View source for M9 bayonet

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox weapon
| name               = M9 bayonet
| origin             = United States
| image              = US-Military-M9-Bayonet.jpg
| image_size         = 300
| caption            = An M9 bayonet affixed to an [[M4 carbine]]
| type               = [[Bayonet]]

<!-- Type selection -->| is_bladed          = yes

<!-- Service history -->| service            = 1986–present
| used_by            = 
| wars               = {{Plain list|
* [[United States invasion of Panama|Invasion of Panama]]
* [[Persian Gulf War]]
* [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|War in Afghanistan]]
* [[Iraq War]]
}}
<!-- Production history -->| designer           = [[Mickey Finn (inventor)|Charles A. "Mickey" Finn]]
| design_date        = 1986
| manufacturer       = Phrobis, Buck Knives, LanCay, and Ontario
| production_date    = 1986–present
| number             = 405,000+
| variants           = <!-- General specifications -->
| length             = {{convert|12|in|cm|abbr=on}}
| part_length        = {{convert|7|in|cm|abbr=on}}

<!-- Bladed weapon specifications -->| blade_type         = Clip point
| blade_steel        = 
| hilt_type          = 
| sheath_type        = 
}}

The '''M9 bayonet''', officially known as the '''M9 Phrobis III''', is an American multi-purpose [[knife]] and [[bayonet]] officially adopted in 1986 by the [[United States Armed Forces]] for the [[M16 rifle]]. 

==History==
In 1973, the U.S. military retired the [[M7 bayonet]], introduced in 1964, due to changing military tactics and increasing reliance on high technology that made the use of bayonets in combat unlikely and largely unnecessary. However, this left them without a cutting tool.<ref name=":02">{{cite magazine |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=January 5, 1987 |title=The New Bayonet Stabs, Slices and Even Dices, Thanks to Mickey Finn |url=http://people.com/archive/the-new-bayonet-stabs-slices-and-even-dices-thanks-to-mickey-finn-vol-27-no-1/|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20161229033000/http://people.com/archive/the-new-bayonet-stabs-slices-and-even-dices-thanks-to-mickey-finn-vol-27-no-1/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2016-12-29|access-date=November 23, 2016 |magazine=People |publisher=Time Inc. |location=New York |volume=27 |number=1}}</ref>

The M9 bayonet was designed and developed by [[Mickey Finn (inventor)|Charles A. "Mickey" Finn]] at his R&D company, Qual-A-Tec.<ref name="LA">{{cite news |last=Reza |first=H.G. |date=1986-10-30 |title=One-Time Delicatessen Owner Builds the Army a Better Bayonet |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-10-30-me-8588-story.html |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |access-date=2016-11-23}}</ref><ref name="SABC">{{cite magazine |last=Brett |first=Homer |date=Summer 1992 |title=Phrobis and the M9 Bayonet |url=http://mocityman.com/content/M9Resources/SABCJournalArticleOnPhrobisM9Part1to4.compressed.pdf |magazine=Society of American Blade Collectors |issue=10 |access-date=2016-11-23 |quote="The design submitted by the firm of Phrobis III of Oceanside, California, won the competition. It was a hands-down win with Phrobis having a zero failure rate while the worst design had a failure rate of 74% (''Armed Forces Journal'')."}}</ref><ref name="Blade">{{cite magazine |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Army Selects New Bayonet. Phrobis III: The Winning Edge. |url=http://mickeyfinngolf.com/new4/images/mags/phrobisIII_smR.gif |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226192704/http://mickeyfinngolf.com/new4/images/mags/phrobisIII_smR.gif |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-12-26 |magazine= Blade Magazine |year=1987 }}</ref> 

Finn sought to develop "a sort of [[Swiss Army knife]] for field use", out of an actual proper knife that could also be used for military combat purposes.<ref name=":02" /> 

Qual-A-Tec's M9 bayonet design won over 49 other competitors, and was the only contract bid entry to have a zero percent failure rate.<ref name="SABC" /> It is an improved, refined copy of the [[AKM#Accessories|6H3 bayonet]] developed by the [[Soviet Union]] for the [[AKM]].<ref name="tactical-life.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.tactical-life.com/online/tactical-knives/akm-47-bayonet-from-battle/ |title=AKM-47 Bayonet From Battle - Bayonet Knife Review |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=July 1, 2008 |website=Tactical Life.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905054806/http://www.tactical-life.com/tactical-knives/akm-47-bayonet-from-battle/ |archive-date=2017-09-05}}</ref>

Finn later produced the M9 under the Phrobis III name, filling a military contract for 325,000 units. [[Buck Knives]] was contracted to produce 300,000 units, and sold a commercial version under their own name until 1997. 

