View source for M24 Chaffee

{{Short description|American light tank}}
{{Use American English|date=October 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox weapon
| name               = Light tank M24
| image              = M24 Chaffee tankfest 2023.JPG
| image_size         = 300
| caption            = A preserved M24 at Tankfest 2023
| origin             = [[United States]]
| type               = [[Light tank]]
| is_vehicle         = yes
| service            = 1944–1953 ([[United States Army|U.S. Army]])
| used_by            = United States and 28 others; see ''[[M24 Chaffee#Operators|Operators]]''
| wars               = [[World War II]]<br />[[Korean War]]<br />[[First Indochina War]]<br />[[Algerian War]]<br />[[Ifni War]]<br />[[1964 Ethiopian–Somali Border War]]<br />[[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965]]<br>[[Vietnam War]]<br />[[Laotian Civil War]]<br />[[Cambodian Civil War]]<br />[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]<br />[[Ethiopian Civil War]]<br />[[Ogaden War]]
| designer           = 
| design_date        = 
| manufacturer       = {{unbulleted list|[[Cadillac]]|[[Massey-Harris]]}}
| unit_cost          = $39,653<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-O3DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA39 | title=Armored Champion: The Top Tanks of World War II | isbn=9780811761338 | last1=Zaloga | first1=Steven | date=15 May 2015 | publisher=Stackpole Books }}</ref>
| production_date    = April 1944–August 1945
| number             = 4,731
| variants           = 
| weight             = {{convert|40500|lb|ST|abbr=on}} (18.37 tonnes)
| length             = {{convert|5.56|m|ftin|abbr=on|order=flip}} including gun<br /> {{convert|5.03|m|ftin|abbr=on|order=flip}} excluding gun
| width              = {{convert|3|m|ftin|abbr=on|order=flip}}
| height             = {{convert|2.77|m|ftin|abbr=on|order=flip}}
| crew               = 5 (commander/radio operator, gunner, loader, driver, assistant driver/bow gunner)
| armour             = {{convert|0.40|{{ndash}}|1.50|in|mm|abbr=on}}
| primary_armament   = [[75 mm Gun M2/M3/M6|75 mm gun M6]] in mount M64 <br /> 48 rounds
| secondary_armament = {{unbulleted list|[[.50 BMG]] [[M2 Browning machine gun|Browning M2HB]] machine gun |440 rounds|2 × [[.30-06 Springfield|.30-06]] [[M1919 Browning machine gun|Browning M1919A4]] machine guns|3,750 rounds}}
| engine             = Twin Cadillac Series 44T24
| engine_power       = {{convert|220|hp|kW|abbr=on}} (164 kW) at 3,400 rpm (total)
| transmission       = [[Hydramatic]] <br /> 8 speeds forward, 4 reverse
| fuel_capacity      = {{convert|110|USgal|L|abbr=on}}
| pw_ratio           = {{convert|12|hp|kW|abbr=on}} / tonne
| suspension         = [[Torsion beam suspension|Torsion bar]]
| clearance          = {{convert|0.46|m|ftin|abbr=on|order=flip}}
| vehicle_range      = {{convert|100|mi|km|abbr=on}}
| speed              = {{convert|35|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}
}}
{{US tanks}}

The '''M24 Chaffee''' (officially '''light tank M24''') was an American [[light tank]] used during the later part of [[World War II]]; it was also used in post–World War II conflicts including the [[Korean War]], and by the French in the [[Algerian War|War in Algeria]] and the [[First Indochina War]]. In British service it was given the service name ''Chaffee'' after the [[United States Army]] [[General officer|general]], [[Adna R. Chaffee Jr.]], who helped develop the use of [[tank]]s in the [[United States Armed Forces|United States armed forces]]. Although the [[M41 Walker Bulldog]] was developed as a replacement, M24s were not mostly removed from U.S. and [[NATO]] armies until the 1960s and remained in service with some [[Third World]] countries.

