View source for Lund

{{Short description|City in Scania, Sweden}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name                   = Lund
| image_skyline                   = {{Photomontage |border=0 |size=275 |spacing=2 |color= none |photo1a=Lunds domkyrka1.jpeg |photo2a= Lunds universitetsbibliotek.jpg |photo2b=Universitetshuset i lund.jpg}}
| image_caption                   = Clockwise from top: [[Lund Cathedral]] and [[Lundagård (park)|Lundagård]]; [[Lund University Main Building]]; Lund University library.
| image_shield                    = Lund vapen.svg
| motto                           = Idéernas stad (Eng: The city of ideas)
| pushpin_map                     = Sweden Scania#Sweden#European Union
| pushpin_label_position          = 
| coordinates                     = {{coord|55|42|14|N|13|11|42|E|region:SE|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type                = Country
| subdivision_name                = {{flag|Sweden}}
| subdivision_type1               = [[Provinces of Sweden|Province]]
| subdivision_name1               = [[Scania]]
| subdivision_type2               = [[Counties of Sweden|County]]
| subdivision_name2               = [[Scania County]]
| subdivision_type3               = [[Municipalities of Sweden|Municipality]]
| subdivision_name3               = [[Lund Municipality]]
| area_footnotes                  = <ref name="scb">{{cite web |url=https://www.scb.se/en/finding-statistics/statistics-by-subject-area/environment/land-use/localities-and-urban-areas/pong/tables-and-graphs/localities-2020-population-and-land-area-by-locality-and-municipality/ |title=Localities 2020; population and land area by locality and municipality |website=scb.se |publisher=Statistics Sweden |access-date=19 December 2021 |date=24 November 2021 |archive-date=19 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219222130/https://www.scb.se/en/finding-statistics/statistics-by-subject-area/environment/land-use/localities-and-urban-areas/pong/tables-and-graphs/localities-2020-population-and-land-area-by-locality-and-municipality/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| area_total_km2                  = 26.37
| population_footnotes            = <ref name="scb" />
| population_total                = 94,393 <!-- This is the official figure from Statistics Sweden (Statistiska centralbyrån). -->
| population_as_of                = 2020
| population_density_km2          = 3580
| population_demonym              = Lundensare, Lundabo
| timezone                        = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset                      = +1
| timezone_DST                    = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST                  = +2
| website                         = {{URL|https://lund.se/en/}}
| name                            = 
}}

'''Lund''' ({{IPAc-en|l|ʊ|n|d}}, {{IPAc-en|USalso|l|ʌ|n|d}} {{respell|LU(U)ND}};<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Lund|access-date= April 13, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.collinsdictionary.com/amp/english/lund|title= Lund|work= [[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher= [[HarperCollins]]|access-date= April 13, 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190413133835/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/amp/english/lund|archive-date= April 13, 2019|url-status= live}}</ref><ref name=":0">[https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/Lund "Lund"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413133838/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/Lund |date=2019-04-13 }} (US) and {{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Lund |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803154215/https://www.lexico.com/definition/lund |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-08-03 |title=Lund |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Lund|access-date= April 13, 2019}}</ref> {{IPA|sv|ˈlɵnːd|lang|Sv-Lund.ogg}}) is a city in the [[provinces of Sweden|province]] of [[Scania]], southern [[Sweden]]. The town had 94,393 inhabitants<ref name="pop">{{cite web |title=Folkmängd per tätort efter region och vart 5:e år |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/sweden/admin/skåne/1281__lund/ |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=City Population |publisher=[[citypopulation.de]] |language=en}}</ref> out of a municipal total of 130,288 {{as of|2023|lc=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.scb.se/hitta-statistik/statistik-efter-amne/befolkning/befolkningens-sammansattning/befolkningsstatistik/pong/tabell-och-diagram/kvartals--och-halvarsstatistik--kommun-lan-och-riket/kvartal-2-2018/|title= Folkmängd i riket, län och kommuner 30 juni 2018 och befolkningsförändringar 1 april–30 juni 2018. Totalt|website= Statistiska Centralbyrån|access-date= 2019-01-18|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190314122140/https://www.scb.se/hitta-statistik/statistik-efter-amne/befolkning/befolkningens-sammansattning/befolkningsstatistik/pong/tabell-och-diagram/kvartals--och-halvarsstatistik--kommun-lan-och-riket/kvartal-2-2018/|archive-date= 2019-03-14|url-status= live}}</ref> It is the seat of [[Lund Municipality]], [[Scania County]]. The [[Öresund Region]], which includes ''Lund'', is home to more than 4.2 million people.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsoresund.se/greater-copenhagen-regionen-har-passerat-4-miljoner-invanare/|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210403220213/https://www.newsoresund.se/greater-copenhagen-regionen-har-passerat-4-miljoner-invanare/|archive-date = 2021-04-03|title = Öresundsregionen har passerat 4 miljoner invånare}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oresundsinstituttet.org/fakta-oresundsregionen-har-41-miljoner-invanare/|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210403220214/https://www.oresundsinstituttet.org/fakta-oresundsregionen-har-41-miljoner-invanare/|archive-date = 2021-04-03|title = FAKTA: Öresundsregionen har 4,1 miljoner invånare|date = 22 February 2021}}</ref>

Archeologists date the founding of Lund to around 990, when Scania was part of [[Denmark]]. From 1103 it was the seat of the Catholic Metropolitan [[Archdiocese of Lund]], and the towering [[Lund Cathedral]], built {{circa|1090}}–1145, still stands at the centre of the town. Denmark ceded the city to Sweden in the [[Treaty of Roskilde]] in 1658.

[[Lund University]], established in 1666, is one of [[Scandinavia]]'s oldest and largest institutions for education and research.<ref name="solander">[http://www.solander.lu.se/LU.html Lund University] {{webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161114160755/http://www.solander.lu.se/LU.html |date= 2016-11-14 }}, ''The Solander Program'' Website</ref><ref name="oeacademy">[http://www.oeacademy.org/content/blogcategory/4/11/lang,en/ Universities in the Øresund Region] {{webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080421120818/http://www.oeacademy.org/content/blogcategory/4/11/lang,en/ |date= 2008-04-21 }}, ''Øresund Entrepreneurship Academy'' Website</ref><ref name="LU">{{cite web|url= http://www.lu.se/o.o.i.s/452|title= Start - Lunds universitet|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061207070743/http://www.lu.se/o.o.i.s/452|archive-date= 2006-12-07}}</ref>  The university and its buildings dominate much of the centre of the city, and have led to Lund becoming a regional centre for high-tech industry.

== History ==
[[File:1594 map of Lund.jpg|thumb|left|200px|An [[engraving]] of Lund in or around 1594.  By Frans Hogenbergs in the pictorial work ''Civitates orbis terrarum'' (the cities of the world).]]
Along with [[Sigtuna]], Lund is the oldest city in present-day Sweden. Lund's origins are unclear. Until the 1980s, the city was thought to have been founded around 1020 by either [[Sweyn I Forkbeard]] or his son [[Canute the Great]] of Denmark.<ref>{{cite journal |last = Cohen |first = Sidney |author-link = Sidney Cohen |title = The Earliest Scandinavian Towns |journal = The Medieval City |pages = 313–325 |publisher = Yale University Press |location = New Haven, CT |year = 1977 }}</ref> The area was then part of the kingdom of Denmark. However, recent [[Archaeology|archaeological]] discoveries suggest that the first settlement dated to {{circa|990}}, possibly the relocation of settlers at [[Uppåkra]]. The Uppåkra settlement dates back to the first century [[Before Christ|B.C.]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uppakra.se/|title=Uppåkra - en forntida centralort|access-date=23 May 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819092425/http://www.uppakra.se/|archive-date=19 August 2010}}</ref> and its remains are at the present site of the village of Uppåkra. King Sweyn I Forkbeard moved Lund to its present location, a distance of some {{convert|5|km|spell=in|abbr=off}}. The new location of Lund, on a hill and across a [[ford (crossing)|ford]], gave the new site considerable defensive advantages in comparison with Uppåkra, situated on the highest point of a large plain.