Finn's designs proved extremely popular, and were widely counterfeited and sold illegally by other makers.<ref name="Brayley2004">{{cite book |last=Brayley |first=Martin |title=Bayonets: An Illustrated History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hea23-3q5hoC&pg=PA237 |date=1 December 2004 |publisher=Krause Publications |location=Iola, Wisconsin |isbn=978-0-87349-870-8 |pages=237–239}}</ref> In 1989, Finn received {{US patent|4821356}}, but unlicensed copies from Asia and Mexico cut into his legitimate sales.

After the Phrobis III bayonet contract was completed in 1989, rights to the M9 reverted to the [[United States Army]] and there were many subsequent versions from other companies. The Marine Corps issues the [[OKC-3S bayonet]] instead of the M9.

== Design ==
[[Image:US-Military-M9-Bayonet-used-as-Wirecutter.jpg|left|thumb|An M9 bayonet with its sheath]]Featuring a {{convert|7|in|cm|adj=on}} [[blade]] and issued with a [[Scabbard|sheath]] designed to double as a [[wire cutter]], the M9 bayonet is designed to function not only as a [[combat knife]] but also as a [[multi-tool]], capable of serving as a wire cutter, metal slicer, [[bottle opener]], and [[screwdriver]].

Some production runs of the M9 have a [[Fuller (groove)|fuller]] and some do not, depending upon which contractor manufactured that batch and what the military specs were at the time. 

Although it has been claimed that the M9 may be more prone to breakage than the older M7 bayonet, the M9 has a 20% thicker blade, the tang is reduced from ({{convert|0.235|to|0.195|in|cm|abbr=on}}) in thickness, and a 75% greater cross-sectional area of steel in the blade than the M7.

==Makes==
[[Image:M9bayonet2.jpg|thumb|M9 bayonet and M10 scabbard "product improved" sheath]]

There have been five main makes of M9s: [[Phrobis III]], [[Buck Knives]], LanCay, [[Ontario Knife Company|Ontario]], and Tri-Technologies.

Starting in 1987, Phrobis subcontracted Buck for production in its initial U.S. Army contract, finishing in 1989. It was around this time that Buck sold commercial M9s as well, lasting until 1997. 

LanCay received its first contract in March 1992, taking over production from Buck, for 30,000 knives, later increased to 50,000, with General Cutlery as a subcontractor. 

In 1994, there was another contract issued for about 100,000 improved M9 models. In 1999, a contract for 25,000 knives was split between LanCay and Ontario, with each company producing 12,500 knives each. 

Ontario also participated in later contracts, and continued to produce them well past 2005. 

In 2012, Tri-Technologies was awarded a contract for 40,000 M9s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://government-contracts.insidegov.com/l/8551655/W56HZV12C0327 |title=Contract W56HZV-12-C-0327 |date=September 2012 |website=Government-contracts.insidegov.com}}{{Dead link|date=March 2022}}</ref>

=== Production numbers ===
These are production numbers for M9 bayonets produced by Buck Knives. 

The 5,000 bayonets produced for the [[United States Marine Corps]] are included under the U.S. Army numbers in this listing.{{Why|date=April 2024|reason=No reason is given as to why this can't be separated, seeing we seem to know the number of knives produced.}}

{| class="wikitable"
! Type !!Buck Part# !!Quantity
|-
| U.S. Army||0188-00-0||330,254
|-
| Australian ||0188-A1-0|| 20,050
|-
| Abu Dhabi ||0188-AD-0|| 1,500
|-
| Commercial (black) ||0188-BK-0|| 14,213
|-
| [[Diemaco]] ||0188-DM-0|| 8,681
|-
| Marine Prototype ||0188-MC-0|| 350
|-
| Commercial (green) ||0188-CB-0|| 28,238
|-
| Field Knife (Japan I) ||0188-J1-0|| 1,956
|-
| Field Knife (Japan II) ||0188-J2-0|| 504
|-
| colspan="2" | Total: ||405,746
|}

==Comparison==
The M7 bayonet, introduced in 1964, was used as a bayonet on the [[M16 rifle]], [[M4 carbine]], and as a [[fighting knife]]. 

The M9 multipurpose bayonet system is used as a bayonet on the M16 series rifle, on the M4 series carbine, as a fighting knife, as a general field and utility knife, as a [[wire cutter]] when used on the [[Scabbard|sheath]], and as a saw. 