==Development and production history==
British combat experience in the North African campaign identified several shortcomings of the [[M3 Stuart]] light tank, especially the performance of its [[37 mm Gun M3|37 mm cannon]]. A 75&nbsp;mm gun was experimentally fitted to a [[howitzer motor carriage M8]] &ndash; an M3 tank with a larger turret &ndash; and trials indicated that a 75&nbsp;mm gun on the M5 light tank development of the M3 was possible. The M3/M5 design was dated though, and the 75&nbsp;mm gun reduced storage space.{{sfn|Chamberlain|Ellis|1969|p=101}}

The T7 light tank design, which was initially seen as a replacement, grew in weight to more than 25 short tons, taking it out of the light tank classification, and so was designated as the [[Medium Tank M7]]. The weight increase without increased power gave it unsatisfactory performance; the program was stopped in March 1943 to allow standardization on a single medium tank &ndash; the M4 medium.{{sfn|Chamberlain|Ellis|1969|p=98}}{{sfn|Chamberlain|Ellis|1969|p=101}} This prompted the Ordnance Committee to issue a specification for a new light tank, with the same powertrain as the M5A1 but armed with a 75&nbsp;mm gun.{{sfn|Berndt|1994|p=52}}

In April 1943, the [[United States Army Ordnance Corps|Ordnance Corps]], together with [[Cadillac#Monobloc|Cadillac]] (who manufactured the M5), started work on the new project, designated ''Light Tank T24''. The powerplant and transmission of the M5 were used together with some aspects of the T7.{{sfn|Chamberlain|Ellis|1969|p=101}} Efforts were made to keep the weight of the vehicle under 20 tons. The [[vehicle armour|armor]] was extremely light and was [[sloped armour|sloped to maximize effectiveness]]. The turret armor was 25&nbsp;mm thick with a 38&nbsp;mm thick [[gun mantlet]]. The [[glacis plate]] was 25&nbsp;mm thick. Side hull armor thickness varied: the frontal section was 25&nbsp;mm thick but the rear third of the armor (which covered the engine compartment) was only 19&nbsp;mm.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/US/M24_Chaffee.php|title=M24 Chaffee (1944)|date=2016-06-16|website=Tank Encyclopedia|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-19}}</ref>

A new lightweight 75&nbsp;mm gun was developed, a derivative of the gun used in the [[B-25 Mitchell#Variants|B-25H Mitchell bomber]]. The gun had the same ballistics as the [[75 mm US tank gun#M3|75 mm M3]] in use by American tanks but used a thinly walled barrel and different recoil mechanism. The design featured {{convert|16|in|cm|abbr=on}} tracks and [[torsion bar]] suspension, similar to the slightly earlier [[M18 Hellcat]] [[tank destroyer]], which itself started in production in July 1943. The torsion bar system was to give a smoother ride than the vertical volute suspension used on most US armored vehicles. At the same time, the chassis was expected to be a standard used for other vehicles, such as self-propelled guns, and specialist vehicles; known together as the "light combat team".{{sfn|Chamberlain|Ellis|1969|p=101}} It had a relatively low silhouette and a three-man turret.{{citation needed|date=April 2019}}

On 15 October 1943, the first pilot vehicle was delivered. The design was judged a success and a contract for 1,000 was immediately raised by the Ordnance Department. This was subsequently increased to 5,000.{{sfn|Chamberlain|Ellis|1969|p=101}} Production began in 1944 under the designation ''Light Tank M24''. It was produced at two sites; from April at Cadillac and from July at [[Massey-Harris]]. By the time production was stopped in August 1945, 4,731 M24s had been produced.<ref name=Green76/>

==Service history==
[[File:M24 May 1945.jpg|thumb|left|US Army M24 Chaffee moving on the outskirts of Salzburg in May 1945]]
The M24 ''Chaffee'' was intended to replace the ageing and obsolete [[M5 Stuart|Light Tank M5 (''Stuart'')]], which was used in supplementary roles.

