View source for Luke 19

{{New Testament chapter short description}}
{{Bible chapter|letname=Luke 19|previouslink= Luke 18 |previousletter= chapter 18 |nextlink= Luke 20 |nextletter= chapter 20|book= [[Gospel of Luke]] |biblepart=[[New Testament]] | booknum= 3 |category= [[Gospel]] | filename= Trento-Santa Trinità-portal.jpg |size=250px | name=Santa Trinità in Trento|caption=<div style="width: 250px; text-align: center; line-height: 1em">The inscription of [[#Verse 46|Luke 19:46]] in [[Latin]] on the architrave at the portal of the church of Santa Trinità, in Trento, Italy</div>}}
'''Luke 19''' is the nineteenth chapter of the [[Gospel of Luke]] in the [[New Testament]] of the [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Bible]]. It records [[Jesus]]' arrival in [[Jericho]] and his meeting with [[Zacchaeus]], the [[Parables of Jesus|parable]] [[Parable of the talents or minas|of the minas]] and Jesus' arrival in [[Jerusalem]].<ref name=Halley>Halley, Henry H. ''Halley's Bible Handbook'': an Abbreviated Bible Commentary. 23rd edition. Zondervan Publishing House. 1962.</ref> The book containing this chapter is [[Anonymity|anonymous]], but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that [[Luke the Evangelist]] composed this [[Gospel]] as well as the [[Acts of the Apostles]].<ref name=Holman>Holman Illustrated Bible Handbook. Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee. 2012.</ref>

==Text==
[[File:CodexGigas 527 Luke.jpg|right|thumb|250px|The [[Latin]] text of Luke 14:30–19:7 in [[Codex Gigas]] (13th century)]]
The original text was written in [[Koine Greek]]. Some early [[Biblical manuscript#New Testament manuscripts|manuscripts]] containing the text of this chapter are:
*[[Papyrus 75]] (AD 175–225)
*[[Codex Vaticanus]] (325–350)
*[[Codex Sinaiticus]] (330–360)
*[[Codex Bezae]] (~400)
*[[Codex Washingtonianus]] (~400)
*[[Codex Alexandrinus]] (400–440)
*[[Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus]] (~450; extant verses 42–48).

[[Chapters and verses of the Bible|This chapter is divided into]] 48 verses.

==Old Testament references ==
* {{bibleverse|Luke|19:38|KJV}}: [[Psalm 118|Psalm]] {{bibleverse-nb|Psalm|118:26|KJV}}<ref name=kirkpatrick>{{cite book|last= Kirkpatrick| first= A. F. | authorlink=Alexander Kirkpatrick| title= The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes |series=The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges | volume = Book IV and V: Psalms XC-CL | place = Cambridge |publisher= At the University Press | year = 1901 | pages = 840 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=SLJzlHElr6cC | access-date= February 28, 2019}}</ref>
* [[#Verse 46|Luke 19:46]]: [[Isaiah 56:7]]; [[Jeremiah 7:11]]

==Jesus comes to Zacchaeus' house (verses 1–10)==
{{Main|Zacchaeus}}
[[File:Niels Larsen Stevns- Zakæus.jpg|thumb|alt=Painting showing Jesus holds up his hand to call Zacchaeus down from the tree while a crowd watches|''Zacchaeus'' by Niels Larsen Stevns. Jesus calls Zacchaeus down from his height in the [[sycamore tree|tree]].]]
[[File:Zacchaeus-sycamore.JPG|thumb|alt=Photo of the actual Sycamore fig tree in Jericho today. | Zacchaeus' [[sycamore fig]] in [[Jericho]]]]
[[Zacchaeus]] ({{langx|el|Ζακχαῖος}}, ''{{Transliteration|el|Zakchaios}}''; {{langx|he|זכי}}, 'pure', 'innocent'<ref>{{cite web|last=Milligan|first=Jim|title=Lexicon: Strong's G2195 - Zakchaios| url=http://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?strongs=G2195|work=Blue Letter Bible| publisher=Sowing Circle}}</ref>) of [[Jericho]] was wealthy, a chief [[tax collector]], mentioned only in the [[Gospel of Luke]].<ref>{{bibleverse||Luke|19:1-10|KJV}}</ref> A descendant of [[Abraham]], Zacchaeus is the epitome of someone meeting [[Jesus]]' in his earthly mission to bring salvation to the lost.<ref>{{cite web|last=Warfield|first=Benjamin Breckinridge|title=Jesus' Mission, According to His Own Testimony|url=https://www.monergism.com/thethreshold/sdg/warfield/warfield_jesusmission.html|work=Monergism|publisher=CPR Foundation}}</ref> Tax collectors were despised as traitors (working for the [[Roman Empire]], not for their Jewish community), and as being [[corruption|corrupt]]. This encounter between Jesus and Zacchaeus "is a story of divine grace and the call to holiness". A Methodist/Roman Catholic [[Ecumenical dialogue|ecumenical]] document reflects that{{blockquote|Zacchaeus, an undeserving figure, is nevertheless graciously accepted by Jesus and drawn into a saving relationship with the Lord, which transforms his previously self-centred and selfish existence into holy living. On receiving Jesus’ summons, Zacchaeus instantly resolves to make reparation for his sinful past by promising to give half of his possessions to the poor and repay fourfold all whom he had defrauded."<ref>Joint International Commission for Dialogue Between the World Methodist Council and The Roman Catholic Church (2016), [http://worldmethodistconference.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/The-Call-to-Holiness-Final-copy-28062016.pdf The Call to Holiness: From Glory to Glory], accessed 24 January 2022</ref>}}