The organisation of the Danish church begun under the rule of [[Canute the Great]].  Lund became the [[episcopal see|see]] of one of seven dioceses in 1048.<ref>{{Cite CE1913|wstitle=Lund}}</ref> In 1104 it became an archbishopric.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fletcher |first1=Richard |title=The conversion of Europe |date=1997 |publisher=Fontana |location=London |isbn=9780006863021 |page=409}}</ref> Lund's [[ecclesiastical province]] comprised Scandinavia and even [[Gardar (see)|Garðar]] on Greenland. The diocese of nearby Dalby was absorbed in 1066. Lund Cathedral was similarly founded in or shortly after 1103. In 1152, the [[Norway|Norwegian]] [[archdiocese of Nidaros]] was founded as a separate province of the church, independent of Lund. In 1164 Sweden also acquired an archbishop of its own, although he was nominally subordinate to the archbishop of Lund. It is still, as the [[diocese of Lund]], a diocese in the [[Church of Sweden]].

[[File:Hjortgatan, Lund.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Hjortgatan, a street in the Kulturkvadraten neighborhood of Lund]]
[[Lund Cathedral School]] ''(Katedralskolan)'' was founded in 1085 by the Danish king [[Canute the Saint of Denmark|Canute the Saint]]. This is the oldest school in Scandinavia and one of the oldest in Northern Europe. Many prominent people were educated there, among them the actor [[Max von Sydow]] and several high-ranking politicians.

Lund was ceded to Sweden in 1658 as part of the terms of the [[Treaty of Roskilde]]. It was, however, recaptured by Denmark in 1676 during the early phases of the [[Scanian War]]. The exceptionally bloody [[Battle of Lund]] was fought just north of the city in 1676, and ended in a decisive Swedish victory; Swedish control of Scania was again confirmed in the [[Peace of Lund]] later that year.<ref name="Frost">{{cite book |last1=Frost |first1=Robert I. |title=The northern wars : war, state, and society in northeastern Europe, 1558 - 1721 |date=2000 |publisher=Longman |location=Harlow [u.a.] |isbn=978-0-582-06429-4 |pages=208–216 |edition=[Nachdr.]}}</ref> Sweden's control over Scania, and hence Lund, was again confirmed by another treaty in 1720.<ref name="auto">[http://sok.riksarkivet.se/?Sokord=originaltraktater&EndastDigitaliserat=false&AvanceradSok=True&page=1&tab=post&postid=Arkis+6e5a8819-3dad-4cea-b732-2d6dbbce7882&s=TARKIS08_Balder 3 juli 1720 - Riksarkivet - Sök i arkiven] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128132912/http://sok.riksarkivet.se/?Sokord=originaltraktater&EndastDigitaliserat=false&AvanceradSok=True&page=1&tab=post&postid=Arkis+6e5a8819-3dad-4cea-b732-2d6dbbce7882&s=TARKIS08_Balder |date=2015-01-28 }}. Sok.riksarkivet.se. Retrieved on 2015-06-24.</ref><ref name="auto1">[https://books.google.com/books?id=RxPftgAACAAJ Fredstraktat, tillige med dend: over bemelte Freds-tractat forfattede ... - Google Břger] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123151905/https://books.google.com/books/about/Fredstraktat_tillige_med_dend.html?id=RxPftgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y |date=2016-01-23 }}. Books.google.dk. Retrieved on 2015-06-24.</ref>

Scandinavia's first university, the [[Academy of Lund]] was founded in the 1400s. It was suppressed during the Danish [[Reformation]] in 1537.<ref name="lu.se">{{cite web|url=http://www.lum.lu.se/upp-och-ner-for-teologin-i-lund/|title=Upp och ner för teologin i Lund|date=15 December 2016|website=lu.se|access-date=3 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810210049/http://www.lum.lu.se/upp-och-ner-for-teologin-i-lund/|archive-date=10 August 2017}}</ref>  The present [[Lund University]] was established in 1666.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Foss |first1=Lene |last2=Gibson |first2=David v |title=The Entrepreneurial University: Context and Institutional Change |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-56894-0 |page=133 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_UusCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA133 |language=en |access-date=2020-09-25 |archive-date=2024-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711072758/https://books.google.com/books?id=_UusCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA133#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1943, during the Second World War, Lund was [[Bombings of Malmö and Lund|accidentally bombed]] by a British aircraft. No deaths were reported, though some people were injured by glass fragments.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Breitner|first1=Lena|title=70 år sedan bombregn föll över norra Lund|url=http://www.skd.se/2013/11/18/70-ar-sedan-bombregn-foll-over-norra-lund/|access-date=5 March 2018|publisher=Skånska Dagbladet|date=11 November 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306082706/http://www.skd.se/2013/11/18/70-ar-sedan-bombregn-foll-over-norra-lund/|archive-date=6 March 2018}}</ref>

Over the second half of the 20th century the population of Lund more than doubled, driven in large part by the growth of the university and high tech industries.<ref name="Claval">{{cite book |last1=Claval |first1=Paul |title=Landscapes, Identities and Development |date=2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781351923446 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rjKoDQAAQBAJ |language=en |access-date=1 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102094535/https://books.google.se/books?id=rjKoDQAAQBAJ |archive-date=2 January 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>  For example, [[Tetra Pak]], the [[food packaging]] and processing company, was founded in Lund in 1951.<ref name="Wickström">{{cite web |last1=Wickström |first1=Margareta |title=Lunds historia - Uppleva & göra |url=https://www.lund.se/uppleva--gora/lunds-stadsarkiv/lunds-historia/ |website=Lund |access-date=1 January 2019 |language=sv |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102050550/https://www.lund.se/uppleva--gora/lunds-stadsarkiv/lunds-historia/ |archive-date=2 January 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Suburbs were added to the outer edges of the city: Klostergården, [[Norra Fäladen]] and Linero in the 1960s, Norra Nöbbelöv in the 1970s, Gunnesbo in the 1980s and [[Värpinge]] in the 1990s.<ref name="Wickström" />

== Geography ==
[[File:Espmans karta.jpg|thumb|Kaspar Magnus Espman's map of Lund from 1784, showing the structure of the medieval centre.]]
[[File:Aerial view of Lund (Scania, Sweden).jpg|thumb|left|Aerial view in 2015]]
Lund is located in Sweden's largest agricultural district, in the south-west of Scania, less than {{convert|10|km|spell=in|abbr=off}} from the sandy shore of the [[Öresund]] Strait. Its location on the south-facing slope of the Romeleåsen [[Horst (geology)|horst]] leads to the city rising from the low-lying [[Höje River]] in the south to {{convert|86|m|abbr=off}} above [[mean sea level]] in the north. From the top of the [[Sankt Hans Hill]] it is possible to see Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark. The nearest large Swedish city, [[Malmö]], is about {{convert|15|km|abbr=off}} to the south-west.  Other Swedish cities are more distant: [[Gothenburg]] is {{convert|250|km|abbr=off}} away, the capital [[Stockholm]] is {{convert|600|km|abbr=off}} distant, and [[Umeå]] lies {{convert|1200|km|abbr=off}} to the north.

The central part of Lund largely retains its medieval street layout.  A few buildings from the [[Middle Ages]] remain, including Lund Cathedral, [[Liberiet]], [[St. Peter's Priory, Lund|St. Peter's Priory]], the restaurant Stäket and Krognoshuset.  Many of today's buildings in the centre were constructed in the late 1800s, including [[Katedralskolan, Lund|Katedralskolan]], the [[Grand Hotel (Lund)|Grand Hotel]] and the main building and library of Lund University.

=== City squares ===
[[File:Clemenstorget, Lund in September.jpg|thumb|right|A view of central Lund just outside the railway station. [[Clemenstorget]] is on the left.]]
Lund city contains four main city squares that are connected by a number of roads and passages that represent the main city centre containing numerous restaurants, shops and bars. ''[[Clemenstorget]]'' is a tree-covered city square located alongside the railway and associated station, hosts a small market and is the central terminus of the city's tramway. ''Bantorget'' is a green park-square close to the central station and Lund's [[Grand Hotel (Lund)|Grand Hotel]] is placed there. The city hall is located on the main city square - ''Stortorget'' which often features concerts and various cultural and political events. ''Mårtenstorget'' hosts the Lund Market Hall, has many restaurants, food trucks and bars around it and serves as a market square during the daytime. In earlier times the square was used as a cattle market and was known as "Oxtorget". Smaller city squares in Lund include Domkyrkoplatsen, Petriplatsen, Västra stationstorget, Sockertorget and Knut den Stores Torg.