===World War II===
'''European theater'''

The first 34 M24s reached Europe in November 1944 and were issued to the [[2nd Cavalry Regiment (United States)|2nd Cavalry Group (Mechanized)]] in France. These were then issued to Troop F, 2nd Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron<ref>{{cite thesis |url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc68023/m1/153/  |type=MA|last=Nance |first=William Stuart.|title=Patton's Iron Cavalry - The Impact of the Mechanized Cavalry on the U.S. Third Army|location=Denton, Texas|publisher=University of North Texas|date=May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc68023/|title=Patton's Iron Cavalry - The Impact of the Mechanized Cavalry on the U.S. Third Army|first=William Stuart|last=Nance|date=9 May 2011|website=UNT Digital Library}}</ref> and Troop F, 42nd Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron,<ref>{{cite thesis |type=MA|url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc68023/m1/153/ |title=Patton's Iron Cavalry - The Impact of the Mechanized Cavalry on the U.S. Third Army |page=147 |publisher=University of North Texas|date=May 2011|access-date=2013-08-18}}</ref> which each received seventeen M24s. During the [[Battle of the Bulge]] in December 1944, these units and their new tanks were rushed to the southern sector; two of the M24s were detached to serve with the 740th Tank Battalion of the [[First United States Army|U.S. First Army]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Bergstrom|first=Chris|date=2014|title=The Ardennes, 1944–1945|publisher=Casemate/Vaktel Forlag|isbn=978-1612003153|page=368}}</ref>

The M24 started to enter widespread use in December 1944, but they were slow in reaching the front-line combat units. By the end of the war, the light tank companies of many armored divisions were still mainly equipped with the M3/M5 Stuart. Some armored divisions did not receive their first M24s until the war was over.{{sfn|Zaloga|2003|p= 10}} Aside from the US Army, the British Army was another main user of the Chaffee during the war, with at least several hundred obtained through the US Lend-Lease program. These saw action mainly in northwestern Europe and the North German Plain where British forces saw action against German troops.

Reports from the American armored divisions that received them, prior to the end of hostilities, were generally positive. Crews liked the improved off-road performance and reliability, but were most appreciative of the 75&nbsp;mm main gun, which was a vast improvement over the 37&nbsp;mm. The M24 was inferior in armor to German tanks, but the bigger gun at least gave its crews a much better chance to fight back when it was required, especially in infantry support. The M24's light armor made it vulnerable to virtually all German tanks, anti-tank guns, and hand-held anti-tank weapons. The contribution of the M24 to winning the war in Europe was minor, as too few arrived too late to replace the M5s of the armored divisions.<ref name=Green76/> At the end of WWII, the US Army displayed its Chaffees alongside the British [[Comet tank]]s and the Soviet [[IS-3]] heavy tank, in the [[Berlin Victory Parade of 1945|Berlin Victory Parade]] in 1945.

'''Pacific theater'''
{{quote box|quote= The (Light Tank) company, equipped with M24 Light Tanks, is an essential element in any tank battalion. In fire power it is equal to the present Medium Tank Company and can perform missions now assigned to them when defiladed from anti-tank and heavy artillery fire. It can furnish strong fire support either direct or indirect. In a more open type of terrain and enemy situation, such as may be expected on the larger land masses, this company, due to its great mobility combined with strong fire power, will provide excellent reconnaissance, protection of flanks, covering force, as well as direct assault or support by fire. This company is the principal element of the battalion which gives it its flexibility to meet rapidly changing situations.|source= [http://cgsc.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p4013coll8/id/3791/rec/6 711th Tank Battalion notes], [[Battle of Okinawa]], Page 26 of 41|width=30%|align=right|style=padding:8px;}}

{{expand section|date=January 2022}}

===Korean War===
[[File:Chaffees at Masan.jpg|thumb|left|M24 Chaffee light tanks of the US Army's [[25th Infantry Division (United States)|25th Infantry Division]] wait for an assault of North Korean [[T-34-85]] tanks at [[Masan]]]]
The M24 was virtually the only tank that the U.S. Far East Command could immediately dispatch to the Korean Peninsula at the time of the Korean War. During the same period, there were a total of four tank battalions (71st, 77th, 78th, and 79th) under the Far East Command, and each battalion maintained one company composed of M24s for the purpose of defending Japan's narrow road network and bridges. The first battle took place on 10 July 1950, when A Company of the 78th Tank Battalion, assigned to the 24th Infantry Division, fought a North Korean tank and destroyed it while losing two.<ref name="Korean War : Weapons of the United Nations">{{Cite book |last=Bak |first=Dongchan |url=http://medcmd.mil.kr/user/imhc/upload/pblictn/PBLICTNEBOOK_202105270240172800.pdf |title=Korean War : Weapons of the United Nations |publisher=Ministry of Defense Institute for Military History |date=March 2021 |isbn=979-11-5598-079-8 |location=Republic of Korea |pages=122–125 |language=Korean}}</ref>