The M7 and M9 bayonet can also be mounted onto the [[Mossberg 500|Mossberg 590A1]] shotgun.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Designation||M7!!M9
|-
|Entered Army Service: ||1964||1986
|-
|Blade length:||{{convert|6.75|in|cm|abbr=on}}||{{convert|7|in|cm|abbr=on}}
|-
|Total length:||{{convert|11.75|in|cm|abbr=on}}||{{convert|12|in|cm|abbr=on}}
|}

==Variants==

=== M11 knife ===
Also known as the '''M11 EOD''', the M11 is a version of the M9 specialized for [[Bomb disposal|explosive ordnance disposal]] (EOD). 

The M11 has some extra features, such as a hammer pommel, but uses the same blade and sheath as the M9.

The M11 is not strictly a bayonet, as it has no mounting catch or muzzle ring; rather, it is more of a revision to the Buckmaster 184/188 knife, which was the basis for the Phrobis XM-9 prototype bayonet.<ref>{{cite web |title=The M9 Bayonet |url=http://www.old-smithy.info/bayonets/HTNL%20DOCUMNETS/m9_bayonet_and_variations.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331194835/http://www.old-smithy.info/bayonets/HTNL%20DOCUMNETS/m9_bayonet_and_variations.htm |archive-date=2023-03-31 |website=Old Smithy}}</ref>

=== Xianfeng D80 ===
Chinese copy made by [[Norinco]] via Xianfeng Industries ({{Langx|zh|先锋工业}}), could be mounted on [[Norinco CQ]] and [[M16 rifle|M16]] rifles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=【刀说】第10期：游戏的M9，现实来自中国的先锋D80 - 哔哩哔哩 |url=https://www.bilibili.com/opus/412910472141858955 |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=www.bilibili.com}}</ref>

=== Smith & Wesson SW3B ===
M9 variant made by [[Smith & Wesson]] featuring a serrated blade and a textured nylon handle.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Smith & Wesson® SW3B Special Ops M-9 Bayonet Fixed Blade |url=https://store.smith-wesson.com/tactical/knives/smith-wesson-sw3b-special-ops-m-9-bayonet-fixed-blade/SW3B.html |access-date=2025-06-17 |website=Smith & Wesson |language=en}}</ref>

==Users==
The M9 is issued by the U.S. military and other countries.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The M9 bayonet was dulled by its many problems |url=https://www.sandboxx.us/news/the-m9-bayonet-was-dulled-by-its-many-problems/ |access-date=2025-05-28 |website=Sandboxx |language=en-US}}</ref>
* {{flag|Abu Dhabi}}
*{{flag|Austria}}
*{{flag|Canada}}
*
* {{flag|Chile}}
*{{flag|Georgia}}
* {{flag|Hong Kong}}
** [[Special Duties Unit]]
* {{IND}}
* {{flag|Japan}}
* {{flag|The Netherlands}}
* {{flag|New Zealand}}
* {{flag|Poland}}
* {{flag|Singapore}}
* {{flag|Taiwan}}
* {{flag|Thailand}}
* {{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
* {{flag|United States}}

==See also==
* [[M1905 bayonet|M1 bayonet]]
* [[M3 fighting knife|M3 Trench Knife]]
* [[M4 bayonet|M4 Bayonet]]
* [[M5 bayonet|M5 Bayonet]]
* [[M6 bayonet|M6 Bayonet]]
* [[M7 bayonet]]
* [[Mark 3 Knife|Mk 3 knife]]
* [[Strider SMF]]
* [[Aircrew Survival Egress Knife]]
* [[OKC-3S Bayonet]] 
* [[KA-BAR]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|M9 bayonet}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.army.mil/factfiles/equipment/individual/bayonet.html |title=Fact File on Bayonets |website=U.S.Army |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131127082729/http://www.army.mil/factfiles/equipment/individual/bayonet.html |archive-date=2013-11-27}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.buck-184.com/library/us04622707.pdf |title=U.S. Patent 4,622,707: Survival Knives with Grapple capability |date=November 18, 1986 |website=Buck-184.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050320093333/http://www.buck-184.com/library/us04622707.pdf |archive-date=2005-03-20}}
* {{cite web |url=http://nsc.natick.army.mil/media/fact/individual/USMC_Bayonet.htm |title=USMC Multipurpose Bayonet (MB) System |date=28 December 2003 |website=U.S. Army Natick Soldier Systems Center |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041104195432/http://nsc.natick.army.mil/media/fact/individual/USMC_Bayonet.htm |archive-date=2004-11-04}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.olive-drab.com/od_edged_weapons_bayonet_m9.php |title=M9 Bayonet |website=Olive-Drab.com |access-date=2010-05-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117222908/http://www.olive-drab.com/od_edged_weapons_bayonet_m9.php |archive-date=2022-01-17}}

[[Category:Bayonets of the United States]]
[[Category:Infantry weapons of the Cold War]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1980s]]