=== Parks and nature===
[[File:Lundagard 080508.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Lundagård (park)|Lundagård]] park in central Lund.]]
[[File:Lund-botaniska 03.jpg|thumb|[[Botaniska trädgården (Lund)|The Botanical Garden]] in Lund]]
[[File:Stadsparken, Lund.jpg|thumb|The pond in Stadsparken.]]
[[File:Stadsparken i Lund-4.jpg|thumb|left|[[Stadsparken, Lund|Stadsparken]] - Lund's main city park.]]
Lund's most central park is [[Lundagård (park)|Lundagård]], which, along with the adjoining University square, forms the centre of the University. The park is dominated by historic buildings including Lund Cathedral, [[Lund University Main Building]], and [[Kungshuset]]. The trees of the park are home to a large colony of [[rook (bird)|rook]]s.

The much larger main city park (Stadsparken) is located in the south-west corner of the city center. The site was used for the Lund Exhibition in 1907 and subsequently developed into a public park between 1909 and 1911. The park contains planted gardens, a small lake, a playground and [[bandstand]]s, as well as the public swimming center Högevallsbadet and the former buildings of [[Lund Observatory]]. It also has a menagerie that houses different varieties of birds.

Other significant areas of greenery in the city include the [[Botaniska trädgården (Lund)|Botanical Garden]] (Botaniska trädgården) and [[Sankt Hans Hill]] in the north of the city. The nature preserve Rinnebäck Gorge (Rinnebäcksravinen), The Källby dams (Källby dammar) and the community park Folkparken are located in the western part of the city. The nature preserve Nöbbelövs Marshland (Nöbbelövs mosse) is located in the northwest of the city.

Popular places for swimming close to the city are the beaches in neighboring [[Lomma]], [[Bjärred]] and [[Malmö]] and lakes such as the nature preserve Billebjer and the Dalby quarry (Dalby stenbrott) in the eastern countryside of the city.

=== Climate ===
Lund, like the rest of far southern Sweden, has an [[oceanic climate]]. The climate is relatively mild compared to other locations at similar latitudes, or even somewhat further south, mainly because of its proximity to the sea. Because of Lund's northerly latitude, daylight lasts as long as 17&nbsp;hours at midsummer, and only around 7&nbsp;hours in mid-winter.

Summers are warm and pleasant with average high temperatures of {{convert|23|°C|°F|abbr=on}} and lows of around {{convert|14|°C|°F|abbr=on}}, but temperatures often exceed {{convert|25|°C|°F|abbr=on}} and heat waves are common during the summer. Winters are quite chilly, with temperatures steady between {{convert|-1|and|3|C|F}}. Lund has arguably the mildest climate of the country in average highs. In terms of yearly means and average lows [[Skanör med Falsterbo|Falsterbo]], a fellow medieval town some 50 kilometers away, is marginally milder.

Rainfall is light to moderate throughout the year with an average of 169 wet days. Snowfall occurs sparingly, mainly from December to March, but snow cover does not typically remain for a long time, and some winters are virtually free of snow.

{{Weather box
|location = Lund, 1991–2020 normals and extremes
|collapsed = 
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 10.9
|Feb record high C = 14.0
|Mar record high C = 19.3
|Apr record high C = 27.1
|May record high C = 28.9
|Jun record high C = 32.3
|Jul record high C = 34.3
|Aug record high C = 34.4
|Sep record high C = 31.1
|Oct record high C = 22.4
|Nov record high C = 17.1
|Dec record high C = 12.0
|year record high C = 
|Jan avg record high C = 7.7
|Feb avg record high C = 8.4
|Mar avg record high C = 13.8
|Apr avg record high C = 20.7
|May avg record high C = 24.8
|Jun avg record high C = 27.6
|Jul avg record high C = 29.4
|Aug avg record high C = 28.9
|Sep avg record high C = 23.6
|Oct avg record high C = 17.8
|Nov avg record high C = 12.3
|Dec avg record high C = 8.9
|year avg record high C = 30.8
|Jan high C = 3.0
|Feb high C = 3.4
|Mar high C = 6.7
|Apr high C = 12.7
|May high C = 17.5
|Jun high C = 20.6
|Jul high C = 23.2
|Aug high C = 22.7
|Sep high C = 18.2
|Oct high C = 12.5
|Nov high C = 7.4
|Dec high C = 4.3
|year high C = 
|Jan mean C = 0.9
|Feb mean C = 1.0
|Mar mean C = 3.2
|Apr mean C = 7.8
|May mean C = 12.4
|Jun mean C = 15.8
|Jul mean C = 18.3
|Aug mean C = 17.9
|Sep mean C = 14.0
|Oct mean C = 9.3
|Nov mean C = 5.2
|Dec mean C = 2.3
|year mean C = 9.0
|Jan low C = -1.2
|Feb low C = -1.1
|Mar low C = 0.2
|Apr low C = 3.7
|May low C = 7.9
|Jun low C = 11.5
|Jul low C = 13.9
|Aug low C = 13.9
|Sep low C = 10.7
|Oct low C = 6.6
|Nov low C = 3.2
|Dec low C = 0.3
|year low C = 
|Jan avg record low C = -10.3
|Feb avg record low C = -8.4
|Mar avg record low C = -6.0
|Apr avg record low C = -2.1
|May avg record low C = 1.9
|Jun avg record low C = 6.2
|Jul avg record low C = 9.4
|Aug avg record low C = 8.5
|Sep avg record low C = 4.3
|Oct avg record low C = -0.8
|Nov avg record low C = -3.9
|Dec avg record low C = -8.0
|year avg record low C = -12.8
|Jan record low C = -18.8
|Feb record low C = -16.0
|Mar record low C = -16.3
|Apr record low C = -5.7
|May record low C = -1.2
|Jun record low C = 3.4
|Jul record low C = 6.6
|Aug record low C = 5.3
|Sep record low C = 0-0
|Oct record low C = -8.5
|Nov record low C = -9.7
|Dec record low C = -19.4
|year record low C = 
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 54.5
|Feb precipitation mm = 42.7
|Mar precipitation mm = 39.7
|Apr precipitation mm = 33.9
|May precipitation mm = 43.1
|Jun precipitation mm = 62.9
|Jul precipitation mm = 62.3
|Aug precipitation mm =79.3
|Sep precipitation mm = 60.5
|Oct precipitation mm = 68.1
|Nov precipitation mm = 61.3
|Dec precipitation mm = 67.8
|year precipitation mm = 676.1
|snow colour = green
|Jan snow cm = 
|Feb snow cm = 
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|Jan sun = 
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|year sun = 
|source 1 = SMHI Open Data <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smhi.se/data/meteorologi/ladda-ner-meteorologiska-observationer#param=airTemperatureMinAndMaxOnceEveryDay,stations=all,stationid=53430|title=Ladda ner meteorologiska observationer &#124; SMHI|access-date=2021-02-19|archive-date=2021-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309014709/https://www.smhi.se/data/meteorologi/ladda-ner-meteorologiska-observationer/#param=airTemperatureMinAndMaxOnceEveryDay,stations=all,stationid=53430|url-status=live}}</ref>
|source 2 = SMHI 1991-2020 normals <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smhi.se/data/meteorologi/dataserier-med-normalvarden-for-perioden-1991-2020-1.167775|title=Dataserier med normalvärden för perioden 1991-2020 &#124; SMHI|access-date=2021-02-19|archive-date=2021-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210528152859/https://www.smhi.se/data/meteorologi/dataserier-med-normalvarden-for-perioden-1991-2020-1.167775|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}