The M24's 75&nbsp;mm main gun lacked penetration power against the frontal armor of the T-34-85. In addition, the armor of the M24 could be penetrated by the main guns of enemy tanks, artillery, and even anti-tank rifles used by the North Korean military. Moreover, most of the tanks dispatched from Japan had not been repaired for a long time, so turrets and main guns frequently broke down during battles. A Company of the 78th Tank Battalion, who first arrived on the Korean Peninsula, suffered heavy damage, with only two of the 14 tanks remaining in about a month. This unfavorable situation was resolved in August of the same year when U.S. medium tanks were finally deployed on the Korean Peninsula. All of the tanks units that operated the M24s were replaced with the M4A3E8. Afterward, the M24 was given to the reconnaissance squadron under the tank battalion or the infantry division for most of the period and was used for scouting purposes as it should have been.<ref name="Korean War : Weapons of the United Nations"/>

===Non-US service===
[[File:French M24 Chaffee Vietnam.jpg|thumb|right|French M24 tanks in [[French Indochina|Indochina]], during the [[Battle of Dien Bien Phu]]]]
[[File:Oefening Grand Repulse West Duitsland, Bestanddeelnr 905-9846.jpg|thumb|right|Dutch M24 light tank in [[West Germany]], 1953.]]

Like other successful World War II designs, the M24 was supplied to many armies around the globe and was used in local conflicts long after it had been replaced in the US Army by the [[M41 Walker Bulldog]].

France employed its M24s in [[Indochina|Indo-China]] in infantry support missions, with good results. They employed ten M24s in the [[Battle of Dien Bien Phu]]. In December 1953, ten disassembled Chaffees were transported by air to provide fire support to the garrison. They fired about 15,000 shells in the long siege that followed before the [[Viet Minh]] forces finally overcame the camp in May 1954, almost all being entirely worn out and badly damaged by the time the battle was over.{{sfn|Zaloga|2003|p= 22}} France also deployed the M24 in [[French Algeria|Algeria]], with some variants which fought there carrying an AMX-13 turret modified by France. Some former French and US Chaffees are known to have been passed down to the Army of South Vietnam, where they saw service at least until the [[Battle of Huế]], with several serving as fixed gun emplacements outside vital military installations such as airbases.

In February 1964, the Ethiopian Army also deployed M24 Chaffees alongside [[M75 armored personnel carrier|M75 APCs]] in the [[1964 Ethiopian-Somali Border War]] to battle at [[Tog Wajaale]], with eight Ethiopian "tanks" reportedly lost in combat.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 February 1964 |title=ETHIOPIANS LOSE TANKS IN CLASH WITH SOMALIS |pages=7 |work=[[Manchester Evening News]]}}</ref>
 
The last time the M24 is known to have been in action was in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]], where 66 [[Pakistan]]i Chaffees stationed in [[East Pakistan]] (today's [[Bangladesh]]) were lost to [[Indian Army]] [[T-55]]s, [[PT-76]]s, and anti-tank teams, being easy prey for the better-equipped invading Indian forces. Notably, a large-scale attack by Pakistani M24s was defeated by dug-in Indian PT-76s in the crucial [[Battle of Garibpur]] just prior to the official onset of the war. However, on Dec. 9, 1971 two platoons of M24s ambushed six Indian PT-76s of A Squadron/45th Cavalry Regiment advancing on [[Kushtia]], knocking out five and delaying capture of the town for two days.<REF>Amin, Agha H. "Tank Ambush at Kushtia" https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319650130_Tank_Ambush_at_Kushtia</REF>

Although both [[Iran]] and [[Iraq]] had M24s prior to the [[Iran–Iraq War]], there is no report of their use in that conflict. South Korean Chaffees saw limited service during the Korean War, often performing hit-and-run raids on communist forces.{{sfn|Zaloga|2003|p= 35}} Cambodia, Laos, Japan and Taiwan were four other Asian nations to have operated Chaffees aside from South Vietnam, South Korea and Pakistan.