==Parable of the minas (verses 11–27)==
{{Main|Parable of the minas}}
:''Now as they heard these things, He spoke another parable, because He was near Jerusalem and because they thought the kingdom of God would appear immediately.''<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|19:11|NKJV}}: NKJV</ref>
The journey which Jesus had embarked on "steadfastly" in {{bibleverse|Luke|9:51|NKJV}} is drawing towards its climax. [[Hugo Grotius]] held that "they" (who heard these things) refers to the [[Disciple (Christianity)|disciples]]. [[Heinrich August Wilhelm Meyer|Heinrich Meyer]] argues that "they" were the murmurers of verse 7.<ref name=meyer>Meyer, H. A. W., [https://biblehub.com/commentaries/meyer/luke/19.htm Meyer's NT Commentary] on Luke 19, translated from the German sixth edition, accessed on 9 August 2020</ref>

Meyer also notes some uncertainty regarding the chronology of events: verse 5 has Jesus planning to stay with Zacchaeus overnight, whereas verse 28 suggests a more immediate departure for Jerusalem after the telling of the parable.<ref name=meyer />

==Jesus' approach to Jerusalem (verses 28–44)==
{{Main|Triumphal entry into Jerusalem}}
In verse 29, Jesus instructs two of his disciples to take possession of a colt for him to ride. They place their cloaks or "upper garments" on the colt to use as a cushion,<ref name=meyer /><ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|19:35|ESV}}: ESV</ref> and accompany Jesus on his way. Those who throw their cloaks on the road ahead of him (verse 36) are presumably the crowd of his disciples, whose presence is indicated in verses 37-38.<ref>[[John Gill (theologian)|Gill, J.]] (1746–48), [https://biblehub.com/commentaries/gill/luke/19.htm Gill's Exposition] on Luke 19, accessed on 13 April 2025</ref>

On the downward slope of the [[Mount of Olives]], there is a scene of great rejoicing:
:''"Blessed is the King who comes in the name of the Lord!''
:''Peace in heaven and glory in the highest!"''<ref>{{bibleverse||Luke|19:38|NKJV}}, cf. {{bibleverse||Psalm|118:26|NKJV}}</ref>

The [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] word "[[Hosanna]]", which appears in the parallel accounts in Matthew and Mark, is not used by Luke. Meyer suggests that Luke's version might reflect a tradition which has avoided using this word.<ref name=meyer />

As he drew near to the city, Jesus wept, anticipating the [[Second Temple#Destruction|destruction of the Temple]],<ref>{{bibleverse||Luke|19:41-44|NKJV}}</ref> an occasion known as ''Flevit super illam'' in [[Latin language|Latin]].<ref>*{{cite book|last1=Boring|first1=M. Eugene |last2=Craddock|first2=Fred B. |title=The People's New Testament Commentary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N0tLXRIiIe0C|year=2004|publisher=Westminster John Knox Press|isbn=978-0-664-22754-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Majerník|first1=Ján |last2=Ponessa|first2=Joseph |last3=Manhardt|first3=Laurie Watson |title=Come and See: The Synoptics: On the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cqP5xHXGYPQC|year=2005|publisher=Emmaus Road |isbn=978-1-931018-31-9}}</ref> Another occasion when [[Jesus wept]] is recorded in John's gospel following the death of his friend [[Lazarus of Bethany|Lazarus]].<ref>{{bibleverse||John|11:35|NKJV}})</ref> In his [[lament]], Jesus states:
:''"If you had known, even you, especially in this your day, the things that make for your peace! But now they are hidden from your eyes. For days will come upon you when your enemies will build an embankment around you, surround you and close you in on every side, and level you, and your children within you, to the ground; and they will not leave in you one stone upon another, because you did not know the time of your visitation."''<ref>{{bibleverse||Luke|19:42-44|NKJV}}: NKJV</ref>

[[Lutheran]] biblical scholar [[Johann Albrecht Bengel|Johann Bengel]] contrasts Jesus' reaction with the immediately preceding scene of rejoicing:
:''Behold before thee the compassionate [[Christ the King|King]], amidst the very shouts of joy raised by His [[Disciple (Christianity)|disciples]]!''
:''Jesus weeps over Jerusalem, and yet compels no man by force.''<ref>Bengel, J. A., [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/bengel/luke/19.htm Bengel's Gnomon of the New Testament] on Luke 19, accessed 11 July 2018</ref>