{{Weather box
|location = Lund 2011-2024; precipitation 1961–1990
|collapsed = Yes
|metric first = Yes
|single line  = Yes
|Jan record high C = 10.9
|Feb record high C = 14.0
|Mar record high C = 19.3
|Apr record high C = 25.3
|May record high C = 28.9
|Jun record high C = 31.4
|Jul record high C = 34.3
|Aug record high C = 34.4
|Sep record high C = 31.1
|Oct record high C = 22.4
|Nov record high C = 15.1
|Dec record high C = 12.0
|year record high C = 34.4
|Jan avg record high C = 7.8
|Feb avg record high C = 8.1
|Mar avg record high C = 14.8
|Apr avg record high C = 20.4
|May avg record high C = 25.6
|Jun avg record high C = 27.8
|Jul avg record high C = 30.0
|Aug avg record high C = 29.1
|Sep avg record high C = 24.3
|Oct avg record high C = 18.3
|Nov avg record high C = 12.5
|Dec avg record high C = 9.1
|year avg record high C = 30.9
|Jan high C = 3.8
|Feb high C = 5.2
|Mar high C = 7.9
|Apr high C = 13.3
|May high C = 18.3
|Jun high C = 22.1
|Jul high C = 23.4
|Aug high C = 23.5
|Sep high C = 19.4
|Oct high C = 13.3
|Nov high C = 8.6
|Dec high C = 5.5
|year high C = 
|Jan mean C = 1.8
|Feb mean C = 2.6
|Mar mean C = 4.2
|Apr mean C = 8.4
|May mean C = 13.2
|Jun mean C = 17.1
|Jul mean C = 18.5
|Aug mean C = 18.5
|Sep mean C = 15.3
|Oct mean C = 10.5
|Nov mean C = 6.3
|Dec mean C = 3.6
|year mean C = 
|Jan low C = 0.0
|Feb low C = 0.6
|Mar low C = 1.0
|Apr low C = 4.1
|May low C = 8.4
|Jun low C = 12.4
|Jul low C = 14.0
|Aug low C = 14.2
|Sep low C = 11.5
|Oct low C = 7.7
|Nov low C = 4.1
|Dec low C = 1.9
|year low C = 
|Jan avg record low C = -11.4
|Feb avg record low C = -8.3
|Mar avg record low C = -6.9
|Apr avg record low C = -1.9
|May avg record low C = 1.7
|Jun avg record low C = 6.2
|Jul avg record low C = 9.7
|Aug avg record low C = 8.3
|Sep avg record low C = 3.9
|Oct avg record low C = -1.3
|Nov avg record low C = -4.3
|Dec avg record low C = -7.6
|year avg record low C = -13.3
|Jan record low C = -18.8
|Feb record low C = -14.6
|Mar record low C = -16.3
|Apr record low C = -5.7
|May record low C = -0.7
|Jun record low C = 3.4
|Jul record low C = 8.1
|Aug record low C = 5.3
|Sep record low C = 0.0
|Oct record low C = -8.5
|Nov record low C = -9.7
|Dec record low C = -19.4
|year record low C = -19.4
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 56.4
|Feb precipitation mm = 41.3
|Mar precipitation mm = 36.3
|Apr precipitation mm = 30.0
|May precipitation mm = 41.3
|Jun precipitation mm = 66.2
|Jul precipitation mm = 69.2
|Aug precipitation mm = 91.6
|Sep precipitation mm = 44.8
|Oct precipitation mm = 71.2
|Nov precipitation mm = 65.0
|Dec precipitation mm = 69.7
|year precipitation mm = 
|Jan sun = 43.6
|Feb sun = 62.8
|Mar sun = 143.4
|Apr sun = 215.2
|May sun = 258.7
|Jun sun = 247.6
|Jul sun = 251.7
|Aug sun = 211.9
|Sep sun = 173.8
|Oct sun = 110.3
|Nov sun = 49.9
|Dec sun = 29.1
|year sun = 
|source 1 = SMHI Open Data<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.smhi.se/klimatdata/meteorologi/ladda-ner-meteorologiska-observationer/#param=precipitationMonthlySum,stations=all,stationid=53430 |title = Nederbörd för Lund |accessdate = 20 May 2019 |language = sv |publisher = SMHI |date = April 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190411092753/https://www.smhi.se/klimatdata/meteorologi/ladda-ner-meteorologiska-observationer#param=precipitationMonthlySum,stations=all,stationid=53430 |archive-date = 11 April 2019 |url-status = live }}</ref>
|source 2 = SMHI Average Data 2002–2018<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smhi.se/klimatdata/meteorologi/temperatur|title=SMHI Data för väder och vatten|publisher=[[Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute]]|language=sv|access-date=2019-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426200812/https://www.smhi.se/klimatdata/meteorologi/temperatur|archive-date=2019-04-26|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}

== Demographics ==
[[File:Adelgatan 2008.jpg|thumb|Adelgatan ("Nobility Street" in current Swedish but originally meant Main Street), Lund]]
[[File:Lilla Fiskargatan 2006.jpg|thumb|Lilla Fiskaregatan, the main pedestrian street in Lund.]]
Lund’s population has grown steadily throughout the past century. In 2024, 23.5 percent of the municipality’s residents were born outside Sweden.[http://ortshistoria.se/stad/lund/befolkning] Approximately 35 percent of the inhabitants—and the share is rising—had a foreign background in 2024,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lund kommun – fakta & statistik om skatt, ekonomi och befolkning |url=https://statsskuld.se/berakna-nettolon/lund |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=statsskuld.se |language=sv}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-19 |title=Lund i siffror |url=https://lund.se/kommun-och-politik/fakta-om-lund/lund-i-siffror |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=Lunds kommun |language=sv}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Andel med utländsk bakgrund |url=https://www.kulturradet.se/kulturskolecentrum/statistik/andel-med-utlandsk-bakgrund/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241119070048/https://www.kulturradet.se/kulturskolecentrum/statistik/andel-med-utlandsk-bakgrund/ |archive-date=2024-11-19 |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=Kulturrådet |language=sv-SE}}</ref> meaning they were either born abroad themselves or born in Sweden to two foreign-born parents. If one also includes Swedish-born residents with one parent born outside Europe (a group that, based on national patterns, is estimated to account for around 5 percent of the population), the broader share of the population with ties to migration from outside Europe would reach approximately 40 percent.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hur har det gått i Skåne? - Befolkning |url=https://utveckling.skane.se/digitala-rapporter/huga/befolkning/ |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=utveckling.skane.se}}</ref>[https://filer.skane.se/kommunrapporter/Kommunrapport_Lund.html][https://affes.wordpress.com/2025/03/27/befolkningsstatistik-uppdateringar-for-2024/]<ref>{{Citation |title=Sveriges demografi |date=2025-12-06 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sveriges_demografi&oldid=58672436 |access-date=2025-12-09 |language=sv}}</ref> Students at [[Lund University]] make up a significant portion of the city’s population.[https://www.lu.se/om-universitetet/universitetet-i-korthet][https://lund.se/student]

{{aligned table|leftright=yes|cols=2|row1header=1|class=wikitable
| Year | Population
| 1960 | 39,568
| 1965 | 45,043
| 1970 | 52,359
| 1975 | 55,047
| 1980 | 55,130
| 1990 | 62,909
| 1995 | 71,450
| 2000 | 73,840
| 2005 | 76,188
| 2010 | 82,476
| 2015 | 87,244
| 2018 | 91,940
|2020|94,393|2024|approx. 96,000-98,000}}

== Governance ==
[[File:Lund radhuset2007.jpg|thumb|right|The old town hall (Lunds rådhus) on Stortorget square is used as offices by Lund Municipality.]]
{{Main article|Lund Municipality}}

Lund is governed by Lund Municipality.  The municipality is responsible for the city of Lund, nearby settlements including [[Dalby, Lund|Dalby]], [[Södra Sandby]] and [[Veberöd]], and the surrounding countryside.  It reached its current form in 1974 following the absorption of a number of nearby municipalities.  In 2014 the city itself was officially divided into 14 administrative divisions.<ref name="statsdelar">[http://www.sydsvenskan.se/lund/nova-forsvinner-nar-stadsdelar-blir-officiella/ Nova försvinner när stadsdelar blir officiella] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141003035342/http://www.sydsvenskan.se/lund/nova-forsvinner-nar-stadsdelar-blir-officiella/ |date=2014-10-03 }} - Sydsvenskan 1 oktober 2014</ref>

The municipality is governed by a municipal assembly ({{lang|sv|kommunfullmäktige}}) of 65 members, who elect a municipal executive committee ({{lang|sv|kommunstyrelse}}) of 13 members.<ref>{{cite web|title=Politik och demokrati|url=https://www.lund.se/kommun--politik/politik-och-demokrati/|website=lund.se|publisher=Lunds Kommun|access-date=25 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226060430/https://www.lund.se/kommun--politik/politik-och-demokrati/|archive-date=26 December 2016}}</ref>  {{As of|since=y|2018|10}} the mayor and chairman of the executive committee ({{lang|sv|kommunstyrelsens ordförande}}) has been Philip Sandberg of the [[Liberals (Sweden)|Liberals]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kuprijanko |first1=Alexander |title=Philip Sandberg stiger in i rampljuset |url=https://www.sydsvenskan.se/2018-10-13/philip-sandberg-stiger-in-i-rampljuset |website=Sydsvenskan |access-date=19 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025150001/https://www.sydsvenskan.se/2018-10-13/philip-sandberg-stiger-in-i-rampljuset |archive-date=25 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Education ==
[[File:Universitetshuset i lund.jpg|thumb|left|Lund University main building]]
[[File:Katedralskolan lund.JPG|thumb|right|One of the buildings of [[Katedralskolan, Lund|Katedralskolan]], Lund Cathedral school.]]