The [[Hellenic Army|Greek Army]] received 85 M24s from the U.S. from 1950 until 1970. The M24s initially were organized in two Tank Regiments numbered 392 and 393. In later years the Tank Regiments were reorganized in Tank Battalions with the same numbers. From 1962 till the early seventies the M24s in Tank Battalions were replaced with [[M47 Patton|M47]]s and the M24s were used to equip Independent Reconnaissance Companies with an additional 121 M24s received from Italy in 1975. From 1991 till 1995 61 M24s were scrapped due to [[Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe|CFE Treaty]] limitations.<ref>Hellenic Army General Staff / Training Directorate (Γενικό Επιτελείο Στρατού / Διεύθυνση Εκπαιδεύσεως), History of Cavalry and Tank Corps (Ιστορία Ιππικού Τεθωρακισμένων), Athens (Αθήνα), 1995</ref> The rest are abandoned in or outside military camps <ref>{{YouTube | id=O_dqakQ1DM8 | title=M24 Tank Wrecks on Rhodes, Greece}}</ref> and one M24 is preserved in the Greek Army Tank Museum.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://army.gr/structure/eng/istoria/mouseia/mouseio_armatwn/index.html | title=Tank Museum | publisher=Hellenic Army (Greece) | access-date=2017-04-15 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905030239/http://www.army.gr/structure/eng/istoria/mouseia/mouseio_armatwn/index.html | archive-date=2017-09-05}}</ref> One is on display outside the village of Metsovo (Μέτσοβο).

==Variants and related vehicles==

;Light tank T24
: Original prototype. Tested at [[Aberdeen Proving Ground]]s in January 1944. Was eventually standardized as light tank M24.<ref name=Green76/>
;Light tank T24E1
:Prototype with [[Wright R-975|Continental R-975]]-C4 engine and [[Dana Holding Corporation|Spicer]] torque converter transmission. One vehicle was converted from the original T24 prototype and tested in October 1944. The vehicle had superior performance compared to the M24 but suffered from transmission reliability problems.<ref name=Green76/>
;[[M19 multiple gun motor carriage]]
:Developed from the T65 40 mm GMC (anti-aircraft gun on extended M5 chassis). Lengthened M24 hull with engine moved to center, twin [[Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/60|40 mm Bofors]] anti-aircraft guns mounted at hull rear (336 rounds). 904 were ordered in August 1944, but only 285 were completed by the end of the war.{{sfn|Chamberlain|Ellis|1969|p=104}}
;[[M37 105 mm howitzer motor carriage]]
:Developed in 1945. Carried a [[M101 howitzer|105&nbsp;mm howitzer M4]] (126 rounds). Was intended to replace the [[M7 Priest|105 mm howitzer motor carriage M7]]. 448 ordered, 316 delivered. Saw service in the Korean War.{{sfn|Zaloga|2003|pp= 38-43}}
;[[M41 howitzer motor carriage]] (''Gorilla'')
:Engine moved to the center of hull, [[M114 155 mm howitzer|155&nbsp;mm howitzer M1]] mounted at rear. 250 ordered, 85 produced. Saw service in the Korean War, with some exported to France{{sfn|Zaloga|2003|pp= 38-43}}
;T77 multiple gun motor carriage
:Had six .50 (12.7 mm) caliber [[machine gun]]s mounted in a new designed turret.{{sfn|Zaloga|2003|pp= 38-43}}
;T42, T43 cargo tractors
:Based on the T33, the T42 had a torque converter transmission from the [[M18 Hellcat]]. The M43 was a lightened version of the T42.{{sfn|Zaloga|2003|pp= 38-43}}
;T9
:Had bulldozer kit installed.{{sfn|Zaloga|2003|p= 38}}
Additionally, the [[M38 Wolfhound]] prototype [[Armored car (military)|armored car]] was experimentally fitted with an M24 turret.{{sfn|Zaloga|2003|pp= 38-43}}