The [[Jerusalem Bible]] suggests that "your peace" is a reference to "the peace of the [[messianic age]]".<ref>Jerusalem Bible (1966), footnote f at Luke 19:42</ref>

===Verse 28===
:''When He had said this, He went on ahead, going up to Jerusalem.''<ref>{{bibleverse||Luke|19:28|NKJV}}: NKJV</ref>
In many translations, Jesus went on "ahead", i.e. "in front of" his disciples.<ref>{{bibleverse||Luke|19:28|GNT}}: [[Good News Bible|Good News Translation]]</ref> [[Erasmus]], Kypke, Kuinoel, [[Heinrich Ewald]] and others translate as "He went forwards", i.e. he pursued his journey,<ref name=meyer /> cf. the God's Word to the Nations translation, "he continued on his way".<ref>{{bibleverse||Luke|19:28|GW}}: [[God's Word Translation]]</ref>

===Verses 41–44===
As with Luke's earlier text at {{bibleverse||Luke|13:34-35|NKJV}}, Jesus contemplates the significance and fate of Jerusalem, the [[Names of Jerusalem|holy city]]. This passage is rich in Old Testament allusions.<ref>Footnote g at Luke 19:44 in the Jerusalem Bible</ref>

==Jesus in the Temple (verses 45–48)==
{{Main|Cleansing of the Temple}}

===Verse 46===
: [Jesus] ''Saying unto them, It is written, My house is the house of prayer: but ye have made it a den of thieves.''<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|19:46|KJV}}: KJV</ref>
In expelling the dealers from the [[Herod's temple|Temple]], Jesus' words draw from both [[Isaiah 56:7]] (''a house of prayer for all nations'') and [[Jeremiah 7:11]] (''a den of thieves''). [[Matthew 21:13]]<ref>{{cite book
| last = Huey
| first = F. B.
| title	 = The New American Commentary - Jeremiah, Lamentations: An Exegetical and Theological Exposition of Holy Scripture, NIV Text
| publisher = B&H Publishing Group 
| year = 1993
| pages = 106
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=HBguYZCdAM4C
| isbn = 9780805401165
}}</ref> and [[Mark 11:17]] have the same quotations.

===Verse 47===
: ''And He was teaching daily in the temple. But the chief priests, the scribes, and the leaders of the people sought to destroy Him''.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|19:47|NKJV}}: NKJV</ref>
Luke reiterates at {{bibleverse|Luke|21:37|NKJV}} and {{bibleverse-nb|Luke|23:27|NKJV}} that Jesus taught in the Temple on a daily basis. Anglican churchman [[Henry Alford (theologian)|Henry Alford]] suggests that this "general description" of Jesus' engagement in the temple is fittingly located at the end of the chapter which concludes his "last journey to Jerusalem".<ref>Alford, H., [https://biblehub.com/commentaries/alford/luke/19.htm Henry Alford - Greek Testament Critical Exegetical Commentary] on Luke 19, accessed 23 October 2023</ref> [[Alexander Maclaren]] refers to his "calm courage" in continuously teaching there.<ref>Maclaren, A., [https://biblehub.com/commentaries/maclaren/luke/19.htm Expositions Of Holy Scripture] on Luke 19, accessed 23 October 2023</ref>

===Verse 48===
:''and [they] were unable to do anything; for all the people were very attentive to hear Him''.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|19:48|NKJV}}: NKJV</ref>
Literally, the people “were hanging from him”, i.e. hung on His lips.<ref>[[Frederic Farrar|Farrar, F. W.]] (1891), [https://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/luke/19.htm Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges] on Luke 19, accessed 12 August 2020</ref> The Jerusalem Bible translates this as "the people as a whole hung on his words".<ref>Jerusalem Bible (1966), Luke 19:48</ref>

==See also==
* [[Jericho]]
* [[Mina (unit)|Mina]]
* [[Ministry of Jesus]]
* [[Parables of Jesus]]
* [[Ficus sycomorus|Sycamore tree]]
* [[Zacchaeus]]
* Related [[Bible]] parts: [[Isaiah 56]], [[Jeremiah 7]], [[Zechariah 9]], [[Matthew 21]], [[Matthew 25]], [[Mark 11]], [[John 2]], [[John 12]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{bibleverse|Luke|19|KJV}} King James Bible - Wikisource
*[http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=1&b=3&c=19 English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate]
*[http://www.gospelhall.org/bible/bible.php?passage=Luke+19 ''Online Bible'' at GospelHall.org] (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, [[Bible in Basic English]])
*[http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?book_id=49&chapter=19 Multiple bible versions at ''Bible Gateway''] (NKJV, NIV, NRSV etc.)

{{sequence
| prev = [[Luke 18]]
| list = Chapters of the Bible<br />[[Gospel of Luke]]
| next = [[Luke 20]]
}}
{{Gospel of Luke}}

[[Category:Gospel of Luke chapters]]
[[Category:Second Temple]]