=== Lund University ===
{{Main article|Lund University}}

The university dominates much of the centre of Lund.  It was founded in 1666 following the transfer of Scania to Sweden under the Treaty of Roskilde and is the second-oldest university in Sweden after [[Uppsala University]].  Its traditional centre is in Lundagård park but stretches out towards the north east of the city where the large [[Lund Institute of Technology|engineering faculty]] is located.  Today, Lund University is one of northern Europe's largest, with eight faculties, 41,000 students and over 2,000 separate courses.<ref>{{cite web |author=Lund University |url=http://www.lunduniversity.lu.se/files/lu-presentation-brochure-2016-final.pdf |title=Lund University presentation brochure |publisher=Lund University |date=2016 |access-date=27 December 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009084435/http://www.lunduniversity.lu.se/files/lu-presentation-brochure-2016-final.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2016 }}</ref>  It is and has consistently ranked in the world top 100 universities<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2016 |title=The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2016 |date=30 September 2015 |publisher=Timeshighereducation.co.uk |access-date=2016-07-05 |archive-date=2020-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122205044/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2016/world-ranking |url-status=live }}</ref> and is a member of the [[League of European Research Universities]] as well as the global [[Universitas 21]] network.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lunduniversity.lu.se/about/about-lund-university |title=About Lund University - Lund University |publisher=Lund University |date=2016-07-05 |access-date=2016-07-05 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160718035637/http://www.lunduniversity.lu.se/about/about-lund-university |archive-date=2016-07-18 }}</ref>

=== Other educational institutions ===
[[Katedralskolan, Lund|Katedralskolan]] (Lund Cathedral School) founded in 1085, is the oldest school in Scandinavia. Today it is a high [[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]] with about 1,400 students studying in five different programmes.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Paulin|first1=Örjan|title=Katedralskolan – En mini-historik|url=https://www.lund.se/katedralskolan/om-skolan/historik/|website=lund.se|publisher=Lunds Kommun|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827131950/https://www.lund.se/katedralskolan/om-skolan/historik/|archive-date=2017-08-27}}</ref>

[[:sv:Östervångsskolan|Östervångskolan]] is a ''specialskola'' (special school) for deaf and hard of hearing students, providing education in Swedish and Swedish Sign Language. It accepts students from  Skåne and surrounding areas.<ref name=":0" /> The school was founded in 1871 as ''Skånes Anstalt för Döfstumma i Lund'' (Skåne's Institute for the Deaf and Mute in Lund) and had its premises on Östervångsvägen until 2016 when it relocated to [[:sv:Tunaskolan,_Lund|Tunaskolan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Östervångskolan i Lund |url=https://www.lansstyrelsen.se/skane/besoksmal/kulturmiljoer/ostervangskolan-i-lund.html |access-date=2023-03-05 |website=www.lansstyrelsen.se |language=sv |archive-date=2024-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711072814/https://www.lansstyrelsen.se/skane/besoksmal/kulturmiljoer/ostervangskolan-i-lund.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Om Östervångsskolan |url=https://www.spsm.se/skolalternativ/vara-skolor/ostervangsskolan/om-ostervangsskolan/ |access-date=2023-03-05 |website=www.spsm.se |language=sv |archive-date=2023-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305091346/https://www.spsm.se/skolalternativ/vara-skolor/ostervangsskolan/om-ostervangsskolan/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=LKF {{!}} Våra områden Dövstumskolan (inkl Pedellen) |url=https://lkf.inpublix.com/omraden/dovstumskolan/ |access-date=2023-03-05 |language=sv-SE |archive-date=2024-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711073645/https://lkf.inpublix.com/omraden/dovstumskolan/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The International School of Lund Katedralskolan (ISLK) later moved to the Östervångsvägen site.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Östervångskolan – Kulturportal Lund |url=https://kulturportallund.se/ostervangskolan/ |access-date=2023-03-05 |language=sv-SE |archive-date=2023-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305091348/https://kulturportallund.se/ostervangskolan/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[Royal Swedish Physiographic Society]] is a learned society based in Lund.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Björck|first1=ingela|title=Finansierande sällskap verkar i det tysta|url=http://www.lum.lu.se/finansierande-sallskap-verkar-i-det-tysta/|website=Lunds Universitets Magasin|date=13 October 2016|publisher=Lund University|access-date=5 March 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306022948/http://www.lum.lu.se/finansierande-sallskap-verkar-i-det-tysta/|archive-date=6 March 2018}}</ref>

== Culture ==
[[File:Majsång på Lunds universitets trappa 2005.jpg|thumb|left|Lund University Male Voice Choir at the Lund University main building on 1 May 2005]]
[[File:Lund University observatory.jpg|thumb|upright|Lund University observatory]]
The culture in Lund is characterised by the university education and research, and the large student population, including 28% international students<ref>{{Cite web| title = Facts and figures {{!}} Lund University| access-date = 2025-06-07| url = https://www.lunduniversity.lu.se/about-university/university-glance/facts-and-figures}}</ref> and student traditions, such as a student theatre group since 1886.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lundaspexarna.se/|title=Lundaspexarna|author=Lundaspexarna|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329190925/http://www.lundaspexarna.se/|archive-date=2014-03-29}}</ref> A substantial part of the student night-life is located at [[student fraternities]] called 'Nations'.

Lund Cathedral, the former [[Catholicism|Catholic]] and the now [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] [[cathedral]] in Lund, is the seat of the [[bishop of Lund]] of the Church of Sweden.
Lund also has a city theatre (though without a professional local ensemble of its own) and a number of other places for concerts and theatres.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 Feb 2023 |title=Cultural Activities in Lund |url=https://www.lunduniversity.lu.se/student-life/cultural-activities |website=Lund University |access-date=22 April 2023 |archive-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330111254/https://www.lunduniversity.lu.se/student-life/cultural-activities |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Literature, theatre and cinema ===
Numerous prominent figures from the literary world lived and worked in Lund, often in association with the university and theatre. Prominent examples include Esias Tegnér, writer, poet and bishop, and [[August Strindberg]], playwright, novelist and poet.  A longer list is given below with other notable natives.  The Lund novel is a genre in its own right, a [[bildungsroman]] in which a young student experiences life in Lund, Copenhagen and sometimes [[Österlen]] whilst maturing as an individual.
The Lund novel is exemplified by the work of [[Fritiof Nilsson Piraten]] and [[Frank Heller]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2017}}

The [[spex (theatre)|spex]] are a form of student theatre particular to Nordic universities, with a strong tradition in Lund.  They are parodistic musical plays, often setting well-known music to new lyrics and mixing up the historical and the present in unconventional intrigues.  Comedians [[Hans Alfredson]] and [[Anders Jansson]] started their careers in the Lund spex.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Qvist|first1=Per Olov|last2=von Bagh|first2=Peter|title=Guide to the Cinema of Sweden and Finland|date=2000|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=0313303770|page=34|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rnpoR8VMUNoC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304172740/https://books.google.se/books?id=rnpoR8VMUNoC|archive-date=2018-03-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hallgren|first1=Martin|title=Montezuma gör comeback i AF-aBorgen|url=https://www.sydsvenskan.se/2015-11-16/montezuma-gor-comeback-i-af-borgen|access-date=4 March 2018|publisher=Sydsvenskan|date=16 November 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305063329/https://www.sydsvenskan.se/2015-11-16/montezuma-gor-comeback-i-af-borgen|archive-date=5 March 2018}}</ref>

