "high degree of [[autonomy]]."

== Structure ==
* Preamble
* Chapter I: General Principles
* Chapter II: Relationship between the Central Authorities and the Macao Special Administrative Region
* Chapter III: Fundamental Rights and Duties of the Residents
* Chapter IV Political Structure
** Section 1: The Chief Executive
** Section 2: The Executive Authorities
** Section 3: The Legislature
** Section 4: The Judiciary
** Section 5: Municipal Organs
** Section 6: Public Servants
** Section 7: Swearing Allegiance
* Chapter V: Economy
* Chapter VI: Culture and Social Affairs
* Chapter VII: External Affairs
* Chapter VIII: Interpretation and Amendment of the Basic Law
* Chapter IX: Supplementary Provisions
* Annex I: Method for the Selection of the Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region
* Annex II: Method for the Formation of the Legislative Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region
* Annex III: National Laws to Be Applied in the Macao Special Administrative Region

== Amendment ==
Article 144 sets out the amendment process, similar to the Basic Law of Hong Kong, and gives the [[National People's Congress]] the sole power to amend it. Amendments can be proposed by either the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, the State Council, or Macau. For Macau to propose amendments, the amendments first need the consent of two-thirds of the deputies of Macau to the National People's Congress, two-thirds of all the members of the Legislative Assembly and the Chief Executive. All proposals needs to be reviewed by the Committee for the Basic Law of the Macau Special Administrative Region, and no amendments can "contravene the established basic policies of the People's Republic of China regarding Macau".

=== Annexes I and II ===
According to Annexes I and II of the Basic Law, amendments could be made to the methods for selecting the chief executive and forming the Legislative Council for the terms subsequent to the year 2009 with the endorsement of a two-thirds majority of all the members of the [[Legislative Assembly of Macau|Legislative Assembly]] and the consent of the [[Chief Executive of Macau|Chief Executive]]. Amendments should then be reported to the [[Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress|NPCSC]] for approval. The method of amendment is similar to the Annexes I and II of the Basic Law of Hong Kong pre-2021.

==See also==
* [[Basic law]]
* [[Hong Kong Basic Law]]
* [[Macau security law|Macau national security law]]

== External links ==
{{Wikisource}}
* {{cite web |title=宪制性文件 |url=https://www.gov.mo/zh-hans/content/laws/constitutional-documents/ |website=澳门特别行政区政府入口网站 |language=zh-hans}}
* Government website about the basic law: [https://www.basiclaw.gov.mo/index_tc.aspx in Chinese] and [https://www.basiclaw.gov.mo/index_pt.aspx in Portuguese]
* '''Full text'''
** Official texts in Macau's official languages: [https://bo.io.gov.mo/bo/i/1999/leibasica/index_cn.asp in Chinese] and [https://bo.io.gov.mo/bo/i/1999/leibasica/index.asp in Portuguese] via the Government Printing Bureau's official website
** English translations: [https://web.archive.org/web/20010320024207/http://www.imprensa.macau.gov.mo/bo/i/1999/leibasica/index_uk.asp Government Printing Bureau's official website] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20051024234116/http://www.umac.mo/basiclaw/english/main.html University of Macau translation]

* Harald Brüning: 10 anos de Lei Básica. Revista Macau, Maio 2003, III Série No. 14. {{ISSN|0871-004X}}

{{Macau topics}}
{{Constitutions of Asia}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Basic Law of Macau| ]]
[[Category:Government of Macau|Basic Law]]
[[Category:Laws of China]]
[[Category:Law of Macau|Basic Law]]
[[Category:Society of Macau|Basic Law]]
[[Category:Politics of Macau|Basic Law]]
[[Category:1993 in law]]
[[Category:1999 establishments in Macau|Basic Law]]
[[Category:Constitution-related laws of China]]

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