<gallery mode=packed>
File:M19 GMC.JPG|M19 twin 40 mm gun motor carriage
File:M37 SPH.jpg|[[Spanish Army]] M37 105 mm self-propelled howitzer
File:155mm Howitzer Motor Carriage M41 1.JPG|[[M41 howitzer motor carriage|M41 Gorilla]] in the [[United States Army Ordnance Museum|US Army Ordnance Museum]]
File:Multiple .50 caliber Gun Motor Carriage T77.JPG|[[T77 multiple .50 caliber gun motor carriage]]
File:NM-116.jpg|[[Norwegian Army]] NM-116 in the [[Armed Forces Museum (Norway)|Armed Forces Museum]]
File:R.O.C Marine Corps M24 Chaffee front view.jpg|M24 Chaffee in the Museum of [[Republic of China Marine Corps]]
File:R.O.C Marine Corps M24 Chaffee rear view.jpg|M24 Chaffee rear view
</gallery>

==Foreign variants==

===NM-116===
In 1972, the [[Norwegian Army]] decided to retain 54 of their 123 M24 light tanks as reconnaissance vehicles after they were substantially rebuilt under the designation '''NM-116'''. It was calculated that the NM-116 rebuilding program cost only about a third as much as contemporary light tanks.{{sfn|Zaloga|2003|pp= 36-37}}

This program was managed by the firm [[Thune (company)|Thune-Eureka]]. The American firm NAPCO developed an improved power pack based around the 6V53T diesel engine used in the [[M113 armored personnel carrier]] mated to an Allison MT-653 transmission. The original [[75 mm US tank gun#M6|75&nbsp;mm Gun M6 L/39]] was replaced with a French D-925 90&nbsp;mm low pressure gun as proposed by the M24 Revalorisé marketed in 1971, with a co-axial [[.50 BMG|0.50-inch (12.7 mm)]] [[M2 Browning#AN/M3, GAU-21/A, and M3P|AN/M3 heavy machine gun]]. The bow gunner position was eliminated in favor of ammunition stowage. A new [[fire-control system]] was installed, complete with a [[Simrad Optronics|Simrad]] LV3 laser rangefinder. Norwegian firms also converted eight M24 light tanks into light [[Armoured recovery vehicle|armored recovery vehicles]] to support the NM-116. The NM-116 were retired from service in 1993.{{sfn|Zaloga|2003|pp= 36-37}}

A few unconverted M24s were transferred to the [[Norwegian Home Guard]] and used in the defense of the former [[Fornebu Airport]] from 1974 well into the 1980s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hv02.no/utresk/history/|title=UTR-Eskadronen 02102|accessdate=2024-04-08|language=Norwegian}}</ref>

===Other variants===
The [[Chilean Army]] up-gunned their M24s in the mid-1980s to the IMI-OTO [[60mm HVMS|60&nbsp;mm hyper velocity medium support (HVMS)]] gun, with roughly comparable performance to a standard 90&nbsp;mm gun. Chile operated this version until 1999.{{sfn|Zaloga|2003|pp= 36-37}} Uruguay continues to use the M24,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.saorbats.com.ar/ORBAT+-+Uruguay+-+ENU.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070126005652/http://www.saorbats.com.ar/ORBAT%20-%20Uruguay%20-%20ENU.htm|url-status=dead|title=saorbats.com.ar|archivedate=26 January 2007|website=www.saorbats.com.ar}}</ref> modernized with new engines and 76&nbsp;mm guns which can fire [[Kinetic energy penetrator|armor-piercing, fin stabilized, discarding sabot]] (APFSDS) rounds.<ref>[http://www.defesanet.com.br/noticia/blindadosuruguay/ "Las Fuerzas Blindadas del Ejército Uruguayo"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070829020854/http://www.defesanet.com.br/noticia/blindadosuruguay/ |date=29 August 2007 }}, DEFESA@NET, 22 November 2003.</ref> In the mid-1950s, in an attempt to improve the anti-tank performance of the vehicle, some French M24s had their turrets replaced with those of the [[AMX-13]] light tank. AMX-13 variants with Chaffee turrets also existed.{{sfn|Zaloga|2003|pp= 36-37}} In the late-1960s, the [[Japan Self-Defense Forces|JSDF]] modified a single M24 with four [[Type 64 MAT|Type 64]] ATGMs in order to improve its anti-tank capabilities.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-12-23 |title=Japanese test Tank - M24 ATM |url=https://old-forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/393371-japanese-test-tank-m24-atm/ |access-date=2023-09-21 |website=War Thunder - Official Forum |language=en-GB}}</ref>

==Operators==
[[File:M24 Chaffee operators map.PNG|thumb|Operators of the M24]]
[[File:Birsreshto Shaheed Jahangir Gate.jpg|thumb|An ex-[[Bangladesh Army]] M24 Chaffee on display at Birsreshto Shaheed Jahangir Gate of [[Dhaka Cantonment]].]]