The concluding scenes in [[Ingmar Bergman]]'s classic film ''[[Wild Strawberries (film)|Wild Strawberries]]'' are set in Lund.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Qvist|first1=Per Olov|last2=von Bagh|first2=Peter|title=Guide to the Cinema of Sweden and Finland|date=2000|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=0313303770|page=195|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rnpoR8VMUNoC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304172740/https://books.google.se/books?id=rnpoR8VMUNoC|archive-date=2018-03-04}}</ref>

The Lund International Architecture Film Festival is held annually in the autumn.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lund International Architecture Film Festival|url=http://www.archfilmlund.se/omoss.html|website=archfilmlund.se|publisher=Lund International Architecture Film Festival|access-date=4 March 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304231940/http://www.archfilmlund.se/omoss.html|archive-date=4 March 2018}}</ref>

Lund joined the [[UNESCO]] [[Creative Cities Network]] and was named a UNESCO [[City of Literature]] in October 2025. Lund became the second Swedish literature city after [[Gothenburg]]. The city promotes young people from the university in field of literature and hosts annually "Litteralund", the largest festival in Sweden for child literature.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lund ny litteraturstad i Unescos globala nätverk|url=https://lund.se/nyheter/nyheter/2025-10-31-lund-ny-litteraturstad-i-unescos-globala-natverk|publisher=Lund.se|access-date=3 November 2025|lang=sv}}</ref>

=== Museums ===
[[File:Bosmålatorpet på Kulturen.jpg|thumb|left|The Bosmåla cottage is part of the open-air museum Kulturen, which hosts a collection of historical Scanian buildings.]]
Lund hosts the largest open-air museum of Scania, [[Kulturen]]. Kulturen is the second oldest dedicated [[open-air museum]] in the world.  Founded in 1892 by Georg Karlin, it consists of more than 30 buildings, as well as collections exhibiting Scanian art, crafts, local archaeology and history.<ref>[http://www.kulturen.com/ettan.asp Välkommen till Kulturen i Lund - startsida] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509080652/http://www.kulturen.com/ettan.asp |date=May 9, 2008 }}</ref>

Several museums are attached to the university.  The Lund University Historical Museum is based in the Lundagård park.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lundagård är Lunds äldsta park och universitetets historiska kärna, men ursprungligen var Lundagård namnet på ärkebiskopens borg. - Uppleva & göra |url=https://www.lund.se/uppleva--gora/Parker-lek-natur/parker-och-gronomraden/lundagard/ |website=Lund |access-date=7 July 2019 |language=sv |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108065442/https://www.lund.se/uppleva--gora/Parker-lek-natur/parker-och-gronomraden/lundagard/ |archive-date=8 November 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>  Its exhibitions were updated in 2018 and cover the history, archeology and zoology of Scania.  There is a separate Lund Cathedral museum.<ref>{{cite web |title=Historiska museet slår upp portarna igen |url=https://www.lu.se/article/historiska-museet-slar-upp-portarna-igen |website=Lunds universitet |access-date=7 July 2019 |language=sv |date=26 November 2018 |archive-date=11 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711073643/https://www.lu.se/artikel/historiska-museet-slar-upp-portarna-igen |url-status=live }}</ref>
The [[Museum of Sketches for Public Art]] is a unique museum that documents the development of public artworks.<ref>{{cite web |title=Elding Oscarson creates "slightly bent" extension to Skissernas Museum |url=https://www.dezeen.com/2017/07/23/skissernas-museum-extension-elding-oscarson-lund-sweden-corten-steel/ |website=Dezeen |access-date=7 July 2019 |language=en |date=23 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515060146/https://www.dezeen.com/2017/07/23/skissernas-museum-extension-elding-oscarson-lund-sweden-corten-steel/ |archive-date=15 May 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>  The Vattenhallen Science Center, connected to the university's engineering faculty, has an interactive presentation of science and research.<ref>{{cite web |title=Top 10 attractions - City |url=https://visitlund.se/en/to-do/top-ten-attractions-city/ |website=Visitlund |access-date=7 July 2019 |language=sv |archive-date=7 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707113828/https://visitlund.se/en/to-do/top-ten-attractions-city/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Lundakarnevalen ===
Lundakarnevalen has been held every four years since the mid-nineteenth century; anecdotal accounts reference its beginnings to a wedding in 1849 (the four-year intervals place the party in 2002, 2006, 2010, etc.). Arranged by the students of the university, from the 1950s onwards the event has grown in size and intensity (with some 5,500 volunteers 2010), but it remains an amateur event. Midway between a music and stage fair, a city festival, and an outpouring of satire, parody and general madness. Some students dress up in costumes, often relating to and poking fun at current issues, and parade in wagons. Others perform humorous skits in the evenings. The carnival revues and other stage entertainments have launched a number of well-known entertainers and actors over the years.{{Citation needed|date=May 2017}}

===Music===
[[File:Mejeriet.jpg|thumb|left|Lund's cultural venue, [[Mejeriet]]]]
Lund has long been a regional centre for classical and church music. In particular, Lund is renowned for its vibrant amateur choir scene, with choirs such as Carolinae damkör, Domkyrkokören, Katedralkören, Lunds akademiska kör, [[Lund Chamber Choir]] (Swedish: ''Lunds Kammarkör''), [[Lunds Studentsångförening]], Lunds vokalensemble, and the [[Svanholm Singers]]. Since 2006, Lund has been the host of the biannual Lund International Choral Festival.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lundchoralfestival.org/|title=Lund Choral Festival|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322164849/http://www.lundchoralfestival.org/|archive-date=2012-03-22}}</ref>  Classical orchestras based in the city include the Lund City Orchestra, the Academic Orchestra and Lund New Chamber Orchestra.

In more recent decades, Lund has also developed a lively pop and jazz scene.  The cultural venue [[Mejeriet]] opened in 1987 in a former dairy building just outside the city park.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mejeriet|url=http://www.kulturportallund.se/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=660&Itemid=4033&lang=en|website=Kulturportal Lund|access-date=16 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118032740/http://www.kulturportallund.se/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=660&Itemid=4033&lang=en|archive-date=18 January 2017}}</ref>  It has hosted concerts by both well-known and emerging bands.  The pop singer and television presenter [[Måns Zelmerlöw]] was born and grew up in Lund.  Artists associated with Lund include DJ and record producer [[Axwell]], rock musician [[Kal P. Dal]], rapper [[Timbuktu (musician)|Timbuktu]], indie pop group [[The Radio Dept.]], and singer and songwriter [[Amanda Jenssen]]. The [[music venue]] [[Olympen]], hosted many famous artists from 1971 to 2009.

=== Sports ===
[[File:F&fsa1d.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Sparbanken Skåne Arena]] is a large sports hall adjoining the city park in Lund.  Until 2014 it was known as the ''Färs och Frosta Sparbank Arena''.]]
Lund's [[team handball|handball]] team, [[LUGI HF]] plays in both the men's and women's top leagues.{{Citation needed|date=May 2017}} Lund hosted matches from the [[2011 World Men's Handball Championship|2011 Handball World Championship]] in the Sparbanken Skåne Arena.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Wiman|first1=Max|title=VM-skandal i Lund|url=https://www.sydsvenskan.se/2011-01-14/vm-skandal-i-lund|access-date=11 March 2018|publisher=Sydsvenskan|date=14 January 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312083555/https://www.sydsvenskan.se/2011-01-14/vm-skandal-i-lund|archive-date=12 March 2018}}</ref> Lund has a chess team, [[Lunds ASK]], that for decades has been among the top teams in Sweden.{{Citation needed|date=May 2016}} Lund has two Division 1 football clubs, [[Torns IF]] and [[Lunds BK]].  It is also the birthplace of the online football manager game [[Hattrick (video game)|Hattrick]]. [[Lugi Rugbyklubb]], based in Lund, is one of Sweden's few rugby clubs.{{Citation needed|date=May 2016}} Lund has a boxing association called [[Lunds Boxningssällskap]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lunds Boxningssällskap |url=http://www.lundsbs.se/start/Default.asp?ID=415097&v=4 |access-date=2023-08-29 |website=www.lundsbs.se |archive-date=2023-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002083031/https://www.lundsbs.se/start/Default.asp?ID=415097&v=4 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Transport ==
=== Railways ===
[[File:Lunds centralstation2007.jpg|thumb|right|Lund railway station]]
[[File:Pågatågen, Lund - 20240530 - 06.jpg|thumb|right|A [[Skånetrafiken]] X61 train at Lund railway station]]
Lund is a railway junction and is well served by rail traffic. The main railway station, [[Lund Central Station|Lund Central]],  is Sweden's third busiest railway station, with around 37 000 passengers per day {{As of|2013|lc=y}}.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Svahn|first1=Görel|title=Lunds station tredje störst|url=http://www.sydsvenskan.se/2013-12-13/lunds-station-tredje-storst|publisher=Sydsvenskan|access-date=21 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222000045/http://www.sydsvenskan.se/2013-12-13/lunds-station-tredje-storst|archive-date=22 December 2016}}</ref> Another, smaller station serves the suburb of Gunnesbo in the north-west of the city. Lund has been on the [[Southern Main Line]], which connects Malmö and Stockholm, since it opened in 1856. The [[West Coast Line (Sweden)|West Coast Line]] to [[Gothenburg]] branches off the Southern Main Line just north of Lund Central station. Thus there are direct services to all of Sweden's three largest cities, as well as to Copenhagen and [[Helsingør]] via the [[Öresund Bridge]]. Rail services to Denmark, and within Scania and neighbouring counties, are mainly provided by the [[Øresundståg]]. These trains are operated jointly by [[Skånetrafiken]] in Scania and the [[DSB (railway company)|Danish State Railways]] in Denmark. Longer distance services, notably to Stockholm, are provided by [[SJ AB|SJ]]. Local traffic is served by the [[Skåne commuter rail|Pågatåg]] electric multiple units, which provide stopping services within Scania.

=== Cycling ===
Lund has been praised for its [[cycling infrastructure]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/8393475.stm|title=The city where bicycles dominate|date=2009-12-03|publisher=BBC News|access-date=2009-12-10|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711072806/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/8393475.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> There are 4,800 bike parking spaces in the town, including a multi-storey facility at the railway station, over {{convert|260|km|0|abbr=on}} of cyclepaths and cycle lanes, and 43% of journeys within the city take place by bicycle.<ref>{{cite web|first1=Emma|last1=Holgersson|title=CYKELSTRATEGI 2013 - 2017|url=https://www.lund.se/globalassets/lund.se/traf_infra/cykla-i-lund/cykelstrategi-2013-2017--for-att-fler-ska-cykla-mer.pdf|publisher=Tyréns|access-date=21 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221235015/https://www.lund.se/globalassets/lund.se/traf_infra/cykla-i-lund/cykelstrategi-2013-2017--for-att-fler-ska-cykla-mer.pdf|archive-date=21 December 2016}}</ref> There has been no increase in car usage for the past 10&nbsp;years.{{Citation needed|date=December 2016}}

=== Buses ===
Since 2019, the bus network in Lund has been licensed to the company [[Vy Buss]], overseen by Skånetrafiken.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nettbuss.se/om-nettbuss/vara-bolag/nettbuss-ab/depaer---nettbuss-ab/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804202651/https://www.nettbuss.se/om-nettbuss/vara-bolag/nettbuss-ab/depaer---nettbuss-ab/|title=Depåer - Vy Buss AB (fd. Nettbuss AB)|accessdate=13 June 2023|archive-date=4 August 2020}}</ref>
They operate green-coloured buses which are electric.<ref>[https://www.skanetrafiken.se/aktuellt/fran-augusti-rullar-det-elbussar-lund/#/ Från augusti rullar det elbussar Lund] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131094950/https://www.skanetrafiken.se/aktuellt/fran-augusti-rullar-det-elbussar-lund/#/ |date=2023-01-31 }}, (in Swedish) Retrieved May 2, 2024.</ref>  The busses run on a total of seven bus lines.<ref>{{cite web|title=Linjekartor 2020|url=https://www.skanetrafiken.se/jag-behover/kartor/|publisher=Skånetrafiken|access-date=8 August 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306083204/https://www.skanetrafiken.se/globalassets/dokumentbank/linjekartor/linjekartor-2018/lund_linjenat_dec17.pdf|archive-date=6 March 2018}}</ref>  A survey carried out on behalf of Region Skåne in 2015 found that 11% of Lund residents used the bus network regularly.<ref>{{cite web|title=Resultat från webbenkät om nytt linjenät|url=https://www.skane.se/organisation-politik/Vart-uppdrag-inom-kollektivtrafik/Nya-linjer-och-fordon/trafikutredninglund/resultat-fran-webbenkat-om-nytt-linjenat/|publisher=Region Skåne|access-date=5 March 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306083522/https://www.skane.se/organisation-politik/Vart-uppdrag-inom-kollektivtrafik/Nya-linjer-och-fordon/trafikutredninglund/resultat-fran-webbenkat-om-nytt-linjenat/|archive-date=6 March 2018}}</ref>

=== Tramway ===
{{Main article|Lund tramway}}

[[File:Spårvagn i Lund augusti 2020.jpg|thumb|left|A tram on Lund's tramway.]]
The Lund Tramway opened to the public on December 13, 2020. Plans were approved in 2015 to initiate a 6&nbsp;km (3.7&nbsp;mi) tram network to provide faster and higher-capacity commuter transport in central Lund.<ref>{{cite news|title=Historiskt beslut – spårvägen är klubbad|url=http://www.sydsvenskan.se/2015-12-17/historiskt-beslut--sparvagen-ar-klubbad|access-date=21 December 2016|publisher=Sydsvenskan|date=17 November 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222000400/http://www.sydsvenskan.se/2015-12-17/historiskt-beslut--sparvagen-ar-klubbad|archive-date=22 December 2016|language=sv}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sparvaglund.se/|title=Spårväg Lund|publisher=sparvaglund.se|access-date=2014-02-22|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209040122/http://www.sparvaglund.se/|archive-date=2014-02-09|language=sv}}</ref> The 15-minute tram ride connects [[Lund Central Station]] with [[Skåne University Hospital|the hospital]], [[Lund University]] (LTH), [[Ideon Science Park]], the new district of Brunnshög, the [[MAX IV]] [[synchrotron]] light source, and the [[European Spallation Source]]. 

Long-term plans to extend this network to the suburban towns of Bjärred (via Öresundsvägen), Dalby, [[Staffanstorp]] and Södra Sandby have been shelved.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

=== Major roads ===
Lund has been connected to the motorway network since 1953 when the [[European route E22|E22]] was opened between Lund and Malmö.  The E22 was the first motorway in Sweden, and was originally built around the edge of the town; however following the expansion of the suburbs out to the east in the latter half of the 20th century it now passes through the city. The E22 forms the main north-south trunk route through Lund.  The largest east-west road is the multi-lane northern ring road which also passes through the city limits.   
There are also other connections to most major roads in the area, for example the [[European route E6|E6]] via Riksväg 16, and the Länsväg 108 which connects to the [[European route E65|E65]].

=== Airports ===
Lund is served by [[Copenhagen Airport]], the largest airport in the Nordic countries, which can be reached by frequent direct trains in about 35 minutes. The second airport in the area, [[Malmö Airport]], is located about 26 kilometres (16 miles) away and is mainly used for domestic flights. There was a small airstrip, [[Hasslanda Flygfält]], to the south of Lund, primarily used for private and charter flights; the airstrip closed in 2008.