''Former operators'':
*{{flag|Bangladesh}} – 10 second-hand M24 Chaffees captured from the [[Pakistan Army]] during the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]].<ref name="SIPRI2016">{{cite web|url=http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php|title=Trade-Register-1971-2016.rft|website=Stockholm International Peace Research Institute|access-date=20 April 2019|archive-date=13 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513073842/http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*{{flag|Belgium}} – 224 were bought through NATO.{{sfn|Zaloga|2003|p= 22}}
*{{flag|Cambodia}} – 36 were purchased.{{sfn|Zaloga|2003|p= 22}}
*{{flag|Canada}} – 32 purchased by the Canadian government in 1947 along with 294 [[M4 Sherman variants|M4A2E8 (76&nbsp;mm) Shermans]].{{sfn|Zaloga|2003|p= 22}}
*{{flag|Chile}} - 21 received in 1960s from USA.
*{{flag|Denmark}} – 63 were bought through NATO.{{sfn|Zaloga|2003|p= 22}}
*{{flag|Ethiopia}} – 34 were purchased.{{sfn|Zaloga|2003|p= 22}}
*{{flag|France}} – 1254 vehicles were purchased through NATO.{{sfn|Zaloga|2003|p= 22}}
*{{flag|Greece}} – 170 were bought through NATO.{{sfn|Zaloga|2003|p= 22}}
*{{flag|Iran}} – 180 were purchased.{{sfn|Zaloga|2003|p= 22}}
*{{flag|Iraq}} – 78 were purchased.<ref name="Life">"Rulers of Iraq and Saudi Arabia bury an old feud with big party in Baghdad." ''LIFE'' magazine: 27 May 1957.</ref>{{sfn|Zaloga|2003|p= 22}}
*{{flag|Italy}} – 518 were bought through NATO.{{sfn|Zaloga|2003|p= 22}}
*{{JPN}} – entered service in 1952; last ones taken out of service by 1974.{{sfn|Zaloga|2003|p= 22}}
*{{flag|Laos}} – Four were purchased.{{sfn|Zaloga|2003|p= 22}}
*{{NLD}} – about 50 in use until 1962.<ref>[https://www.nmm.nl/zoeken-in-de-collectie/detail/502061/ "M24 Chaffee"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401075502/https://www.nmm.nl/zoeken-in-de-collectie/detail/502061/ |date=2018-04-01 }}, NMM.info, 31 Mar 2018.</ref><ref>[http://www.rhpa.nl/index.php/tanks/chaffee "Chaffee"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200117153849/http://www.rhpa.nl/index.php/tanks/chaffee |date=2020-01-17 }}, RHPA.nl, 31 Mar 2018.</ref> Replaced by the [[AMX-13]].<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=9 June 1962|title= Nieuwe silhouetten op militaire oefenterreinen |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMRHCE02:163642034:mpeg21:p00006 |work= Nieuwe Eindhovense krant | language=Dutch}}</ref>
*{{NOR}} – 123 entered service in the 1950s, last Chaffees were taken out of service in 1993.{{sfn|Zaloga|2003|p= 22}}
*{{PAK}} – 132 were purchased.<ref>[http://www.acig.info/CMS/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=160 "India - Pakistan War, 1971; Introduction"], ACIG.info, 10 Feb 2008.</ref>{{sfn|Zaloga|2003|p= 22}}
*{{flag|Philippines|1936}} – Seven Chaffees assigned to the Recon Company of the 10th BCT, [[Philippine Expeditionary Forces to Korea|PEFTOK]] during the [[Korean War]]. Two known were on static display in [[Lingayen, Pangasinan]].{{sfn|Zaloga|2003|p= 22}}
*{{flag|Portugal}} – 16 were bought through NATO.{{sfn|Zaloga|2003|p= 22}}
*{{ROK}} – 22 M24s were used for training by the 55th Tank Company of the [[Republic of Korea Army|Army]] in late 1952 for a temporary time.<ref name="Korean War : Weapons of the United Nations"/> Later delivered to Taiwan.
*{{flag|Saudi Arabia}} – 52 were purchased.{{sfn|Zaloga|2003|p= 22}}
*{{flag|South Vietnam}} (1954-1975) 137 were purchased.{{sfn|Zaloga|2003|p= 22}}
*{{flag|Vietnam}} – After conquest of Republic of South Vietnam in 1975
*{{flag|Spain}} – 31 were purchased through NATO. Used during [[Ifni War]].{{sfn|Zaloga|2003|p= 22}}
*{{flag|Thailand}} – 20 were purchased.{{sfn|Zaloga|2003|p= 22}}
*{{flag|Taiwan}}
*{{TUR}} – 238 were bought through NATO.{{sfn|Zaloga|2003|p= 22}}
*{{UK}} – 302 were purchased.<ref name=Green76/>
*{{USA}}<ref name=Green76>{{harvnb|Green | Green |2000| pp= 76–77}}</ref>
*{{URY}} – 17 upgraded, retired from the Armoured Infantry in 2018 and replaced by 25 M41C, donated from Brazil.
*{{flag|USSR}} – Received two M24s through Lend-Lease.{{sfn|Zaloga|2003|p= 22}}

==See also==
* [[List of "M" series military vehicles]]
* [[G-numbers]]

==References==
===Notes===
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
*{{cite book |last=Berndt |first=Thomas |date=1994 |title=American Tanks of World War II  |location=Minneapolis, MN |publisher=[[Quarto Group|MBI Publishing Company]]|isbn=0-87938-930-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MK-prhL0o-cC&pg=PA52}}
*{{citation|title=American and British Tanks of World War II|last1=Chamberlain|first1=Peter |last2=Ellis|first2=Chris|publisher=Arco Publishing|date=1969}}
*{{cite book |last1=Green |first1=Michael|last2=Green|first2=Gladys |date=2000 |title=Weapons of Patton's Armies |url=https://www.google.com.au/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=ISBN1610607740&gws_rd=cr&ei=kH-qVMvpK6HUmAWNhYDYDQ |location=Minneapolis, MN |publisher=MBI Publishing Company |isbn=0-7603-0821-7}}
*{{cite book|title=A History of the American Light Tank|last=Hunnicutt|first=R. P |year=1992| location=Novato, California| publisher=Presidio Press|isbn=0-89141-462-2}}
*{{cite book|title=M24 Chaffee Light Tank 1943–85|author-link=Steven J. Zaloga|last= Zaloga|first=Steven J|year=2003|location=Botley, England|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=1-84176-540-6}}
*Icks, Robert ''Light Tanks M22 Locust and M24 Chaffee'' AFV Profile No. 46 Profile Publishing

==Further reading==
*Schulimson, Jack, LtCol. Leonard Blasiol, Charles R. Smith, and Capt. David A. Dawson. ''U.S. Marines in Vietnam: 1968, the Defining Year''. Washington, D.C.: History and Museums Division, United States Marine Corps, 1997. {{ISBN|0-16-049125-8}}

==External links==
{{commons category|M24 Chaffee}}
*[http://afvdb.50megs.com/usa/m24chaffee.html Light Tank M24 Chaffee] at AFV Database
*[http://afvdb.50megs.com/usa/40mmgmcm19.html Twin 40mm Gun Motor Carriage M19]
*[http://www.wwiivehicles.com/usa/tanks-light/m24.asp World War II Vehicles]
*[http://www.primeportal.net/tanks/m24_chaffee.htm M24 Chaffee Photos and Walk Arounds on Prime Portal]
*[http://www.primeportal.net/tanks/erik_torp/nm_116/ NM-116] – 31-photo walk around of a Norwegian NM-116 at Primeportal.net
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EKpouvgRBjM M24 Recognition Features]

{{WWIIAmericanAFVs}}
{{WWIIBritishAFVs}}
{{WWII tanks|style=wide}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chaffee, M24}}
[[Category:Cold War tanks of the United States]]
[[Category:Light tanks of the United States]]
[[Category:World War II tanks of the United States]]
[[Category:World War II light tanks]]
[[Category:Light tanks of the Cold War]]
[[Category:Military vehicles introduced from 1940 to 1944]]
[[Category:Tanks named after individuals]]