== Economy ==
[[File:TetraPakLund.jpg|thumb|right|The main factory building of [[Tetra Pak]], located in the south of Lund.]]
[[File:St Ericsson & Sony Mobile implant in Lund.jpg|thumb|left|Sony Mobile offices in Lund]]
[[File:Telefongatan on a morning in April 2025.jpg|thumb|right|Telefongatan near the Ideon Science Park]]
Lund is a regional centre for [[high tech]] companies, several of which are based in the north-east of the city. Companies with offices in Lund include [[Sony Mobile Communications]], [[Ericsson]], [[Arm Holdings]], and [[Microsoft]]. The Swedish [[telecommunication]]s company [[Doro (telecoms)|Doro]] has its head office in Lund.  [[Gambro]], one of the key companies in the development of the [[Kidney dialysis|artificial kidney]], was founded in Lund in 1964 and retains a significant presence in the city.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Andersson|first1=Elisabeth|title=75 jobb bort i Lund när Baxter flyttar forskning och utveckling|url=https://8till5.se/2016/03/16/75-varslas-pa-baxter-i-lund/|website=8till5.se|access-date=22 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222223838/https://8till5.se/2016/03/16/75-varslas-pa-baxter-i-lund/|archive-date=22 December 2016}}</ref>  [[Alfa Laval]], the international manufacturer of heat exchangers and separators, have a factory in Lund, and Tetra Pak have their headquarters and part of production in town. Network video camera maker [[Axis Communications]] was founded in Lund in 1984 and maintains its headquarters in the city as an independently operated subsidiary of [[Canon Inc.|Canon]]. Other important industries include [[pharmaceuticals]], [[biotechnology]], and publishing and library services.

[[Skåne University Hospital]] and [[Lund University]] are major employers, with extensive research facilities. In particular, the [[Lund Institute of Technology]] has connections with the high tech industry in the city. A [[science park]], ''[[Ideon Science Park]]'', was founded in 1983 as a collaboration between Lund University, [[Lund Municipality]] and Wihlborgs Fastigheter AB.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ideon Science Park|url=http://hornonline.com/ideon-science-park/|publisher=Horn International AB|access-date=22 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223062925/http://hornonline.com/ideon-science-park/|archive-date=23 December 2016}}</ref> {{As of|2016}} it hosts about 350 companies, employing 2,700 people. Many of these are high tech companies that have ties to the university.

The 2010s have seen the development of two major research facilities in Lund, both in collaboration with the university.  [[MAX IV]] is the world's most brilliant synchrotron light source and a Swedish national facility.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lindskog|first1=Anna-Lena|title=Världens starkaste synkrotron invigs|url=http://www.teknat.umu.se/pressinformation/nyhetsvisning/varldens-starkaste-synkrotron-invigs.cid270740|publisher=Umeå University|access-date=22 December 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918171218/http://www.teknat.umu.se/pressinformation/nyhetsvisning/varldens-starkaste-synkrotron-invigs.cid270740|archive-date=18 September 2016}}</ref>  It was inaugurated on 21 June 2016. The [[European Spallation Source]] (ESS) is a pulsed [[neutron]] source under construction on a site just north of MAX IV. ESS is expected to directly employ about 450 people when it is completed in around 2023.<ref>{{cite web|title=MAX IV and ESS|url=http://www.lunduniversity.lu.se/research/max-iv-and-ess|publisher=Lund University|access-date=22 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161219054758/http://www.lunduniversity.lu.se/research/max-iv-and-ess|archive-date=19 December 2016}}</ref>

[[Tetra Pak]] was founded in Lund in 1951 by [[Ruben Rausing]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Tetra Pak history|url=http://www.tetrapak.com/about/history|website=tetrapak.com|publisher=Tetra Pak International S.A.|access-date=22 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161204120503/http://www.tetrapak.com/about/history|archive-date=4 December 2016}}</ref> Their principal product is packages and equipment for [[aseptic processing|aseptic packaging]] of food, principally using plastic-coated cardboard. As of January 2015 Tetra Pak employed around 3,500 staff at their headquarters in Lund.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Satz|first1=Lotta|title=70 tjänster bort på Tetra Pak i Lund|url=http://www.sydsvenskan.se/2015-01-13/70-tjanster-bort-pa-tetra-pak-i-lund|access-date=22 December 2016|publisher=Sydsvekskan|date=13 January 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222223324/http://www.sydsvenskan.se/2015-01-13/70-tjanster-bort-pa-tetra-pak-i-lund|archive-date=22 December 2016}}</ref>
 
The pharmaceutical company [[AstraZeneca]] used to have a large presence in Lund but their offices closed in 2010. The site was re-developed as a [[research park]] named [[Medicon Village]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mediconvillage.se/en|title=Medicon Village|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109011450/http://www.mediconvillage.se/en|archive-date=2016-01-09}}</ref> {{As of|2016}} over 1,200 people worked in more than 100 organisations based at Medicon Village.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Medicon Village|url=http://www.mediconvillage.se/en/about|website=mediconvillage.se|access-date=22 December 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514201459/http://www.mediconvillage.se/en/about|archive-date=14 May 2016}}</ref>

== Notable residents ==
<!--Put additions in alphabetical order-->
{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|
*[[Axwell]], professional DJ
*[[Rolf-Göran Bengtsson]], Olympic equestrian
*[[Martin Dahlin]], footballer
*[[Timbuktu (artist)|Timbuktu]] (Jason Diakité), hip-hop and reggae artist
*[[Kim Ekdahl du Rietz]], handball player
*[[Joel Ekstrand]], footballer
*[[Olle Hagnell]], psychiatrist and professor
*[[Mikael Håfström]], film writer and director
*[[Anders Jansson]], comedian
*[[Amanda Jenssen]], singer
*[[Joachim Johansson]], tennis player
*[[Helena Josefsson]], singer
*[[Niklas Krog]], novelist (young adult books)
*[[Nils Grandelius]], chess grandmaster
*[[Isabelle Haak]], volleyball player
*[[Indrek Martinson]], Estonian-born physicist
*[[Albert Levan]], botanist and geneticist
*[[Cecilia Lindqvist]], Sinologist
*[[Roger Ljung]], footballer
*[[Jan Malmsjö]], actor
*[[Beata Mårtensson-Brummer]] (1889–1956), painter, ceramist
*[[Lukas Moodysson]], film writer, director
*[[Johann Christoph Muhrbeck]] (1733–1805), philosopher
*[[Andreas Palicka]], handball player
*[[Gösta Pettersson (biochemist)|Gösta Pettersson]], biochemist 
*[[Ivo Pekalski]], footballer
*[[The Radio Dept.]], band
*[[Ola Svensson]], pop singer
*[[Max von Sydow]], actor
*[[Linus Thörnblad]], Olympic high jumper
*[[Johan Wester]], comedian
*[[Elin Wägner]], feminist writer
*[[Rolf Edling]], Olympic fencer
*[[Måns Zelmerlöw]], pop singer and winner of [[Eurovision Song Contest 2015]].
}}

===Literary residents===
{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|
*[[Brita Egardt]] (1916–1990), ethnologist, folklorist
*[[Vilhelm Ekelund]], poet
*[[Hjalmar Gullberg]], writer, poet and translator
*[[Britt G. Hallqvist]], writer, poet and translator
*[[Ola Hansson]], writer, poet and critic
*[[Albert Kivikas]], Estonian-born writer and journalist
*[[Bengt Lidforss]], natural scientist and writer
*[[Carl Linnaeus]], scientist and author
*[[Vladimir Oravsky]] author and film director
*[[Anders Österling]], writer, poet, translator and critic
*[[Lars Norén]], poet and playwright
*[[Göran Sonnevi]], poet and translator
*[[August Strindberg]], playwright
*[[Esaias Tegnér]], writer and bishop
*[[Nils Runeberg (fictional)]], character of Jorge Luis Borges' Three Versions of Judas}}

== See also ==
*[[Lund Principle]], an important principle in ecumenical relations between Christian churches.
*[[Uppsala]]
*[[All Saints Abbey, Lund]]
*[[Östra Torn]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{Commons}}
{{Wikivoyage|Lund}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20170603212724/https://lund.se/ Lunds Kommun] - Official site
*[http://www.visitlund.se/ Visitlund.se] Tourist information
*{{Cite NIE|wstitle=Lund |year=1905 |short=x}}
*{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Lund |short=x}}

{{Localities in Lund Municipality}}
{{Skåne County}}
{{30 most populous cities of Sweden}}
{{50 most populous urban settlements of Scandinavia}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Lund| ]]<!--please leave the empty space as standard-->
[[Category:Municipal seats of Skåne County]]
[[Category:Swedish municipal seats]]
[[Category:Viking Age populated places]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 10th century]]
[[Category:10th-century establishments in Scania]]
[[Category:Cities in Sweden]]
[[Category:History of Lund]]